2020中考英语语法专项复习：情态动词 26页

情态动词 情态动词不能单独作谓语，它必须和动词 原形连用一起构成谓语。 一、情态动词的情态意义表示法 考点一： can 可表示现在或将来的能力， 意为“能；会”。 can 还可表示请求、允 许，意为“可以”。 如： Gabriella can speak French fluently. Can you help me lift this box? 考点二： could 可表示过去的能力；当 could 表示允许时，语气比 can 更加委婉 和客气。 如： Could I have a drink of water, please? 考点三： may 表示请求、允许，意为“可 以”。 如： May I come in and wait? Thank you. You may go now. 考点四： might 表示允许时，语气比 may 更 加委婉和客气。 如： Might I borrow your pen? 考点五： must 表示义务、命令或必要，意 为“必须”，强调主观看法。 mustn’t 表示“不允许；禁止”之意。 如： All passengers must wear seat belts. You mustn’t talk to your mother like that. 考点六： have to 意为“不得不”，强调观 需要。 如： It is getting late. I have to go. 考点七： should 意为“应该”，既可以表示义 务或责任，还可以表示劝告或建议。其否定 式为 shouldn’t ，意为“不应该”。 如： You should read his new book. It’s really interesting. Children shouldn’t be allowed to play in the street. 考点八： had better do sth. 意为“最好做某 事”，其否定式在 better 后加 not 。 如： You’d better (not) see the film yourself. 考点九： need 表示“需要”，作情态动词时， 通常用于否定句或疑问句中。 【 中考链接 】 1. Jenny finally got the job because she ______ speak English well. A. might B. must C. could 2. —How do you usually go to school? —My school is far away. I ______ take the bus to school. A. must B. might C. have to 3. It's surprising that Mr. Ma's little daughter ______ speak English so well. A. must B. can C. mustn't D. can't 4. As middle school students, we ______ be afraid of difficulties if we want to make our dreams come true. A. must B. shouldn't C. need 5. Cars, buses, bikes and people ______ stop when the traffic lights are red. A. can B. may C. must 二、情态动词表示推测 考点一： can 表示推测时常用于否定句 中，此时 can’t 意为“不可能”。 如： That can’t be his mother. She’s not that old. 考点二： could 常用于肯定句中，表示不 确定的推测，意为“可能”。 如： You could be right, but I don’t think you are. 考点三： may 表示推测，意为“可能；也许”。 如： I may be late, so don’t wait for me. 考点四： might 表示推测时，比 may 的可能性 更小。  如： She might not want to come with us, I guess. 考点五： must 表示推测时常用于肯定句中， 表示很有把握的推测，意为“一定”。 如： The machine doesn’t work. There must be something wrong with it. 1. —Look! It ______ be David in the classroom. —It ______ be him. Because I saw him in the library a moment ago. A. may; mustn't B. must; can't C. can; can't D. mustn't; can 【 中考链接 】 2. Harry's been driving all day — he ______ be tired. A. need B. can C. shall D. must 3. —Look! The man at the gate ______ be our headmaster. He is always standing there every morning. —No, it ______ be him. He is holding a meeting in the office now. A. must; can't B. must; mustn't C. can't; can't D. can't; mustn't 4. —I have been to the moon twice. —You ______ be joking! It's impossible! A. can B. may C. must D. need 5. —Do you have any plans for this Sunday? —I'm not sure. I ______ go to the countryside to see my grandmother. A. can B. must C. may D. need 三、情态动词一般疑问句的回答 考点一： may 表示请求时，用于主语为 第一人称的一般疑问句中，其否定回答 不用 may not ，而用 mustn’t 或 can’t 。 如： —May I use your glasses for a few minutes? —No, you mustn’t / can’t. 考点二： 在回答由 must 引起的一般疑问句时 , 肯 定回答常用 must, 否定回答常用 needn’t 或 don’t have to ，表示“不必”。 如： —Must we finish this project today? —Yes, you must. / No, you needn’t / don’t have to. 考点三：在回答由 need 引起的一般疑问句时，肯定回答用 must ，否定回答用 needn’t 。 如： —Need I bring you a coat? —Yes, you must. / No, you needn’t. 考点四：在回答由 could( 表示委婉语气 ) 引起的一般疑问句时，常用 can / can’t 回答。 1. —Must I finish all the homework this evening? —No, you ______. Tomorrow is Saturday, and you have enough time for it. A. mustn't B. needn't C. won't D. can't 【 中考链接 】 2. A: Mum, may I go out to play football for an hour? B: No, you ______. The air outside is not very clean. A. can't B. needn't C. couldn't 3. —Must I hand in the exercise book today, Miss Green ？ —No, you ______. Take your time. Just tomorrow. A. shouldn't B. needn't C. mustn't D. can't 4. —Must I sing the song in Russian? —No, you ______. It's up to you. A. mustn't B. can't C. don't D. needn't 5. —Can you come to my party on Wednesday? —Sorry, I ______. I have a piano lesson. A. can't B. couldn't C. mustn't