【英语】2019届一轮复习人教版必修三unit4astronom-thescienceofthestars学案 16页

‎【题目优选】‎ 假如你叫李华，接受了一项写作任务，要为英语校报写一篇有关UFO的文章。‎ 请根据以下信息，简要介绍UFO。‎ 名称简介 UFO是Unidentified Flying Object的缩写 世界十大未解之谜之一 有关事件 首次目击报告是在1878年的美国 从那以后目击报告层出不穷，有许多是虚假的 人们的看法 来自其他行星的太空飞船 一种自然现象 外星人 研究状况 约三分之一的国家对UFO展开研究 大量关于UFO的图书和期刊出版 有些大学开设UFO课程 参考词汇：外星人alien ‎【经典范文】‎ UFO, which is short for Unidentified Flying Object, has long been regarded as one of the top 10 unsolved mysteries in the world. The first UFO sighting was reported to have happened in America in 1878. Since then, numerous sightings have been reported all over the world, many of which turned out to be false. Some people think UFOs are spaceships from other planets.Others believe that they're just a kind of natural phenomenon and still others guess they're aliens. Now about one third of the countries in the world are doing research on UFOs, about which many books and journals have been published, and in some universities courses are even set up to study UFOs.‎ ‎【名师点拨】‎ 本文细节完整，层次清晰，文中运用了较高级的词汇和短语。如：be short for (是……的简称)，be regarded as (被认为是……), turn out to be (结果证明是……), set up(建立，成立)等。并且运用了多样化的句式结构。如：定语从句：which is short for Unidentified Flying Object, many of which turned out to be false, about which many books and journals have been published; 宾语从句：that they're just a kind of natural phenomenon and still others guess they're aliens等。这些短语和句式的运用都很准确、地道，充分体现了作者扎实的语言运用能力，提升了文章档次。‎ ‎1．核心单词 ‎(1)system(n.) 系统；体系；制度 ‎(2)theory(n.) 学说；理论→theoretical(adj.) 理论上的 ‎(3)violent(adj.) 猛烈的；激烈的；强暴的→violence(n.) 暴力→violently (adv.) 猛烈地 ‎(4)unlike(prep.) 与……不同；不像→(反义词) like(prep. &v．) 像；喜欢→dislike(v.&n．) 不喜欢 ‎(5)harmful(adj.) 有害的→harm(n.) 害处 (vt.‎) 对……有害 ‎(6)exist(vi.) 存在；生存→existence(n.) 存在 ‎(7)puzzle(vt.‎&vi.) (使)迷惑； (使)为难 (n.) 谜；难题→puzzled(adj.) 迷惑不解的 ‎(8)pull(n.&vt.‎) 拉(力)；拖；牵引力 ‎2．阅读单词 ‎(1)religion (n.) 宗教；宗教信仰 ‎(2)billion (pron. &n. &adj.) (英旧)万亿；(美)十亿 ‎(3)globe (n.) 球体；地球仪；地球 ‎(4)atmosphere (n.) 大气层；气氛 ‎(5)fundamental (adj.) 基本的；基础的 ‎(6)chain (n.) 链子；连锁；锁链 ‎(7)multiply (vi. &vt.) 乘；增加 ‎(8)thus (adv.) 因此；于是 ‎(9)biology (n.) 生物学 ‎(10)gravity (n.) 万有引力；重力 ‎(11)gentle (adj.) 温和的；文雅的 ‎(12)climate (n.) 气候 ‎(13)crash (vi. &vt.) 碰撞；坠落 ‎(14)float (vt. &vi.) (使)浮动(n.) 漂浮物 ‎【即景活用】‎ 用括号内所给的单词的适当形式填空 ‎1．Harvard University takes in any outstanding student regardless of ________(religious), colour or background.‎ 答案：religion ‎2．Water ________(exist) in three forms, which are liquid, gas and solid.‎ 答案：exists ‎3．Some experts think reading is the ________(fundament) skill upon which school education depends.‎ 答案：fundamental ‎4．Fruit juice can be ________(harm) to children's teeth.‎ 答案：harmful ‎5．There is a lot of rubbish ________(float) on the surface of the river.‎ 答案：floating ‎6．What makes me ________(puzzle) is why he left the country without telling anyone.‎ 答案：puzzled ‎7．Many people are worried about the facts about ________(globe) warming.‎ 答案：global ‎8．She got interested in plants and decided to be a ________(biology)．‎ 答案：biologist ‎9．The volcano erupted ________(violent), yet the village at the foot of it survived.‎ 答案：violently ‎10．The man took the little boy ________(gentle) in his hand and put him up into the tree.‎ 答案：gently 联想积累 ‎1．“太空”单词集锦 ‎①astronomer n．天文学家 ‎②astronomy n．天文学 ‎③astronaut n．宇航员 ‎④satellite n．卫星 ‎⑤orbit n．轨道 ‎⑥universe n．宇宙 ‎⑦gravity n．重力；引力 ‎⑧spaceship n．宇宙飞船 ‎⑨planet n．行星 ‎2．“碰、撞”家族 ‎①hit v．碰撞；打击 ‎②crash v．碰撞；坠落 ‎③bump n. &v．撞；碰撞(声)‎ ‎④collide v．碰撞；相撞 ‎⑤collision n．撞击；碰撞 ‎⑥run into撞上 ‎3．un否定前缀 ‎①unlikeprep.与……不同；不像 ‎②unhappyadj.不快乐的 ‎③unable adj.不能够的 ‎④unhealthyadj.不健康的 ‎⑤unfortunateadj.不幸的 ‎⑥unfair adj.不公平的 ‎⑦unimportant adj.不重要的 ‎⑧unusual adj.不寻常的 ‎1．in_time及时；终于；迟早 ‎2．lay_eggs下蛋 ‎3．give_birth_to产生；分娩 ‎4．in_one's_turn轮到某人 ‎5．prevent ... from 阻止；制止 ‎6．block_out挡住(光线)‎ ‎7．cheer up感到高兴；感到振奋 ‎8．now that 既然 ‎9．get the hang of 熟悉；掌握；理解 ‎10．break out 突发；爆发 ‎11．watch out for 密切注意；当心；提防 ‎【即景活用】‎ 用所给短语的适当形式填空 prevent ... from, watch out for, now that, in time, break out, cheer up ‎1．He climbed the mountain carefully, all the time ________loose rocks.‎ 答案：watching out for ‎2．Doctors say many diseases can be ________spreading by hand ‎ washing.‎ 答案：prevented from ‎3．________the kids have left home, we have got a lot of extra space.‎ 答案：Now that ‎4．She started as an office junior, and ________became the director of the whole company.‎ 答案：in time ‎5．After a fire ________in the lab, a lot of equipment was damaged.‎ 答案：broke out ‎6．Whenever I encounter difficulties, she will encourage me and help me ________ .‎ 答案：cheer up 联想积累 ‎1．动词＋out短语大全 ‎①burst out大声喊叫；突然……起来 ‎②go out外出；不再流行；(灯)熄灭 ‎③put out熄灭；扑灭；生产 ‎④come out出来；出版 ‎⑤help out帮助解决难题(摆脱困境)‎ ‎⑥look out留神；注意 ‎⑦watch out注意；提防 ‎⑧find out找出；查明 ‎⑨break out 突发；爆发 ‎2．birth用法小结 ‎①give birth to 分娩；出现；产生 ‎②at birth 在出生时 ‎③by birth 在血统上 ‎④from birth自出生以来 ‎3．“动词 ... from”表“阻止；禁止”短语 ‎①prevent sb. from doing sth.‎ ‎②discourage sb. from doing sth.‎ ‎③stop sb. from doing sth.‎ ‎④ban sb. from doing sth.‎ ‎⑤keep sb. from doing sth.‎ ‎1．But when I tried to step forward, I found I was carried twice as far as on the earth and fell over.‎ 而当我试着向前迈步时，我发觉我被送出去很远，步子的跨度竟是在地球上的两倍，因而我摔倒了。‎ ‎2．“Oh, dear，” I cried, “walking does need a bit of practice now that gravity has changed.”‎ ‎“天哪，”我大声说，“重力改变了，看来走路也的确需要练一练了。”‎ ‎【句式仿写】‎ ‎1．Jessica devoted ________________________________as she did before, so I believe she will succeed this time.‎ 杰西卡付出的是以前的时间和精力的三倍，所以我相信她这次能成功。‎ 答案：three times as much time and energy ‎2．________you are a big boy, you must behave better!‎ 你既已长大，就该像些样子了吧！‎ 答案：Now that 联想积累 英语中常见的倍数表达法 ‎①A＋be＋倍数＋as＋adj./adv.原级＋as B ‎②A＋be＋倍数＋adj./adv.比较级＋than B ‎③A＋be＋倍数＋the＋名词(size/weight/length ...)＋of B ‎④A＋be＋倍数＋what从句 ‎ [单词点津]‎ harmful　adj. 有害的 ‎[教材原句]What many scientists believe is that the continued presence of water allowed the earth to dissolve harmful gases and acids into the oceans and seas.‎ 很多科学家相信，由于地球上长期有水存在，使地球得以把有害气体和酸性物质溶解在海洋里。‎ ‎(1)be harmful to对……有害 ‎(2)harm n. &vt.伤害；损害 do harm to sb.＝do sb. harm伤害某人 mean no harm to ... 对……没有恶意 There is no harm in doing ... 不妨做……‎ ‎【即景活用】‎ ‎(1)单句语法填空 ‎①Formaldehyde is used in the building materials, which is as ________(harm) a chemical to our health as melamine.‎ ‎②As we all know, a bad eating habit does harm ________one's health.‎ 答案：①harmful　②to ‎(2)完成句子 ‎①She's a terrible gossip but she ________________ .‎ 她爱说三道四，不过她没有恶意。‎ ‎②He may not be able to help but ________________asking him.‎ 他可能帮不了忙，但是求他一下倒也无妨。‎ 答案：①means no harm　②there is no harm in exist　vi. 生存；存在 ‎[教材原句]They laid eggs too and existed on the earth for more than 140 million years.‎ 它们也生蛋，在地球上生存了一亿四千多万年。‎ ‎(1)exist in 存在于……之中 exist on 靠……而生存 There exist(s)/existed ... 某地有……；存在……‎ ‎(2)existence n. 存在；生存 come into existence 产生；成立；开始存在 ‎(3)existing adj. 现存的；正在使用的 ‎【即景活用】‎ ‎(1)单句语法填空 ‎①It merely exists ________the illusions of those talkers.‎ ‎②As is known to us, the People's Republic of China came into ________(exist) as an independent country in 1949.‎ ‎③The service is available to all __________(exist) customers.‎ 答案：①in　②existence　③existing ‎(2)单句改错 There are exist different opinions on this question at the meeting.‎ ‎_____________________________________________________‎ 答案：去掉are puzzle　n. 谜；难题　vt. & vi. (使)迷惑；(使)为难 ‎[教材原句]How life began on earth is one of the biggest puzzles that scientists found hard to solve.‎ 地球生命如何起源是科学家们觉得很难解决的最大的难题之一。‎ ‎(1)puzzle about/over 冥思苦想；苦苦思索 ‎(2)a puzzle to sb.一件让某人感到困惑的事情 ‎(3)puzzling adj. 令人迷惑的 puzzled adj.迷惑不解的；困惑的 ‎【即景活用】‎ ‎(1)单句语法填空 ‎①Their reason for doing it is still ________puzzle to me.‎ ‎②The police are still puzzling ________how the accident could ‎ have happened.‎ ‎③Her ________(puzzle) look on her face suggested she didn't understand what I said.‎ 答案：①a　②about/over　③puzzled ‎(2)单句改错 The reporters as well as some critics remained puzzling by the election results.‎ ‎_____________________________________________________‎ 答案：puzzling→puzzled pull　n. & vt. (拉)力；拖；牵引力 ‎[教材原句]As the rocket rose into the air, we were pushed back into our seats because we were trying to escape the pull of the earth's gravity.‎ 随着火箭升入空中，由于我们在努力挣脱地球的引力，我们被向后推在座位上。‎ ‎【即景活用】‎ 完成句子 ‎①The boss employed ten workers to ____________the old house.‎ 老板雇用了十个工人拆除那座旧房子。‎ ‎②Her family wondered if she could ______________after the operation.‎ 她的家人想知道她是否能够在术后恢复健康。‎ ‎③The policeman ____________the driver and asked to see his licence.‎ 警察让那个司机停下来，要求看他的驾驶执照。‎ 答案：①pull down　②pull through　③pulled up ‎[短语点拨]‎ in time 及时；终于；迟早 ‎[教材原句]Next, green plants began to grow on land. They were followed in time by land animals.‎ 接下来，绿色植物开始出现在陆地上。随后，陆地上出现了动物。‎ ‎(1)in time for ... 刚好赶上……‎ in time to do sth. 及时做某事 ‎(2)in no time立刻；马上 at no time决不(放在句首时，句子用部分倒装)‎ at a time每次；一次 at one time曾经；一度 at the same time同时；然而 from time to time有时；偶尔 ‎(3)take one's time别着急；慢慢来 kill time消磨时光 ‎【即景活用】‎ 完成句子 ‎①As the proverb goes, “Where there is a will, there is a way.” Our efforts will pay off ________ .‎ 常言道，“有志者，事竟成”，我们的努力迟早会有所回报。‎ ‎②You'd better do one thing ________ , so that you can concentrate on it.‎ 你最好一次做一件事，这样你就能集中注意力。‎ ‎③________did anyone involved speak to the press.‎ 任何相关人员都没有向媒体发表过言论。‎ ‎④We'll be able to finish repairing your car ________ .‎ 我们将很快就能把你的车修好。‎ 答案：①in time　②at a time　③At no time　④in no time in one's turn 轮到某人 ‎[教材原句]Thus they have, in their turn, become the most ‎ important animals on the planet.‎ 因此轮到它们成为这个行星上最重要的动物。‎ in turn 依次地；相应地 by turns 轮流地；交替地 take turns to do ... 轮流做……‎ It's one's turn to do sth. 轮到某人做某事了 ‎【即景活用】‎ ‎(1)单句语法填空 Now the young parents have to take turns ________(look) after their sick baby.‎ 答案：to look ‎(2)完成句子 ‎①Theory is based on practice and ________serves practice.‎ 理论以实践为基础，相应地又服务于实践。‎ ‎②I think it is ____________drive the kids to school this week.‎ 我想本周轮到我们开车送孩子们上学了。‎ 答案：①in turn　②our turn to break out (战争、火灾、瘟疫等)突发；爆发 ‎[教材原句]We watched, amazed as fire broke out on the outside of the spaceship as the earth's gravity increased.‎ 我们惊奇地看着，随着地球引力的增加，宇宙飞船的外层燃烧起火。‎ break away(from) 摆脱；脱离 break in闯入；打断 break into 破门而入 break off断开；中断 break through 突破；克服；战胜 break up粉碎；解散；(关系)破裂；结束；放假 break down (机器)出故障；(身体)垮掉；禁不住哭起来；(谈判 等)失败；(化学)分解)‎ ‎【即景活用】‎ 完成句子 ‎①At last the firefighters put out the fire in the supermarket, which ________at ten this morning.‎ 最终消防员们扑灭了今早十点超市发生的大火。‎ ‎②More healthy food, or your body will ________sooner or later.‎ 多吃健康食品，不然你的身体迟早会垮掉。‎ ‎③He ______________the guard and rushed into the hall.‎ 他挣脱了警卫，冲进了大厅。‎ 答案：①broke out　②break down　③broke away from ‎[句型与语法]‎ ‎[教材原句]The earth became so violent that it was not clear whether the shape would last or not.‎ 地球变得如此激烈动荡以至于不知道这个固体形状是否会继续存在下去。‎ ‎(1)本句中it是形式主语，真正的主语是whether the shape would last or not。‎ ‎(2)①在句中起主语作用的从句称为主语从句(Subject Clause)。引导主语从句的连接词主要有三类：‎ a．连词that, whether等；‎ b．连接代词what, who, whose, whatever, whichever, whoever等；‎ c．连接副词when, where, why, how, whenever, however, wherever等。‎ ‎②常用it作形式上的主语 由于主语从句太长，为了避免头重脚轻，常常用it作形式主语，而把主语从句放在句末。比较常见的句型有：‎ a．It＋be＋形容词(important, likely, possible, clear等)＋主语从句；‎ b．It＋be＋名词(secret/idea/mystery/pity/pleasure/wonder等)＋主语从句；‎ c．It＋be＋过去分词(known/said/reported/suggested等)＋主语从句；‎ d．It＋特殊动词(appear/seem/happen/matter等)＋主语从句。‎ ‎【即景活用】‎ ‎(1)单句语法填空 ‎①________we will go outing or not depends on the weather.‎ ‎②It is obvious to the students ________they should get well prepared for their future.‎ ‎③Exactly ________the potato was introduced into Europe is uncertain, but it was probably around 1565.‎ ‎④I think ________impresses me about his painting most is the colours he uses.‎ 答案：①Whether　②that　③when　④what ‎(2)单句改错 Whomever is responsible for this project will be punished.‎ ‎_____________________________________________________‎ 答案：Whomever→Whoever ‎[教材原句]This produced a chain reaction, which made it possible for life to develop.‎ 这就产生了一系列的反应，使得生命的发展成为可能。‎ ‎(1)本从句是“make it＋形容词/名词＋for sb./sth.＋to do sth.”句型。其中it为形式宾语，指代后面的不定式结构。‎ ‎(2)make＋复合宾语的结构 ‎①make＋it＋形容词/名词＋不定式/从句。‎ ‎②make＋宾语＋宾语补足语 ‎③find, feel, think, leave等动词也有这样的用法。‎ ‎【即景活用】‎ ‎(1)单句语法填空 ‎①The sun gives off light and warmth, which makes ________possible for plants to grow.‎ ‎②He bought her a brandy and made her ________(drink) it.‎ ‎③While we should provide “safe spaces” within colleges, we must also make it safe ________(express) opinions and challenge majority views.‎ ‎④As busy people, we are always looking for ways to save time and make our lives ________(easy)．‎ 答案：①it　②drink　③to express　④easier ‎(2)单句改错 They want to make clear to the public that they do an important and necessary job.‎ ‎_____________________________________________________‎ 答案：make后加it No one __1__(know) exactly how the earth began. According to a __2__(wide) accepted theory, the universe began with a “Big Bang”， __3__exploded loudly and produced water vapour and many __4__(gas) making the earth's atmosphere. As the earth cooled down, water appeared and stayed __5__the surface. It was the presence of water that allowed the earth to dissolve harmful gases and acids into the oceans and seas, which made __6__possible for life to develop. First, the appearance of small plants encouraged the later development of early shellfish and all sorts of fish. Next, green plants began to grow on land, __7__(follow) by land animals. So reptiles appeared for the first time. Later, dinosaurs developed. However, they suddenly disappeared. After that, mammals came into being. Finally, humans __8__(appear) and spread all over the earth. However, they are putting too much carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, __9__(make) the earth too hot to live on. So, __10__life will continue on the earth for millions of years to come will depend on ‎ whether this problem can be solved.‎ ‎1．________ 　2.________ 　3.________ 　4.________ 　5.________ 　6.________ 　7.________ 　8.________ 　9.________ 　10.________ ‎ 答案：1.knows　2.widely　3.which　4.gases　5.on ‎6．it　7.followed　8.appeared　9.making　10.whether