2019届二轮复习短文改错命题特点变化及解题点拨课件（35张） 35页

2019 届二轮复习 短文改错命题特点变化及解题点拨 一、短文改错的命题特点 　　 高考英语短文改错取材通常是类似学生的作品，以叙述文为主，内容相对完整，一般是 100 词左右的短文，每行平均 10 个词左右，每行设一个小题。该项考察内容均在考试大纲规定的范围以内，主要包括词汇、短语、句型和语法，并兼顾语篇。近几年的短文改错题设置的错误一般为，多词（题）、少词（ 1 题）、错词（ 8 题），为了考查学生辨别正误的能力，还设置了一题，该行无错。 二、短文改错的命题分析 　　考生做短文改错题时，首先要判断错误，然后才能考虑怎样去改正错误。我们将以部分高考短文改错题为例，谈谈多词、少词和错词对语篇正确性的影响。 1 、 多词 ：多词往往影响了词组的固定搭配。例如： Sudden1y, I caught a sight of my English 　 teacher in the crowd_____. I have neither brothers nor sisters--in any other words, I am an only child ． _____. “catch sigh of” 意为 “ 看见 ” 是一个固定搭配的词组，冠词 a 是多余的词 。 in other words 是一个固定搭配的词组。 any 多余 2 ． 少词 ：少词往往破坏了句子的结构。 a. The day before the speech contest English 　 teacher talked to me . 　 _____ b. My parents love me dear1y of course and will do all they can make sure that I get a good education. _____ English teacher 前应有限定词，根据上下文的内容 “ English 之前应加上物主代词 “ my ” 。 根据题意，应在 “ make ” 之前加上 “ to ” ， “ to 　 make 　 sure ” 为不定式短语，在该句中作目的状语 。 ∧ ∧ c. The weather was 　 fine. 　 It was about noon we arrived at the foot of the mountain. ___. 该句 when 　 we 　 arrived 　 at the foot 　 of… 为定语从句，修饰 “ noon” ，关系副词 when 引导该从句，并在从句中担任时间状语，根据语法规则，不能省略。 ∧ 3. 错词 ：错词往往引起句法、词法和语篇含义的错误。这类错误主要表现在以下几个方面： （ 1 ）名词单复数的一致，例如 ： a. They want me to devote all my time to my studies so that I”ll get good marks in all my subject ． _____ b. On the way up I was busy taking picture. _____ （ 2 ）动词的时态和非谓语动词的形式 a. I remembered her words and calm down. I did a good job and won the first. ____ ———— subjects pictures calmed ———— ———— b. On the way up I was busy taking pictures since the scenery was so beautiful. The time passes quickly. Evening came down. _____ (3 ）连词的误用 a. Sudden1y, I caught sight of my English teacher in the crowd. She was smiling but nodding at me. _____ b. We spent the night in a hotel at the top of the mountain. The food was expensive and the service was good._____ —— ———— passed —— and but 三、 短文改错的解题技巧 1 ． 进行快速阅读，根据语感去判断正误 考生学了多年的英语，朗读与背诵了一定量的课文，己初步具有了一 定的语感。因此，快速阅读短文有助于考生从语篇整体上去把握该文的错误所在。一般说来，具有一定水平的考生，快速阅读短文一遍，发现几个明显的错误是完全有可能的。。例如： a. I felt so nervous as I shook like a leaf. There were so many people. _____ b. It was about noon when we arrived at the foot of the mountain. The three of them were very excited. As we climbed the mountain ， _____ that — ——— us 2 ． 设置多处疑点，带着问题去判断正误 以上分析可以看出，错词主要涉及到词在句子和语篇中的功用，因此，如不能迅速在该行中找出错误，可先设置几个疑点，再逐个考虑。如看到该行中的动词，便应考虑到该动词的时态、语态、语气是否正确，该处应该是谓语动词还是非谓语动词，与词后的介词搭配是否适当。看到该行中的名词，便应考虑该名词形式应该是单数还是复数，该词前是否应该加冠词等等。 改错口诀改错题，技巧多，五大问题容易错。 非谓语、相关词、动词、名词、形容词、主谓一致和从句 先看时态大背景，背景不符时态误。 “使”动词要分清，看到 V-ed 想 V-ing ，主语为人用 -ed 主语为物用 -ing 遇见 a /an 要想 the ，分清可数不可数。 But ,and 再加 or ，关联词语不可混。 But/however 要分清，关键要看小逗点。 动词、名词、形容词、作用位置看搭配。 Either 否定 too 肯定， also 放在句中间。 Too 与 also 可互换，需有标点放两边。 除去之外还有余， except 改为 besides 。 访问某人要用 on ，访问某地要用 at ， 单复同形需牢记，牛羊鹿鱼和警察。 前后主谓要一致，单对单，双对双。 否定词语放句首，句子要用倒装句。 定语从句无 what, 所有从句要成述。 V-ing V-ed interest / move / disappoint / excite / tire / inspire /encourage / frighten / shock / terrify/ inspire /satisfy / discourage S + be + 3 ． 除思维定势，分析结构去判断正误 思维定势可以增加我们解题的速度，让我们在阅读短文时能迅速找出该行的错误，但有时也会影响我们的思路，干扰我们的判断与推理。例如： Wherever I see them I will often think of my English teacher. _____. “ think of ” 中文含义为“常常想起我的老师”似乎是正确的，但该句逻辑意义是错误的，应该去掉 “ often” / b. I was so tired that I fell asleep at the moment my head touched the pillow. “at the moment” 是一个固定词组，意为 “ 此刻 ” 或 “ 当时 ” 等。而该句在短文中的实际含义为 “ 我是如此的疲倦，以至于我的头一碰到枕头就人睡了 ” 。 “ the 　 moment ” 在该句中相当于 “ 正当 …… 的那一刹那间 ” （　＝ as 　 soon 　 as ） 4 ． 注意句子整体，排除干扰去判断正误 　　 由于 “ 短文改错 ” 每行一般 10 个词左右，所以往往一个完整句子会占据二、三行。有些考生视觉往往会集中在某一行中，忽略了该句的整体或是整个语篇的逻辑含义。而作者有时就会把错误设置在句首与上文衔接处或是句尾与下文的衔接处。例如： Mountain in Sichuan. As everyone knows, it’s famous 76_____ mountain with all kinds of plants and animals. 　　 ∧ a 该题的含义为 “ 它是著名的山脉 ” 而不是 “ 它是著名的 ” ，其表语不是形容词 “ famous ” 而是 “ a famous mountain ” ，因此，冠词 “ a ” 往往容易被忽视。 5. 常归纳一些改错技巧 1. 平行现象 1 ） 借助并列连词 and , or , but , as well as 等引起的平行现象。 例 1. It was very kind of them to meet me at the railway station and drove me to their home 例 2. I am very happy with any program but the others spent a lot of time arguing . was — drive —— 例 3. They did not want me to do any work at home ; they want me to devote all my time to my studies . 例 4. Charles and Manson do all these things as well as climbed the buildings . —— do climb ——— 二 . 借助一些固定搭配和句型如 not only …but also , rather than , not … but , prefer … to 等表达平行概念。 Playing football not only makes us grow tall and strong but also give us a sense of fair play and team spirit . 2. He said it was best to stay until help arrived rather than go into the forest and getting lost . —— gives —— get 3. I prefer riding on an empty bus to ride on a crowded bus . —— riding 三 . 借助于结构相同、意义相近、语气一致的三个或三个以上的词组或语句并列使用，表达平行概念。 Modern people know more about health , have better food and to live in cleaner surroundings . 2. I told Mother , Father , Sister , all my friends here what a great time I had . ——— live ∧ and 四 . 其它形式表示平行概念 。 1. The first thing she could do was to go up to her trainer and thanked her for all the help she had given her . 2. The watch - maker said repair the old watch would cost nearly as much as buying a new one . 3. The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier , not to make it difficult . ——— thank repairing ——— more ∧ —— 四、短文改错的注意事项 　　 1 ．短文改错训练时不应该把它视为单句改错，因为单句改错多是语言形式或是语法形式的错误，而短文改错中的错误则要从整篇文章的结构和内容考虑，往往要在不同程度上借助于语境进行判断，通过上下文的逻辑关系，才能发现错误。　　 2 ．每年教育部考试中心印制的英语考试说明都对短文改错的答题要求作出十分明确的说明，并附有规范的样题。然而，依然有不少考生不按规范答题而造成不同程度的技术失分，主要失误有： 1 、只在右边的横线上答题，而忽视了在左边的短文上注上 2 、左右边的符号不规范，甚至用文字来说明。 3 、左边短文中改动的标记过多，难以辨认正误。  以上这类问题在平时训练时就应该给予足够的重视。 单句练习 I. 时态与语态 1.I remembered the whole thing as if it was happened just yesterday. 2. The party the students had been looking forward to being held yesterday evening at last. 3.The thief has caught climbing over the garden wall. 4.Great changes have been taken place in our hometown since 1978. _____ ＼ was ___ was ＼ 5.In the past two years he made great progress in maths. 6.I’m sorry to say that I fail in English exam this time. 7.A man who named James made it in 1892. 8.He found that a bag of corn had stolen from his house. ∧ has ___ failed ∧ was ∧ been II. 固定搭配 1.We called at Mr. Smith yesterday. 2.The novel is very worth reading. 3.She has been married with a man with little money for ten years. 4.The policeman caught the thief by his arm. 5.Though he has worked for ten hours,yet he felt not a little tired. __ on ___ well ___ to __ the ____ bit 三、代词前后一致 1.The Smiths did his best to make me feel at home. 2.We found some wood and carried them back to the cave. 3.This pair of shoes is a bit tight.Show me another one. 4.Kate and her sister went on holiday with a cousin of hers. 5.At the beginning of the basketball match,the team were not sure of himself. 6.Your clothes are dirty.You should change it now. __ their ____ it ___ pair ___ theirs ______ __ them themselves IV. 主谓一致 1.Early to bed and early to rise are a good habit. 2.There are a chair and some desks in the room. 3.The old likes to look back upon the old days. 4.Collecting stamps need a lot of money. 5.Those who wants to come raise your hands please. ___ is ___ is ____ like ____ needs ____ want 即时检测（一） 下面各句中有一处错误，请选出。 1. Taking care of their grandson bring them great joy . A B C D 2. Help yourself to eat some bananas,Bob. A B C D 3.I’ve read most of the book .The rest of them are boring . A B C D 4. Don’t worry about me.Mike and his family is so kind A B C to me. D brings / books are 5.Soon a cool wind started to blow and black clouds were A B C covered the sun. D 6.When I tried to sit up , I felt a pain on my back and could A B C not moved . D 7.Put the little plants in the shade so that the sun won’t A B C burn it . D / move them 8.The woman who had caught stealing stole a A B C D watch. 9. Anyone who breaks the law will be put in the A B C prison . D 10. This pair of sunglasses are beautiful.I like it A B C D very much. ∧ been / is 即时检测（一） My favorite sport is football.I was a member of 1.________ our school football team.We practise for three times 2.________ every week and often watch football match on TV 3.________ together.Play football not only makes us grow up 4.________ tall and strong but also give us a sense of fair play 5.________ and team spirit.We must keeps in mind that we play 6.______ for the team instead ourselves.Also,the sport 7.________ teaches us the important of obedience( 服从 ). Each 8.________ player must obey captain,who is the leader of 9.________ the team.And they must not break the rules too 10.________ often if we want to win the game. ___ am for _____ matches ____ Playing ___ gives keep ∧ of ________ importance ∧ the ____ we 即时检测（二） After I finished the school this year,I began 1.________ to look for work.Now several month later,I still 2._________ hadn’t found the job that I was interested .Last Sunday 3.________ morning I received a phone call from a man calling him 4.———— Mr.Smith.He said to me on the phone, “I hear you do 5.________ very well in you studies.I may have a job for you.” 6._________ I entered his office with a beaten heart.How I hoped 7.________ that I will go through the job-hunting talk today and he 8.________ would take me on as a lab assistant.But to my surprised, 9.——----- what he said disappointing.He only needed a model. 10._______ ∧ in ___ would ___ himself ＼ the ＼ ____ months __ did your _____ beating _______ surprise ∧ was The Problem with Television Now I can’t watch much television but a few years ago 1.________ I was used to watch it every night. I was often 2.________ a little tired after a day’s work and watch TV 3.________ demands very little effort. Unfortunate, there are 4.________ too many people among my family.Some wanted 5._________ to see the programme while others preferred 6._________ another.I am happy with any programme but 7.________ the others spent a lot time arguing and there 8.________ was no way of settled the matter except by 9._________ selling the set.Now someone at home reads instead. 10.________ much was _____ watching __________ Unfortunately ______ in ___ one __ was ∧ of settling ______ everyone 即时检测（四） Baseball( 棒球 ) is one of America’s favorite sport. 1.________ Many big cities where have professional( 职业的 )baseball 2.________ teams.The baseball season are from April to October. 3.________ During the baseball season,millions people go to 4.________ stadiums to watch baseball.People also watched 5.________ baseball in TV and listen to games on the radio. 6.________ People of all ages like play baseball.Many 7.________ child pay Little League baseball in the spring and 8.________ summer.Many adults enjoy baseball either. 9.________ They play after work and at weekends. 10.________ ∧ of ______ watch ____ sports ＼ where ＼ __ is __ on ___ playing ____ children _____ too on 即时检测（五） In Wednesday morning,Tom was walking along 1._______ the streets.Suddenly he heard two shots.It came 2.________ from the bank.He ran to the bank but saw 3._______ a man coming out of.The man was short and 4.________ fat with red hair.He had a bag of money or 5.________ a gun in his hands.The man ran away and was 6._______ disappeared behind the bus. That afternoon Tom 7._______ went a film.He saw the thief again and phoned the 8.________ police.They caught the thief.How an exciting day 9.________ for Tom!The bank gave him ﹩100 for a reward. 10._______ — They ＼ was ＼ ∧ to __ On — and ＼ of ＼ __ and a ____ What ___ as