2019届一轮复习译林版必修二Unit1Talesoftheunexplained单元学案设计（55页） 53页

2019 届一轮复习译林版必修二 Unit 1 Tales of the unexplained 单元学案设计 一、刷黑板——词汇全听写(先过识记默写关) Ⅰ.阅读词汇(英译汉) [第一屏听写] 1．creature n．　　　　　　 动物，(具备某种特征的)人 2．flash n. & vi. 闪光，闪耀 3．detective n. 侦探 4．astronomer n. 天文学家 5．enthusiastic adj. 热情的；热烈的；满腔热忱的 6．questionaire n. 调查问卷 7．tick vt. 标记号；打上勾；打对号 8．badminton n. 羽毛球 [第二屏听写] 9．centimeter n．　　　　　　 厘米 10．blank n. (文件等)空白处，空格 adj. 空白的；无表情的 11．tournament n. 联赛，锦标赛 12．hairy adj. 多毛的，毛茸茸的 13．appropriate adj. 适当的 14．*alien n．& adj. 外星人(的) 15．*mystery n. 神秘的事或人 16．*comic strip n. 连环漫画 Ⅱ.高频词汇(汉译英) [第三屏听写] 1．tale n．　　　　　　　　　 故事，传说 2．unexplained adj. 无法解释的，神秘的 3．puzzled adj. 困惑的，茫然的 4．incident n. 发生的事情(尤指不寻常的或讨厌的) 5．due adj. 由于，因为；预期的；适当的 6．disappear vi. 消失；失踪 7．witness n. 目击者，证人 vt. 目击，见证　 [第四屏听写] 8．spaceship n．　　　　　　 宇宙飞船 9．assume vt. 假定；认为 10．construction n. 施工；建筑物 11．occur vi. 发生 12．aboard adv. & prep. 在(轮船、飞机、火车等)上；上(轮 船、飞机、 火车等) 13．possibility n. 可能性 14．case n. 案件；具体情况，实例 [第五屏听写] 15．journalist n．　　　　　　 记者 16．amazing adj. 令人惊奇(惊叹)的 17．evidence n. 证据 18．injury n. 伤害 19．dismiss vt. 不予考虑；解雇；解散 20．laughter n. 笑，笑声 21．schoolboy n. (学校的)男生 [第六屏听写] 22．base n．　　　　　　　　 基地，大本营；底部；基础 vt. 以……为基础 23．exist vi. 存在 24．disagree vi. 不同意 25．humour n. 幽默 26．discount n. 折扣 27．statement n. 陈述；声明　 [第七屏听写] 28．organize vt.　　　　　　组织，筹备；安排，处理 29．award n. 奖，奖品，奖金 vt. 授予，奖励 30._attack vt. & vi. & n. 攻击；进攻 31．villager n. 村民 32．fur n. (动物的)皮毛，毛皮 33．track n. 足迹，踪迹 34．length n. 长度 [第八屏听写] 35．examine vt.　　　　　　检查 36．north­west n. 西北 37．dozen n. 一打；十二个；十来个 38．reserve n. (动植物的)保护区；储备 vt. 预订；保留；储备 39．strength n. 力量，力气 40．belong vi. 应在(某处)；适应 [第九屏听写] 41．existence n．　　　　　　 存在 42．convince vt. 使确信，使相信 43．link vt. & n. 联系，关联 44．ancestor n. 祖先，祖宗 45．survive vi. & vt. 生存；挺过(难关) 46．step_up 加紧，加强，促进 47．due_to 由于，因为 [第十屏听写] 48．show_up　　　　　 出现， 现身 49．take_charge_of 负责，掌管 50．make_up 编造，杜撰；构成 51．look_into 调查 52．dozens_of 许多，很多 53．belong_to 属于 54．make_one's_way_to 前往，到……去　 二、刷清单——热身自盘点(再过基本应用关) (一)核心单词 阅 读 单 词 1.creature n．　 　　动物，(具 备某种特征的)人 2．flash n．&vi. 闪 光，闪耀 3．detective n. 侦探 4．astronomer n. 天 文学家 5．enthusiastic adj. 热情的；热烈的；满 腔热忱的 6.questionaire n．　调 查问卷 7．tick vt. 标记号； 打上勾；打对号 8．tale n. 故事，传说 9．appropriate adj. 适 当的 10．blank n．　(文件 等)空白处，空格 adj.　　空白的；无表 情的 11.tournament n．　　联赛，锦 标赛 12．hairy adj. 多毛的，毛茸 茸的 13．alien n．& adj. 外星人(的) 14．mystery n. 神秘的事或人 15．comic strip n. 连环漫画 表 达 单 词 1.statement n．　　　陈述；声 明 2．incident n. 发生的事情 3．due adj. 由于，因为；预期 的；适当的 4．disappear vi. 消失；失踪 [语境活用] 1．Like her mother, Irene was_awarded (授予) a Nobel Prize, along with her husband, in 1935. 2．The expression is probably based (以……为基础) on 5．witness n. 目击者，证人 vt. 目击，见证 6．assume vt. 假定；认为 7．occur vi. 发生 8．aboard adv. & prep. 　 在(轮 船、飞机、火车等)上； 上(轮船、飞机、火车等) 9．case n. 案件；具体情况， 实例 10．evidence n. 证据 11．dismiss vt. 不予考虑；解 雇；解散 12．base n. 基地，大本营；底 部；基础 vt. 以……为基础 13．discount n. 折扣 14．award n. 奖，奖品，奖金 vt. 授予，奖励 15._attack vt. & vi. & n. 　　攻 击；进攻 16．examine vt. 检查 17．reserve n. (动植物的)保护 区；储备 vt. 预订；保留；储备 18．belong vi. 应在(某处) church customs. 3．I can still remember an incident (发生的事情) that happened on a rainy Sunday afternoon. 4．Italy, which has a much weaker tradition of immigration, has witnessed (见 证) a sharp increase in immigration in recent years. (2017·6 月浙江高考阅读) 5．He was dismissed (解雇) from his job for breaking the company safety regulations. 6．He doesn't seek advice, since he assumes (认为) nothing can be done. 7．A great decline in young work force is likely to occur (发 生) in China, for instance.(2017·江苏高考阅读) 8．There were 56 passengers aboard_(在飞机上) the crashed MS 804. 9．Now, we have a special offer for 10 days, during which you can enjoy a half price discount (折扣) and a free delivery. 10．So far, he has collected enough evidence (证据) of the wild man's existence. 拓 展 单 词 1.construction n．施工；建筑物 →construct vt.建造 2．amazing adj.令人惊奇(惊叹) 的→amazed adj.吃惊的，感到惊 奇的→amaze vt.使惊异/惊奇 →amazement n．惊异，惊奇 3．unexplained adj.无法解释的， 神秘的→explain vt.解释；说明 →explanation n．解释；说明 4．puzzled adj.困惑的，茫然的 →puzzle vt.使困惑；使为难 →puzzling adj.令人困惑的 5．possibility n．可能性 →possible adj.可能的 →possibly adv.可能地 6．injury n．伤害→injure v．伤 害→injured adj.受伤的 7．exist vi.存在→existence n．存 在 [语境活用] 1．The present situation here is puzzling,_and we are all puzzled about what will happen in the days to come.(puzzle) 2．Brown was seriously injured in the traffic accident yesterday, so he can't go on with his work until he recovers from the injury.(injure) 3．It's a convincing speech and I'm convinced that many people will benefit from it.(convince) 4．Luckily, the boy survived the terrible car crash last week and he was the only survivor of the accident.(survive) 5．The construction of the pyramids is a wonder and many early history scholars tried to study them, telling how the construction was constructed.(construct) 拓 展 单 词 8.strength n．力量，力气 →strengthen vt.加强，巩固 →strong adj.强壮的，有力的 9．convince vt.使确信，使相信 →convincing adj.令人信服的 →convinced adj.确信的，感到 信服的 10．survive vi. & vt.生存；挺过 (难关)→survival n．幸存，生存 →survivor n．幸存者 6.We were amazed by the amazing news that an eight­year­old child should be admitted to Tsinghua University.(amaze) 7．To make yourself strong or increase your strength,_you should get more exercise to strengthen your muscles.(strong) (二)常用短语 写准记牢 语境活用(选用左栏短语填空) 1.step_up　　　　　加紧，加强， 促进 2．due_to 由于，因为 3．show_up 出现， 现身 4．take_charge_of 负责，掌管 5．make_up 编造，杜撰；构成； 弥补 6．look_into 调查；朝……里看 7．dozens_of 许多，很多 8．belong_to 属于；是……的一 1.In the north of India, the population is booming due_to high birth rates.(2017·江苏高考阅读) 2．As I looked_into my car, I could not see inside the car, like all the windows were just black. 3．To their anger, when they were seated at the table, the host didn't show_up yet. 4．Kevin took_charge_of the company while the manager was 员 9．make_one's_way_to 前往， 到……去 10．carry_out 实现；完成；执行 11．run_into 偶遇，无意中碰见 12．leave_out 遗漏；省去；不考 虑 13．believe_in 信任 14．be_enthusiastic_about 对…… 热心的/热情的 15．be_based_on 以……为基础 16．pick_up 拾起；(偶然)学会； 接收；用车接 away. 5．More than 17 million people in the UK — made_up of England, Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland — voted to sever ties with the EU. 6．According to the law, the larger house belongs_to Soc Page and her family. 7．It seems that he hasn't the funds to carry_out his plan, so he quits the program. 8．No wonder you couldn't get through. You've left_out a zero in this phone number. (三)经典句式 原句背诵 句式解构 佳句仿写 1.Witnesses also say they saw Justin walking towards his house at 10.45 p．m. 目击者也说，当晚 10 点 45 分他们看到贾斯廷往 自己家的方向走去。 “感官动词 ＋宾语＋宾 语补足语” 结构。 在春天，我们可以随时发现 一些孩子在野外放风筝。 (2016·四川高考满分作文) In spring, we can always find_some_children_flying_ kites in the field. 2.Standing inside were lots of strange creatures with white skin and large black 完全倒装结 构：v.­ing 短 许多老人和孩子正站在街 道两旁。(2016·北京高考写 eyes. (飞船)里面站着许多白皮 肤、眼睛又黑又大的奇怪 生物。 语＋be＋主 语(主语较 长)。 作佳句) Standing_on_both_sides_of _the_street_are many old people and children. 3.The Yeti is said to be a large, hairy animal that walks on two feet like a human being. 据说，野人体格高大多毛， 像人类一样用两脚行走。 Sb./Sth. be said to do“据 说……”，可 转换为 It＋ be＋said that ...。 据说一些世界著名的队员 将被邀请来讲课。(2017·全 国卷Ⅲ满分作文) Some famous players from the world are_said_to_be_invited to give lessons. (四)初中考点再回顾 高频考查类——记 熟 文化差异类——辨清 易忘易错类——勤览 1.be_good_at　　擅 长…… 2.be good for 对…… 有益 3.be good to 对…… 友好 4.be good with 与……相处得好 5.be awake 醒着 1.take_the_subway　 乘地铁 2.ride_a_bike 骑自行 车 3.clothes n. 衣服(集合 名词) 4.clothing n. 衣服(不 可数) 5.cloth n. 布料(不可 数) 1.documentary n．　纪录 片 2.drama n. 戏剧 3.about five kilometers away from school 离学校大约 5 公里远 4.far away from school 离学校很远 5.save the earth 拯救地 球 一、过重点单词——纵引横联超人一点 1．puzzled adj.困惑的，茫然的 [教材原句]　Boy missing, police puzzled 男孩失踪，警方茫然 (1)be puzzled about　　　　 对……感到困惑 be puzzled＋疑问词＋to do 对做……感到困惑 (2)puzzle vt. 使……困惑/迷惑 n. 难题；谜 puzzle about/over sth. 冥思苦想 be a puzzle to sb. 对某人来说是个谜 (3)puzzling adj. 使人困惑的，令人不解的 [多角练透] 用 puzzle 的适当形式完成小片段 ①Ella was reading a poem with a puzzled expression on her face. Its deeper meaning remained a puzzle to her. When I asked what she thought of the poem, she said it was indeed puzzling. 完成句子 ② The police are_still_puzzled_about/over how the accident happened. 警察仍在苦思这起事故是怎么发生的。 ③Everyone present is_puzzled_what_to_say. 在场的每一个人都不知道该说什么。 ④ Elizabeth raised some questions to express_her_puzzle_about_grammar. 伊丽莎白提出了一些问题表达了自己对语法的困惑。 [联想发散] 一些与感觉有关的及物动词，其­ing 形式常表示“令人……”， 其­ed 形式常表示“感到……”。 Error! Error! Error! Error!　　 2．witness n．目击者，证人；证据 v.目击，见证 [教材原句]　Witnesses also say they saw Justin walking towards his house at 10.45 p．m. 目击者也说，当晚 10 点 45 分他们看到贾斯廷往自己家的方向走 去。 (1)be (a) witness to sth.　 目击，看见；为……提供证据 give witness to sth. 为……作证；证明 (2)witness to (doing) sth. 证明(做)某事 [题点全练]　完成句子 ①His good health is_a_witness_to_the_success_of_the_treatment. 他身体健康证明这种疗法是成功的。 ②Police have appealed to anyone who_witnessed_the_incident_to_contact_them. 警方呼吁凡是目击这一事件的人与他们联系。 ③Recent years have_witnessed a growing social mobility. 近年来人们的社会流动性越来越大。 [名师指津]　see, witness, find 等一些动词，可以用地点或时间名 词作主语，表示某地或某时“经历、发生、目睹”了某事。这是一种拟 人修辞法。 3．assume vt.假定；认为 [教材原句]　... she assumed that Kelly was having a bad dream, and sent her back to bed. ……她认为凯莉只是做了一个噩梦，于是将她打发回床上。 (1)assume that ...　　　　　 设想/认为…… assume ... to be ... 假定/假设……是…… It is assumed that ... 一般认为…… (2)assumption n. 假定；假设 make an assumption 认为；假定 (3)assuming (that) ... 假设/假定…… [多角练透] 单句语法填空 ①We can assume that the moon will continue to go around the earth until the end of time. ②Let us assume the theory to_be (be) true. ③Put your best foot forward and work on the assumption (assume) that there is an acceptable solution to every problem you are likely to face. ④The lady tends to make an assumption about you based on your appearance. 句式升级 ⑤If you are interested in it, please send an email to 123456@ sina.com. →Assuming_you_are_interested_in_it,_please send an email to 123456@ sina.com.(assuming) ⑥People assume that stress is caused by too much work. →It_is_assumed_that_stress_is_caused_by_too_much_work. ( 用 it 作形式主语改写) [熟词生义]　读句子猜词义 ⑦I made a mistake and I would assume responsibility for it.承担 [联想发散] “假设，如果”的表达法有： if＝Error!　　　 4．occur vi.发生；想到；出现 [ 教 材 原 句 ] 　 Mr Foster was working that night on his road construction job, and was not home when these events occurred. 福斯特先生当晚忙于他的道路建设工作，这些事发生时他并不在 家。 sth. occur(s) to sb.　　　　　　 某人突然想起某事 It occurs to/strikes/hits sb. that ... 某人突然想起…… It occurs to sb. to do sth. 某人想到要做某事 [题点全练]　完成句子 ①A good idea occurred_to_me when I woke up this morning. 今天早上醒来时我突然想到一个好点子。 ②It never occurred_to/struck/hit_me_that you could succeed in persuading him to change his mind. 我从没有想到你能成功地说服他改变主意。 ③It never occurred_to_her_to_ask anyone when she was in trouble. 当她遇到困难时从未想过求助别人。 5．exist vi.存在；生存 [教材原句]　Though he has never met any aliens, he believes they do exist. 尽管他从未见过外星人，但他相信他们确实存在。 (1)exist in　　　　　　　 存在于 exist on 靠……生存 There exist(s) ... 有…… (2)existence n. 存在 come into existence 成立；开始存在 [多角练透] 单句改错 ①The man existed in bread and water for over five months. in→on ② There exists some new problems such as being dishonest. exists→exist 完成句子 ③No one knows when such a custom first came_into_existence. 没有人知道这种风俗是什么时候开始有的。 ④Some strange ideas exist_in his mind. 他脑子里有一些奇怪的想法。 [名师指津]　exist 是不及物动词，没有被动语态，也不用于进行 时态。 6．award n．奖，奖品，奖金 vt.授予，奖励 [教材原句]　We could offer awards to the winning team and the most enthusiastic players. 我们会给获胜的队伍和最热情的运动员们颁发奖项。 (1)award sb. for sth.　　　 因为某事而奖励某人 award sb. sth.＝award sth. to sb. 给予/授予/判给某人某物 be awarded ... for ... 因……而被奖励…… (2)win awards/receive one's awards 获奖/接受颁奖 [题点全练]　完成句子 ①The school has won_awards for its pioneering work with the community. 这所学校因其针对该社区具有开创性的工作而获奖。 ②The teacher awarded_Tom_for_his_good_behavior. 老师因汤姆的良好表现而奖励了他。 ③The chairman awarded her the gold medal. ＝The chairman awarded_the_gold_medal_to_her. 主席给她颁发了金牌。 ④Dr. Yuan was_awarded many prizes for his research. 袁博士因为他的研究荣获许多奖项。 [辨析比较] vt.颁奖，授奖，给予 award sb. sth.＝award sth. to sb.award n.奖品，奖，奖状(与 prize 近义) vt.报答，酬谢 reward sb. for sth.“因……报答某人” reward sb. with sth. “用……酬谢某人” reward n.酬金，回报(奖金或一些非金钱的报酬) prize n.多指在各类竞赛、竞争或抽奖中所赢得的奖金或有价值的 东西 After being awarded the first prize, he expressed that he would continue to reward the people and the society with his hard work. 在获得一等奖后，他表示将继续努力工作，回报人民和社会。 7．strength n．[U]力量，力气；[C]长处，优势 [教材原句]　In one case, a group of engineers ran after the creature, which moved with amazing speed and strength. 有一次，一群工程师追赶这种生物，而它却以惊人的速度和力量 奔跑起来。 (1)strengths and weaknesses　　　优势和劣势 build up one's strength 增强体质 have the strength to do sth. 有做某事的力气 with all one's strength 竭尽全力 (2)strengthen v. 加强；增强；巩固 [多角练透] 单句语法填空 ①Great determination and ambition are his great strengths(strength)． ② Regular physical tests can strengthen (strength) people's health consciousness. ③Every morning I'm working out to build up my strength. 完成句子 ④ To beat the other teams, you have to know their strengths_and_weaknesses (优势和劣势)． ⑤The patient was too weak to_have_the_strength_to_stand_up (有 站起来的力量)． 8．convince vt.使确信，使相信；说服，劝说 [教材原句]　He became convinced they exist. 他开始确信它们存在。 [练牢基点]　写出下列句中 convince 的含义 ①I'm not going to believe it myself, never mind convince anyone else.说服 ②You need to convince your interviewer of your ability to master the work. 使相信 [系统考点] (1)convince sb. of sth. 　　 使某人相信某事 convince sb. to do sth. 说服某人做某事 convince sb. that ... 使某人相信…… (2)be convinced of ... 确信……；相信…… be convinced that ... 确信…… (3)convincing adj. 令人信服的；有说服力的 [练通重点] 单句语法填空 ③I tried to_convince (convince) myself that the trouble was with the problem itself, not with me. ④Scientists say there is no convincing (convince) evidence that this kind of medicine does good to cancer. ⑤Convinced (convince) of the accuracy of the data, they stuck to their opinion. 句型转换 ⑥He is convinced of the truth of the report. →He is convinced that the report is true. ⑦ In the New York City a friend persuade me into visiting Metropolitan Museum of Art. →In the New York City a friend convinced me to visit Metropolitan Museum of Art. 9．survive vi.生存，幸免；幸存；生还 vt.比……活得长；幸免 于；挺过(难关) [教材原句]　In his opinion, this animal made its way to other parts of the world, and continues to survive even today. 在他看来，这种动物去了世界上的其他地方，甚至一直存活至今。 (1)survive sth. 　　　 　 幸免于；从……中挺/活过来 survive from 从……存活下来；流传下来 A survive B (by ...) A 比 B 活得长(几年) (2)survivor n. 幸存者 survival n. [U]幸存；[C]残存物 [多角练透] 单句语法填空 ①Some strange customs have survived from earlier times. ②Officials said there were no survivors (survive) in the plane crash. ③Determining where we are in relation to our surroundings remains an essential skill for our survival (survive). (2017·江苏高考单选) 翻译句子 ④据说这位女士比她的丈夫多活了 10 年。 It's_said_that_the_woman_survived_her_husband_by_10_years. ⑤大多数人没有幸免于此，是我的队友救了我。 Most_people_don't_survive_this_and_it_is_my_team_who_saved_ my_life. Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1 ． For a sudden heart failure, the single best chance for survival (survive) is having someone nearby step in and do CPR quickly. 2 ． Expressing our sadness can get comfort and compassion from those who care about us, strengthening (strength) our bonds. 3．Mr. Black was said to be the only witness to the car accident. 4．It occurred to me that I had left the door unlocked. 5．He may possibly (possibility) decide not to come, in which case there's no problem. 6 ． Supernatural is a more limited term, referring to a supposed existence (exist) beyond the natural world. Ⅱ.单句改错 1 ． There is now convinced evidence that smoking causes lung cancer.convinced→convincing 2．Take a hat with you in case of the sun is very hot.去掉 of 3．She had a puzzling look on her face when she couldn't work out the maths problem. puzzling→puzzled 4．Jenney said that apartment was belonged to her grandfather.去掉 was 5 ． He died in 1940, but his wife survived him for another 20 years.for→by 6．In my amazement, he actually refused to help me.In→To Ⅲ.完成句子 1. The results are_due at the end of this month. 预计本月底会有结果。 2 ．It_occurred_to_me_that the phone number I had told them was wrong. 我忽然想到我告诉他们的电话号码是错的。 3．I want to reserve_an_airline_ticket from Los Angeles to Tokyo. 我要预订一张从洛杉矶到东京的机票。 4．Running can help us build_up_our_strength. 跑步可以帮助我们强健我们的体魄。 5．It_is_assumed_that most women live longer than men. 一般认为大多数女性比男性长寿。 二、过短语、句式——学通学活靓人一眼 1．show up 出现，现身；露面 [教材原句]　When Justin did not show up for lunch the next day, Mrs Foster became worried and told her husband to call the police. 当第二天午饭时，贾斯廷仍未露面，福斯特夫人开始担心了，于 是让丈夫打电话报警。 [归纳拓展] ①show sb. around/round　　　　 领某人参观 ②show sb. in/out 领某人进来/出去 ③show off 炫耀，卖弄 ④on show 展览，陈列 [应用领悟] ①We had agreed to meet at the gym, but Larry didn't show up. 我们商量好在体育馆见面，但 Larry 没有来。 ②The boss is showing us around/round his factory. 老板正领着我们参观他的工厂。 ③Taking photos of food enables people to show off and share their mealtime moments. 对食物拍照使人们能够炫耀和分享他们的进餐时刻。 ④Her main job is showing guests in and out. 她的主要工作是领客进出。 2．make up 编造，杜撰；构成，组成；弥补；化妆；和好；整 理 [教材原句]　Sometimes people made up such amazing stories. 有时人们会编造这类奇异的故事。 [一词多义]　写出下列句中 make up 的含义 ①The medical team was made up of twelve doctors.组成，构成 ②As a result, people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing.(2017·全国卷Ⅰ语法填空)弥补 ③Today it is common that women and girls make up in public.化妆 ④After they quarreled many times, it's hard for them to make up.和 好 ⑤Many stories about UFO are said to be made up.编造 ⑥They told the servants to make up a bed for the princess.整理 [归纳拓展] make up for 　　　　　　　 弥补；补偿 be made up of＝consist of＝be composed of 由……组成/构成 make out 辨认出；理解，明白 make way for 为……让路 make it 成功 The committee is made up of representatives from every state. 该委员会由来自每个州的代表组成。 I heard the voices, but couldn't make out what they were saying. 我听到有声音，却听不清他们在说些什么。 3．belong to 属于，是……的成员 [教材原句]　Large tracks have also been discovered which some people say belong to the Wild Man. 也曾发现过巨大的脚印，有人说它们属于野人。 (1)belong to 表示“是……的财产；是……的组成部分；是…… 的成员(属于)”，不能用于进行时态和被动语态。 (2)belongings n．　　　　财产；所有物；相关事物 [多角练透] 单句语法填空 ①She tells her students that the future belongs to the well­educated. ② Please take fewer belongings (belong) next time. There is little room left in our car. ③In my opinion, you'd better put the book where it belongs. 单句改错 ④ Chances are belonged to the well­prepared persons.are_belonged→belong ⑤The pen on the desk is belonging to me.is_belonging→belongs [名师指津]　belong to 不用于进行时态，但可用它的现在分词形 式作后置定语。 ⑥As is known to us all, China is a developing country belonging to the third world. 众所周知，中国是第三世界的发展中国家。 4．完全倒装结构 Standing_inside_were lots of strange creatures with white skin and large black eyes. (飞船)里面站着许多白皮肤、眼睛又黑又大的奇怪生物。 (1)当表语是分词、副词、形容词、介词短语，而主语比较长且 主语是名词时，为了保持平衡或强调表语，常把表语放在句首，引起 句子完全倒装。句型结构为“分词/副词/形容词/介词短语＋be＋主语”。 (2)表示处所、方位等的副词或介词，如 here, there, now, then, up, down, in, out, off 等放在句首，而主语是名词，且谓语动词是 be, lie, sit, stand, come, go, exist, live, rush 等不及物动词时，句子用完全倒 装。 (3)there be 句型也属于一种完全倒装句。该句型中的 be 可以替换 成表示“存在”的动词，如 live, exist, lie, stand, seem, rise, remain, happen, come, go 等。句型结构为“there＋存在类动词＋主语”。 ①Buried in the sands was_an_ancient_village. 一个古老的村庄被埋在这沙土之中。 ②Present_at_the_meeting_were the school headmaster, the English teachers, and the students' parents. 出席会议的有校长、英语教师和学生家长。 ③Out rushed_a_cat from under the bed. 从床底下跑出一只猫。 ④Then came_the_final_awards_ceremony at the end of the year. 年终颁奖典礼终于来临了。 ⑤Once upon a time there_lived_a_doctor known by the name of Hua Tuo. 从前有个名医叫华佗。 [名师指津]　当主语是人称代词时，不用倒装语序。 ⑥Look at the little dog! Here it runs. 看那条小狗！它跑过来了。 5．be said to do ...据说…… The_Yeti_is_said_to_be a large, hairy animal that walks on two feet like a human being. 据说，野人体格高大多毛，像人类一样用两脚行走。 (1)Sb.＋ be＋过去分词＋Error! (2)用于本句型的动词还有 think, believe, expect, report, consider, suppose 等。 (3)Sb. is said/thought/believed/reported/considered/supposed/... to do sth. ＝ It is said/thought/believed/reported/considered/supposed/... that ... 据说……/大家认为……/人们相信……/据报道……/大家普遍认 为……/据推测…… ①Green is said to be the most restful color. ＝It_is_said_that green is the most restful color. 据说绿色是最宁静的颜色。 ②It is reported that our country will hold a Chinese paper­cutting show this Sunday.(2017·全国卷Ⅱ满分作文) ＝ Our country is_reported_to_hold a Chinese paper­cutting show this Sunday. 据报道，我们国家这个周日将举办中国剪纸艺术展。 ③It is said that carbon dioxide is heating the earth twice as quickly as previously feared. ＝Carbon dioxide is said to_be_heating the earth twice as quickly as previously feared. 据说二氧化碳正以先前所担忧的两倍的速度加热着地球。 Ⅰ.选词填空 show up， due to， step up， make up， look into， belong to 1 ． The editor was making_up an interesting story to catch the readers' attention. 2．Her failure in the match is due_to lack of support. 3．A famous detective has been sent on the spot to look_into this matter. 4 ． They have stepped_up their efforts to search the buildings for survivors of the earthquake. 5．If you love someone, you will like all that belongs_to him or her. 6 ． We were hoping for a full team today but only five players showed_up. Ⅱ.单句改错 1．On the top of the hill standing an old temple. standing→stands 2．It was a woman who took away the bag not belonged to her by mistake. belonged→belonging 3 ． Lie across the river is a bridge built two hundred years ago. Lie→Lying 4．As far as I see, it is no possibility that he will win the tennis match this time. it→there 5．The accident was due to drive at high speed.drive→driving Ⅲ.完成句子 1．The boy is_said_to_have_learned_2,000_words_by_heart so far. 据说那个男孩到目前为止已背了 2 000 个单词。 2 ． My father often made_up_some_stories_for_me when I was a child. 我的爸爸在我小时候经常给我编一些故事。 3．Hanging on the wall are_two_paintings_by_Qi_Baishi. 墙上挂的是两张齐白石的画。 4 ． As the earthquake happened, the couple are_making_their_way_to_the_beach. 地震发生时，那对夫妇正在前往海滩的路上。 Ⅳ.句式升级 1．The house belonging to my aunt was pulled down yesterday.(用复 合句改写句子) →The_house_which/that_belongs_to_my_aunt_was_pulled_down_ yesterday. 2．The Prime Minister is thought to visit Moscow next month.(用“It ＋be＋过去分词＋that”句型改写句子) →It_is_thought_that_the_Prime_Minister_will_visit_Moscow_next _month. 3．The days when we had to keep in touch with each other by letter are gone.(用全部倒装句改写句子) →Gone_are_the_days_when_we_had_to_keep_in_touch_with_each _other_by_letter. 三、过语法、写作——写对写美高人一筹 (一)单元小语法 　　——现在完成时和现在完 成进行时 Ⅰ.用所给词的适当形式填空 1．In the past few years, great changes have_taken (take) place in my hometown. 2．Danny has_worked (work) hard for long to realize his dream and now he is popular. 3．Tom's hands are very dirty. He has_been_repairing (repair) the car. 4．All these years they have_been_contributing (contribute) articles to our magazine. 5．Li Ming went (go) abroad last year. We haven't_heard (not hear) from each other since then. Ⅱ.单句改错 1．The price of petrol had risen sharply since last month. had→has 2．The astronomer researched the UFOs for many years. researched 前加 has 3 ． The old couple heard nothing from their daughter up to now. heard 前加 have 4 ． I have been learned English since three years ago. learned→learning (二)课堂微写作 　　练缩写——让语言 更凝练 [题目要求] 美国朋友 Michael 正在一家孔子学院学习汉语和中国文化，知道 中国人很重视家风传承。他给中国学生李华写了一封电子邮件，想了 解他家的家风以及家风对他的影响。以下是李华的回复。请把它缩写 为一篇 60 词左右的邮件。 Dear Michael， I'm glad to know that you are learning Chinese language and culture.In your email you said that you wanted to know something about my family spirits. Well, there are many good qualities that have been passed from generation to generation in my family.My parents always lay emphasis on the importance of honesty, bravery, perseverance and diligence and they have set good examples for me and my brother. My family spirits have a profound influence on me. I'm always friendly to others and am always ready to help others.I always cheer up and never stop chasing my goal even though I meet with difficulties.Owing great thanks to those good qualities, I have made great achievements in my study and life. Yours， Li Hua [答案示例] Dear Michael， I'm glad to know that you are learning Chinese language and culture.Now I'll tell you something about my family spirits.My parents always lay emphasis on the importance of honesty，bravery，perseverance and diligence and they have set good examples for us. I'm always friendly to others and ready to help others.I always cheer up and never stop chasing my goal.I have made great achievements in my study and life. Yours， Li Hua 练(一)　阅读理解提速练(限时35分钟) 第一节(共 15 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 30 分) A (2018·湖南石门一中模拟)The Adler Planetarium Chicago is home to more than 35, 000 square feet of exhibits. From huge models of the Solar System, to ancient astronomical instruments, to interactive adventures, Adler's exhibit galleries provide a passageway for you to explore the universe. The Adler also offers mini science exploration activities that are quick 10­minute lessons. Visitors can learn some interesting astronomical facts at these small activity carts. The Adler Planetarium Chicago is the only museum in the world with two full­size planetarium theaters. Since 1930, the wonder of the stars has been visible in the historic Sky Theater. Powered by brand­new Digistar 3TM technology，the StarRider Theater is a completely digital, virtual (虚拟的) outer space environment. The famous Zeiss Planetarium projector is able to accurately reproduce the movement of every aspect of the night sky. Do's and Don'ts： Do Take the Bus/Train: leave the car at home for this museum trip.The Adler is located within close proximity to public transit. Don't Miss the Doane Observatory: when weather permits, the Doane is open at the Adler for observing with its 20­inch diameter telescope. Don't Miss Museum Special Events: the Adler offers a summer camp for kids from mid­June to August. Ticket Price： Adult: ＄28; child: ＄22. Book online now to save 37%. Regular Schedule： Mon.－Fri. 10 am－4 pm; Sat.－Sun. 10 am－4：30 pm Summer Hours: 9：30 am－6 pm daily. Nearest Transit: Roosevelt Metro Station Address: 1300 S Lake Shore Dr, Chicago, IL 60605 语篇解读：本文对芝加哥的阿德勒天文馆进行了简单的介绍，包 含参观时间、票价、交通等信息。 21．What's the main function of the Adler Planetarium Chicago? A．Displaying the models of the Solar System. B．Selling ancient astronomical instruments. C．Offering a passageway to explore the universe. D．Giving 10­minute lessons to visitors. 解 析 ： 选 C 　 细 节 理 解 题 。 根 据 第 一 段 的 “From huge models ...provide a passageway for you to explore the universe”可知，阿 德勒天文馆给游客提供了探索太空的途径，故选 C 项。 22．What can visitors learn in the StarRider Theater? A．The history of the Adler Planetarium Chicago. B．The wonder of the interactive adventures. C．The complicated Digistar 3TM technology. D．The movement of the stars in the night sky. 解析：选 D　细节理解题。依据第二段的最后两句可知，游客在 这里能了解到星星在夜空中的运动，因此选 D。 23 ． If you want to try the Doane Observatory, you'd better ________. A．drive your private car B．consider weather conditions C．buy a telescope in advance D．join the Adler's summer camp 解析：选 B　细节理解题。依据“Don't Miss the Doane Observatory: when weather permits ...”可知，选 B。 24．How much will a couple and two kids at least spend to visit the Adler? A．＄37.　　　　　　　　　 B．＄63. C．＄72. D．＄100. 解析：选 B　数字计算题。依据 Ticket Price 部分可知，成年人 每人 28 美元，儿童 22 美元，一对夫妇和两个孩子则是(28×2)＋ (22×2)＝100，如果在网上订，则会在总价的基础上优惠 37%，即至 少为 63 美元，故选 B。 B (2018·河南省豫南九校联考)Working up a credit score for Walter Cavanagh has got to be a mathematical nightmare — the man has nearly 1,500 valid credit cards to his name and holds the Guinness Record for the most credit cards. Mr. Plastic Fantastic — a title given to him by Guinness World Records — is also the proud owner of the world's longest wallet, which can hold about 800 cards. But he uses it only to carry a few cards, while the rest are safely kept in bank safe­deposit boxes. Cavanagh started collecting credit cards in the late 1960s. “One of my best friends and I made a silly bet: the guy who could collect the most credit cards by the end of the year would win dinner，” he said. “I got 143 cards by the end of the year, and my friend gathered 138.” After winning that bet, Cavanagh decided to simply keep going with his unusual collection. He got credit cards from gas stations, airlines, bars, and even ice cream stores. If there's one card missing from Cavanagh's collection, it's that from the Newberry Company. They repulsed his application for a card in the early 1970s, even though he'd collected over 100 by then. They said he had too much credit. Therefore, so far he hasn't had a Newberry card in his collection. Cavanagh hasn't stopped applying for new cards — he's held the Guinness Record since 1971 and has no intention of letting go of it. He copies whole pages from a U ． S. directory of businesses and keeps sending applications. If he receives a rejection, he writes back to the company explaining his goal and ambition. But he doesn't count useless cards in his total collection. Thanks to all the cards to his name, Cavanagh has access to about ＄ 1.7 million at any moment. Despite this privilege, he has managed to maintain an excellent credit score. The 72­year­old retired financial planner and credit expert has only one piece of advice to share: “Never use a card to buy anything you can't pay off in a couple of months. If you don't have the_discipline,_you shouldn't have the cards.” 语篇解读：本文是记叙文。文章讲述了沃尔特·卡瓦纳拥有将近 1 500 张信用卡，信用额度高达 170 万美元，创下世界纪录。 25．Cavanagh began to collect credit cards when he ________. A．owned a very long wallet B．made a bet with his friend C．wanted to create a Guinness Record D．was treated to dinner by his friend 解析：选 B　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Cavanagh started collecting credit cards in the late 1960s. ‘One of my best friends and I made a silly bet: the guy who could collect the most credit cards by the end of the year would win dinner，’ he said”可知，自从跟朋友打赌 后，卡瓦纳就开始收集信用卡了。 26 ． What does the underlined word “repulsed” in Paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Rejected. B．Recalled. C．Repeated. D．Recognized. 解析：选 A　词义猜测题。根据第三段中的“They said he had too much credit. Therefore, so far he hasn't had a Newberry card in his collection”可知，卡瓦纳没有 Newberry Company 的卡，表明他的申请 被拒绝了，故选 A 项。 27 ． What do the underlined words “the discipline” in the last paragraph probably refer to? A．Having many cards to your own name. B．Buying things by card and paying off in time. C．Managing to own more privileges for your card. D．Using a card to buy things as many times as possible. 解析：选 B　推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Never use a card to buy anything you can't pay off in a couple of months”可知，卡瓦纳建议 人们：如果几个月内无法偿还信用卡，那人们最好别用信用卡购物， 故选 B 项。 28．What do we know about Cavanagh's cards? A．Some of them are useless. B．They are safely kept in his long wallet. C．They have brought him fame and privilege. D．Fewer new cards are added to his collections. 解析：选 C　推理判断题。根据第一段中的“holds the Guinness record for the most credit cards”及倒数第二段中的“Despite this privilege” 可知，卡瓦纳收藏的信用卡给他带来荣誉并且也使他享有一些特权。 C (2018·河南洛阳外国语学校模拟)One of the strangest features of motherhood is that the vast majority of mothers prefer to cradle their babies in the left arm. Why should this be? The obvious explanation is that the majority of mothers are right handed and they wish to keep their right hand free.Unfortunately, this explanation cannot apply, because left­handed mothers also favor their left arm for holding their babies. The precise figures are 83 percent for right­handed mothers and 73 percent for left­handed mothers. The most likely explanation is that the mother's heart is on the left side and, by holding the baby in her left arm, she is unconsciously bringing her baby closer to the sound of the heart beat. This is the sound the baby heard when it was inside the mother's womb and which is therefore an association with peace, comfort and security. Tests were carried out in nurseries where some babies were played the recorded sound of a human heart beat, and, sure enough, went to sleep twice as quickly as the others. We also know that the sound of mother's heart is quite audible inside the womb and that the unborn baby has a well­developed hearing. It is interesting that fathers show less of this left­side bias (偏爱) than mothers, suggesting that the human female is better programmed than her partner for carrying a baby. Alternatively, she may unconsciously adjust her holding behavior to make baby fell more secure. Some new observations on our closest animals' relatives, the chimpanzees and gorillas, have revealed that they also show a strong bias for holding their babies on the left side. The precise figures were 84 percent for chimpanzees and 82 percent for gorillas, remarkably close to the human percentages. Recently a possible additional value in cradling babies on the left side has been suggested. It has been pointed out that, because, the two sides of the brain are concerned with different aspects of behavior, it is possible that the mother, in cradling the baby to her left, is showing the baby her “best side”．It is claimed that the emotions are expressed more strongly on the left side of the human face and that she therefore gives the baby a better chance to read her emotional mood changes as it gazes up at her. Furthermore, the mother's left eye and ear are more tuned into emotional changes in her baby than her right eye and ear would be. So in addition to the baby's seeing the more expressive parts of its mother, there is further advantage that the mother herself is more sensitive to the left­held baby. This may sound far­fetched, but just possibly, it could provide a slight extra benefit for those mothers displaying the strange one­sided bias when cradling their infants. How does a bias occur? Do the mothers have an instinctive preference for it, or do they learn it by trial and error, unconsciously adjusting the position of the babies until the babies are calmer? The surprising answer is that it seems to be the baby not the mother who controls the bias. Observation of new born infants when they were only a few hours old revealed that they come into the world with a pre­programmed tendency to turn their head to the right. If the new born baby is gently held in a dead central position and then released, it naturally swings to the right far more often than to the left. This happens in nearly 70 percent of babies. This may be only a part of explanation, because the holding bias is 80 percent not 70 percent, but it adds a further intriguing chapter to the story. 语篇解读：本文讨论的是为什么大多数母亲都是左手抱婴儿。 29．How does the author develop Paragraph 1? A．By giving an example as a hook. B．By giving a general statement and narrowing it down. C．By asking a question and showing an answer. D．By explaining the importance of understanding a phenomenon. 解析：选 C　写作手法题。根据第一段中的“Why should this be? The obvious explanation is that the majority of mothers are right handed and they wish to keep their right hand free.”可知， 第一句说明一个现 象，并对此提出疑问，然后进行解释。由此可知，选项 C 符合题意。 30 ． The underlined word “audible”in Paragraph 3 means ________. A．soft B．clear C．weak D．distant 解析：选 B　词义猜测题。根据第三段中的“...and that the unborn baby has a well­developed hearing”可知，还在子宫内未出生的婴儿有 着发育健全的听力系统。由此可推知，B 项符合语境，即婴儿在子宫 内时，母亲的心跳声是很清晰的。 31．What's the main idea of Paragraph 5? A．The left side of the human face expresses emotions more strongly than the right. B．A mother's left eye and ear are more sensitive to the emotional changes in her baby. C．A baby may be more able to “read” its mother's emotions than was previously believed. D ． Holding her baby in the left arm may improve a mother's emotional communication with it. 解析：选 D　段落大意题。根据第五段中的“It is claimed that the emotions are expressed more strongly on the left side of the human face and that she therefore gives the baby a better chance to read her emotional mood changes as it gazes up at her.”可知，人的左半边脸的表 情更加丰富，更有利于和孩子进行感情交流和沟通。因此 D 项符合 语境。 32．What is the author's tone when he discusses why most mothers cradle their babies in the left arm? A．Cautious. B．Disapproving. C．Subjective. D．Favorable. 解析：选 A　推理判断题。根据文章里多处出现的语气不确定的 词可知，作者探讨为什么大多数母亲都是左手抱婴儿这一问题的态度 是比较谨慎的。例如第二段中 most likely explanation，第五段中的 a possible additional value, it is possible that ..., but just possibly ...以及第 六段中的 This may be only a part of explanation ...等。 D Alibaba started taking the lead in China by connecting big Chinese manufacturers ( 制 造 商 ) with big buyers across the world.Its business­to­business site, Alibaba.com allowed businesses to buy almost everything.Alibaba's advantage wasn't hard to judge: size.Alibaba is just big, even by Chinese standards.Its market attracts about 231 million active buyers, 8 million sellers, 11.3 billion orders a year — and Alibaba is just the middleman.It encourages people to use its markets — not charging small sellers a percentage of the sale. If you want a quick look into the influence of Alibaba on Chinese daily life, take my experience.I moved to Beijing a year ago and quickly got tired of visiting small stores across the crowded, polluted city of 20 million people in search of new electronics, bathroom furnishings, and anything else my wife wanted.“You're looking for what exactly？Why not try it ？ ” my Chinese teacher asked me one day.With that, my wonderful new relationship with Alibaba began. Alibaba's original business­to­business model now is second to consumer buying.Chinese retail ( 零 售 ) buying makes up 80% of Alibaba's profit, and leading that group is Taobao, with 800 million items for sale and the most unbelievable selection of things you'll never find.Tmall.com is Alibaba's another big site, where you can find brand­name goods from Nike to Unilever almost at the lowest prices. What I have a hard time explaining to friends and family back in the U ． S. is how China has gone beyond traditional shopping — big­box retailers especially — in favor of online purchases on Taobao and a few other sites.In smaller towns than Beijing, Taobao will be the first choice when shopping online. I have a list of some of my recent purchases on Taobao for a sense of how wide the marketplace is.Almost everything arrived a day or two after ordering with free shipping.I'm not even a big buyer, because I need friends to help me search the Chinese­language site. 语篇解读：本文主要介绍了阿里巴巴对人们的购物产生的巨大影 响，它已经深入到人们日常生活的方方面面。 33．We know from the passage that Alibaba ________. A．acts as a bridge between the buyers and sellers B．charges small sellers on its site a percentage of the sale C．sells everything you want online D．has taken the place of traditional stores 解析：选 A　推理判断题。由第一段第一句“... by connecting big Chinese manufacturers with big buyers across the world.”可知，阿里巴巴 的运营模式是将制造商与买家联系起来，由此推断出阿里巴巴起到了 桥梁的作用，故选 A 项。 34．What can be inferred from the last 3 paragraphs? A．Taobao sells millions of items with the lowest price. B．Alibaba's profit mainly consists of Chinese retail buying. C．Tmall.com is more popular than Taobao. D．The author can purchase items on Taobao without any difficulty now. 解析：选 B　推理判断题。由第三段第二句“Chinese retail buying makes up 80% of Alibaba's profit ...”可知，中国人的零售购买占了阿 里巴巴利润的 80%，故选 B 项。 35．What is the passage mainly about? A．Taobao, the best choice for shopping online in China. B．Alibaba influences people's daily purchase in China. C．Shopping online goes beyond traditional shopping in China. D．How the author learns to purchase online in China. 解析：选 B　主旨大意题。根据全文可知，本文主要论述了阿里 巴巴对人们日常购物产生的巨大影响，故选 B 项。 第二节(共 5 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 10 分) Eyes Can Speak Much meaning can be conveyed, clearly, with our eyes, so it is often said that eyes can speak. __36__ In a bus you may look at a stranger, but not for too long. And if he senses that you are staring at him, he may feel uncomfortable. The same is true in our daily life. If you are stared at for more than necessary, you will look at yourself up and down to see if there is anything wrong with you. __37__ Eyes do speak, right? Looking too long at someone may seem to be rude and aggressive. __38__ If a man stares at a woman for more than 10 seconds and refuses to look away from her, his intentions are obvious. He wishes to attract her attention and let her know that he is admiring her. However, when two people are engaged in a conversation, the speaker will only look into the listener's eyes from time to time to make sure that the listener does pay attention to what the former is speaking. __39__ If a speaker looks at you continuously when speaking as if trying to control you, you will feel awkward. A poor liar usually exposes himself by looking too long at the victim. He wrongly believes that looking straight in the eye is a sign of honest communication. __40__ Actually, eye contact should be made based on specific relationships and situations. A．On the contrary, it will give him away. B．Do you have such kind of experience? C．That's what normal eye contact is all about. D．Actually, continuous eye contact is limited to lovers only. E．After all, nobody likes to be stared at for quite a long time. F．But things are different when it comes to staring at the opposite sex. G．If nothing goes wrong, you will feel annoyed at being stared at that way. 语篇解读：本文具体介绍了在不同的情况下，不同关系的人之间 要做不同的眼神交流。因为我们的眼睛可以清楚地传达出我们的想法， 所以说眼睛会说话。 36．解析：选 B　该空后面两句话是说在公共汽车上盯着陌生人 看的情况。B 项意为 “你有过这样的经历吗？”，设空处提出问题， 紧接着给出回答，上下文语义连贯。故选 B 项。 37．解析：选 G　根据上一句中的“to see if there is anything wrong with you (去看看是不是自己哪里有问题)”可知，G 项“如果没有什 么问题，别人用那样的方式盯着你会让你感到恼怒。”符合语境。故 选 G 项。 38．解析：选 F　根据设空处后的“If a man stares at a woman ... are obvious.”可知，F 项“但是如果盯着异性，那就要另当别论了。”起 到了承上启下的作用，故选 F 项。 39．解析：选 C　该空上一句主要讲在两个人交谈的时候，要不 时地进行眼神交流以确保对方在注意听你说话。C 项意为“那就是正 常的眼神交流。”，句中 That 指代的就是上一句所说内容，语意连贯。 故选 C 项。 40．解析：选 A　空前讲的是一个说谎的人错误地认为一直看着 对方能够表现出自己的诚实。A 项“那样反而出卖了他。”符合语境。 故选 A 项。 练(二)　语言知识运用保分练(限时30分钟) 第一节(共 20 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 30 分) (2018·江西赣州四校模拟)Chris Marlow, a minister and father of two, would say that his life prior to 2009 was good but ordinary. Then a mission trip to Zimbabwe turned his entire world__41__upside down, and he returned to his home in North Carolina a(n)__42__ man. It was on this trip that Marlow was faced with the__43__ of extreme poverty that showed itself determinedly in the faces of __44__ children begging for food. One orphaned boy, in particular, who slept on the concrete floor of an__45__ gas station with dozens of other orphaned children, __46__ the direction of Marlow's life's work forever. The young boy begged Marlow to allow him to work for him__47__ food, as he had not eaten for days and was starving. It was an__48__ that Marlow could not forget as he spent the following days of the trip driving through dusty roads and desperation, __49__ to find a way to feed the hungry orphans. Marlow went on to found Help One Now, a non­profit organization that__50__ ordinary people to help provide food, shelter, and education to poor children in Africa, Haiti, and around the world through__51__ acts of generosity. In 2016 he published his first book, Doing Good is Simple, the story of his transformative experience with the reality of severe poverty, as a __52__ for others looking to make a positive__53__ in the world from right where they are. The book does more than__54__ people to do good — it puts the suggestion into action with every__55__. “Early on, we decided that we would use the profits of Doing Good Is Simple to__56__ meals to children in our communities around the world ， ” Marlow explains.“Every book that is__57__ will provide five meals to children in one of our communities. In the first 30 days after the book's __58__， we hit over 30,000 meals.” Help One Now is__59__ working to aid Haiti in the disaster relief of Hurricane Matthew.“We encourage those interested in working with the__60__ to think of ways to help that fit their individual personalities and lifestyles，” he says. “And we also love to see you advocate for us.” 语篇解读：克里斯·马洛是一位牧师和两个孩子的父亲，2009 年 去津巴布韦的传教之旅颠覆了他的世界观，改变了他的人生。于是， 他创立了非营利性组织“现在帮助一个”，号召人们通过简单的慷慨 行为向非洲、海地以及世界各地的贫困儿童提供食物、住所和教育。 41．A.economy　　　　　　　　 B．map C．view D．tour 解析：选 C　然后，去津巴布韦的传教之旅颠覆了他的整个世界 观。view 意为“观点，看法，见解”；economy 意为“经济”；map 意 为“地图”；tour 意为“旅行，观光”。 42．A.astonished B．changed C．inspired D．confused 解析：选 B　他回到了北卡罗来纳的家，完全变了一个人。 changed 意为“变化的，改变的”；astonished 意为“感到惊讶的，十 分惊奇的”；inspired 意为“有创造力的，有灵感的”；confused 意为“糊 涂的，困惑的”。 43．A.atmosphere B．shape C．addition D．reality 解析：选 D　根据下文第 12 空前的“the reality of severe poverty” 可知，在这次行程中，马洛面临着极端贫困的现实。reality 意为“现 实，事实，真实情况”；atmosphere 意为“空气，大气；气氛，氛 围”；shape 意为“形状，外形”；addition 意为“增加，添加”。 44．A.starving B．crying C．struggling D．running 解析：选 A　根据下文的“begging for food”可知，极端贫困的现 实断然表现在乞讨食物的挨饿的孩子的脸上。starving 意为“挨饿的， 饥饿的”；crying 意为“哭泣的”；struggling 意为“努力的，奋斗的”； running 意为“奔跑的”。 45．A.abolished B．acquired C．attached D．abandoned 解析：选 D　特别是一个孤儿，他和许多其他孤儿一起睡在一座 废弃的加油站的水泥地上。abandoned 意为“舍弃不用的，无人居住 的；废弃的，遗弃的”；abolished 意为“废除的”；acquired 意为“获 得的，习得的；后天的”；attached 意为“附属的；依恋的”。 46．A.shifted B．blocked C．took D．pulled 解析：选 A　这个孤儿永远地改变了马洛一生工作的方向。shift 意为“(使)改变，发生变化；(使)移动，转移”；block 意为“阻挡， 阻塞，阻止”；take 意为“拿，取，带走”；pull 意为“拉，拖，拿 出”。 47．A.in return for B．in favour of C．in exchange for D．in search of 解析：选 C　这个小男孩乞求马洛允许自己为他工作以换取食物。 in exchange for 意为“交换”；in return for 意为“作为……的回报”； in favour of 意为“支持，赞成”；in search of 意为“搜寻，寻找”。 48．A.interruption B．interval C．interview D．interaction 解析：选 D　这是一次马洛无法忘记的相互交流，因为他接下来 的行程都是在开车穿过尘土飞扬的道路和绝望中度过的。interaction 意为“相互交流，相互沟通，互动；相互影响，相互作用”；interruption 意为“打断，中断”；interval 意为“间隔，中场休息”；interview 意 为“采访，访谈；面试，面谈”。 49．A.convinced B．determined C．prepared D．satisfied 解析：选 B　他下定决心要找到养活这些孤儿的办法。determined 意为“下定决心的，决意的，坚定的”；convinced (of sth.)意为“确信 的，深信的，坚信的”；prepared 意为“准备好的，有准备的；愿意 的”；satisfied 意为“满意的，满足的”。 50．A.reminds B．equips C．requires D．permits 解析：选 B　马洛接着创立了非营利性组织“现在帮助一个”， 该组织使普通人有能力向非洲、海地以及世界各地的贫困儿童提供食 物、住所和教育。equip 意为“使有能力，使做好准备；装备，配 备”；remind 意为“提醒；使回想起”；require 意为“要求，需要”；permit 意为“允许，准许，许可”。 51．A.brief B．graceful C．simple D．courageous 解析：选 C　通过简单的慷慨行为普通人能向非洲、海地以及世 界各地的贫困儿童提供食物、住所和教育。simple 意为“简单的，单 纯的”；brief 意为“短暂的，简短的；简洁的，简明的”；graceful 意 为“优美的，优雅的”；courageous 意为“勇敢的，无畏的，有胆量 的”。 52．A.measure B．rule C．tool D．guide 解析：选 D　他于 2016 年出版了他的第一本书《行善是简单 的》，书中讲述了他对严重贫困的现实进行改造的经历，这可以作为 对其他人的指导。guide 意为“指导，指南”；measure 意为“措施， 方法”；rule 意为“规则，规定”；tool 意为“工具，用具”。 53．A.decision B．request C．difference D．comment 解析：选 C　其他人希望根据他们自身的实际情况对世界产生积 极的影响。make a difference 意为“有影响，起作用”。difference 意 为“影响，作用”；decision 意为“决定，抉择”；request 意为“要求， 请求”；comment 意为“评论，意见”。 54．A.encourage B．entitle C．allow D．appoint 解析：选 A　这本书不只是鼓励人们去行善。encourage 意为“鼓 励，激励”；entitle 意为“给……命名；给予……权利，使有资格”； allow 意为“允许，准许”；appoint 意为“任命，委派；约定，确 定”。 55．A.attempt B．purchase C．publication D．adoption 解析：选 B　根据下文的“use the profits of Doing Good Is Simple” 可知，每购买一本书都是将行善的建议付诸行动。purchase 意为“购 买，购买行为，所购之物”；attempt 意为“尝试，企图”；publication 意为“出版，发行；公布，发布”；adoption 意为“采用，采纳；收 养，领养”。 56．A.submit B．contribute C．pass D．provide 解析：选 D　根据下文的 provide five meals to children 可知，一 开始我们决定将《行善是简单的》这本书的利润用于向世界各地的社 区的儿童提供食物。provide 意为“提供，供应”；submit 意为“提交， 递呈；顺从，屈服”；contribute 意为“贡献；捐赠”；pass 意为“经 过，走过；通过”。 57．A.written B．sold C．read D．bought 解析：选 B　每卖一本书所得的利润就能为我们一个社区的儿童 提供五顿饭。sell 意为“卖，销售”；write 意为“写，写作”；read 意 为“读，阅读”；buy 意为“买，购买”。 58．A.release B．recovery C．reservation D．registration 解析：选 A　在书发行后的前三十天里，我们所获得的利润累计 可供我们提供三万顿饭。release 意为“发行，发布，推出”；recovery 意为“恢复，康复，复苏”；reservation 意为“保留，预定”；registration 意为“登记，注册”。 59．A.eventually B．annually C．currently D．permanently 解析：选 C　由于飓风“马修”造成的灾难，现在“帮助一个” 这个组织正在努力地援助海地的救灾工作。currently 意为“目前，现 在”；eventually 意为“最终，最后”；annually 意为“每年地，一年一 次地”；permanently 意为“永久地，永恒地”。 60．A.organization B．community C．corporation D．government 解析：选 A　根据上文的“Help One Now, a non­profit organization” 可知，我们鼓励那些有兴趣跟这个组织合作的人想出一些符合他们的 个性和生活方式的办法来提供帮助。organization 意为“组织，机构， 团体”；community 意为“社区，社会”；corporation 意为“公司，企 业”；government 意为“政府；治理，执政”。 第二节(共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 15 分) Hospitals haven't always been clean and quiet places. Long ago they were dirty and crowded. Nurses were never taught__61__ to look after their patients and many people died. It was Florence Nightingale who changed all this. Florence was born in 1820. As a child, she often went with her mother__62__ (visit) the poor people.They took food and medicine to the sick. It was these visits that first gave her the idea of becoming__63__ nurse. Her chance came in 1854 when Britain went to war with Russia. Florence__64__ (ask) by the government to take a group of nurses to look after the sick and the __65__ (wound). The hospitals were dirty, and there wasn't enough medicine. Florence and her team worked very hard, __66__ (clean) the hospital rooms and made the bed every day. At night, she would go from room to room, __67__ (check) on the patients. She often stayed to talk to the patients and provided comfort__68__ them. After the war, Florence opened a school to teach nurses to look after their patients__69__ (proper). However, she never really made a full__70__ (recover) from the illness that she had in the war, and she died in 1910. 语篇解读：本文是对护理事业的创始人、现代护理教育的奠基人 弗洛伦斯·南丁格尔的介绍。 61．how　考查疑问词。根据语境，此处指以前的护士从未被教 过要如何照顾病人，故用 how。 62．to visit　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处为不定 式短语在句中作目的状语。 63．a　考查冠词。根据语境可知，此处表泛指，指“成为一名 护士”，故应用不定冠词 a。 64．was asked　考查时态和语态。此处说的是发生在过去的事情， 应用一般过去时；又根据空后的“by the government”可知，Florence 与 ask 之间是被动关系，应用被动语态。 65．wounded　考查词性转换。“the＋adj.”是固定用法，表示 一类人，故填 wounded。 66．cleaned　考查时态。分析句子结构可知，此处与 worked 和 made 并列作句子的谓语，故也应用一般过去时。 67．checking　考查非谓语动词。check 与其逻辑主语 she 之间 是主动关系，故应用现在分词短语作伴随状语。 68．for　考查介词。根据语境可知，此处指的应是“她给他们 提供慰藉”，provide sth. for sb.＝provide sb. with sth.。 69．properly　考查词性转换。空处修饰 look after, 应用副词形 式。 70．recovery　考查词性转换。根据语境及空前的“a full”可知此 处应用名词形式。 练(三)　写作规范增分练(限时35分钟)与单元基础回扣练 Ⅰ.写作规范增分练 第一节：短文改错(共 10 小题；每小题 1 分，满分 10 分) (2018·黑龙江佳木斯模拟)In couple of weeks, we'll say goodbye to our school. Now this is really hard to put my feelings into words.The past three years has general been a wonderful journey with you guys.To make the journey good and safer, our teachers had contributed their time and energy. We are grateful to what you, dear teachers, have done for us. No matter whether unwilling we are, we will depart soon. And it is not the end. It just means it's time to begin a new journey. Finally, on behalf of all the graduate here, let me to extend our sincere wishes for our school and to our teachers. Thank you! 答案：第一句：In 后加 a 第二句：this→it 第三句：general→generally 第四句：good→better; had→have 第五句：to→for 第六句：whether→how 第七句：And→But 第九句：graduate→graduates; 去掉 extend 前的 to 第二节：书面表达(满分 25 分) 假定你是李华，你的美国朋友 Peter 最近在某电视台举办的汉语 演讲比赛中获得了第一名，他给了你重要的人生启迪。请写信向他表 示祝贺与感谢。 注意：1.词数 100 左右； 2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 参考范文： Dear Peter， Congratulations to you on your winning first place in the Chinese Speech Competition held recently. It is no wonder that you have made such great progress in your Chinese study, because you have always been working hard and are never willing to give up. To be honest, what I admire most is your hard work and determination.It's from you that I have learned a valuable lesson, that is, “No pains, no gains.” Therefore, I would like to express my sincere thanks to you for what you have taught me. Wish you more advance in your study! Yours， Li Hua Ⅱ.单元基础回扣练 (一)单句语法填空 1．I attended a small club belonging (belong) to the local community. 2．It is generally assumed that stress is caused by too much work. 3．We were expecting thirty people to come, but half of them never showed up. 4．Let me, as a witness, tell them what happened so that they will not be wrongly informed. 5．The man they arrested last night has been charged with murder. (二)单句改错 1．Five ladies were noticed go out of the company office building. 在 noticed 后加 to 2．Assumed that my advice is accepted, I will carry out the task at once. Assumed→Assuming 3．The girl had a puzzling look on her face when she couldn't work out the maths problem.puzzling→puzzled 4 ． You should give some evidence to make yourself convincing.convincing→convinced 5．In my opinion, it is no possibility that he will win the match this time.it→there (三)完成句子 1．Her daughter is_said_to_be_studying in America. 据说她的女儿正在美国学习。 2 ． At the school gate sat_an_old_woman,_waiting to see her grandson. 一个老太太坐在校门口，等着看望她的孙子。 3．Do_call_your_parents when you get to Peking University. 你到北京大学后务必给你的父母打电话。 4．It_occurred_to_me_that I had left my umbrella upstairs. 我突然想起来我把伞忘在楼上了。 5．I won't go to the party_unless_(I_am)_invited. 我不去宴会，除非我被邀请。