2019版一轮复习英语译林版必修三Unit3Backtothepast单元学案设计（45页） 44页

‎2019版一轮复习英语译林版必修三Unit3 Back to the past单元学案设计 自然与环境之(二)——消失的文明 ‎ [一积词汇见多识广]　‎ ‎[课内单词回扣]‎ ‎(一)阅读词汇写其义 ‎1．civilization n．文明　　　　　　　　 2.ceremony n．仪式，典礼 ‎3．flee vt.& vi.逃避，逃跑；迅速离开 4.disaster n．灾难 ‎5．commercial adj.商业的，贸易的 6.scholar n．学者 ‎7．institute n．机构，研究所_ 8.document n．文献，文件 ‎9．pour vi.涌流，倾泻 vt.倒出(液体) 10.memorial n．纪念馆adj.纪念的 ‎11．march vi.& n．前进，进发；游行 12.court n．法院，法庭；球场；宫廷 ‎(二)表达词汇写其形 ‎1．lecture n．讲座 2.found vt.兴建，创建 ‎3．destroy vt.毁坏，摧毁 4.ruin n．废墟vt.破坏 ‎5．complain vi.抱怨 6.audience n．观众，听众 ‎7．declare vt.宣布，宣称 8.ahead adv.在前面；提前；领先 ‎9．material n．材料；物质 adj.物质的 10.judge v．判断n.法官；裁判员 ‎(三)拓展词汇灵活用 ‎*1.unfortunate adj.不幸的，遗憾的→unfortunately adv.不幸地，倒霉地；令人遗憾地→fortunate adj.幸运的→fortunately adv.幸运地→fortune n．财富；幸运 ‎*2.gradually adv.渐渐地，逐渐地→gradual adj.渐渐的，逐渐的 ‎*3.remains n．遗物，遗迹，遗骸→remain v．遗留，剩余；继续存在→remaining adj.剩余的 ‎*4.expression n．表达；表情，神色→express vt.表达，表示 ‎　5.powerful adj.强有力的→power n．动力，权力 ‎*6.educate vt.教育→education n．教育，培养→educator n．教育者，教育家 ‎*7.aware adj.意识到的，知道的；察觉到的→awareness n．认识，意识 ‎　8.basis n．基础；基准；原因→basic adj.基础的→base n．基地；根基；基础 v．以……为基础 ‎　9.poison n．毒药(物)vt.毒害，下毒→poisonous adj.有毒的 用上面加*号的单词的适当形式填空 ‎1．Tim thought he did everything fortunately. He wanted to make a fortune in the USA, but unfortunately,_he died halfway.‎ ‎2．She devoted her remaining years to the cause of studying the remains of the Forbidden City.‎ ‎3．It is time someone made him aware of the effects of his actions.If so, he can gradually raise public moral awareness.‎ ‎4．He got a little education because of poverty, so he always educates his children to value the chance of study. Later, his son became a great educator.‎ ‎5．As is known to all, education is a gradual process, and people are gradually aware of its importance.‎ ‎6．The puzzled expression on her face suggested that she didn't know how she could express her feelings properly.‎ ‎[话题单词积累]‎ ‎1．dynasty /'dɪnəstɪ/ n．　　　朝代 ‎2．emperor /'emp(ə)rə/ n. 皇帝 ‎ ‎3．origin /'ɒrɪdʒɪn/ n. 起源；由来 ‎4．sacrifice /'sækrɪfaɪs/ vt. 牺牲 ‎5．survive /sə'vaɪv/ vt.& vi. 幸存下来； 幸免于 ‎6．ancient /'eɪnʃ(ə)nt/ adj. 古代的 ‎7．primitive /'prɪmɪtɪv/ adj. 原始的；远古的 ‎8．kingdom /'kɪŋdəm/ n. 王国 ‎9．constitution /kɒnstɪ'tjuːʃ(ə)n/ n. 宪法，章程 ‎10．conference /'kɒnf(ə)r(ə)ns/ n．　 大会 ‎11．conservative /kən'sɜːvətɪv/ n．　　保守派，守旧者 ‎12．period /'pɪərɪəd/ n. 时期，时代 ‎13．religious /rɪ'lɪdʒəs/ adj. 宗教的 ‎14．racial /'reɪʃ(ə)l/ adj. 种族的 ‎15．illegally /i'liːgəli/adv. 非法地 ‎ ‎16．abolish /ə'bɒlɪʃ/ vt. 废除；取消 ‎17．immigrant /'ɪmɪgr(ə)nt/ n. 移民 ‎18．capital /'kæpɪt(ə)l/ n. 首府，省会 ‎19．preserve /prɪ'zɜːv/ vt. 保护；保存 ‎20．desert /'dezət/ n. 沙漠 ‎21．case /keɪs/ n. 案例 ‎22．urban /'ɜːb(ə)n/ adj. 城市的；郊区的 ‎23．local /'ləʊk(ə)l/ adj. 当地的 ‎24．remote /rɪ'məʊt/ adj. 偏远的；偏僻的 ‎25．bay /beɪ/ n. 湾；海湾 ‎26．coast /kəʊst/ n. 海岸；海滨 ‎ ‎27．stream /striːm/ n. 小河；溪流 ‎28．jungle /'dʒʌŋg(ə)l/ n. 丛林，密林 ‎[二积短语顿挫抑扬]　‎ ‎[课内短语回扣]‎ ‎(一)根据汉语写出下列短语 ‎*1.take_over 夺取；接管　 　 　　　2.in_memory_of 纪念 ‎　3.no_doubt 无疑，确实 　4.rise_up_against 起义，反抗 ‎*5.stand_in_one's_path阻碍(某人) 　6.come_down_with 患(病)‎ ‎　7.be_buried_alive 被活埋 　8.turn_out 结果是，证明是 ‎*9.break_down毁掉；身体垮掉 　10.together_with 与……一起 ‎　11.pour_out 涌出 　12.focus_on集中(精力)于 ‎*13.carry_out实施；执行 *14.on_board_在船上(飞机上或火车上)‎ ‎　15.have_enough_of感到厌烦 　16.make_sb._aware_of 让某人意识到 ‎(二)用上面加*号的短语完成下列句子 ‎1．Epidemics, maybe from a single person with a virus, spread very quickly until they take_over the population and appear to be everywhere.‎ ‎2．He has a bad temper and will not listen to anybody, so you'd better not stand_in_his_path.‎ ‎3．When the car broke_down on the highway for a third time, John's patience completely ran out.‎ ‎4．A survey carried_out throughout the country shows young people in the city do not want to have a second child.‎ ‎5．A small plane crashed into a hillside five miles east of the city, killing all four people on_board.‎ ‎[话题短语积累]‎ ‎1．belong to 　　属于 ‎2．in peace 和平 ‎3．at war 交战 ‎4．turn against 背叛 ‎5．cultural relics 文化遗迹 ‎6．defend ...against ... 防御……‎ ‎7．date back to 追溯到 ‎8．date from 起源于，始于 ‎9．break out 爆发 ‎10．in memory of 为了纪念……‎ ‎11．have a history of 有……的历史 ‎12．be rich in 富含；盛产 ‎13．be separate from 与……分离 ‎14．be located in/lie in 坐落于/位于 ‎15．look into 调查 ‎16．cover an area of ... 占地面积为……‎ ‎17．take on a new look 呈现新面貌 ‎18．off the coast of 在……海岸附近 ‎19．at the top/foot of 在……的顶部/ 底部(脚下)‎ ‎ [三积句式写作扮靓]　‎ ‎[课内句式仿写]‎ ‎1．全部倒装结构 ‎ ‎[例句]　Near the city was a volcano.‎ ‎[仿写]　一个美丽的现代都市——泰安就坐落于泰山脚下。(2017·北京高考满分作文)‎ At_the_foot_of_Mount_Tai_sits a beautiful modern city — Tai'an.‎ ‎2．动名词的复合结构(名词＋v.ing形式)‎ ‎[例句]　The desert was once a green land with huge trees, but they were cut down and that resulted in the city being buried by sand — what a pity!‎ ‎[仿写]　你还记得约翰和他父亲去年圣诞节来看我们吗？‎ Do you remember John_and_his_father_coming to see us last Christmas?‎ ‎3．“with＋宾语＋介词短语”复合结构 ‎[例句]　In less than 9 minutes, the ship sank with 1,177 men on board. ‎ ‎[仿写]　他站在一块大岩石上，面朝着大海。‎ He stood on a big rock with_his_face_towards_the_sea.‎ ‎[话题佳句背诵]‎ ‎1．This building which has a long history can date back to the Ming Dynasty.‎ 这座有着悠久历史的建筑可以追溯到明朝。‎ ‎2．In ancient times, the fast way to travel was to ride a horse or carriage.‎ 在古代，最快的旅行方式是骑马或坐马车。‎ ‎3．Only when the system has been abolished will it be possible to abolish poverty, unemployment and war.‎ 只有废除了这种制度才有可能消除贫困、失业和战争。‎ ‎4．Located in the south of China, Guangzhou is considered as one of the most modern cities in our country.‎ 广州位于中国南方，被认为是我国最具现代化的城市之一。‎ ‎5．Canada, which is the second largest country in the world, covers ‎ an area of 9.97 million square kilometers.‎ 加拿大，世界第二大国，占地面积为997万平方千米。‎ ‎[四背语段语感流畅]　‎ Cultural remains belong to human beings instead of individuals.It has turned out to be true.‎ However, a lot of people take great pains to take over them illegally. Some have been destroyed while only a few have survived. In order to avoid this, police should be sent to look into the cases. There is no doubt that it is necessary to carry out the laws to preserve the Chinese ancient civilization.‎ 文化遗产属于全人类，而不是个人。这一点已被证明是正确的。‎ 然而，很多人煞费苦心地非法夺取它们。有些已经被破坏，仅有少数幸存下来。 为了避免这种情况，应派警方调查这些案件。毫无疑问，贯彻落实法律来保护中国古代文明是必要的。‎ ‎ [第一板块　重点词汇突破]　‎ ‎[师生共研词汇]‎ ‎1．flee vt.& vi.逃避，逃跑；迅速离开 ‎　[教材原句]　It turns out that after the ash covered the people who failed to flee the city, their bodies nearly completely broke down and disappeared, leaving empty spaces in the ash.‎ 原来，火山灰覆盖了没能逃离城市的人，他们的身体几乎全部烧化消失了，只留下火山灰里的人形空当。‎ flee to ...　　　　　　　　　　　逃到某地 flee from ...(＝escape from) 从……逃离 ‎①When the war broke out, he fled_to Yunnan of China with his ‎ wife.‎ 战争爆发后，他携妻子逃到了中国云南。‎ ‎②The people got into a panic and fled_from the fire.‎ 人们惊恐万状地逃离了火灾现场。‎ ‎2．ruin n．[C](pl.)废墟，遗迹；[U]毁坏，毁灭，崩溃vt.破坏；毁灭；使破产 ‎　[教材原句]　A scholar from the local cultural institute, Professor Zhang, told us that around the year 1900 the European explorer Sven Hedin discovered the ruins of the Loulan Kingdom.‎ 当地文化研究所的一位学者张教授告诉我们，大约在1900年，欧洲探险家斯文·海定发现了楼兰王国的遗址。‎ ‎(1)lie/be in ruins　　　　　成为废墟 come/go/fall to ruin 毁灭；灭亡；崩溃 bring ...to ruin 使……毁灭/没落/破产 be reduced to ruins 沦为废墟 ‎(2)ruin oneself 毁掉自己；自取灭亡 ruin one's health/fame/future 毁掉某人的健康/声誉/前途 ‎①A number of high buildings have arisen where there was nothing a year ago but ruins (ruin)．‎ 一些高楼大厦已经出现在一年前仅是废墟的地方。‎ ‎②That city lay/was_in_ruins after the hurricane.‎ 飓风过后，那座城市成了一片废墟。‎ ‎③Drunk driving not only ruined_himself but also killed several passersby.‎ 醉驾不仅毁掉了他自己还害死了几名过路人。‎ ‎3．remains n．遗物，遗迹，遗骸；剩余物 ‎　[教材原句]　Sven found the remains of buildings buried beneath the sand, together with a lot of treasures, including coins, painted pots, material such as silk, documents and wall paintings.‎ 斯文发现了埋藏于沙下的建筑遗迹以及许多宝藏，包括钱币、带有画的壶、像丝绸这样的布料、文献以及壁画。‎ ‎(1)the remains of ...　　　　……的遗迹 ‎(2)remain＋ ‎(3)remaining adj. 剩余的 ‎①The poor man ate the remains (remain) of the dishes hungrily.‎ 这个可怜的人狼吞虎咽地吃着盘子里的剩菜。‎ ‎②It remains to_be_seen (see) whether the news that a new library will be built in our school is true.‎ 我们学校将建一个新图书馆的消息是否真实有待证实。‎ ‎③The guests came in, but she remained seated (seat) at the desk reading.‎ 客人们都来了，但她还坐在写字台旁读书。‎ ‎[名师点津]　当表示“剩余的，剩下的”意思时，常把remaining放在被修饰词之前作前置定语，而left常放在被修饰词之后作后置定语。‎ ‎④She used the remaining 50 dollars/50 dollars left to buy her mother a gift.‎ 她用剩下的50美元给妈妈买了一件礼物。‎ ‎4．complain vi.抱怨 ‎　[教材原句]　One complained that the room was not clean and that it was not very comfortable either.‎ 有人抱怨说房间不干净而且也很不舒适。‎ ‎(1)complain that ...　　　　　　　抱怨……‎ complain (to sb.) about/of sth. (向某人)抱怨某事 ‎ (2)complaint n. 抱怨； 投诉 make a complaint against/about ...　对……投诉 ‎①He constantly complains_about all the inconvenience caused by his neighbours.‎ 他总是抱怨邻居给他带来的不便。‎ ‎②If you have a complaint (complain) about your holiday, please inform us in writing.‎ 如果您对您的假日有什么意见，请书面告知我们。‎ ‎③I'd like to make_a_complaint about the noise.‎ 我要就噪音问题投诉。‎ ‎5．declare vt.宣布，宣称；宣告；声明 ‎　[教材原句]　The next day, US President Franklin Roosevelt declared war against Japan.‎ 第二天，美国总统富兰克林·罗斯福对日本宣战。‎ declare sb./sth. to be　　　　宣布某人或某事……‎ declare for/against 表示赞成/反对……‎ declare war (on/against) (向……)宣战 declare that 宣布……‎ ‎①We declare_that these decisions shall not be carried into practice.‎ 我们宣布将不执行这些决议。‎ ‎②The court declared the accused man to_be (be) innocent.‎ 法庭宣布被告无罪。‎ ‎③In September 1939, Britain declared_war_on Germany after Germany invaded Poland.‎ ‎1939年9月，在德国入侵波兰后，英国向德国宣战。‎ ‎6．aware adj.意识到的，知道的；察觉到的 ‎　[教材原句]　In many cases, his questions made his students aware of their own errors.‎ 在很多情况下，他的问题使他的学生意识到他们自己的错误。‎ ‎(1)be aware that ...　　　　　知道/体会到……‎ be/become aware of 知道/意识到 make sb. aware of/that ... 使某人意识到 as far as I'm aware 据我所知 ‎(2)awareness n. 认识，意识 develop an awareness of ... 逐渐懂得……‎ ‎①Drivers should be_aware_of the danger of driving after drinking.‎ 司机应当意识到酒后驾车的危险。‎ ‎②The travel made_her_aware_of the beauty of nature.‎ 这次旅行让她体会到了大自然的美好。‎ ‎③UNESCO recently set April 30 as a day to raise_awareness_of jazz music, its significance, and its potential as a unifying voice across cultures.(2017·全国卷Ⅰ阅读)‎ 最近联合国教科文组织将4月30日定为一个纪念日，以此来提高人们对爵士音乐、其重要性以及它作为跨文化整合声音的潜力的认识。‎ ‎7．judge n．法官，审判员；裁判员v.判断；审判；裁判 ‎　[经典例句]　At his trial, he defended himself by asking his judges yet more questions.‎ 在他的审判中，他向法官问了更多的问题来为自己辩护。‎ ‎(1)judge ...from/by ...　　　　　从……来判断 judge between right and wrong 判断是非 as far as I can judge 据我判断；我认为 ‎(2)judging by/from 从……上看；根据……判断 ‎(3)judgment n. 判断 ‎①Judging_from what he said, he was very disappointed.‎ 从他所说的来判断，他非常失望。‎ ‎②As_far_as_I_can_judge,_such a scheme is workable.‎ 据我判断，这样的方案是行得通的。‎ ‎③You can't judge a book by/from its cover, as the old saying goes.‎ 正如古语所说，不可以貌取人。‎ ‎④It's too soon to make a judgment (judge) about what the outcome will be.‎ 对结果做出结论还为时过早。‎ ‎[名师点津]　judging from/by用在句首时，为一个独立成分，不受句子主语和时态影响，只用现在分词作状语而不采用过去分词的形式。‎ ‎[自主练通词汇]‎ ‎1．pour vi.涌流，倾泻vt.倒出(液体)‎ ‎　补全句子 ‎①我站在窗户边，看着大雨倾盆而下。‎ Standing at the window, I watched the rain pouring_down.‎ ‎②投诉信源源不断地寄到经理办公室。‎ Letters of complaint poured_into the manager's office.‎ ‎2．ahead adv.(时间、空间)在前面；提前，预先；领先 ‎　补全句子 ‎①我保证把这项工作提前完成。‎ I'm convinced that the work shall be finished ahead_of_time.‎ ‎②——我可以借你的词典吗？‎ ‎——可以，拿去吧。‎ ‎—Can I borrow your dictionary?‎ ‎—Yes, go_ahead.‎ ‎[词汇过关练]‎ Ⅰ.单句语法填空 ‎1．As time went by, the old woman gradually (gradual) adapted herself to the urban life.‎ ‎2．The whole city lay in ruins after the the big earthquake.‎ ‎3．It's impolite for us to leave the remains (remain) of the meal at others' home.‎ ‎4．The sky was darkened by the heavy smoke pouring (pour) from the factory.‎ ‎5．An accident happened on my way home last night, but the driver fled from the site.‎ ‎6．Many parents, because of their busy schedule, complain about too little time with their children.‎ ‎7．In 1941, Britain and the United States declared war on/against Japan and the Pacific War started.‎ ‎8．Her book Silent Spring raised awareness (aware) of the dangers of pollution and the harmful effects of chemicals.‎ ‎9．Judging (judge) from the response of the audience, the performance was quite a success.‎ ‎10．Here are some problems put up at the meeting, most of which are about education (educate)．‎ Ⅱ.单句改错 ‎1．As he was knocked down by a bike, there was blood pour down his arm.pour→pouring ‎2．Judged from his accent, we know that the man must be an American.Judged→Judging ‎3．Unfortunate, her parents died from the air crash.Unfortunate→Unfortunately ‎4．Everyone should be aware with the real situation of water shortage.with→of ‎5．After the earthquake I saw the whole town in ruin, but now everything has changed.ruin→ruins ‎6．She bought her husband a watch chain with the left five dollars.left→remaining ‎7．Later in this chapter cases will be introduced to readers where consumer complains have resulted in changes in the law.complains→complaints Ⅲ.单句写作(补全句子/一句多译)‎ ‎1．Everyone fled_from_the_building (从大楼里逃了出来) when the alarm sounded.‎ ‎2．I don't think I can recall a time when I wasn't_aware_of (未意识到) the beauty of the ocean.‎ ‎3．许多工人抱怨工资太低。‎ ‎①Many workers complained_that the wages were too low.‎ ‎②Many workers complained_about the low wages.‎ ‎③Many workers made_a_complaint_about the low wages.‎ ‎4．以我看来，他总有一天会梦想成真。‎ ‎①In_my_judgment/opinion/view,_his dream will come true one ‎ day.‎ ‎②As_far_as_I'm_concerned,_his dream will come true one day.‎ ‎5．会上，我们将解决余下的分歧。‎ ‎①We'll work out the_remaining_differences at the meeting.‎ ‎②We'll work out the_differences_left at the meeting.‎ ‎[第二板块　短语、句式突破]　‎ ‎1．take over夺取，占据；接替；接管 ‎　[教材原句]　In 89 BC, the Romans took over Pompeii.‎ 公元前89年，罗马人占据了庞贝。‎ take away　　　　　拿走；夺走 take down 写下，记下；拆卸 take in 吸收；理解；欺骗；收容 take off 起飞；匆匆离去；脱下；大获成功 take on 接纳；雇用；呈现；承担 take up 拿起；接受；占据；开始从事； 继续 ‎①I could hardly take_in what the old man said.‎ 我几乎听不懂老人说了什么。‎ ‎②I think boxing will take_off in a big way here.‎ 我想拳击运动在这儿会有很大的发展。‎ ‎③In an interview, he told us that he is always happy to take_on new foreign students.‎ 在采访中，他告诉我们他总是开心地接纳新的留学生。‎ ‎2．in memory of纪念 ‎　[教材原句]　In memory of the Americans who died in the attack, a national memorial was built in Pearl Harbor just above the remains of the Arizona.‎ 为了纪念在这次突袭中死去的美国人，人们在珍珠港战舰“亚利桑那号”沉船的遗址建了一座国家纪念馆。‎ in terms of 　　　　　　就……而言 in need/want of 需要 in favor of 赞同；支持 in praise of 赞扬 in support of 支持 in honor of 为了向……表示敬意 in view of 鉴于，考虑到，由于 in search of 寻找 ‎①The general opinion is in_favor_of us.‎ 普遍的舆论对我们有利。‎ ‎②We must produce evidence in_support_of our theory.‎ 我们必须提出证据以支持我们的理论。‎ ‎③A monument has been set up in_memory/honor_of their dear teacher, who made great contributions to education.‎ 他们已经竖起了一块纪念碑来纪念他们敬爱的老师，这位老师对教育做出了巨大的贡献。‎ ‎3．no doubt无疑，确实 ‎　[经典例句]　There is no doubt that grades have improved and interest in education has revived.‎ 无疑，成绩提高了，上学的兴趣也恢复了。‎ ‎(1)There is no doubt that ...　　毫无疑问……‎ There is some doubt whether ... 怀疑是否……‎ without doubt 毫无疑问 ‎(2)don't doubt that ... 不怀疑……‎ doubt whether/if ... 怀疑/不相信是否……‎ ‎①There_is_no_doubt_that the boxes were then put on a train for Königsberg, which was at that time a German city on the Baltic Sea.‎ 毫无疑问，这些箱子后来被装上火车运往哥尼斯堡，当时是德国在波罗的海岸边的一个城市。‎ ‎②There_is_still_some_doubt_whether the autumn sports meet will be held in our school.‎ 对于秋季运动会是否会在我们学校举行我们还有些怀疑。‎ ‎③I doubt whether/if my cousin will accept his invitation.‎ ‎＝I_have_some_doubt_whether_my cousin will accept his invitation.‎ 我怀疑我的表妹是否会接受他的邀请。‎ ‎4．The desert was once a green land with huge trees, but they were cut down and that resulted in the_city_being_buried_by_sand — what a pity!‎ 这片沙漠曾经是绿树成荫的绿洲，但这些树被砍倒了，结果这座城市被沙尘埋了起来——多么遗憾啊！‎ ‎　本句中the city being buried by sand是动名词的复合结构。city与bury之间存在被动关系，故用being buried。‎ 动名词的复合结构主要有两种情况：‎ ‎(1)名词所有格/名词的普通格＋doing ‎(2)形容词性物主代词/人称代词的宾格＋doing ‎①Do you mind my/me_leaving now?‎ 我现在离开你介意吗？‎ ‎②What worried the child most was his/him_not_being_allowed to visit his mother in hospital.‎ 最让那个孩子担心的是不允许他去看望生病住院的妈妈。‎ ‎ [名师点津]　如果动名词的复合结构作主语，其逻辑主语用形容词性物主代词或名词所有格。‎ ‎5．In less than 9 minutes, the ship sank with_1,177_men_on_board.‎ 在不到9分钟的时间里，船连同船上的1 177人都沉了下去。‎ ‎①With_the_weather_so_close_and_stuffy,_ten to one it'll rain presently.‎ 天气这样闷，十之八九要下雨。‎ ‎②With no one to_talk_to,_John felt miserable.‎ 由于没有可以说话的人，约翰感到很悲哀。‎ ‎③He felt more uneasy with the whole class staring (stare) at him.‎ 全班同学都盯着他看，他感到更不自然了。‎ ‎[短语、句式过关练]‎ Ⅰ.介、副词填空 ‎1．A woman called on the public to rise up against the government. ‎ ‎2．In memory of the dead soldiers, a grand memorial was built on the spot of the great campaign.‎ ‎3．When he retired, his eldest son took over the farm.‎ ‎4．It is more difficult to carry out a plan than to think one out. Just as ‎ you know, saying is one thing and doing another.‎ ‎5．I was surprised you haven't had enough of him, yet I found him very boring.‎ ‎6．She has been waiting for Simon to break down the barrier between them.‎ ‎7．I came down with a cold that forced me to slow down my training.‎ ‎8．Mary together with her friends often goes shopping on Sundays.‎ Ⅱ.翻译句子 ‎1．她眼中含着眼泪向她的父母说了声再见。(with复合结构)‎ She_said_goodbye_to_her_parents_with_tears_in_her_eyes.‎ ‎2．从扬声器里传来了医生的声音。(全部倒装)‎ From_the_speaker_comes_the_doctor's_voice.‎ ‎3．我不记得他请过一天假。(动名词的复合结构)‎ I_can't_remember_his_taking_a_single_day_off_work.‎ ‎4．她的奶奶去世了，享年95岁，这让那个女孩很难过。(现在分词作结果状语)‎ Her_grandma_passed_away_at_the_age_of_95,_making_the_girl_very_sad.‎ ‎5．倾盆大雨下个不停。(pour down) ‎ The_rain_poured_down_endlessly.‎ Ⅲ.同义句改写 ‎1．Mum's coming to see her made Lucy very excited.(用主语从句改写句子)‎ ‎→That_mum_came_to_see_her_made_Lucy_very_excited.‎ ‎2．Keeping an English diary helps you a lot with written English ‎ without doubt.(改为“doubt＋同位语从句”)‎ ‎→There_is_no_doubt_that_keeping_an_English_diary_helps_you_a_lot_with_written_English.‎ 提能一　用课文词汇写高分作文 civilization， found， ruin， remain， protect， cultural remains， be of great significance， doubt ‎ ‎1．补全要点句(“黑体”部分选用上面方框中的单词或短语)‎ ‎①古代文明的人们在世界上兴建了很多著名建筑物。‎ People from ancient_civilization_founded__many_famous_buildings. ‎ ‎②有些逐渐成为废墟，但是有些仍然存在。‎ Some of them gradually fall_in_ruins,_while some_remain today.‎ ‎③很多研究者和学者在寻找方法保护这些文化遗产。‎ Many researchers and scholars are looking for solutions to_protecting_these _cultural remains.‎ ‎④无疑，越来越多的人意识到这些文化遗产的重要意义并加入到保护它们的行列中。‎ Without_doubt,_ more and more people are aware that the cultural relics are_of_great_significance and join in protecting them.‎ ‎2．升级平淡句 用“doubt ＋ 同位语从句”改写句④‎ There_is_no_doubt_that_more_and_more_people_are_aware_that_the_cultural_relics_are_of_great_significance_and_join_in_protecting_them.‎ ‎3．衔接成语篇(注意使用适当的过渡衔接词汇：unfortunately)‎ People from ancient civilization founded many famous buildings. ‎ Unfortunately, some of them gradually fall in ruins, while some remain today. Many researchers and scholars are looking for solutions to protecting these cultural remains. There is no doubt that more and more people are aware that the cultural relics are of great significance and join in protecting them.‎ 提能二　用课文句型解构高考长难句　[本单元突破点——含形式主语it的多重复合句]‎ 经典例句 比较分析 真题尝试翻译 课文长难句 It turns out that after the ash covered the people who failed to flee the city, their bodies nearly completely broke down and disappeared, leaving empty spaces in the ash.‎ 本句是主从复合句：it作形式主语，代替that引导的主语从句；that引导的主语从句中含有after引导的时间状语从句；其中状语从句中又含有who引导的定语从句；现在分词leaving empty spaces in the ash作结果状语，表示一种顺其自然的结果。‎ 年轻人很可能会爆发，这并不奇怪，尤其是当有理由这样做的时候。‎ 真题长难句 It is not surprising that young people are likely to burst out, particularly when there are reasons to do so.(2016·北京高考)‎ 本句是主从复合句；it作形式主语，代替that引导的主语从句；that引导的主语从句中含有when引导的时间状语从句。‎ ‎ “消失的文明”是高中新课程标准24个话题“自然与环境”的子话题，高考试题多从阅读理解方面进行考查，语篇多以说明文、议论文和应用文的形式出现。这些文章主要介绍历史名胜、历史文物和历史事件等。这类话题的阅读文章多以细节理解题、数字计算题和标题归纳题等为主。该话题与学生的学习和日常生活有一定的关系，高考有时也从写作方面对此进行考查。‎ 一、话题与语篇 ‎[考题示例]　　　　　　　　　　(2016·四川高考阅读C)‎ ‎[1]In the depths of the French Guianese rainforest, there still remain unusual groups of indigenous (土著的) people. Surprisingly, these people live largely by their own laws and their own social customs. And yet, people in this area are in fact French citizens because it has been a colony (殖民地) of the French Republic since 1946. In theory, they should live by the French law. However, their remote locations mean that the French law is often ignored or unknown, thus making them into an interesting area of “lawlessness” in the world.‎ ‎[2]The lives of these people have finally been recorded thanks to the efforts of a Frenchman from Paris called Gin. Gin spent five months in early 2015 exploring the most remote corners of this area, which sits on the edge of the Amazonrainforest, with half its population of only 250,000 living in its capital, Cayenne.‎ ‎[3]“I have a special love for the French Guianese people. I have worked there on and off for almost ten years，” says Gin.“I've been able to keep firm friendships with them. Thus I have been allowed to gain access to their living environment. I don't see it as a lawless land. But ‎ rather I see it as an area of freedom.”‎ ‎[4]“I wanted to show the audience a photographic record touching upon the uncivilized life，” continues Gin. “I prefer to work in black and white, which allows me to show different specific worlds more clearly.”‎ ‎[5]His blackandwhite pictures present a world almost lost in time. These pictures show people seemingly pushed into a world that they were unprepared for. These local citizens now have to balance their traditional selfsupporting hunting lifestyle with the lifestyle offered by the modern French Republic, which brings with it not only necessary state welfare, but also alcoholism, betrayal and even suicide.‎ ‎28．Why does the author feel surprised about the indigenous people in French Guiana?‎ A．They seldom follow the French law.‎ B．They often ignore the Guianese law.‎ C．They are separated from the modern world.‎ D．They are both Guianese and French citizens.‎ ‎29．Gin introduces the special world of the indigenous Guianese as ________.‎ A．a tour guide　　　　　 B．a geographer C．a film director D．a photographer ‎30．What is Gin's attitude towards the lives of the indigenous Guianese?‎ A．Cautious. B．Doubtful.‎ C．Uninterested. D．Appreciative.‎ ‎31．What does the underlined world “it” in the last paragraph refer to?‎ A．The modern French lifestyle.‎ B．The selfsupporting hunting.‎ C．The uncivilized world.‎ D．The French Republic.‎ ‎[策略指导]　‎ ‎(一)这样读文 第1步：宏观把握文章大意 分层 抓关键句 概括层意 行文结构 第1段 第1段画波浪线部分 法属圭亚那是一个不受法律约束的地区 提出 说明对象 第2～‎ ‎5段 第3、4、5段画波浪线部分 从摄影师的角度介绍圭亚那土著人生活的各个方面的情况 详述 情况 第2步：微观突破理解障碍 ‎[尝试翻译]　然而，他们偏远的位置意味着法国的法律经常被忽略或是不为人知的，因此这使他们变成一个世界上有趣的“不受法律约束”的地区。‎ ‎(二)这样做题 ‎[名师解题]‎ ‎28．细节理解题。选A　根据第一段中的“Surprisingly, these people live ... should live by the French law”‎ 可知，作者感到惊讶的是法属圭亚那的土著人有自己的法律和社会风俗，他们很少遵守法国的法律。A项为同义替换。B项“他们常无视圭亚那法律”为曲解文意；C项“他们与现代社会隔绝”为无中生有；D项“他们是圭亚那和法国居民”为混淆视听。‎ ‎29．细节理解题。选D　根据第四段中的最后一句及第五段中的第一句可知，Gin是以一名摄影师的身份介绍圭亚那的。D项为同义替换。A项“一个导游”；B项“一个地理学家”；C项“一位电影导演”均为混淆视听。‎ ‎30．推理判断题。选D　由第三段中的“I have a special love for the French Guianese people”和最后一句可知，Gin很欣赏圭亚那土著人的生活方式。D项为合理推断。A项“小心的”；B项“怀疑的”；C项“不感兴趣的”均为颠倒是非。‎ ‎31．代词指代题。选A　根据画线词所在句可知，it指代的是上文的“the lifestyle offered by the modern French Republic”。A项为合理猜测。B项“自给自足的狩猎方式”为混淆视听；C项“未开化的世界”为混淆视听；D项“法兰西共和国”为混淆视听。‎ ‎[阅读理解系列技法5]　找准带有感情色彩的词语，判断作者的态度 此题型考查考生对作者的主导思想，被描写人物的语气，言谈话语中流露的情绪、性格倾向和作者或文中人物的态度、观点等方面的理解。常见的涉及态度的词语有：positive, negative, passive, neutral, approval, disapproval, indifferent, critical, doubtful, optimistic, pessimistic, disgusted, disappointed, objective, subjective, supportive等。‎ ‎ 此类题的干扰项通常有以下特点：或是考生的某种看法或观点，或是社会的一种普遍性倾向，或是与本文无关，或是与作者相反的观点或看法等。解题时注意作者在文章中的措辞，尤其是表达感情色彩的形容词、副词及所举的例子，这样才能推断出作者的弦外之音。在做这类试题时，考生一定要在文中找证据，根据字里行间的线索推断相关人物的观点或态度，千万不要凭自己的主观看法来选择。‎ 例如，第30题，根据题目要求可知，问的是文中人物摄影师Gin对圭亚那土著人的生活方式的观点态度，查找第三段中的Gin说的话“I have a special love ...”以及“But rather I see it as an area of freedom”可清楚地判断Gin对圭亚那土著人的生活方式是持欣赏态度的。‎ ‎(三)这样积累 ‎1．location n．　　　　　　　　位置，场所 ‎2．remote adj. 遥远的；远离的 ‎3．uncivilized adj. 原始的，不文明的 ‎4．selfsupporting adj. 自给自足的 ‎5．betrayal n. 背叛 ‎6．gain access to 接近 ‎7．balance ...with 平衡 二、话题与写作 ‎[考题示例]　　　　　　　　　　(2009·全国卷Ⅱ)‎ 假定你是李华，你的美国朋友Sarah 打算暑期来北京旅游，来信询问改建后前门大街的情况。请你写封回信，简单介绍以下内容：‎ ‎1．简况：长800余米、600多年历史、300余家商铺；‎ ‎2．位置：天安门广场南面；‎ ‎3．交通：公共汽车17、69、59等路，地铁2号线；‎ ‎4．特色：步行街、当当车、茶馆、剧院等。‎ 参考词汇：步行街 pedestrian street；当当车 trolley car；地铁 subway 注意：1.词数100左右；‎ ‎2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；‎ ‎3．开头语已为你写好，请将完整的回信书写在答题卡上。‎ Dear Sarah，‎ Thank you for you letter asking about the rebuilt Qianmen Street. Here is something about it.　 ‎ ‎　 ‎ ‎　 ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎[写作规范]　‎ 第一步：写对词汇不丢冤枉分 ‎1．800米长的大街　　800meter_street ‎2．天安门广场南面 to_the_south_of_Tian'anmen__Square ‎3．方便的 convenient ‎4．体验真正的中国人的生活方式 ‎ experience_a_truly_Chinese_way_of_life 第二步：列全要点，写对句子保基本分 ‎1．前门大街是一条拥有600多年历史的著名大街。‎ Qianmen_Street_is_a_famous_street_of_over_600_years_old.‎ ‎2．800米长的大街上有300多家商店。‎ Along_this_800meter_street,_there_are_more_than_300_shops.‎ ‎3．这条大街位于北京市中心，天安门广场的南面。‎ The_street_is_in_the_center_of_Beijing,_just_to_the_south_of_Tian'anmen_Square.‎ ‎4．乘公交车去那儿很方便。‎ It's_very_convenient_to_get_there_by_bus.‎ ‎5．前门大街是步行街，但也有当当车可带你去商店、茶馆或剧院。‎ Qianmen_Street_is_a_pedestrian_street,_but_there_are_trolley_cars_to_take_you_not_only_to_the_shops,_but_also_to_theaters_and_teahouses.‎ ‎6．在那里你可体验到真正的中国人的生活方式。‎ You_can_experience_a_truly_Chinese_way_of_life_there.‎ 第三步：句式升级，打造亮点得高分 ‎1．将句3、4用as引导的原因状语从句合并 As_the_street_is_in_the_center_of_Beijing,_just_to_the_south_of_Tian'anmen_Square,_it's_very_convenient_to_get_there_by_bus.‎ ‎2．将句5、6用where引导的定语从句合并 Qianmen_Street_is_a_pedestrain_street,_but_there_are_trolley_cars_to_take_you_not_only_to_the_shops,_but_also_to_theaters_and_teahouses_where_you_can_experience_a_truly_Chinese_way_of_life.‎ 第四步：过渡衔接，润色成文创满分 Dear Sarah，‎ Thank you for your letter for asking about the rebuilt Qianmen Street. Here is something about it. Qianmen Street is a famous street of over 600 years old. Along this 800meter street, there are more than 300 shops. As the street is in the center of Beijing, just to the south of Tian'anmen Square, it's very convenient to get there by bus. You may take Buses No. 17, 69 or 59. Subway Line 2 has a stop there too. Qianmen Street is a pedestrian street, but there are trolley cars to take you not only to the shops, but also to theaters and teahouses where you can experience a truly Chinese way of life. I'm sure you'll like it.‎ ‎ 单元检测A——语言基础扎根练＋阅读理解提速练 ‎[语言基础扎根练]‎ Ⅰ.单词拼写/用所给词的适当形式填空 ‎1．They feel the viewers are like judges (裁判) in an iceskating competition.‎ ‎2．Along the way, at Kurla, you can visit the ruins (废墟) of the Iron Fortress.‎ ‎3．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ阅读)Despite the celebrations, though, in the U．S. the jazz audience (听众) continues to shrink and grow older, and the music has failed to connect with younger generations.‎ ‎4．I will make a speech on behalf of all the graduates at the graduation ceremony (典礼)．‎ ‎5．The flood in the south was a real disaster (灾难), leaving 19 people dead and 78 missing.‎ ‎6．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ阅读)One of the most famous theatres in Georgia, the Marjanishvili, founded (兴建) in 1928, appears regularly at theatre festivals all over the world.‎ ‎7．The government is ready to declare (宣布) a permanent ceasefire (停火)．‎ ‎8．Then, in the depth of winter, when temperatures reached around －4℃， buckets of water were poured (倒出) on to the dirt track, transforming it into an ice road.‎ ‎9．(2018·日照模拟)Their system is so far ahead (领先) because of a culture of looking after the environment.‎ ‎10．The remaining (remain) part of the project should be accomplished in two days.‎ ‎11．The specific expression of anger also differs from person to person based on biological and cultural (culture) forces.‎ ‎12．It's extremely (extreme) important for us to think about this as a whole system and not just the sum of a bunch of individual components.‎ ‎13．It is a wonder more people don't wake up each morning and greet the singing birds with a complaint (complain) about the noise.‎ ‎14．However wealthy (wealth) we may be, we can never find enough hours in the day to do everything we want.‎ ‎15．The big company has gradually (gradual) absorbed these small companies into its own organization.‎ Ⅱ.单句改错 ‎ ‎1．Judged from our teacher's expression, we know that he is pleased with the result.Judged→Judging ‎2．If properly treating, waste will do no harm to the environment.treating→treated ‎3．There is no doubt your success has resulted from your hard work.doubt后加that ‎4．Tom has come down flu, so he has asked for a leave.down后加with ‎5．Public schools are mainly found by governments through tax income.found→founded ‎6．He became talkative when it comes to play football.play→playing ‎7．I think there is one problem remains to be solved.remains→remaining ‎8．The headmaster didn't seem to aware that there should have been so much disagreement about the decision.to后加be Ⅲ.补全句子/翻译句子 ‎ ‎1．从他脸上的表情判断，这消息一定很可怕。‎ Judging_by/from_the_look_on_his_face,_the news must have been terrible.‎ ‎2．客人进来了，但他仍然躺在沙发上看足球比赛。‎ The guests came in, but he remained_lying_on_the_sofa watching a football match.‎ ‎3．我认为我患了流感。‎ I think I'm coming_down_with_flu.‎ ‎4．他起床晚了，匆忙去了办公室，留下早餐没有动。‎ He got up late and hurried to his office, leaving_the_breakfast_untouched.‎ ‎5．汤姆拒绝接受邀请让我很生气。‎ Tom's_refusing_to_accept_the_invitation upset me very much.‎ ‎6．因为还有很多工作要做，他没有被允许外出。(with复合结构)‎ With_a_lot_of_work_to_do,_he_wasn't_allowed_to_go_out.‎ ‎7．我肯定你会成功，我一点也不怀疑。(no doubt)‎ I_am_sure_you_will_succeed_and_I_have_no_doubt_about_it.‎ ‎8．人们在端午节举行龙舟比赛是为了纪念屈原。(in memory of)‎ People_hold_dragon_boat_race_on_Dragon_Boat_Festival_in_memory_of_Qu_Yuan.‎ ‎[阅读理解提速练]‎ A A few days later, at nearly midnight on the longest night of the year, Gabriel Oak could be heard playing his flute (长笛) on Norcombe Hill. The sky was so clear and the stars were so visible that the earth could ‎ almost be seen turning. In that cold, hard air the sweet notes of the flute rang out. The music came from a little hut on wheels, standing in the corner of a field. Shepherds' huts like this are used as a shelter during the winter and spring, when shepherds have to stay out all night in the fields, looking after very young lambs (羊羔)．‎ Gabriel's two hundred and fifty sheep were not yet paid for. He knew that. In order to make a success of the farming business, he had to make sure they produced a large number of healthy lambs. So he was determined to spend as many nights as necessary in the fields, to save his lambs from dying of cold or hunger.‎ The hut was warm and quite comfortable inside. There was a stove, and some bread and beer on a shelf. On each side of the hut was a round hole like a window, which could be closed with a piece of wood. These air holes were usually kept open when the stove was burning, because too much smoke in a small, airless hut could kill the shepherd.‎ From time to time the sound of the flute stopped, and Gabriel came out of his hut to check his sheep. Whenever he discovered a halfdead new lamb, he brought the creature into the hut. In front of the stove it soon came back to life, and then he could return it to its mother.‎ He noticed a light further down the hill. It came from a wooden hut at the edge of a field. He walked down to it and put his eye to a hole in the wood. Inside, two women were feeding a sick cow. One of the women was middleaged. The other was young and wore a cloak (披风). Gabriel recognized the girl, who owed him two pence.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文，选自小说《远离尘嚣》，讲述了牧羊人Gabriel在严冬的夜晚保护羊羔免受饥饿和寒冷而死的故事。‎ ‎1．The meaning of the underlined word “shepherds” can be replaced by “________”．‎ A．people taking care of sheep B．people playing the flute C．people living on farming D．people treating sick animals 解析：选A　词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句中的“looking after very young lambs (羊羔)”可以判断，shepherd是指“牧羊人”，故A项正确。 ‎ ‎2．The function of the round holes was ________.‎ A．to let the sunshine in B．to warm the hut C．to keep the smoke out D．to air the hut 解析：选D　推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句“These air holes were usually kept open ...because too much smoke in a small, airless hut could kill the shepherd.”可知，当炉火燃烧时，这些气孔常常打开，因为在这个狭小而空气稀薄的棚屋里，烟雾太多会杀死牧羊人；据此可知，这些圆孔是为了通气，故D项正确。‎ ‎3．How did Gabriel save his halfdead lambs from dying of cold or hunger?‎ A．By treating them like his families.‎ B．By staying with them in the fields C．By curing them of their diseases.‎ D．By taking them into his warm hut.‎ 解析：选D　细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Whenever he discovered a halfdead new lamb, he brought the creature into the hut ... its mother”可知，当看到垂死的羊羔时，Gabriel就会把它抱进棚屋里取暖，很快羊羔便会苏醒，故D项正确。‎ ‎4．What can we infer from the passage?‎ A．Life was rather difficult for Gabriel.‎ B．He earned a lot of money by selling lambs.‎ C．Most shepherds could play the flute.‎ D．The women in the hut were Gabriel's helpers.‎ 解析：选A　推理判断题。根据第二段第一句“Gabriel's two hundred and fifty sheep were not yet paid for.”和第二段最后一句可以判断，Gabriel的生活是艰苦的，故A项正确。‎ B ‎(2018·湖北省鄂西北联考)A school where 60% of pupils speak English as a second language has equipped electronic translators for every child so they can communicate with teachers. Manor Park Primary in Birmingham, which has 384 pupils, is the first school in Britain to provide translators for all of its children and to make the tools a part of every lesson.‎ The technology can allow teachers to type messages to pupils which are then translated into the 19 native tongues of children, with no English. Another 11 languages are spoken by pupils who have some English. In Britain, with figures showing that one in six primary pupils speaks a different language at home — double the number ten years ago — the technology could soon become popular in many more schools.‎ Talking Tutor can translate English into many languages including Polish, Urdu and Chinese. The teacher types a message into a computer and it then reads the message out to the pupils in their native tongues. The pupils type the answer which is read to the teacher by Talking Tutor. Headmaster Jason Smith said the software had transformed his school and given staff the opportunity to communicate with children. The school pays ￡700 a year for the software. The software, developed by EMAS UK, cost more than ￡2.5 million to produce.‎ Dawn Holt, a teacher at the school, admitted she had struggled in the ‎ past to communicate with pupils who had recently arrived in Britain. But some say giving pupils the translators could be “damaging and dangerous”．“Surely it would be better to give all these teenagers an intensive course in English，” said Nick Seaton, a father.“My boy says teachers are spending more time using the computer than teaching. He came home last week and said he felt pushed aside.”‎ 语篇解读：学校里60%的学生的母语不是英语，教师怎么上课、怎么和学生交流呢？一种新发明的电脑软件能帮助解决这个问题。‎ ‎5．What is the name of the electronic translator?‎ A．Talking Tutor. B．EMAS UK.‎ C．Nick Seaton. D．Dawn Holt.‎ 解析：选A　细节理解题。根据文章第三段第一句可知，该软件的名称为Talking Tutor。‎ ‎6．Manor Park Primary decided to use electronic translators in order to ________.‎ A．help the pupils to learn English well in a short time B．make the teachers and the students understand each other C．let the students master foreign languages quickly D．attract more and more pupils to the school 解析：选B　细节理解题。根据文章第一段第一句可知，该校配备这个软件的目的是帮助师生更好地交流。‎ ‎7．From the text we can infer that ________.‎ A．EMAS UK can't make a lot of money from the software B．more and more pupils begin to choose to study in Britain C．there are many schools which have already used the software D．the teachers had no difficulty talking with the students before 解析：选B　推理判断题。根据第二段第三句可知，在英国，有六分之一的小学生的母语不是英语，这一比例是十年前的两倍。由此可以推知，越来越多的国外的小学生选择到英国去上学。‎ ‎8．Why do some people say giving pupils the translators could be “damaging and dangerous”？‎ A．Because the students will pay more money to the school.‎ B．Because the students won't get enough care from the teachers.‎ C．Because the students can't use the translators properly.‎ D．Because the students won't speak to the teachers any more.‎ 解析：选B　细节理解题。根据文章最后一段最后两句可知，其原因在于这会导致老师把过多的时间用在电脑操作上，学生感觉老师不够关心自己。‎ 单元检测B——阅读理解提速练 Ⅰ.阅读理解 A ‎(2018·福建泉州质检)With the click of a mouse consumers can purchase the goods and service they need at online shops. What they have to do is waiting for the goods sent to their homes. We shall all be grateful to the pioneers of online shopping for bringing us such convenience.‎ Michael Aldrich (the U．K.)‎ Online shopping was invented and pioneered by Michael Aldrich in the U．K. In 1979 he connected a television via a telephone line to a realtime multiuser transaction (交易) processing computer. He sold mainly BusinesstoBusiness systems. There were a number of significant world firsts with new applications in several business fields.‎ Jeff Bezos (the U．S.A.)‎ Jeff Bezos defined online shopping and rewrote the rules of commerce. Tim BernersLee invented the World Wide Web server and browser (浏览器) in 1990. In 1994, Jeff Bezos read an article about how the World Wide Web was growing by 2,300% a year. He knew he had to tap into such a great potential for commerce. On July 6, 1995, Bezos launched Amazon.com, which operated out of the garage of his twobedroom home in suburban Seattle, Washington. With almost no publicity, sales took off immediately. The company has now expanded into dozens of product categories, forcing the world's biggest retailer (零售商) to rethink their business models, and finally changing the way people shop.‎ Jack Ma (China)‎ As a child, Jack Ma was bad at math but fascinated by English. He traveled to the United States in 1995 as a translator to help a Chinese firm recover payment. The attempt failed. But a friend in Seattle showed Ma the Internet, and an idea began brewing.‎ In 1999, Mr. Ma gathered 17 friends and founded Alibaba in his apartment in Hangzhou. Alibaba's model was simple: allow small and mediumsized Chinese companies to find global buyers they would otherwise only be able to meet at trade shows. It works brilliantly. Alibaba's sales are now more than those of eBay and Amazon combined.‎ 语篇解读：本文主要介绍了对网上购物有深远影响的三位人物以及他们对电子商务的促进作用。‎ ‎1．What made Amazon.com a success?‎ A．BusinesstoBusiness systems.‎ B．The World Wide Web server and browser.‎ C．Commercial publicity.‎ D．Help from retailers.‎ 解析：选B　细节理解题。根据第三段的“Tim BernersLee invented the World Wide Web server and browser (浏览器) in 1990.”及“With almost no publicity, sales took off immediately.”可知，亚马逊公司依托互联网发展迅猛。故选B项。‎ ‎2．How did Jack Ma have the idea of founding Alibaba?‎ A．A translator helped him.‎ B．A Chinese firm inspired him.‎ C．He was introduced to the Internet.‎ D．He was funded by some companies.‎ 解析：选C　细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句“But a friend in Seattle showed Ma the Internet, and an idea began brewing.”可知，当朋友把互联网介绍给马云时，他开始有了想法。故选C项。‎ ‎3．What do the pioneers have in common?‎ A．They have improved computers.‎ B．They have sold goods worldwide.‎ C．They have enlarged product categories.‎ D．They have contributed to online shopping.‎ 解析：选D　推理判断题。根据介绍的人物可知，他们都在互联网背景下从事商业贸易活动，因此他们都对网上购物起到了推动作用。故选D项。‎ B ‎(2018·河南省八市测评)I always believed that my parents had a good marriage, but just before I, the youngest of four children, turned sixteen, my belief was painfully tested. My father, who used to share in the chores around the house, gradually started becoming downhearted.‎ ‎ From the time he came home from his job to the time he went to bed, he hardly spoke a word to my mom or us kids. The strain on my mom and dad's relationship was very evident. However, I was not prepared for the day that Mom told us that Dad had decided to leave. All that I could think of was that I was going to become a product of a divorced family. It was something I never thought possible, and it grieved me greatly, I kept telling myself that it wasn't going to happen, and I went totally numb when I knew my dad was really leaving. The night before he left, I stayed up in my room for a long time. I prayed and I cried and I wrote a long letter to my dad. I told him how much I loved him and how much I would miss him. I told him that I was praying for him and wanted him to know that, no matter what, Jesus and I loved him. I told him that I would always and forever be his Krissie ... his Noodles. As I folded my note, I stuck in a picture of me with a saying I had always heard：“Anyone can be a father, but it takes someone special to be a daddy.”‎ Early the next morning, as my dad left our house, I sneaked out to the car and slipped my letter into one of his bags.‎ Two weeks went by with hardly a word from my father. Then, one afternoon, I came home from school to find my mom sitting at the dining room table waiting to talk to me. I could see in her eyes that she had been crying. She told me that Dad had been there and that they had talked for a long time. They decided that there were things that both of them could and would change and that their marriage was worth saving. Mom then turned her focus to my eyes.‎ ‎“Krissie, Dad told me that you wrote him a letter. Can I ask what you wrote to him？”‎ I found it hard to share with my mom what I had written from my heart to my dad. I mumbled a few words and shrugged.‎ A few days later my dad was back. We never talked about the letter, my dad and I. I guess I always figured that it was something that was a secret between us.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文，讲述的是在父亲要和母亲离婚时，作者给父亲写了一封信，这封信挽救了父母的婚姻。后来父亲又回到了家人的身边。‎ ‎4．What happened to the author's parents when she was sixteen?‎ A．They left her alone.‎ B．They were getting divorced.‎ C．They shared in the chores together.‎ D．They had a good marriage.‎ 解析：选B　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“but just before I ... tested”和“The strain on my mom and dad's relationship was very evident. However, I was not prepared for the day that Mom told us that Dad had decided to leave ... of a divorced family”可知，作者16岁时父母之间的关系很紧张，父亲要和母亲离婚，决定离开他们。‎ ‎5．What is the meaning of the underlined word “grieved” in Para. 1?‎ A．Made sb. angry.　　　 B．Made sb. delighted.‎ C．Made sb. sad. D．Made sb. greedy.‎ 解析：选C　词义猜测题。结合全文内容尤其是画线词前的“It was something I never thought possible”可知，作者并不希望父亲离开他们，所以当时她非常伤心。‎ ‎6．What can we learn from the passage?‎ A．The author handed the letter directly to her father.‎ B．The author's father wrote back to her when he finished reading the letter.‎ C．The author's letter made a difference to her father.‎ D．The author shared what she wrote with her mother.‎ 解析：选C　推理判断题。根据第三段中的“She told me that ... was worth saving”和第四段中的“Krissie, Dad told me that you wrote him a letter”以及最后一段中的“A few days later my dad was back”可知，作者给父亲写的信对父亲起了作用。‎ ‎7．What might be the best title for the passage?‎ A．A Promise Kept B．A Letter of Apology C．A Broken Family D．A Great Daddy 解析：选A　标题归纳题。根据全文内容尤其是最后一段的“it was something that was a secret between us”可推知，作者和父亲在那封信中可能作了约定，因此选A。‎ Ⅱ.阅读七选五 In our fast world of phones, fax machines and computers, the oldfashioned art of letter writing is at risk of disappearing altogether. __1__ There is the excitement of its arrival, the pleasure of seeing who it is from and, finally, the enjoyment of the contents.‎ Letter writing has been part of my life for as long as I can remember. It probably began with the little notes I would write to my mother. My mother, also, always insisted I write my own thankyou letters for Christmas and birthday presents. __2__‎ When I left home at 18 to train as a doctor in London, I would write once a week, and so would my mother. Occasionally my father would write and it was always a joy to receive his long, amusing letters. __3__ Of course, we also made phone calls but it is the letters I remember most.‎ There were also letters from my boyfriends. In my youth I seemed to attract people who had to work or study away at some time and I was ‎ only able to stay in touch with them by letter. __4__ I found that I could often express myself more easily in writing than by talking.‎ I love the letters that come with birthday or Christmas cards. Notes are appreciated, but how much better to have a year's supply of news! And it's better still when it's an airmail envelope with beautiful stamps.‎ ‎__5__ Like my mother before me, I insist they write their own thankyou letters. My daughter writes to me little letters, just as I did to my mother. I strongly urge readers not to allow letter writing to become another “lost art”．‎ A．Poor handwriting can spoil (破坏) your enjoyment of a letter.‎ B．We had been corresponding (通信) for 29 years but had never met.‎ C．I am pleased that my children are carrying on the tradition.‎ D．It didn't matter how short or untidy they were as long as they were letters.‎ E．But instead of harming the relationships, letter writing seemed to improve them.‎ F．Yet, to me, receiving a letter cannot be matched by any other form of communication.‎ G．The letters from home contained just everyday events concerning my parents and their friends.‎ 语篇解读：本文主要阐述了在数码时代的背景下，作者对书信的怀念，并庆幸写书信成为家庭传统。‎ ‎1．选F　上一句提到现代数码通信使书信到了要完全消失的危险境地，下一句又说收到书信的美妙感受，所以此处过渡要有转折含义且体现出书信对作者的吸引力，故选F项(但是，对我来说，收到一封信是其他任何通信方式都比不了的)。‎ ‎2．选D　上文提到母亲坚持让作者在圣诞节和生日写感谢信，D项(无论长短，无论工整与否，只要写信就可以)符合语境。‎ ‎3．选G　本段提到作者18岁时离家和父母书信联系，此处应该侧重家书的意义。G项(家书里面包含关于我的父母和他们的朋友日常的事情)符合语境，故选G项。‎ ‎4．选E　空格前一句提到我只能用书信和他们保持联系，空格后一句意思是“我发现比起谈话，书信经常能让我更轻松地表达自己的观点”，所以空格处应侧重体现这种书信联系对维系友谊的作用及意义，故选E项(但写信不仅没有毁掉我们的关系，反而似乎促进了我们的友谊)。‎ ‎5．选C　根据最后一段中的“Like ...I insist they write their own thankyou letters. My daughter writes to me little letters, just as I did to my mother.”可知，作者成为母亲后坚持让儿女自己写感谢信，这一传统被沿用，故C项(我很高兴我的孩子正在沿用这个传统)符合语境。‎