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- 2021-05-24 发布
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注意
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虚拟条件句与主句的谓语动词
——
与现在事实或将来可能的事实相反，从句用一般过去时
(be
用
were)
；与将来可能的事实相反时还可用
were to/should
＋动词原形，主句用
would/should/could/might
＋动词原形；与过去事实相反，从句用过去完成时，主句用
would/should/could/might have
＋过去分词。
读语篇，悟语法。反复朗读下列短文，领悟画线及黑体部分。思考：什么情况下用虚拟语气；虽同是虚拟语气，但什么情况下用过去式表示，什么情况下用
(should
＋动词原形
)
表示。
My
deskmate
, Mary, treats me
as if she
were
[1]
my sister. She is nice but fat.
If she
were
not so fat
，
she
would
look
[2]
like a super model. Last year, a doctor
advised that she (
should
)
eat
[3]
more vegetables and fruits. He also made
a suggestion that she (
should
)
work
out
[4]
regularly. Besides, he
insisted that she (
should
)
walk
[5]
to school.
If she
had
followed
the doctor
’
s advice, she
would
not
be
so fat now
[6]
. In other words,
if the doctor
had
persuaded
her to do so, she
would
not
have
become
[7]
overweight.
This morning, Mary
’
s mother bought her a new dress. It was really nice. But after she tried it on, she couldn
’
t help shouting,
“
If only I
were
[8]
a little thinner!
How I wish I
hadn
’
t
eaten
[9]
so much junk food before
！
”
Were I Mary,
I
would
make
[10]
a weight loss plan.
If I became overweight in the future
，
I
would
do
[11]
sports every day. Now
it is high time she
changed
[12]
her lifestyle.
Without
a healthy lifestyle, she
wouldn
’
t
be
[13]
able to lose weight. I
would rather she
went
[14]
swimming with me, but she
insists that water sports
are
[15]
not suitable for her. So
it is necessary that she (
should
)
walk
[16]
to school.
1
．在
as if/as though
，
even if/even though
引导的状语从句或表语从句中，与现在事实相反时，从句的谓语动词用一般过去时；与过去事实相反时，从句的谓语动词用过去完成时。
2
．表示与现在事实相反的假设，
if
从句的谓语动词用一般过去时，
(be
一般用
were)
，主句的谓语用
would/should/could/might
＋动词原形。
3
～
5.
在
insist
，
suggest
，
advise
，
order
，
command
，
propose
，
demand
，
require
，
request
等后面的宾语从句的谓语动词用
“
should
＋动词原形
”
，其中的
should
可以省略。在
suggestion
，
advice
，
order
，
command
，
demand
，
requirement
，
request
等名词后面的表语从句或同位语从句中，谓语动词用
“
should
＋动词原形
”
，其中的
should
可以省略。
6
．错综条件句：有时
if
从句中的动作与主句动作发生的时间不一致，这时动词的形式应根据他们表示的时间加以调整。本句的虚拟条件句与过去事实相反，主句与现在事实相反。
7
．表示与过去事实相反的假设，
if
从句的谓语形式用过去完成时，即
“
had
＋过去分词
”
，主句用
“
would/should/could/might
＋
have
＋过去分词
”
。
8
～
9.
在表示愿望的动词
wish
后的宾语从句和
If only(
但愿
)
引出的句子中，需用虚拟语气。表示与现在事实相反，从句或
if only
后的句子的谓语动词用一般过去时；与过去事实相反，从句或
if only
后的句子的谓语动词用过去完成时。
10
．如果
if
从句中含有
were
，
had
或
should
，可将
if
省略，然后将
were
，
had
或
should
提前至主语前，即从句可用半倒装。
11
．表示与将来事实相反的假设，
if
从句的谓语形式用一般过去时，或用
“
were to/should
＋动词原形
”
，主句用
“
would/should/could/might
＋动词原形
”
。
12
．在
It is (high) time that
后的从句中，谓语动词用
“
should(
不能省略
)
＋动词原形
”
或一般过去时都可以。
13
．含蓄条件从句：用连词
otherwise
，
or
，
but
或用介词
but for
，
without
等暗示前面的条件。与现在事实相反，谓语动词用一般过去时；与过去事实相反，谓语动词用过去完成时。其中介词
but for
，
without
表示的虚拟语气，可和
if
引导的假设条件状语从句替换。
14
．
would (had) rather
，
would sooner
用来表达主观愿望，它们之后的宾语从句中需用虚拟语气。谓语动词用一般过去时表示与现在或将来相反，用过去完成时表示与过去事实相反。
15
．动词
insist
表
“
坚持认为，坚持说，坚持某种说法
”
；
suggest
表
“
暗示，表明
”
时，后面从句不用虚拟语气。
16
．在
it is necessary (important
，
natural
，
strange
，
surprising) that
引导的主语从句中，主语从句中的谓语动词用
“
(should)
＋动词原形
”
。
Ⅰ
.
单句填空
(
用所给词的适当形式填空
)
1
．
If I ________(be) you, I would do it in a different way.
2
．
If you had followed my advice just now, you ________(be) fine now.
3
．
He hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball, otherwise he ________________
(score) a goal.
4
．
If I ________(have) a million dollars, I would first donate some of the money to poor children in remote mountainous areas.
5
．
The doctor ordered that she ______________(stay) in bed for a few days.
were
would be
would have scored
had
(should) stay
6
．
It is very important that you ______________(master) the skills of computer.
7
．
English teachers give advice that we ______________(make) good use of every chance to speak English.
8
．
It is high time that we ________________(take) some measures to protect the wild animals.
9
．
How I wish every family ________(have) a large house with a beautiful garden!
10
．
Jane
’
s pale face suggested that she ________(be) ill, and her parents suggested that she ___________(have) a medical examination.
(should) master
(should) make
took/should take
had
was
(should) have
Ⅱ
.
单句改错
(
下列每句中有一处错误，每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改，请指出并改正。
)
1
．
How I wish there are 28 hours a day so that I had more time for fun.____________
2
．
Had he worked hard years ago, he would become very rich.____________________
3
．
If I were a boy again, I will remember that a good skater never tries to skate in two directions at once.____________
4
．
But the fact that China is also affected by the global economic crisis, we would have fewer workers now.____________
are
→
were
在
become
前加
have
will
→
would
在
But
后加
for
5
．
It might have been done better if you have been more careful.________________
6
．
I actually believe that we would be in Xi
’
an now if you hadn
’
t caught drunk while driving last month.__________________
7
．
It is high time that we establish an honest and fair system of education.
________________________________________________
8
．
Mr. Li, my English teacher, speaks English as if he is an Englishman.____________
9
．
Tibet is so mysteriously described by some people that I think if only I can go there.____________
10
．
I
’
d rather he goes to the theatre tomorrow.____________
第二个
have
→
had
在
caught
前加
been
establish
→
established
或在
establish
前加
should
is
→
were
can
→
could
goes
→
went
Ⅲ
.
语篇填空
(
阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空白处填入
1
个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
)
Tom and Peter are twins. They look as if they 1.________ (be) the same person. Both the two boys are smart, but Tom is hard-working while Peter is
lazy.Tom
always wins the first place in the exams, which suggests that he 2.________ ( be ) hard-working. Peter could do better
，
3.________ he doesn
’
t want to work
hard.People
believe if Peter 4.________ (work) as hard as Tom
，
he would do as well as his brother in his study.
At home, their parents make a suggestion that they 5.________ (do) the dishes in turn and insist that they 6.________ (finish) their homework before playing computer games. But Peter insists that it 7.________ (be) also OK to play games first as long as he can hand in his homework in time. Their mother gives in in the end.
One day, when doing his homework, Tom found he made a serious mistake. So, he put the exercise-book aside and used another one. When Peter found the previous exercise-book, he struck out
Tom
’
s
name and signed his name on its cover happily, and handed it in as his own homework the next day.
When the teacher told the truth to the twins
’
mother, she kept silent first but her expression suggested that she 8.________ ( be ) angry. Later, she shouted at Peter:
“
How I wish you 9.________ (be) as diligent as your brother! Now it
’
s time that I 10.________ (give) you a good lesson. And I insist that you 11.________ (not play) any computer games for a whole month too. Remember to do as I ask you to
，
12.________
，
you would be forbidden to touch the computer for a year
！
”
“Oh, no! Mom.13.________ computer for such a long time, I would die. I would rather you 14.________ (ask) me to do the dishes for a month
alone.”Peter
was upset.
“If you 15.________ (finish) your homework on time yesterday, you wouldn
’
t be punished now.” said the mother.
【语篇导读】
汤姆和彼特虽然长得很像且都很聪明，但学习上却一勤一懒，各不相同，甚至有一次彼特还因偷懒，投机取巧，闹出了笑话。
1
．
were
[as if
引导的表语从句是与现在事实相反的情况，从句谓语用一般过去时，
be
一般用
were
。
]
2
．
is
[suggests
表示
“
表明，说明
”
，其后的宾语从句的谓语动词用陈述语气。
]
3
．
but
[
“
本来可以做得更好
”
与
“
不愿努力学
”
是转折关系，故用连词
but
。
]
4
．
worked
[if
表示与现在事实相反的假设，从句谓语动词用一般过去时。
]
5
．
(should) do
[
在表示
“
建议
”
的
suggestion
后的同位语从句中，谓语动词用
(should) do
。
]
6
．
(should) finish
[
在
insist
表示
“
坚决要求
”
时，其后的宾语从句的谓语动词用
“
(should)
＋动词原形
”
。
]
7
．
is
[
该句的
insists
表示
“
坚持认为
”
，其宾语从句的谓语动词用陈述语气。
]
8
．
was
[suggested
表示
“
表明，说明
”
，其宾语从句的谓语动词用陈述语气。
]
9
．
were
[
在表示愿望的
wish
后的宾语从句，其宾语从句的谓语动词用一般过去式表示现在的愿望。
]
10
．
gave
或
should give
[
在
It
’
s time that
句型的
that
从句中，谓语动词用一般过去时或
“
should
＋动词原形
”
。
]
11
．
(should) not play
[
句中
insist
表示
“
坚决要求
”
，其宾语从句的谓语用
“
(should)
＋动词原形
”
。
]
12
．
or/otherwise
[
由后面句中的谓语
would be
可知，前面用
or
或
otherwise(
否则
)
来表示虚拟条件。
]
13
．
Without
[
由后面的
would die
可知，填
without
表示虚拟条件。
]
14
．
asked
[
在
would rather
后的从句中，用一般过去时表示现在或将来。
]
15
．
had finished
[
表示与过去事实相反的情况，虚拟条件句的谓语用过去完成时。
]
第二课时
写作增分
课
虚拟语气在写作中的增分点
一、使用
“
虚拟语气
”
表达
“
愿望
”
1
．我多么希望我能更聪明一些，精力更充沛一些。
(how I wish, more intelligent, more energetic)
_______________________________________________
2
．要是我上初中时没把时间浪费在看小说上该多好啊。
(if only, waste time in doing, read novels, in junior high school)
______________________________________________________________________
How I wish I were more intelligent and more energetic.
If only I hadn’t wasted the time in reading novels when I was in junior high school.
3
．是该你尽最大努力来赶上别人的时候了。
(it
’
s high time that, catch up with others)
____________________________________________________________
4
．我想你明天还是不来的好。
(I would rather)
_____________________________________
5
．他在课堂上如此昏昏欲睡，好像他几天都没睡过觉一样。
(sleepy, in class, as if)
___________________________________________________________
It’s high time that you tried/should try your best to catch up with others.
I would rather you didn’t come tomorrow.
He was so sleepy in class as if he hadn’t slept a wink for several days.
6
．我感到如此恶心。我希望母亲没有逼我吃那么多。
(sick, wish, force)
__________________________________________________
二、在写作中巧妙运用虚拟条件句
1
．如果当时我身上钱足够的话，我就把那本书买下来了。
(have enough money with me)
_______________________________________________________________
2
．如果明天下雨，野餐将会取消。
(put off, until next week
；条件句用三种方法翻译
)
________________________________________________________________
I feel so
sick.I
wish Mum hadn’t forced me to eat so much.
If I had enough money with me at that time, I would have bought the book.
If it rained/should rain/were to rain tomorrow, the picnic would be cancelled.
3
．如果你过去学英语方法正确的话，你的英语现在就不会这么糟。
(learn English in the right way, so bad)
________________________________________________________________________
________
___
________________________________________
4
．如果计划有变化，我会立即通知你。
(should there be, change, the plan, inform, immediately)
________________________________________________________________________
5
．要是你再早一点儿来的话，你就不会受到惩罚了。
(had you, punish)
________________________________________________________________________
__________________________
If you had learned English in the right way, it wouldn’t be so bad now./Had you learned English in the right way
，
it wouldn’t be so bad now.
Should there be any change about the plan, I would inform you immediately.
Had you come earlier, you wouldn’t have been punished./If you had come earlier
，
you wouldn’t have been punished.
三、学会熟练使用含蓄条件句
1
．
在竞赛中他本可以得金牌，但他却在比赛开始时就摔倒了。
(win a gold medal, but, fall over)
_________________________________________________________________
2
．
如果没有电，生活对于许多人来说将是痛苦的。
(without, miserable)
____________________________________________________
He could have won a gold medal, but he fell over immediately the race began.
Without electricity, life would be miserable for many people.
3
．路上堵车了，要不然我早就到了。
(be caught in, otherwise, be here earlier)
______________________________________________________________
4
．要不是你的帮助，我在作文竞赛中就得不了一等奖。
(but for, the first prize, the English Writing Competition)
_______________________________________________________________________
I was caught in the traffic jam; otherwise I would have come here earlier.
But for your help, I wouldn’t have won the first prize in the English Writing Competition.
四、用
“
(
should
＋
)
动词原形
”
来表达
“
想让某人做某事
”
1
．他坚持说他从来没有见过那支钢笔，并坚持要她道歉。
(insist, make an apology)
________________________________________________________________
2
．医生脸上吃惊的表情表明我母亲的病很严重，医生建议她马上动手术。
(the surprised look, suggest, illness, serious, be operated on)
________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________
He insisted that he had never seen the pen and insisted she make an apology.
The surprised look on the doctor’s face suggested that my mother’s illness was serious and he suggested she be operated on at once.
3
．要求每个学生在听报告时要记笔记。
(request, take notes, while)
____________________________________________________________
4
．我们催促政府马上采取行动。
(urge, the government, take measures)
____________________________________________
It is requested that every student take notes while listening to the report.
We urge that the government take measures at once.