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句法
篇
—
从句与句式
2019
届二轮复习短文语法填空专题
经典品味
洞察考向
专题精析
考点突破
内容索引
精选模拟
强化训练
经典品味 洞察考向
考查定语从句关系代词的用法。先行词为指物的
mountain tops and dark waters
，关系词在从句中作主语，因此答案为
that/which
。
考点一 定语从句
Ⅰ.
语法填空考点聚焦
考向
1
关系代词引导的限制性定语从句
I
’
d skipped nearby Guilin
，
a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River
are
pictured by artists in so many Chinese paintings.(2015·
全国
Ⅰ
)
典题 试做
that/which
答案
解析
根据句子结构可以判断，在这里应填关系词来引导一个定语从句，修饰表地点的先行词
the market
，故填关系副词
where
。
考向
2
“
介词＋
whom/which
”
或关系副词引导的限制性定语从句
1.When harvest came around
，
he was already selling herbs
，
vegetables and cotton in the market
people from the towns met regularly.(2015·
广东
)
答案
解析
where
此处是一个定语从句，缺少关系代词，因为先行词为
other people
，指的是人，而且与介词
to
连用，所以填
whom
。
2.Behind him were other people to
______
he
was trying to talk
，
but after some minutes they walked away and sat near me
，
looking annoyed
.
(
2011·
广东
)
答案
解析
whom
考查定语从句的引导词。先行词是表示时间的
the mid-1980s
，且从句中缺少状语，故填关系副词
when
。
考向
3
关系代词或关系副词引导的非限制性定语从句
1.But my connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s,
I was the first Western TV reporter permitted to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild.(2016·
全国
Ⅰ
)
答案
解析
when
考查定语从句的引导词。后面是非限制性定语从句，先行词指人，且在从句中作主语，故填
who
。
2.Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius
，
____
lived from roughly 551 to 479 B.C.
，
influenced the development of chopsticks.(2016·
全国
Ⅲ
)
答案
解析
who
由逗号可知此处是一个非限制性定语从句，修饰前面整个句子所表述的内容，故用
which
引导。
3.Of course whenever they turned to look at him
，
they had to look at Mary
，
made her feel like a star.(2012·
广东
)
答案
解析
which
句法错误。分析句子结构可知，
dishes
后跟的是定语从句，
what
不能引导定语从句，应用
that/which
引导。引导词在定语从句中作
cooked
的宾语，可以省略，因此也可以把
what
删除。
Ⅱ.
短文改错考点聚焦
(
每小题
1
处错误
)
考向
1
限制性定语从句中关系代词与关系副词的误用
The dishes
what I
cooked were Mom
’
s favorite.(2016·
四川
)
which/that
或
The dishes what I cooked were Mom
’
s favorite.
答案
解析
考查定语从句。
which
可以引导非限制性定语从句，
that
不可。
考向
2
非限制性定语从句中关系代词的误用
Having tea in the late afternoon provides a bridge between lunch and dinner
，
that might not be served until 8 o
’
clock at
night.
(
2013·
新课标全国
Ⅱ
)
答案
解析
which
此处考查
which
引导的定语从句，
which
在从句中作主语，从句是主系表结构，句子成分齐全，
for
在此处多余，故应删除。
考向
3
“
介词＋关系代词
”
的错用、多余或遗漏
1.Third
，
we should find ways to reuse the water used in washing
，
especially bath water for which is quite a lot
，
and that will save much water
.(
2012·
大纲全国
Ⅱ
)
答案
解析
考查非限制性定语从句中
“
代词＋
of
＋关系代词
”
，因关系词指人，并且作
of
的宾语，只能用
whom
，不能用
who
。
2.There
，
Katia will introduce me to some of her friends
，
one of who has been to China several times.I just can
’
t wait.(2011·
重庆
)
答案
解析
whom
分析句子结构可知，这是一个宾语从句。根据形容词
thick
及结构可知，这里的意思是印第安人要算出土坯墙的确切厚度。空格后为形容词，因此空格上应用副词，故填
how
。
考点二 名词性从句
Ⅰ.
语法填空考点聚焦
考向
1
宾语从句中的连接词
1.As natural architects
，
the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly
____
thick
the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days
.
(
2015·
全国
Ⅱ
)
答案
解析
how
考查宾语从句中的连接词。
“
我
”
不知道
/
不明白
会发生这样的事情。不明白的一定是原因，故用
why
引导。
2.I didn
’
t understand
this would happen and my credit card had already been charged for the reservation.(2014·
广东
)
答案
解析
why
所填词引导宾语从句，同时在从句中作
do
的宾语，故填
what
。
3.The new boy looked at the teacher for a few seconds and all the other students wondered
the boy would do.(2012·
广东
)
答案
解析
what
考向
2
主语从句中的连接词
(
近几年未考
)
考向
3
表语从句中的连接词
(
近几年未考
)
考向
4
同位语从句中的连接词
(
近几年未考
)
考查宾语从句的连接词。由句子结构可知，介词
to
之后为宾语从句，而宾语从句中缺少地点状语。故用
where
引导。
Ⅱ.
短文改错考点聚焦
(
每小题
1
处错误
)
考向
1
连接词的错用
1.My uncle is the owner of a restaurant close to that I live.(2016·
全国
Ⅰ
)
答案
解析
where
句意为：
……
他转过身发现父母不见了。由句意可知，宾语从句句意完整，所以应该用
that
引导从句或省略。
2.After looking at the toy for some time
，
he turned around and found
where his
parents were missing.(2015·
全国
Ⅱ
)
that
或
After
looking at the toy for some time
，
he turned around and found
where
his parents were missing
.
答案
解析
考查表语从句。
improve
既可以作及物动词又可以作不及物动词，故可以为
“
我需要提高的地方
(where)
”
，也可以为
“
我需要提高的内容
(what)
”
。
3.This is how I need to improve in the future.(2013·
大纲全国
)
答案
解析
what/where
考查表语从句中的连接词。
what
作
say
的宾语，指其他老师说话的内容。
4.
“
He has ruined his health.We are worried about him.
”
That is which other teachers say.(2013·
辽宁
)
答案
解析
what
考查宾语从句中的连接词。
that
后为陈述式的宾语从句，作
notice
的宾语，从句中不缺成分，因此
when
是多余的，应删除。
考向
2
连接词的多余与其他
If you notice that when someone is missing or hurt
，
tell your teacher immediately.(2014·
四川
)
答案
解析
句意为：是时候再生一个孩子了，熊猫宝宝也到独立的时候了。
It was time for...
和
it was also time for...
之间是并列关系，故用
and
连接。
考点三 并列句和状语从句
Ⅰ.
语法填空考点聚焦
考向
1
并列句中的连词
1.It was time for her to have a new baby
，
it was also time for the young panda to be independent.(2016·
四川
)
答案
解析
and
a few days
和
a few months
为选择关系，因此要用
or
连接。
2.But the river wasn
’
t changed in a few days
even a few months
.
(
2014·
新课标全国
Ⅰ
)
答案
解析
or
not...but...
为固定结构，表示
“
不是
……
而是
……”
。
3.We were told that our rooms hadn
’
t been reserved for that week
，
___
for
the week after.(2014·
广东
)
答案
解析
but
neither...nor
既不
……
也不
……
，为固定搭配。
4.So Nick called to his son
，
“
Go to the village and buy some salt
，
but pay a fair price for it
：
neither too much
too little.
”
(2013·
广东
)
答案
解析
nor
as/when
当
……
时，随着
……
。
考向
2
状语从句中的连词
1.Over time
，
the population grew
，
people began cutting food into small pieces so it would cook more quickly.(2016·
全国
Ⅲ
)
答案
解析
as/when
根据语境可知，
when(
当
……
时
)
和
if(
如果
)
用在此处都合适。句意为：当它哭的时候
/
如果它哭了，熊猫妈妈会来回摇晃它，轻轻拍打，给它安慰。
2.The mother(panda)held the baby in her front paws much the way a human does.
it cried
，
she rocked it back and forth and gave it little comforting pats.(2016·
四川
)
答案
解析
When/If
be doing sth
. when
...
正在做某事这时
……
。
when
意思是
“
正在这时
”
。
3.One day
，
the cow was eating grass
it began to rain heavily
.
(
2015·
广东
)
答案
解析
when
句意为：
……
如果你不介意，我要停下来做一下深呼吸。根据句意可知，应填
if
引导条件状语从句。
4.Unbelievable! Oh...
，
you don
’
t mind
，
I
’
ll stop and take a deep breath.(2014·
辽宁
)
答案
解析
if
考查并列连词的用法。根据句意可知，二者之间为并列关系而非选择关系。
Ⅱ.
短文改错考点聚焦
(
每小题
1
处错误
)
考向
1
并列句中并列连词的错用或缺失
1.Every day he makes sure that fresh vegetables or high quality oil are used for cooking.(2016·
全国
Ⅰ
)
答案
解析
and
考查连词的用法。如果呆在家里，感觉舒适，还不花钱。根据句意可知，此处应是并列关系，而不是转折关系。
2.We can choose between staying at home and taking a trip.If we stay at home
，
it is comfortable but
there
is no need to spend money
.
(
2016·
全国
Ⅱ
)
答案
解析
and
行文逻辑错误。
has a full-time job
与
has to do most of the housework
之间是转折关系，故将
so
改为
but
。
3.Mom has a full-time job
，
so she has to do most of the housework
.
(
2016·
四川
)
答案
解析
but
句中
which
引导的是定语从句，修饰主句
He had a deep voice
，而主句与从句后的分句
he was strong and powerful
之间缺少连词，根据他们的并列关系，确定第二个
he
前加
and
。
4.He had a deep voice
，
which set him apart from others in our small town
，
he was strong and powerful.(2013·
新课标全国
Ⅰ
)
答案
解析
∧
and
句意为：我所犯的唯一的错误就是当我包装饼干的时候，掉在了地上一些。
when
/while
当
……
的时候，
after
在
……
之
后。根据句意应将
after
改为
when/
while
。
考向
2
状语从句中连词的错用
1.My only mistake was that I dropped some on the floor after I was packing them up.(2015·
陕西
)
答案
解析
when/while
考查状语从句的引导词。句意为：尽管在那个教室学习时我仅仅是一个孩子，但我永远忘不了它。根据句意，应将
if
改为
although
或
though
。
2. If I was only a child when I studied in that classroom
，
I will never forget it.(2015·
浙江
)
答案
解析
Although/Though
as many...as we can
为固定句式，
as
引导比较状语从句。
3.And it is wise to have as many good friends that we can
.
(
2014·
大纲全国
)
答案
解析
as
句意为：等候了大约半个小时后，我开始不耐烦了。故应把
Before
改为
After
。
4. Before waiting for about half an hour
，
I was beginning to get impatient
.(
2013·
陕西
)
答案
解析
After
whenever
引导状语从句，从句缺少主语
I
。
考向
3
状语从句中连词的重复、缺失与其他
1.At last
，
I will be on my own
，
but I still want to have my parents to turn to whenever need help.(2016·
全国
Ⅲ
)
答案
解析
∧
I
在让步状语从句中，
although
不可以与
but
连用，但可以与
yet
连用。
2.Although we allow tomato plants to grow in the same place year after year
，
but we
have never had any disease or insect attack problems
.
(
2014·
新课标全国
Ⅰ
)
yet
或
Although
we allow tomato plants to grow in the same place year after year
，
but
we have never had any disease or insect attack problems
.
答案
解析
句中
during
为介词，不可以连接两个并列的句子，根据逻辑关系，后一个分句应为
when
引导的时间状语从句。故
during
应改为
when
。
3.In fact
，
he even scared my classmates away during they came over to play or do homework with me.(2013·
新课标全国
Ⅰ
)
答案
解析
when
考查主谓一致。本句的主语为动名词短语
leaving the less...
，动名词短语作主语谓语要用单数第三人称形式，且这里说的是一个客观事实，故要用
is
。
考点四 主谓一致和特殊句式
Ⅰ.
语法填空考点聚焦
考向
1
主谓一致
Leaving the less important things until tomorrow
__
(
be) often acceptable
.
(
2016·
全国
Ⅱ
)
答案
解析
is
考向
2
强调句
(
近几年未考
)
考向
3
省略句
(
近几年未考
)
考向
4
感叹句
(
近几年未考
)
考查主谓一致。这句话的主语是
we
，谓语应用复数
。
Ⅱ.
短文改错考点聚焦
(
每小题
1
处错误
)
考向
1
主谓不一致
1.He would ask who we was and pretend not to know us.(2016·
浙江
)
答案
解析
were
考查主谓一致。
work
为不可数名词，谓语动词用单数。
2.Hard work have made him very ill.(2013·
辽宁
)
答案
解析
has
考查主谓一致。
There be
应该与其后主语
a sudden pull
在数上保持一致。
3.Finally
，
there were a sudden pull at the pole and a fish was caught
.
(
2013·
陕西
)
答案
解析
was
考查倒装句的谓语结构，
“
did
＋主语＋动词原形
”
，故
had
应改为
have
。
考向
2
倒装句中的结构错误
1.I couldn
’
t believe my luck—not only did I had my photo taken with him
，
but he signed his name on my shirt
！
(2011·
陕西
)
答案
解析
have
考查倒装句。
“
neither
＋助动词＋主语
”
结构中，主语应该用主格形式，故
me
应改为
I
。
2.After we left
，
I said
，
“
That was very nice of you
，
Mother.But I didn
’
t think she looked like Grandma.
”“
Neither did me
，
”
said Mother cheerfully.(2010·
浙江
)
答案
解析
I
一、句式在语法填空中的考查
并列句或复合句中的连
(
接
)
词为语法填空必考内容，句式结构的判断至关重要。
1.
并列连词：连接两个或几个词、短语或句子的并列连词有
and
，
or
，
but
，
neither...nor
，
either...or
，
whether...or
等。
2.
引导名词性从句的连接代词或连接副词
(
有意义，并在从句中作句子成分
)
，以及
that(
不作任何句子成句，没有任何意义
)
，和表示
“
是否
”
的
whether/if
。其中要特别注意连接代词
what
的意义和用法。
3.
引导定语从句的关系代词和关系副词。注意：关系词是代表先行词并在定语从句中作句子成分的
。
4.
引导状语从句的从属连词
。
完全 解读
5
.
特殊句式常考的语法项目包含主谓一致、倒装句、强调句、省略句、感叹句、祈使句等。考查形式有谓语动词的数、状语从句的省略中的非谓语动词、助动词、替代词或标志性的词等
。
应对策略
若含有两个主谓结构的句子之间没有句号或分号，也没有连词，那么空格处一定填连接词，否则，句子结构就不完整。
根据两句之间的意义和逻辑关系，或者根据句式结构，确定是并列句还是某种主从复合句。然后根据从句的特点，结合连词的意义和作用，确定填具体的某个连词。如：
一旦判断是定语从句，就根据定语从句的先行词和代表先行词的关系词在从句中作什么句子成分，来确定关系词。若在从句中作主语或宾语，就用关系代词；若作状语，就用关系副词
。
二、句式在短文改错中的考查
1.
对于定语从句的考查主要涉及限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句中关系代词或关系副词的错用。
2.
对于名词性从句的考查主要涉及连接词使用不当，缺少连接词以及
what
与
that
、
which
混用等。
3.
对于并列连词或从属连词的考查主要涉及连词使用不当，缺少连词以及多余连词
(although
不能与
but
连用，
because
不能与
so
连用
)
等情况。
4.
对于特殊句式的考查主要涉及主谓不一致、含有助动词的谓语结构错误和替代词的错用等
。
应对策略
1.
对于连词的考查，注意首先判断两个或两个以上的单词、短语或单句之间是否有连词，再根据不同的句式结构，判断连词是否运用正确。解题时，可以注意以下几个方面：
(1)
把握前后两句话之间的衔接关系，判定是并列句、名词性从句、定语从句还是状语从句，根据连词在句中作何成分，判断正误；
(2)
注意
but(
转折
)
、
and(
并列
)
、
or(
或者
/
选择
)
、
so(
因此
/
结果
)
等逻辑关系词之间的混用；
(3)
注意
although
/though/while
不与
but
连用；
since/as/because
不与
so
连用
。
2.
遇到特殊句式，要注意主谓一致、强调句、倒装句、省略句、祈使句、感叹句、反意疑问句等的构成特点
。
专题精析 考点突破
专题
1
定语从句
专题
2
名词性从句
专题
3
并列句和状语从句
专题
4
主谓一致和特殊句式
专题
1
定语从句
◆
定语从句的句法功能及相关定义
1.
功能：相当于形容词，修饰名词或代词，在句中作定语。
2.
位置：定语从句常置于被修饰词之后；
as
引导的非限制性定语从句可置于主句前、句中，也可置于主句之后。
Those who are for the plan raise your hands
，
please.
As is known to us all
，
the earth is spinning around the sun
.
3.
先行词：被定语从句修饰的词称为先行词。
先行词一般是名词和不定代词，如：
some-
，
any-
，
every-
，
no-
与
-body
，
-thing
的合成词或
all
，
none
，
any
，
some
，
that
，
those
等代词。数词和人称代词也同样可作先行词
。
4.
关系词：连接先行词与从句的词叫关系词。
关系代词：
who
，
whom
，
which
，
that
，
whose
，
as
等。
关系副词：
when
，
where
，
why
等。
◆
定语从句的核心考点
1.
确定关系词的步骤：
(1)
先找先行词，看先行词指的是什么。
(2)
看关系词在从句中所充当的成分。
注意：
先行词与关系词是等量关系。
(1)
先行词在从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的数由先行词而定。
This is the place which is worth visiting.
(2)
关系词在从句中充当了成分，其意思就是先行词的意义，所以在从句中不能重复其意。
There are many places we can visit in China.(visit
后面不能再加
many places/them
)
2.
在定语从句中，当先行词指物时，下列情况的关系词用
that
而不用
which
：
(1)
当先行词是序数词或形容词最高级或被序数词、形容词最高级修饰时。
(2)
先行词被
all
，
every
，
no
，
some
，
any
，
little
，
much
，
the only
，
the very
，
few
等修饰时。
(3)
先行词为
all
，
much
，
little
，
none
，
few
，
something
，
anything
等不定代词时。
(4)
先行词中既有人又有物时。
He was looking pleasantly at the children and parcels that filled his bus.
(5)
先行词在主句中作表语时。
The village is no longer the one that was 5 years ago.
(6)
当主句是以
which
开头的特殊疑问句时。
Which are the books that you bought for me
?
3.
用
which
而不用
that
的情况：
(1)
在非限制性定语从句中。
(2)
当关系词前有介词时。
(3)
当先行词本身是
that
时。
(4)
关系词后有插入语时
。
4.
关系词
who
与
that
指人时，根据不同情况分别用不同的关系词。
(1)
当主句是
there be
句型时，关系词用
who
。
(2)
先行词是
anyone
，
those
，
someone
，
everyone
，
one
等词时，关系词用
who
。
(3)
当主句是
who
作疑问词时，关系词用
that
。
Who is that girl that is standing by the window?
(4)whom
在从句中只作宾语，可被
who
取代
。
5.whose
作关系词既指人又指物，在从句中作定语。
Do you know Mr
. Smith
whose story is very moving?
There is a room
，
whose window faces the river
.
6.
关系代词
as
在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。
(1)
先行词被
such
和
the same
修饰，或句型
as many(much)
中，从句都用
as
引导。
Such books as you bought are useful.
The school is just the same as it was 10 years ago.
注意：
①
such...that...
引导结果状语从句。如：
They are such lovely children that we love them much.
②
the same...that...
引导定语从句。如：
I want to use the same tool that you used just now
.
(2)
先行词为句子，定语从句用
as
或
which
引导。
区别：
①
意义上：
as
含有
“
这点正如
……
一样
”
。
②
位置上：
as
从句可置于句首，也可在句中或句尾；
which
引导的非限制定语从句只能放在主句之后
。
He didn
’
t pass the exam
，
as we had expected.
There is lots of air in loose snow
，
which can keep the cold out.
As is known
，
the earth is round
.
7.
关系副词
when
，
where
，
why
when
指时间＝
in
/at/on/
during which
where
指地点＝
in
/at/
from which
why
指原因＝
for which
注意：
that
可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词之后，取代
when
，
where
，
why
和
“
介词＋
which
”
引导的定语从句，修饰的先行词常为
the way
，
the time
，
the day
，
the place
等，在口语中
that
常被省略。
I don
’
t like the way (that/in which) he talks.
This is the first time I have given you a lesson in French
.
8.
必须注意的问题：
(1)
关系词作主语时，从句中谓语的数。
(2)
注意区别定语从句与强调句。
①
定语从句中关系词作从句成分；
②
强调句中
it
无意义，
that/who
不是引导词；
③
去掉
it is
/was
和
that/
who
后，如果句子意思讲得通则是强调句，讲不通则不是。
It is the museum that/which we visited last year.(
定语从句
)
It was in the hotel that we stayed last night.(
强调句
)
(3)
定语从句与同位语从句的区别。
①
定语从句的引导词被称为关系词，
that
充当主语、宾语、表语，有时可省略。
②
同位语从句的引导词被叫做连接词，
that
不充当任何成分，不可省。
We expressed to them our wish that was the same as theirs.(
定语从句
)
Word came that their army was defeated.(
同位语从句
)
(4)
关系词在定语从句中省略的情况。
①
关系词作宾语，前无介词时；
②
关系词作表语。
(5)
关系词前有介词或复杂介词，关系词只能是
which
和
whom
。
(6)
几个特殊的定语从句句型：
①
He is the only one of the students who has got very good marks in the match.(
句中
one
为先行词
)
He is one of the students who have got good marks in the match.(
句中
students
为先行词
)
②
Is this place the one (that) we visited yesterday?
Is this the place (that/which) we visited yesterday?
③
He stood at the window
，
from where he could see what was happening.
④
It may rain
，
in which case the match will be put off
.
Ⅰ
.
单句语法填空
1.According to Dr
. Lance
Workman
，
these people may develop a temporary moral code in their minds
justifies their actions
：
there are rich people who have things I don
’
t have so it
’
s right that I take it.
2.This is the very factory
they visited last summer holiday.
3.When facing hardships
，
only those
are confident will achieve success
.
which/that
that
who
题组训练
4.That evening
，
I will tell you more about later
，
I ended up working very late.
5.I wish to thank Professor Smith
，
without
help I would never have got this far.
6.After the flooding
，
people were suffering in that area
，
urgently needed clean water
，
medicine and shelter to survive.
7.We live in an age
more information is available with greater ease than ever before.
8.The next day
，
my brother and I went to the beach
we watched some people play volleyball.
which
whose
who
when
where
9.He wrote many children
’
s books
，
nearly half of
______
were published in the 1990s.
10.We
’
ll reach the sales targets in a month
we set at the beginning of the year.
which
which/that
Ⅱ
.
单句改错
(
每小题
1
处错误
)
1.I
’
ve never heard of the people and things which you talked about just now.
2.This is the only question which has been answered
.
3.This is the museum where
we
visited last Sunday
.
that
that
which/that
或
This
is the museum where
we
visited last Sunday.
或
I
also enjoyed the evenings
when
we spent together.
4.We have made the same mistake which you made last time.
5.I shall never forget the years I spent in the country with the farmers
，
that has a great effect on my life.
6.A young man had a new girlfriend
，
who he wanted to impress
.
7.I also enjoyed the evenings
when
we spent together.
as
which
which/that
whom
8.The visitors saw rows of houses
，
the roofs of whose are red.
9.Please tell me the way
which you
did the job.
10.Little
has been done what is helpful to our work
.
which
that
∧
in
that
或
Please tell me the way which you did the job.
或
Please tell me the way which you did the job.
Ⅲ
.
语法填空
(
定语从句专练
)
Yangshuo
，
China
It was raining lightly when I arrived in Yangshuo just before dawn.But I didn
’
t care.A few hours before
，
I
’
d been at home in Hong Kong,1
.
I
breathed its choking smog.Here
，
the air was clean and fresh
，
even with the rain
.
I’d skipped nearby Guilin,2
.
is a dream place for tourists 3
.
________
seek the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River 4
.
are pictured by artists in so many Chinese paintings
.
where
which
who/that
that/which
Instead
，
I’d headed straight for Yangshuo.For those 5
.
fly to Guilin
，
it’s only an hour away by car and offers all the scenery of the better-known city.
Yangshuo is really beautiful.A study of travelers 6
.
was conducted by the website TripAdvisor names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations 7
.
are famous in the world.And the town is fast becoming a popular weekend destination for people and their families
8.
____
are in Asia.Abercrombie & Kent,9
.
_____
is a travel company in Hong Kong
，
says it regularly arranges quick getaways here for people
10.
________
live in Shanghai and Hong Kong
.
who
that/which
that/which
that
which
who/that
◆
书面表达中定语从句易错点聚焦
(
一
)
定语从句意识缺失
1.
关系代词被普通代词取代
(
误
)I have many collections of stamps
，
some of them
are my favorite.
(
正
)I have many collections of stamps
，
some of which
are my favorite.
2.
关系代词遗漏
(
误
)The last one
leaves
the classroom please close the windows.
(
正
)The last one
who leaves
the classroom please close the windows.
第一句从汉语意思角度是对的，但是汉语的干扰破坏了英语句式结构
。
(
二
)
假冒伪劣的定语从句
1.
有从无主式
(
误
)My friend Jane
，
who
is very friendly to us classmates.
(
正
)My friend Jane is very friendly to us classmates.
(
正
)My friend Jane
，
who is very friendly to us classmates
，
has a variety of hobbies
.
第一句虎头蛇尾，属于有从无主式的句子，即有从句但没有主句
。
2.
从句成分残缺式
(
误
)Those
who against
it think that it is unnecessary to move the zoos out of the city.
(
正
)Those
who are against
it think that it is unnecessary to move the zoos out of the city.
第一句定语从句的成分不完整，缺谓语。介词
against
不能单独作谓语
。
3
.
画蛇添足式
(
误
)As can be seen from the picture
，
that
a sad boy stands between his angry parents.
(
误
)As can be seen from the picture
，
a man
who
is talking happily.
(
误
)I have many collections of stamps
，
and some of which are my favorite.
第一句中关系代词
as
代替逗号后面的整个主句，因此主句是不需要连接词的。所以，应去掉
that
。
第二句中同样
as
代替逗号后面的整个主句，主句中的
who
是多余的。
第三句中如果要满足定语从句的话，显然并列连词
and
是多余
的。
专题
2
名词性从句
◆
名词性从句
(
主语从句、宾语从句、表语
从句、同位语从句
)
中的连接词
名词性从句中的连接词有从属连词
that
/whether/
if
，连接
代词
what
/who/
which
/whose/
whatever
/whoever/
whomever
/whichever
，连接
副词
where
/
when
/why/
how
/wherever/
whenever
。
1.that
的用法：
(1)
主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句中用
that
但不能省略。
That they are good at English is known to us all.
The problem is that we don
’
t have enough money
.
The report that there will be a severe storm in the northern area is false.
(2)
一般情况下，宾语从句中的引导词
that
可省略，但在以下几种情况中
that
一般不省略：
①
当
that
从句和主句谓语动词之间有插入语时；
②
有多个
that
引导的从句时，第一个
that
可以省略，而其他的
that
常不可省略；
③
介词
except
，
but
，
besides
，
in
等后跟
that
引导的宾语从句时；
④
当
when
，
who
，
what
，
where
，
why
，
how
等引导的从句与
that
引导的从句作主句谓语动词的并列宾语时
。
He judged that
，
because he was a child
，
he did not understand wine.
The reason lies in that she works harder than the others do.
Everyone knew what happened and that she was worried.
(3)that
和
what
的区别。
that
引导名词性从句时，在主从句中不担当任何句子成分，也没有任何含义；而
what
引导名词性从句时，在主从句中都要充当一定的句子成分，
what
可以分解成定语从句中的
“
先行词＋关系代词
”
，即常说的
“
先行词＋
that
/
which/
who
”
。
It
’
s a shame that he has made such a mistake.
I will do what I can (do) to help him
.
(4)
同位语从句与定语从句中
that
的区别。
同位语从句中的连接词
that
只起连接作用，在从句中不担当任何句子成分；而定语从句中的关系代词
that
在句中作宾语或主语，与先行词有修饰关系。如果句子是同位语从句，就应用连接词
that
而不能用
which
。同位语从句一般放在表具体含义的名词后解释说明名词的含义或内容，如以下名词：
news
，
fact
，
suggestion
，
truth
，
plan
，
belief
，
doubt
，
possibility
，
idea
等，而定语从句只是对先行词的限定和修饰。
They expressed the hope that they would come to visit China again.(
同位语从句
)
The hope that they expressed is that they would come to visit China again.(
定语从句
)
2.whether
和
if
的用法：
(1)whether
和
if
在宾语从句中可以互换，但是作介词宾语时连接词一般用
whether
。
It all depends on whether they will come back.
(2)
后面直接跟
or not
时用
whether
。
I didn
’
t know whether or not he had arrived in Wuhan.
(3)
主语从句、表语从句中只能用
whether
。
Whether the meeting will be put off has not been decided yet.
The question is whether they have so much money
.
(4)whether
可以引导同位语从句，用以说明前面的名词的内容，
if
则不能。
We ought to discuss carefully the question whether we can do it or not.
(5)whether
常与
or
连用表示一种选择，
if
不能这样用；
whether
也可与动词不定式连用，但
if
不能。
The question of whether they are male or female is not important.
I have not decided whether to go or not.
(6)
宾语从句位于句首时或者宾语从句提前时用
whether
不用
if
。
Thank you
，
but whether I
’
ll be free I
’
m not sure at the moment
.
(7)whether
可引导一个让步状语从句表示
“
不管
”
、
“
无论
”
，而
if
不能。
Whether he comes or not
，
we will begin our party on time
.
3.
“
疑问词＋
-ever
”
和
“
no matter
＋疑问词
”
的区别：
(1)
“
疑问词＋
-ever
”
可引导名词性从句，在主从句中要充当一定的成分。
Whoever breaks the rule must be punished.
You can choose whatever you like in the shop.
(2)
“
疑问词＋
-ever
”
还可引导让步状语从句。
Whoever breaks the rule
，
he must be punished.
Whatever you do
，
you must do it well.
(3)
“
no matter
＋疑问词
”
只能引导让步状语从句。
No matter what you do
，
you must put your heart into it.
No matter who comes late
，
he must be punished.
4.when
和
where
引导的同位语从句与定语从句的区别：
when
和
where
前面的名词若是表示时间、地点的名词，则
when
和
where
引导的是定语从句，否则为同位语从句。
They put forward the question where they could get the money.(
同位语从句
)
This is the place where the accident happened.(
定语从句
)
◆
主语从句的核心考点
1.
主语从句在复合句中充当主语，大多数主语从句都可以用
it
作形式主语而把主语从句置于句尾。
2.that
引导主语从句时可用
it
作形式主语，
that
不可省；
what
引导的主语从句表示
“……
的东西
”
时，一般不用
it
作形式主语；
whatever
，
whoever
，
whichever
一般也不用
it
作形式主语。
That she will succeed is certain.
→
It is certain that she will succeed.
What he needs is more experience.
常见的
it
替代
that
引导的主语从句的句式主要有以下几种：
(1)It
＋系动词＋形容词
(necessary
，
right
，
likely
，
unlikely
，
wrong
，
important
，
certain
，
clear
，
obvious
，
strange
，
normal
等
)
＋
that
从句
It is certain that most of the farmers have brought in more money by all means.
(2)It
＋
be
＋名词
(
短语
)(a pity
，
a shame
，
good news
，
a fact
，
an honour
，
a
wonder
，
no wonder
等
)
＋
that
从句
It
’
s no wonder that you
’
ve achieved so much success
.
(3)It
＋
be
＋过去分词
(said
，
told
，
heard
，
reported
，
decided
，
suggested
，
advised
，
ordered
，
remembered
，
thought
，
considered
，
well-known
，
announced
等
)
＋
that
从句
It is said that the professor has already succeeded in carrying out the experiment
.
(4)It
＋特殊动词
(seem
，
appear
，
happen
，
matter)
＋
that
从句
It happened to me that I had been away when he called.
注意：
(1)
在
“
It is necessary
/important/
strange/natural...
＋
that
从句
”
结构中，从句谓语常用
“
(should
＋
)
动词原形
”
。
(2)
在
“It
＋
be
＋
suggested/advised/ordered/requested/insisted/required...
＋
that
从句
”
结构中，从句谓语应用
“(should
＋
)
动词原形
”
。
◆
宾语从句的核心考点
1.
动词的宾语从句
(1)
大多数动词
(hope
，
tell
，
say
等
)
可以带宾语从句。
We all expect that they will win
，
for members of their team are stronger.
I don
’
t think you are right.
I don
’
t suppose he cares
，
does he?
(2)
动词
find
，
feel
，
think
，
consider
，
make
，
believe
等后有宾语补足语时，则常用
it
作形式宾语而将
that
宾语从句后置。
I think it necessary that we take plenty of boiled water every day
.
(3)
有些动词
(
短语
)
带宾语从句时习惯上需要在宾语从句前加
it
。这类动词
(
短语
)
有
hate
，
enjoy
，
like
，
love
，
dislike
，
see to
等。
I hate it when they talk with their mouths full.
2.
一般情况下介词后只能用
wh-
类连接词引导宾语从句。
We are talking about whether we admit students into our club.
注意：
(1)where
引导的从句有时也可用作介词的宾语。
We could see the temple quite clearly from where we lived.
(2)that
引导的从句作介词的宾语是很少有的，只有在
except
，
in
，
but
等介词后偶尔可能用到。
Your composition is quite good except that the organization is a bit loose
.
(3)sure
，
certain
，
glad
，
pleased
，
happy
，
surprised
等表示
“
情感
”
的形容词后也可带宾语从句。
I
’
m sure that they will make it in spite of the terrible weather.
◆
表语从句的核心考点
1.
主句的主语是
idea
，
advice
，
suggestion
，
order
，
request
，
requirement
等名词时，表语从句的谓语应用虚拟语气，即
“
(should
＋
)
动词原形
”
的形式。
His suggestion is that we (should) change our course.
2.
主语为名词
reason
时，表语从句中的连接词要用
that
，而不用
why
或
because
。
The reason for such a serious accident is that the driver was too careless and drank too much
.
3.because
，
as if
，
as though
，
as
，
like
等连接词也可引导表语从句。
He has lung disease.That is because he has been smoking too much
.
◆
同位语从句的核心考点
同位语从句是用以解释说明某一名词的内容的从句。
1.
能接同位语从句的名词有：
belief
，
fact
，
hope
，
idea
，
doubt
，
news
，
conclusion
，
suggestion
，
problem
，
order
，
answer
，
decision
，
explanation
，
information
，
thought
等。
2.
同位语从句一般用
that
引导，但也可以用连接代词
(what
，
which
，
who)
、连接副词
(when
，
where
，
why
，
how)
或
whether
引导。
I have no idea what has happened to him
.
3.
有时同位语从句不紧跟在它所说明的某个名词后，而是被别的词隔开。
The story goes that William Tell did kill the king with that sword
.
Ⅰ.
单句语法填空
1
.
we understand things has a lot to do with what we feel.
2.A ship in harbor is safe
，
but that
’
s not
ships are built for.
3.—Is it true that Mike refused an offer from Yale University yesterday?
—Yeah
，
but I have no idea
he did it
；
that
’
s one of his favorite universities
.
4.The companies are working together to create
they hope will be the best means of transport in the 21st century
.
How
what
why
what
题组训练
5.It doesn
’
t matter
you turn right or left at the crossing—both roads lead to the park.
6.As many as five courses are provided
，
and you are free to choose
_________
suits you best.
7.Jerry did not regret giving the comment but felt
he could have expressed it differently.
8.The notice came around two in the afternoon
the meeting would be postponed.
whether
whichever
that
that
9.A farmer once organized a competition between his dog and his rabbit.He dug a hole in one of his biggest fields
，
and hid a carrot and a bone in it.He wanted to see
animal would find them first.
10.It can be really upset trying to ask for something in a store or to tell the taxi driver
you are going.
which
where
Ⅱ
.
单句改错
(
每小题
1
处错误
)
1.That
Barbara Jones offers to her fans is honesty and happiness.
2.It was never clear whether the man hadn
’
t reported the accident sooner.
3.It is still under discussion if the old bus station should be replaced with a modern hotel or not
.
4.The shocking news made me realize how terrible problems we would face
.
What
why
whether
what
5.The villagers have already known which we
’
ll do is to rebuild the bridge.
6.
What he should do is he stays at home and waits for his mother from work.
7.The reason why he was late was because his bike went wrong
.
8.
I
’
d like to start my own business—that
’
s how I
’
d do if I had the money
.
9.He came late.That was he got up late.
10.The question that why so many people would choose to live in the countryside but to work in the city is still under discussion
.
what
∧
that
that
what
∧
because
Ⅲ.
语法填空
(
名词性从句专练
)
1.
worries
my classmate Mary a lot these days is 2
.
she puts on too much weight and she is frequently ill.She has some doubts 3
.
_________
she eats too much fast food high in fat or sugar.Also
，
with the College Entrance Examination approaching
，
she becomes more stressful and she can
’
t sleep well these days.Maybe this is 4
.
she becomes fatter these days
，
she thinks.5
.
she becomes slimmer and healthier has been her main task.So she wants to consult some experts and gain some
instructions.But where she could get better suggestions and 6.
____
will give
her better advice also puzzle her.
What
that
whether/if
why
How
who
It
is her parents
’
suggestion 7
.
she should consult Professor Wang in Zhongshan Hospital.Professor Wang suggests 8
.
she keep a balanced diet first.She should eat vegetables and fruit high in fiber
，
vitamin and protein.What
’
s more
，
if she wants to lose weight
，
she had better take regular exercise more than half an hour a day.Mary asked Professor Wang 9
.
_____
she should take exercise.Professor Wang advised her to take exercise at 5 o
’
clock in the afternoon.That is 10
.
_______
she will have more time to do sports.It is
with the help of Professor Wang that Mary has become much healthier now.
that
that
when
because
◆
书面表达中名词性从句易错点聚焦
1.
语序问题
(
误
)These pictures show you
what does our village look like
.
(
正
)These pictures show you
what our village looks like
.
宾语从句的语序应用陈述语序，而不是特殊疑问句的语序。
(
误
)
Do you think
which of these is the most useful invention?
(
正
)Which of these
do you think
is the most useful invention
?
在疑问句中，宾语从句的连接词应担当特殊疑问词的角色位于句首
。
2.what
和
that
的运用
(
误
)America was
that
was first called
“
India
”
by Columbus.
(
正
)America was
what
was first called
“
India
”
by Columbus.
在名词性从句中，连接词
that
既不作任何句子成分，也没有意义；而连接代词
what
则相反，它既充当从句的主干成分也有其自身的意义。
另外，我们可以把
what
解释为：
the
＋名词＋
that/which
。
3.whether
和
if
的运用
(
误
)If we
’
ll hold the party has not been decided yet.
(
正
)Whether we
’
ll hold the party has not been decided yet.
whether
适用于任何情况；
if(
作
“
是否
”
讲
)
仅限于动词宾语从句中，但
discuss
，
decide
等动词后的宾语从句除外
。
4.
连接词的使用易受汉语干扰
(
误
)The reason why I was late is
because
I was trapped in the traffic jam.
(
正
)The reason why I was late is
that
I was trapped in the traffic jam.
通过提取简化可得出：
The reason is because...
在英语中显然造成了重复现象。
专题
3
并列句和状语从句
◆
连词的分类
连词常分为并列连词
(
也叫等立连词
)
和从属连词两大类。
◆
并列句与并列连词的核心考点
1.
并列句的基本概念
并列句是由两个或两个以上并列而又独立的简单句构成的。在并列句中，这些简单句常由并列连词连在一起。并列连词所连接的简单句被称为分句
。
2.
常见的并列连词
(1)
表示递进或顺承关系：常用的并列连词有
and
，
not only...but (also)...
等。
He had plenty of money and he spent it freely.
Not only did he speak more correctly
，
but he (also) spoke more easily.
(2)
表示选择关系：常用的并列连词有
or
，
either...or...
等。
Either you are right
，
or I am.
(3)
表示转折关系：常用的并列连词有
but
，
yet
，
whereas
等。
Jane said she was ill
，
yet I saw her in the street just now
.
Some of the studies show positive results
，
whereas others do not
.
(4)
表示因果关系：常用的并列连词有
so
，
for
等。
It must have rained last night
，
for it is wet all over.
The shops were closed
，
so I didn
’
t get any milk.
(5)when
也可用作并列连词，意为
“
那时，这时
”
，相当于
and at this
/that time
。常用于下列句式：
①
sb
. was
doing sth
. when
...
；
②
sb
. was
about to do/
going to do/on the point of doing sth
. when
...
；
③
sb
. had
(just) done sth
. when
...
。
We were having a meeting when someone broke in.
We were about to set off when it suddenly began to rain
.
(6)while
作为并列连词，意为
“
而，却
”
，表示对比。
He likes pop music
，
while I am fond of folk music
.
◆
从属连词与状语从句
一、时间状语从句
1.before
引导的从句中不用否定式谓语。常用如下句型：
It will be long before...(
得过好久才
……
)
It will not be long before...(
过不了多久就
……
)
It was long before...(
过了好久才
……
)
It was not long before...(
过了不久就
……
)
2.since
后面所用动词不同，该动词所表示动作持续时间的计算方法也不同。
since
＋瞬间动词过去式
(
从该动作发生时算起
)
since
＋持续性动词过去式
(
从动作结束时算起
)
It is two years since he joined the army
.
他
参军两年了。
It is two years since he smoked.
他戒烟两年了。
3.as
，
when
，
while
用法一览表。
类别
作用
例句
as
as
表示
“
当
……
的时候
”
，往往和
when/while
通用，但它着重强调主句与从句的动作或事情同时或几乎同时发生。
She came up as I was cooking.(
同时
)
The runners started as the gun went off.(
几乎同时
)
when
(at or during the time that )
既可以表示在某一点的时候，又可表示在某一段时间内，主句与从句的动作或事情可以同时发生也可以先后发生。
It was raining when we arrived.(
指时间点
)
When we were at school
，
we went to the library every day.(
在一段时间内
)
while
while
意思是
“
当
……
的时候
”
或
“
在某一段时间里
”
。主句中的动作或事情在从句中的动作或事情的进展过程中发生，从句中的动词一般要用延续性动词。在
when
表示
a period of time
时，两者可以互换。
Please don
’
t talk so loud while others are working.
He fell asleep
while/when
reading
.
Strike while the iron is hot.(
不可用
as
或
when
，这里的
while
意思
是
“
趁
……”
)
4.
引导时间状语从句的连接词除上述外还有：
(1)till
，
not...until...
，
until
Don
’
t get off the bus until it has stopped.
He waited for his father until/till it was twelve o
’
clock.
(2)hardly/scarcely...when
，
no sooner...than
表示
“
刚
……
就
”
We had hardly got/Hardly had we got into the country when it began to rain.
No sooner had he arrived/He had no sooner arrived than she started complaining
.
(3)directly
，
immediately
，
the moment
，
the minute
，
the instant
，
as soon as
，意为
“
一
……
就
”
He made for the door directly he heard the knock.
The moment he saw his mother
，
he burst into tears.
(4)each time
，
every time
Each time he came to my city
，
he would call on me
.
二、让步状语从句
1.although
与
though
可以引导让步状语从句，不能与
but
连用，但可以与
yet
连用。
Although/Though they are poor
，
(yet) they are warm-hearted.
2.even if
或
even though
引导让步状语从句，表示
“
即使
”
、
“
纵然
”
，用来使人注意下文所强调内容的性质。
I
’
ll get there even if/though I have to sell my house to get enough money to go by air.
3.no matter
后接
who
，
what
，
where
，
how
等疑问词引导让步状语从句，也可以在这类疑问词后面加上
-ever
构成
whoever
，
whatever
，
wherever
，
however
等。但在引导名词性从句时，只能用
“
疑问词＋
-ever
”
类词。
Don
’
t trust him
，
no matter what/whatever he says.
I will eat whatever you give me.
No matter how/however hard the work is
，
you
’
d better try to do it well
.
4.as
也可以引导让步状语从句，需将从句中的表语、状语以及谓语中的实义动词提前至从句句首，引起倒装；作表语的单数可数名词前如有冠词，冠词需省去。
though
引导的从句也可以倒装，但
although
引导的不可以。
Child as/though he is
，
he knows a lot.
Much as I like it
，
I won
’
t buy.
Try as he would
，
he couldn
’
t lift the heavy box
.
5.while
也可以引导让步状语从句，表示
“
尽管
”
，比
though/although
语气弱。
while
引导的让步状语从句一般要位于句首
。
三、原因状语从句：
because
，
as
，
since
，
now that
1.
表示不知道的原因时用
because
，即说话人认为听话人不知道，因此
because
从句是全句最重要的部分，通常它被置于主句之后。
You want to know why I
’
m leaving
？
I
’
m leaving because I
’
m fed up with the boss.
2.
表示已经知道的原因时用
as
或
since
，即某种原因在说话人看来已经很明显，或已为听话人所熟悉，因此它是句中不很重要的部分。
since
要比
as
正式一些，它们通常被置于主句之前，但有时却相反。
Seeing all of the children already seated
，
he said
，
“
Since everyone is here
，
let
’
s start
.
”
3.
下列情况下只能使用
because
：
(1)
在回答
why
的问句时；
(2)
在用于强调句型时；
(3)
被
not
所否定时。
四、地点状语从句：
where
，
wherever
等
Make a mark wherever you have any questions.
We will go where the Party directs us.
五、目的状语从句：
that
，
so that
，
in order that
注意：
目的状语从句中的谓语动词常与情态动词连用，否则可能是结果状语从句，不可置于句首。
He got up early so that he could catch the early train
.
六、结果状语从句：
that
，
so that
，
so...that...
，
such...that...
注意：
so
＋形容词
/
副词＋
that
从句；
such
＋名词＋
that
从句。
She is so good that we all like her.
He is such a good teacher that we all respect him.
七、方式状语从句：
as
，
as if/though
I’ll do as I am told to.
It looks as if it is going to rain
.
八、条件状语从句：
if
，
unless
，
so/as long as
，
in case
，
once
，
on condition that
等
You can use my bike as long as you return it on time.
九、比较状语从句：
than
；
(not)as/so...as...
；
not the same as; the
＋比较级，
the
＋比较级
He works as hard as others.
We treat boys exactly the same as girls.
The sun is much bigger than the earth.
The more you eat
，
the fatter you will be
.
Ⅰ
.
单句语法填空
1.
You have to move out of the way
the truck cannot get past you.
2.Mike was usually so careful
，
this time he made a small mistake.
3.Find ways to praise your children often
，
you
’
ll find they will open their hearts to you.
4.At school
，
some students are active
some are shy
，
yet they can be good friends with one another
.
5.Everything was placed exactly
he wanted it for the graduation ceremony
.
or/otherwise
yet/but
and
while
where
题组训练
6.Hot
the night air was
，
we slept deeply because we were so tired after the long journey.
7.It is hard for the Greek government to get over the present difficulties
______
it gets more financial support from the European Union.
8
.
hard you try
，
it is difficult to lose weight without cutting down the amount you eat.
9.The doctor told the patient to go on a diet
he was overweight
.
10.There once was a very rich man.He was so generous to everybody around him
many people in his neighborhood knew him.
as/though
unless
However
because
that
Ⅱ
.
单句改错
(
每小题
1
处错误
)
1.His new job meant I had to say goodbye to my classmates
，
my school or just everything else I love in the world.
2.My father is hardworking but
goes
to work in the field every day.
3.I have been missing you very much after I went to college a year ago.
4.In the end
，
we drove to a service station and waited there unless the road was clear.
and
and
since
until/till
5.Mom
，
though I may not often say it
，
I do love you.Nobody can take your part in my heart. Whenever I am
，
I will always love you.
6.It is in the downtown area
，
but it is easy to go anywhere from the hotel by public transport.
7.I called my parents
，
so I did not tell them what had happened.
8.To deal with the problem
，
I think
，
they should first go all out to plant trees though trees will help save water.
Wherever
and/so
but
because/since/as
9.Her hair was black and purple
，
and she wore black sports shoes and a black sweater
，
although in the summer.
10.Some friends of his go to see him every day
，
they take him lots of good books and fresh fruit.
even
∧
and
Ⅲ
.
语法填空
(
连词专练
)
My mother was cooking in the kitchen 1
.
I was doing my school assignments.No sooner had I finished my homework 2
.
the door bell rang.However
，
my sister unlocked the door 3
.
I could open it.We were surprised the moment we saw her 4
.
her clothes and face were terribly dirty.She looked much poorer 5
.
_____
we expected.6
.
we didn
’
t know what had happened to her
，
we stood there and waited for my sister
’
s story.We wouldn
’
t leave 7
.
my sister told us all about it
.
while
than
before
because
than
Since
unless
8
.
my sister got changed
，
she told us that she fell into a ditch
9.
_____
she walked on a path on her way to my uncle
’
s home in the countryside.She couldn
’
t get out of the ditch.10
.
she cried for help loudly
，
no one could hear her.She tried to climb out of it
，
but 11
.
hard she tried
，
she failed to escape from it.12
.
time went by
，
she got worried.
After several vain attempts she had to stand 13
.
she was and waited 14
.
a boy student passed by and gave her a hand.The boy reached her a long rope and told her to climb with the rope.She did 15
.
___
the boy told
，
so that she came out
.
After
when
Although/Though
however
As
where
until
as
◆
书面表达中并列句和状语从句易错点聚焦
(
一
)
在书面表达中往往缺乏并列句意识，主要存在以下两个方面的倾向：
1.
机械排列简单句
I believe I am fit for it.I
’
m writing to apply for the position.
如果我们把意义相关的这两个句子用适当的连词连接起来，可得到下面的句子：
I believe I am fit for it
，
so I
’
m writing to apply for the position.
比较一下，同学们是不是感觉后者要优于前者呢？并列连词的使用可增强句子之间的逻辑性和美感，使句子之间显得更加紧凑。
2.
逗号连接两个简单句
I
’
m enthusiastic and easy-going
，
I
’
m easy to get along with and can cooperate well with others.
在该句中含有两个简单句，中间用逗号起了连接作用，显然这是不符合英语语法规则的。我们不妨做如下改动：
I
’
m enthusiastic and easy-going
，
so I
’
m easy to get along with and can cooperate well with others.
(
二
)
对于状语从句，在实际运用中主要存在以下问题：
1.
从句意识缺乏
The Expo is very attractive.We are all eager to pay a visit to it.
The Expo is
so
attractive
that
we are all eager to pay a visit to it.
通过比较不难发现，后句比前句更加紧凑且逻辑性强，增强了交际效果。
2.
状语从句成分残缺
(
误
)Please close the doors and windows
before leave
the classroom.
(
正
)Please close the doors and windows
before you leave
the classroom.
由于受汉语的干扰，第一句中状语从句中漏掉了主语。
3.
连接词误用
(
误
)Teachers and parents should respect us
no matter
we are in or outside school.
(
正
)
Teachers and parents should respect us
whether
we are in or outside school.
两句尽管从汉语角度来看意思相同，但是从语法角度
no matter
一般后跟特殊疑问词，而
whether
可直接引导状语从句。
(
误
)
Though he is considered a great writer
，
but his works are not widely read.
(
正
)Though he is considered a great writer
，
his works are not widely read.
在让步状语从句中，
though
和
although
不能与
but
连用
。
专题
4
主谓一致和特殊句式
◆
主谓一致的核心考点
1
.
就近一致原则
(1)
由
or
，
not only...but also...
，
neither...nor...
，
either...or...
，
whether...or...
，
not...but...
等连接两个或两个以上的并列主语时，通常根据
“
就近一致
”
原则，即谓语动词要与离它最近的主语在数上保持一致。
Neither his parents nor I am able to persuade him to change his mind.
(2)here/there
引导一个句子而主语又不止一个时，通常根据
“
就近一致
”
原则，即谓语动词要与离它最近的主语在数上保持一致
。
Here is a ruler
，
a few pencils and two copybooks
.
2.
意义一致原则
(1)
谓语动词必须用单数的情况
①
表示学科的名词以及
works(
工厂
)
，
news(
消息
)
等作主语时，虽然本身为复数形式，但表示单数意义，谓语动词用单数。
Politics is his favorite subject.
②
表示某些组织机构的名词、书
/
报名、国名、地名等作主语时，虽然形式上是复数，但所表示的意义是单数，所以谓语动词用单数。
Do you know when the United Nations was set up
?
(2)
谓语动词必须用复数的情况
表示总称意义的名词，如
people
，
police
，
public
，
cattle
等作主语时，谓语动词用复数。
The police are searching for the murderer.
(3)
谓语动词的形式依据主语表示的意义而定
①
集体名词，如
family
，
class
，
group
，
team
，
club
，
company
，
government
，
population
等作主语时，谓语动词的形式根据其在语境中表示的意义而定。当其表示集体意义，强调整体概念时，谓语动词用单数；当其表示集体中各个组成部分，强调个体概念时，谓语动词用复数。
As far as I know
，
his family is not very large but the family are all music lovers
.
②“
the
＋形容词
/
分词
”
表示
“
一类人
”
时，谓语动词用复数。
The poor were looked down upon in the old days
.
3.
语法一致原则
(1)
由
and
连接的两个名词作主语
①“
a/the
＋名词单数＋
and
＋名词单数
”
表示一个人
(
双重身份
)
，谓语动词用单数。
The teacher and poet often gives lectures around the city.
②“
a/the
＋名词单数＋
and
＋
a/th
e
＋名词单数
”
表示两个人，谓语动词用复数。
The teacher and the poet have just arrived
.
③“
every
＋名词单数＋
and
＋
every
＋名词单数
”
表示每一个人，谓语动词用单数。
Every boy and every girl has the right to receive education in our country.
④
通常由两个部件组成的物品如：
a knife and fork (
一副刀叉
)
等作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
Bread and butter is not to his taste.
(2)
表示时间、数量、长度及价格的名词，尽管有时是复数形式，但常被看作是一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式。
Is fifty pounds enough?
(3)
“
分数
/
百分数＋
of
＋名词
”
作主语时，谓语动词的形式根据
of
后的名词的形式来定，如果名词是可数名词复数，谓语动词用复数形式；如果名词是单数可数名词或不可数名词，谓语动词用单数形式。
Two-thirds of the books are about science.
Only 30% of the work was done yesterday.
(4)
主语为单数名词或代词，尽管后面跟有
with
，
together with
，
except
，
but
，
as well as
，
rather than
，
besides
，
including
等引起的短语，谓语动词仍用单数形式；若主语为复数，谓语用复数形式。
Nobody but Jim and Mike was on the playground.
Ⅰ
.
单句语法填空
1.Either you or the headmaster
(
be) to hand out the prizes to those gifted students at the meeting.
2.The teacher
，
with 6 girls and 8 boys of her class
，
(
visit) a museum when the earthquake struck.
3.Two fifths of the land in that district
(
be) covered with trees and grass
.
题组
训练
1
is
was visiting
is
4.With more forests being destroyed
，
huge quantities of good earth
_______________
(
wash) away each year.
5.He
is the only one of the students who
(
be) a winner of scholarship for three years
.
are being washed
has been
Ⅱ
.
单句改错
(
每小题
1
处错误
)
1.The singer and dancer are to attend our evening party
.
2.They
each has an apple.
3.He joins the football team who is all famous footballers
.
4.Dr
. Smith
，
together with his wife and daughters
，
are going to visit Beijing this summer
.
is
have
∧
the
are
is
或
The singer and dancer are to attend our evening party.
5.As a result of the serious flood
，
two-thirds of the buildings in the area needs repairing.
6.Those who likes to sing can join us.
need
like
◆
倒装句的核心考点
1.
全部倒装
(1)
在
There b
e/seem/appear/live/stand/lie/fly/exist/remain
等存在句中。
Look
，
there
’
s that bookshop I was telling you about.
(2)
表示时间、地点和动作转移的副词，如
here
，
there
，
now
，
then
，
up
，
down
，
in
，
away
，
out
等置于句首，主语是名词而不是代词时，用完全倒装。此时，句子多用一般现在时或一般过去时。
There goes the phone.I
’
ll answer it
.
(3)such
作表语置于句首时。
Such was Albert Einstein
，
a simple man but the 20th century
’
s greatest scientist
.
(4)
直接引语的全部或部分位于句首时。
“
If you die
，
who will get your money
？
”
asked Holmes.
(5)
表示地点的介词短语位于句首时。
In the center of the square stands a monument.
(6)
为平衡句子结构，或使上下文衔接紧密，而将作表语的介词短语、形容词、副词或分词提到句首，引起倒装。
Gone forever are the days when the Chinese people had to use foreign oil.
2.
部分倒装
在下列几种情况下，只把助动词、系动词或情态动词放在主语之前，构成部分倒装。
(1)little
，
never
，
not
，
seldom
，
neither
，
nor
，
hardly
，
rarely
，
nowhere
，
by no means
，
at no time
，
under no circumstances
，
in no case
，
on no condition
等表示否定意义的单词或短语位于句首时。
Little does he care about what others think.
(2)
在
not...until...
，
no sooner...than...
，
scarcely/hardly...when...
，
not only...but also...
，
neither...nor...
等句式中。
Neither does he drink nor smoke.
(3)
当
only
修饰副词、介词短语或状语从句位于句首时。
Only then did I find I had made a mistake.
(4)
在
so
/such...that...
从句中，当
“
so
＋形容词
/
副词
”
或
“
such
＋名词
”
位于句
首时。
So exhausted was she that she wanted to have a rest.
(5)
当表示前面所说的肯定情况也适用于另一个人或事物时，常用
“
so
/
as
＋
be
动词
/
助动词
/
情态动词＋主语
”
，表示
“……
也是
……”
。
Times
have changed and so have I
.
(6)
当表示前面否定的内容也适用于另一个人或事物时，常用
“
neither
/nor
＋
be
动词
/
助动词
/
情态动词＋主语
”
，表示
“……
也不
……”
。
They couldn
’
t understand it at that time
，
and nor could we.
(
7)
省略
if
的虚拟条件句，把助动词
were
，
had
，
should
提到主语前面。
Had it not been for your help
，
we shouldn
’
t have achieved so much.
(8)as
和
though
引导的让步状语从句。
Try as she might
，
Sue couldn
’
t get the door open.
(9)
“
may
＋动词原形
”
表示祝愿，通常把
may
置于句首，构成倒装语序。
May you succeed!
Ⅰ
.
单句语法填空
1.No sooner
Mo Yan stepped on the stage than the audience broke into thunderous applause.
2.Only with the greatest of luck
she manage to escape from the rising flood water last year.
3.Present at the party last night
(
be) Mr
. Green
and many other guests.
4.The moment the bell rang
，
out
(
rush) the children.
题组
训练
2
had
did
were
rushed
5
.
he caught the morning train
，
he would not have been late for the meeting.
6.Not
I caught sight of my teacher in the crowd did I calm down.
Had
until
Ⅱ
.
单句改错
(
每小题
1
处错误
)
1.When we heard the exciting news
，
there was silence all over the hall at first.Then come voices of shouting.
2.So loudly he speak that even people in the next room could hear him.
3.If you don
’
t go there tomorrow
，
neither does Tom
.
4.Hard although he tried
，
he was unable to make much progress
.
came
∧
did
will
as/though
5.I can
’
t swim and so can Kate.
6.Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky made sense.
neither
make
◆
强调句的核心考点
1.
使用助动词
do
，
does
和
did
对谓语动词进行强调。
First impressions really do count.
2.
运用强调句型来强调除谓语动词以外的其他句子成分。
强调句型的基本句型结构为：
It
is/was
＋
被强调部分＋
that/
who
＋其他成分。可用来强调句子的主语、宾语、状语、表语、同位语等成分。在复习强调句型时，要注意以下几个方面
：
(1)
强调句型中的主谓一致
在强调句型中，当对陈述句中的主语进行强调时，无论被强调的主语是单数还是复数，主句中的谓语动词都要用单数形式
is/was
，同时
，
that
从句中的谓语动词要与被强调的主语在人称和数方面保持一致。
It is my parents that/who often help me get out of trouble.
(2)
当对地点状语、时间状语或其他状语从句进行强调时，只能用连接词
that
，而不能用
where
，
when
，
why
或
how
等。
It was on August 8,2008 that the 29th Summer Olympic Games were opened in Beijing
.
(3)
强调句型的疑问句
强调句型的一般疑问句是
“
Is/Was it
＋被强调部分＋
that
＋
其他成分？
”
；强调句型的特殊疑问句是
“
特殊疑问词
＋
is/was
it that
＋其他成分？
”
。
Was it her failing her exam that made her parents unhappy?
When was it that she changed her mind
?
(4)
在对
not...until...
结构中的
until
时间状语或时间状语从句进行强调时，要将句中的
not
移至
until
之前，构成：
It is/was not until...that...
。注意
that
从句中的谓语动词要变成肯定形式，而且不再采用倒装语序。
I
didn
’
t realize she was a famous film star until she took off her dark glasses.
→
It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a famous film star
.
注意事项：
1.
如果由特殊疑问词引导的强调结构在句中作宾语从句时，从句必须使用陈述语序，不可用疑问语序
。
He asked me who it was that took his umbrella by mistake.
2.
强调句型结构中的反意疑问句式。
在强调句型结构中，其反意疑问句的主语及助动词必须与主句
It is/was...
保持一致。
It is Mary not you who wants to ask me about that matter
，
isn
’
t it
?
3.
强调句型结构与定语从句的混合使用。
在高考试题中，为了增加试题的难度，命题人常将强调句型与定语从句混合起来，使句子结构更加复杂。我们要注意从语法角度来分析句子，理清结构
。
It was on the farm where we worked that I got to know her.
4.
强调句型与时间状语从句的辨析。
当用强调句型强调时间状语时，去掉
“
it
is/was
”
和
连词
“
that
”
，原句仍然完整；而在时间状语从句中，若去掉
“
it is/was
”
和连词
“
when/before
”
，原句不完整。
It was at 14
：
28 that the terrible earthquake broke out.(
强调句型
)
It was 14
：
28 when the terrible earthquake broke out.(
时间状语从句
)
Ⅰ
.
单句语法填空
1.It was the culture
，
rather than the language
，
made it hard for him to adapt to the new environment abroad.
2.Was
because Jack came late for school that Mr
. Smith
got angry?
3.To tell you the truth
，
Tom
take my pen by mistake yesterday
，
but he has said sorry to me
.
题组
训练
3
that
it
did
4.It was not until I went there
I began to know something about the matter.
5
.—Why was it
you were so angry?
—Because we failed to take part in the basketball match
.
that
that
Ⅱ
.
短文改错
(
每小题
1
处错误
)
1.It is only when you reread the poem which you can really appreciate it.
2.I received his mother
’
s telephone call at eleven.It was then when I knew that he was badly hurt in a traffic accident yesterday.
3.It was until near the end of the letter that she mentioned her own plan
.
that
that
∧
not
4.After hard efforts were made
，
the family
did managed
to send him to a technical school
.
5.When was it he made up his mind to take this course?
或
After
hard efforts were made
，
the family
did managed
to send him to a technical school.
manage
∧
that
◆
省略句的核心考点
1.
状语从句中的省略
由
when
，
while
，
if
，
as if
，
although/though
，
as
，
until
，
once
，
whether
，
unless
，
where
等引导的状语从句中，如果其谓语动词为
be
，而从句的主语与主句的主语相同或从句的主语为
it
时，则从句的主语或
it
和
be
可省略。
When (I am) in trouble
，
I always turn to my classmates for help.
If (it is) possible
，
this machine can be fixed at once
.
2.
不定式的省略
单独使用不定式符号
to
代替不定式后被省略的动词，常用在
be afraid
，
expect
，
forget
，
hope
，
intend
，
like
，
love
，
mean
，
prefer
，
refuse
，
try
，
want
，
wish
等词后；或放在表情绪的词后，代替被省略的动词，常见词有：
glad
，
happy
，
pleased
等；但是，如果不定式中含有
be
，
have
，
have been
时，则要保留
be
，
have
，
have been
。
—Will you please look after my house when I
’
m away?
—I
’
m glad to.
—Are you a sailor?
—No.But I used to be.
Your work hasn
’
t been handed in
，
but it ought to have been.
3.
常考的几个省略形式
if ever
，
if any
，
if not bette
r/worse/t
aller...than
等。
Please correct my mistakes if any.
4.
并列句中的省略
并列句中的两个对等句里的动词相同时，后者的动词可以省略。
He is going to Hong Kong
，
but his brother (is going) to America.
My room is on the third floor and his
，
on the fifth.
◆
其他句式的核心考点
1.
感叹句
感叹句常用来表示惊叹、赞美、喜悦等语气。
常见句型：
(1)What
＋
a/an
＋形容词＋单数名词＋主语＋谓语！
＝
How
＋形容词＋
a/
an
＋单数名词＋主语＋谓语！
(2)What
＋
(
形容词
)
＋不可数名词
/
复数名词＋主语＋谓语！
(3)How
＋形容词
/
副词＋主语＋谓语！
(4)How
＋主语＋谓语！
What a strange plant(
＝
How strange a plant)! I
’
ve never seen it before.
这种植物真奇怪！
我以前从未见过。
The shocking news made me realize what terrible problems we would face.
这个惊人的消息使我意识到我们将面临多么严重的问题。
2.
祈使句
祈使句常用来表达命令、请求、禁止、建议、警告、劝告等。
祈使句的主语一般是第二人称
you
，但往往省略。
祈使句的否定形式一般在动词原形前加
don
’
t
，也可用副词
never
构成。
祈使句的强调形式可以在句首加
do
。
祈使句的常见句型：
(1)
祈使句＋
and
＋陈述句
“
如果
……
就
……”
(2)
祈使句＋
or/otherwise
＋陈述句
“……
否则
……”
(3)
名词词组
(
多含有
more
，
another)
＋
and
＋陈述句
“
如果再
……
就
……”
One more day
，
and I
’
ll get everything ready.
再多给我一天，
我就会把一切准备好。
Ⅰ
.
单句语法填空
1.One day
，
he came up with an idea that he would pluck up all of his crop a few inches.He did
the next day.
2.Film has a much shorter history
，
especially when
_________
(
compare) to such art forms as music and planting.
3.
Her parents wouldn
’
t allow her to go to the party
，
but she still hopes
__
.
题组
训练
4
so
compared
to
4
.
(
make) good use of learning resources such as the website and library
，
and you will make great progress.
5.You can
’
t imagine
difficulty we had walking home in the snowstorm
.
Make
what
Ⅱ
.
短文改错
(
每小题
1
处错误
)
1.Such knowledge is still useful when applying to similar situations in other countries.
2. Stopping criticizing your children like this
，
or they will refuse to tell you their true feelings.
3.Though I
’
m not a volunteer any more
，
I used to and I
’
ve done some voluntary work with my friends.
applied
Stop
∧
be
4. What different life today is from what it was 20 years ago!
5.I won
’
t go to the party even if being invited.
How
Ⅲ
.
语法填空
(
特殊句式专练
)
Dealing with homeless families 1
.
(
be) one part of my job.It was from a single mother 2
.
the very first call I had was.She was weeping.Not until I promised to help her 3
.
she stop weeping.After being told that she had got into a terrible car accident
，
I learned that accident made her lose her job.Because of this
，
she fell behind with her rent 4
.
she was being forced to leave her apartment.She had to pay for the rent.5
.
not
，
nowhere could she and her two children go.
is
that
did
and
If
Having explained the situation
，
she stopped
，
saying
，
“
I
’
m so sorry
！
Thank you for letting me tell my story.I
’
ve tried every shelter and church organization in the area but no one 6
.
listen or care.
”
7
.
an unfortunate thing
！
At that time there being no openings for family housing
，
I took her number down and told her I
’
d call her right back.Later
，
hardly 8
.
I found an opening for a family in a shelter in her area when I called her back.She was shocked when 9
.
(
answer) my call.She said
，
“
Never 10
.
I really expect you to call me back.
”
I gave her the good news and she started weeping again.But this time they were tears of happiness and hope.
does
What
had
answering
did
◆
书面表达中特殊句式易错点聚焦
在书面表达中适当引入特殊句式，可提高表达的层次，增强交际效果。但是学生在实际运用中主要存在以下问题：
1.
主谓不一致
(
误
)
Your friend and adviser
have
agreed to lend
me
some money
.
(
正
)
Your friend and adviser
has
agreed to lend
me some
money.
(
误
)
Many a scientist
have
sacrificed their lives for
science.
(
正
)
Many a scientist
has
sacrificed his life for science.
(
误
)
Mr
. Wang
，
together with his wife
，
have
gone to
Australia.
(
正
)
Mr
. Wang
，
together with his wife
，
has
gone to
Australia
.
(
误
)
Each of the boys
have their
own books
.
(
正
)
Each of the boys
has his
own books.
(
误
)
The blind
is
not able to walk without sticks
.
(
正
)
The blind
are
not able to walk without sticks.
(
误
)
Five years
have
passed since then
.
(
正
)
Five years
has
passed since then.
(
简单句堆积
)
I am Li Hua.I am chairman of the
Student
Union.I am from Chenguang High School
.
(
同位语
)
I am Li Hua
，
chairman of the Student
Union
，
from Chenguang High School.
2.
缺乏运用意识
语言输出时，多用正常语序的简单句、并列句等，而缺乏运用特殊句式的意识。
(
一般表达
)
I didn
’
t realize its importance until I
was
chosen monitor of my class in my senior middle school
.
(
倒装句
)
Not until
I was chosen monitor of my
class
in my senior middle school
did I
realize its importance
.
(
强调句
)
It was not until
I was chosen monitor of my, class in my senior middle school
that
I realized
its importance
.
3.
运用中出现语法错误
(
误
)
Only work hard
can you achieve your goal
.
(
正
)
Only by working hard
can you achieve your goal.
(
误
)
There
have
some problems
exist
in our school
.
(
正
)
There
exist
some problems in our school.
(
误
)
Only after the war
learned he
the sad news
.
(
正
)
Only after the war
did he learn
the sad news.
(
误
)
It was
at midnight when
I got back home yesterday
.
(
正
)
It was
at midnight that
I got back home yesterday
.
(
正
)
It was
midnight when
I got back home yesterday.
精选模拟 强化训练
Ⅰ
.
单句语法填空
(
一
)
1.At the requests of some English learners
，
he has published a lot of books
，
one of
is about English idioms.
2.There is a strong possibility
man will mainly depend on solar energy in the future.
3.The richest of these is Bill Gates
，
worth at least 76 billion
，
____
made his money by starting the company Microsoft.
4.Get up
，
you will be late for school.
which
that
who
or
5.They seemed to be too nervous and were too anxious to leave
，
so I asked
they wanted to go ahead of me or not.
6.It is only in the last few years
free flying has gained any real public acceptance.
7.Mr.Gough asked if I really understood
the author tried to say in his book.
8.Jane paused in front of a counter
some attractive ties were on display
.
whether
that
what
where
9.I was on my way to the Taiyetos Mountains.The sun was setting
my car broke down near a remote village
10.To improve the quality of our products
，
we asked for suggestions
_______
had used the products.
11.Gates was only 20 years old
he first helped to set up the company in 1975.
12.So
，
they looked around for a soccer club
would be able to do this for them
.
when
whoever
when
that/which
13.There is a popular view
in city strangers are less likely to help an elderly person.
14.
parents say and do usually has a
life-long effect on their children.
15.It is nearly fifteen years
I last saw her—she is the owner of a local restaurant where I briefly worked one summer as a waitress
.
that
What
since
(
二
)
16.When you look at
great effects the climate has on our life
，
you will agree that it is the most serious problem.
17.They were also quite sure that a cigarette end didn
’
t start the fire.However
，
several hours passed
______
a fireman accidentally discovered the cause.
18.Mr.White is opposed to repairing the old building
，
and that
’
s
_____
I don
’
t agree
.
19.She has received the offer from you
，
but I don
’
t know
_______
she will accept it or not
.
what
before
where
whether
20.So touching
the song sound that I couldn
’
t hold my tears back when I heard it for the first time.
21
.
the boy is anything like his father
，
he will grow to be a man you can be proud of.
22.Dr
. Joyce
Poole is a zoologist
，
studies the sounds of elephants.
23.On an autumn afternoon
，
we were sent to a farm
we learnt to plant potatoes
.
24.Anyone
upgrades their professional knowledge to a new level can apply for these courses
.
did
If
who
where
who
25.With an optimistic attitude and a strong will
，
we can overcome
________
difficulties we might meet with and achieve our goals.
26
.
Shirley was three years old
，
her parents sent her and her sisters to live with their grandmother in Barbados.
27
.
you said is right because you are my mother.
28.The Tea House has opened three chain shops
it first appeared in 1999
.
29.When was it
they went abroad?
30.It was not until she lost her job
she realized how important it is that one should study all the time
.
whatever
When
Whatever
since
that
that
Ⅱ
.
单句改错
(
每小题
1
处错误
)
(
一
)
1.There was a time that I was in hospital.
2.
Would you like a cup of coffee and shall we get down to business right away?
3.
My brother doesn
’
t study very hard
，
and he always gets excellent grades.
4.What
’
s more
，
it is widely accepted that animal waste pollutes the environment
，
where makes people quite uncomfortable
.
when
or
but
which
5. That surprised us most there was the beauty of scenery.
6.It
’
s such beautiful a city that I can hardly find any word to describe it.
7.In the morning
，
we played some games with them when we used to play in our childhood.
8.For one thing
，
that you are studying is badly needed nowadays in our country.
What
so
that/which
what
9.I kept practicing after I felt confident enough to challenge the good players in my class.
10. Whether I have such a pen friend
，
I think we can share our travelling experiences with each other
，
taking care of pets
，
or whatever we have in common.
11.I told the firemen that it was my careless cooking which caused the heavy smoke
.
until
If
that
12.The other day our class had a discussion about if we should welcome the Web Language.
13. Unless anyone is in trouble
，
you should be ready to help him or her.
14.Finally I want to express my hope which all the younger fellows should make full use of time.
15.We can hear birds singing happily all around.Everybody sleeps in tents
，
that is very exciting
.
If
that
which
whether
(
二
)
16.John invited about 40 people to his wedding
，
most of who are family members.
17.But the salesgirl didn
’
t understand that the foreigner was saying.
18.The reason why they were always poor was which they paid little attention to education.
19.Everyone has periods in their lives that everything seems very hard.
whom
what
that
when
20.There is no doubt whether our company will make greater and greater contributions to the development of Jinan.
21.
There are two lakes
，
where cover nearly ten thousand space kilometers.
22.I don
’
t know if or not Tom has passed the examination.
23.
Today the world is paying much more attention to that China says and does
.
24.The yellow house which windows face south is the place where I spent my childhood
.
that
which
whether
what
whose
25. Following the instructions on the packet when you take the drug and the drug
，
I think
，
will work soon.
26.The news what he died in the battle has gone around in the village.
27.But I will stay on a health farm which I won
’
t be able to eat much and I
’
ll have to stick to my regular diet for a month.
28.It
’
s a great pity what we won
’
t be able to finish the task on time.
Follow
that
where
that
29.Furthermore
，
we can
’
t overlook the fact it must be operated with a phone and a network.
30.We stood around him and watched attentively
，
after that we started to try by ourselves.
∧
that
which
Ⅲ
.
语法填空
(2016·
安徽江南十校联考
)
My name is Wil Wheaton and I am a nerd(
怪人
).It
’
s awesome to be 1.
nerd.When
I was a little boy
，
people really teased me about that and 2.
(make) me feel like there was something wrong with me for loving strange things.Now that I
’
m an adult
，
考查冠词。设空处后的名词
nerd
在此句中表示泛指，故与不定冠词连用。
答案
解析
a
made
答案
解析
考查动词的时态。根据并列连词
and
可知设空处与前面的谓语动词
teased
并列，又根据上下文关系，可知设空处答案为
made
。
I
’
m a 3
.
___________
(
profession) nerd
，
and the world has changed.I think we 4.
(realize) that being a nerd is not about what you love 5.
about how you love.
考查形容词。设空处后为名词，由此可判断设空处应为形容词。
答案
解析
professional
have realized
考查动词的时态。根据上一句可知此空用现在完成时。
答案
解析
答案
解析
but
考查固定搭配
not...but...
。句意为：我认为我们已经意识到了当一个怪人不是你爱什么而是你怎么去爱。
So there
’
s going to be a thing in your life that you love.I don
’
t know what it
’
s going to be.It might be sports or science or reading or 6
.
______
(
tell) stories—it doesn
’
t matter what it is.Some of us love
Game
of
Thrones
，
while others love
Star
Wars
.But we all love those things so much that we travel 7.
(
thousand) of
miles—which is 8.
(probable) easy for you
，
答案
解析
考查非谓语动词。根据设空处前的
or
及前面的
reading
可知设空处与
reading
并列作表语，故设空处用动名词形式。
telling
考查固定搭配。
thousands of
为固定搭配，意为
“
数以千计的
”
。
thousands
答案
解析
probably
答案
解析
考查副词。根据设空处后的形容词，可知设空处需用副词修饰形容词
(easy)
。
but we
’
re still using fossil fuels
，
so it
’
s difficult—to be around people who love the things that we love the way that we love them.That
’
s 9.
being a nerd is awesome
.
I want you to work hard because everything worth 10.
(do) is hard.I want you to be awesome
，
and I will do my very best to leave you a planet that you can still live on
.
答案
解析
考查
That
’
s why...
句式。
“
why being a nerd is awesome
”
作表语。句意为：那就是成为怪人很可怕的原因。
why
考查固定搭配。
sth
. be
worth doing
意为
“
某事值得做
”
。
答案
解析
doing
Yesterday
our club hold an English speech contest
，
which theme is
“
Challenge Myself
”.
A large number of students attended to the contest and showed their wonderful performances.On the stage
，
though face great pressure
，
the speakers bravely overcame it and challenged them to achieve great success.What
’
s more
，
they impressed us deep with their unusual confidences and performances.
held
whose
facing
themselves
deeply
confidence
Ⅳ
.
短文改错
(2017·
河北衡水中学联考
)
Through such activity
，
we know a lot more about our students. But we have gained much
，
such as self-confidence and honor.Besides
，
our club was growing stronger.
∧
an
And
is
本课结束
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