高考英语最后30天语法精讲时态、语态 12页

只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 - 1 - 2013 高考英语 最后 30 天语法精讲 时态、语态 时态的综合问题 在说或写一句话时，通常要选择一个中心时态，这个中心时态影响其它时态 ，即时态要 前后一致。 以“现在”为中心：若开始叙述或描述着眼于“现在”，则常以“现在”为起点，从而 会出现一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时或一般将来时连用的情况。 Our postman usually delivers our arrival at 7 every morning. It (be) nearly lunchtime and the mail still (not arrive). I (suppose) the mail (come) soon. Perhaps he (be) ill. (is, hasn’t arrived, suppose, will come, is 以“过去”为中心：若着眼于“过去”，则常以“过去某时”为基点，从而出现一般过 去时、过去进行时、过去将来时和过去完成时连用的情况。 We lived in the street. They (build) houses all around us then. We (be) there for 10 years and (imagine) we (stay) there for the rest of our lives. (were building, had been, imagined, would stay) 一般现在时 1、所有或任何时候都发生的动作或情况，即重复发生的动作 --- How often does she visit her parents? --- Twice a month. 2、永恒的真理 Summer follows spring. 3、 ①在条件或时间状语从句中 I’ll let you know as soon as he gets there. ②讨论计划和时间表或日程表时 We leave at 11:15 and arrive at 17:50 tomorrow. 4、固定词组如 I see（明白）、I hear（听说）、I think（认为、想）、 I feel（感觉）以引出已经了解的情况 I see there’s some trouble in London. 现在进行时 1、说话时正进行的动作或情况 Someone’s knocking at the door. Can you answer it? 2、发展中的或正在改变的情况 The weather is getting better and better. 3、任何时候都可能在进行中的事情 I don’t like to be disturbed if I’m working. You look lovely when you’re smiling. 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 - 2 - 4、表示将来 ①可用下列词：go, come, arrive, leave, start He’s arriving tomorrow morning. ②通过一个表示将来的的时间状语 What are you doing this evening? 5、现在进行时与一般现在时的对比 ①现在进行时用来谈论暂时的情况，一般现在时用来表示永久的情况，或经常发生的事情 或习惯 He’s not working very hard at the moment. （目前工作不努力） He doesn’t work very hard. （通常工作不努力） ②讲故事、评论事情、解说体育运动等用一般现在时来叙述故事中一件又一件发生的事 情 Harrison shoots, but the ball hits the post and Jackson clear. （哈里森射门，但是球碰倒柱子上，接着杰克逊解了围） 一般将来时 1、用 will, shall 表示 ①决定：谈及正在作出的一项决定时，常用 I’ll----I will，不能用 be going to , 因为它表示事先就已经作出的决定 ---The phone’s ringing. ---I’ll answer it. ---Come to a party. ---OK. I’ll bring my friend. ②威胁和允诺：第一人称用 will (‘ll)；第二人称用 shall I’ll hit you if you do that again. He shall have a gift for Christmas. ③提议和请求：用 Shall I …?/Shall we…?表示提议； 用 Will you…?表示请求 Shall I carry your bag? Will you give me a hand? ④I will/ We will 表示有强烈意图、提议、坚持或自愿做某事； 不能用 shall I will stop smoking---I really will. 2、用 be going to 表示 ①已经决定要做的事情 We’re going to France next summer. ②现在肯定讲会发生的事情 Look at those clouds---it’s going to rain. ③强烈的决心 I’m going to keep asking her out until she says yes. 3、用 be about to do sth 表示最近的将来，“正要”，“马上就要” 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 - 3 - I am about to leave when there is a knock at the door. 4、用 be to do sth 表示预定要做的事情 The French President is to visit Japan next week 5、be going to 与 will / shall 的对比 ①都可以表示预言 Do you think the car will start / is going to start? ②讲到条件时（即如果一事发生，另一事也就发生），用 will / shall 对将来进行预测，不 用 be going to ，即使条件没有说出来 If I give you money you’ll only spend it on drink. ---Come out for a drink. ---No, my TV program. A. I’m going to miss B. I’ll miss (B) 6、一般现在时及现在进行时表示将来的情况（见前面） 现在完成时 1、开始于过去并将持续到现在的动作，常与下列词连用：for…, since…, recently, lately, so far, all this year, up till now, etc. I’ve planted 14 trees so far this morning. ---How are you today? ---Oh, I as ill as I do now for a long time. A. didn’t feel B. don’t feel C. wasn’t feeling D. haven’t felt (D) (NMET 2000) 2、在过去某个不确定的时间发生的动作，但与现在有某种联系，因为我们所关心的是“现在” 还存在着“过去”发生某事的结果，常和下列词连用：ever（问句或肯定句)，already(肯 定句), never(否定句),yet(问句或否定句),before --- my glasses? ---Yes, I saw them on your bed a minute ago. A. Do you see B. Had you seen C. Would you see D. Have you seen (NMET86) (D) eg. 1)--Have you passed your test ? --Yes. --When did you pass it? --(I passed it) Last week. 2) —Have you passed your test? --Not yet. --When will you pass it? -- Next week. 对比： Have you seen this film? （曾经经过） Did you see this film ? （某特定时间） 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 - 4 - 3、可表示反复性或习惯性，常与 often, three times 等词连用 I’ve watched him on TV several times. 4、终止性动词可用完成时，但不能和 for, how long 等时间词连用，此时常用替换词 This film has begun How long has this film been on? begin borrow come die be on keep be here be dead join buy leave be in have be away 5、其它和现在完成时连用的词: just, in (within) the past (last) + 时间段； 对比： He has just fallen downstairs. He fell downstairs just now. 6、特殊结构 ①This is the first (most / only ) + n. + that-clause This is the best film I have ever seen. ②It’s + 时间段+ since-clause (从句用过去时） It’s two years since he died. He has been dead for two years. He died two years ago. 7、现在完成时与现在完成进行时 现在完成进行时强调动作延续到未来或仍在进行. I’ve written an article. （已完成） I’ve been writing an article. （还在写） 一般过去时 1、过去已经完成的动作、结束的事情，或在过去重复发生的动作 When I was a child we always went to the seaside in August. 2、used to :表示过去的习惯，现在不存在 I used to smoke, but I don’t any more. 3、用在 it’s time, would rather, wish 后面的从句中 It’s time you went home. I wish I had a better memory. I’d rather you came tomorrow. 4、在从句中用来说明现在还存在着“过去”的情况 I’m sorry we left Paris. It was such a nice place. 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 - 5 - 5、could, might, would, should 等“过去”的情态动词可用来指现在或者将来 Could you help me for a moment ? I think it might rain soon. Would you come this way, please ? Alice should be here soon. 6、一般过去时与现在完成时在时间上的比较 ①现在完成时所用的时间词: since, ever since, for…, recently, lately, so far, yet, all this year, all my life, ever, never, already, before, just, in / during the last /past + 时间段, etc. ②一般过去时所用的时间词 yesterday, last week, in 1999, when, years ago, then, just now, etc. 过去进行时 1、过去某时正发生的事情 What were you doing yesterday at seven p. m. ? 2、在一个句子里，过去进行时常与一般过去时连用，此时，进行时表示较长的正在进行的动 作，而一般时表示较短暂的动作或事情 The phone rang while I was having my bath. When she arrived, I was telephoning Harry. When she arrived, I telephoned Harry. (到后做) The reporter said that the UFO was traveling to west when he saw it. 3、可用 while 强调同时进行的两种或几种动作 While I was working in the garden, my wife was cooking dinner. 过去将来时 １、从过去的观点来看未来，常用在宾语从句中或间接引语中 Last week he (promise) that (come) today, but he (not arrive) yet. (promised / would come / hasn’t arrived ) 2、过去将来时的其它主要形式 was / were going to was / were about to We were just going to ( about to ) leave when Tom fell and hurt his ankle. 过去完成时 １、过去发生的两个动作，先发生的用过去完成时 With their help I realized that I had been wrong. 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 - 6 - 2、过去某时以前发生的动作或情况 He hasn’t finished yet. He didn’t finish yesterday evening. He hadn’t finished by yesterday evening. 3、常用过去完成时的情况 ①No sooner…than…. Hardly…when… No sooner had he begun his speech than he was interrupted ②expect, hope, think, want, suppose 等动词的过去完成时（或一般时）表示想做而 未做的事 I had planned to send him a telegram, but I didn’t manage it. 4、使用过去完成时的必要性和非必要性 ①句意十分清楚时，可用一般时 After I finished, I went home. ②常用一般过去时表示依次发生的动作 I got out of the taxi, paid the fare（车费) and managed it. ③有时必须明确，特别是含 when 时 When I arrived, Ann left. (同时见到）（见到 Ann) When I arrived, Ann had left. （先后发生）（没见到） 5、常用过去完成时的时间主状语 by the end of + 过去时间 ； by + 过去时间 by the time + 过去时间； 过去时间 + before 比较： By the time he was 11, he had learned 3000 words . By the time he is 11, he will have learned 3000 words. By the time last week, I had learned 3000 words. By the time next week, I will have learned 3000 words 语 态 １、含有被动意义的主动动词 sell wash write read The new type (of ) TV receiver sells well. This book reads interesting. The pen writes quite smoothly. This (kind of) cloth washes very well. This cloth is washed. (洗好了） 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 - 7 - ２、常用被动结构的动词 be born be married be obliged be hurt be caught in the rain be covered with I was caught in the rain on the way back. ３、主动表示被动的情况 ①知觉动词 ＋ adj. The material feels very soft. The music sounds too loud. ②非谓语动词 A. need want require be worth Your coat wants mending ( to be mended). B. Subj. + be + adj. + to do (vt.) The chair is comfortable to sit on ★ be to blame (该受责备） C. There be There are six letters to write (to be written). ③ prove -vi. （被）证明是 He will prove (to be) the winner. ４、get + p. p. She got caught in the rain. From then on, her leg got treated four times a day. 5、（人）+ be + 情感动词-ed be surprised (astonished, etc. ) at (with ….) His words astonished everyone in the room. → Everyone was astonished at his words. be delighted at (with); be pleased at (by, with ); be tired of (from); be satisfied with; be worried about; be interested in; be frightened ( terrified) at ６、自动和它动 很多动词既可以用 vt. 又可以用 vi, 但要注意： The door opened ( by itself). The door was opened. The village since we last visited it. A. has changed B. has been changed (A) The planned has been changed. 7、被动语态 + by (with) + 行为主体 by 后接人或物做某事 with 后接手段、方式、工具 He was killed by a falling stone He was killed with a knife. 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 - 8 - ８、注意下列被动形式 ①be being done ② have been done ③ be going to be The bridge is said to be being built. The bridge is said to have been built. EXERCISES 1 1. --Nancy is not coming tonight. --But she ! A. promised B. promises C. will promise D. had promised 2. They the train until it disappeared in the distance. A. saw B. watched C. noticed D. observed 3. it with me and I’ll see what I can do. A. When left B. Leaving C. If you leave D. Leave 4.Shirley a book about China last year but I don’t know whether she has finished it. A. has written B. wrote C. was writing D. had written 5.Cleaning women in big cities usually get by the hour. A. pay B. paid C. paying D. to pay 6. I first met Lisa three years ago. She at a radio shop at the time. A. has worked B. had been working 1—6 (ABDCBB) C. was working D. had worked 7. him and then try to copy what he does. A. Watch B. Glance at C. Stare at D. Mind 8. Hundreds of jobs if the factory closes. A. lose B. will be lost C. are lost D. will lose 9. --Hi, Tracy, you look tired. --I am tired. I the living room. all day. A. painted B. had painted C. have been painted D. have painted 10. --Is this raincoat yours ? --No, mine there behind the door. A. hangs B. has hung C. is hanging D. hung 11.--Alice , why didn’t you come yesterday ? --I , but I had an unexpected visitor. 7-12 (ABCCCD) A. had B. would C. was going to D. did 12. --Who is Jerry Cooper ? -- ? I saw you shaking hands with him at the meeting. A. Don’t you meet him yet B. Hadn’t you met him yet C. Didn’t you meet him yet D. Haven’t you met him yet 13. Visitors not to touch the exhibits. A. request B. are requested C. will request D. are requesting 14. –You’ve left the light on. --Oh, so I have, and turn it off. A. I’m going B. I’ll go C. I go D. I’ve gone 15. --Do you think the STARS will beat the BULLS? --Yes. They have better players, so I them to win. 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 - 9 - A. hope B. expect C. prefer D. want 16. –Hey, look where you are going ! – Oh, I’m terribly sorry. . A. I’m not noticing B. I haven’t noticed C. I wasn’t noticing D. I don’t notice 17. I’ve won a holiday for two to Florida. I my mum. A. am taking B. have taken C. take D. will have take 18. The price , but I doubt whether it will remain so. A. went down B. will go down 13-18 (BBBCAC) C. has gone down D. was going down 19. Books of this kind well. A. sell B. sells C. are sold D. is sold 20.--Why haven’t you bought any butter? -- I to but I forgot about it. A. liked B. wished C. meant D. expected 21. A new cinema here. They hope to finish it next month. A. will be built B. is built C. has been built D. is being built 22.Have a good rest, you need to your energy for the tennis match this afternoon. A. leave B. save C. hold D. get 23. Old McDonald gave up smoking for a while, but soon to his old way. A. returned B. will return C. was returning 24. --You ‘re drinking too much. --Only at home. No one me but you. A. is seeing B. had seen C. sees D. saw 19-24(ACDBAC) 25. As we joined the big crowd I got from my friends. A. lost B. spared C. separated D. missed 26. Nick is looking for another job because he feels that nothing he does his boss. A. serves B. satisfies C. promises D. supports 27. All the preparations for the task , and we’re ready to start. A. completed B. complete C. had been completed D. have been completed 28. Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task because technology so rapidly. A. is changing B. has changed C. will have changed D. will change 29. I ping-pong quite well, but I haven’t had time to play since the new year. A. will play B. have played C. played D. play 30. The new suspension bridge by the end of last month. A. has been designed B. had been designed C. was designed D. would be designed 25-30(CBDADB) 31. Time will whether I made the right choice or not. A. see B. say C. know D. tell 32. The rubber plantation as far as the river. A. advances B. extends C. lies D. develops 33. He came to my class every week, but his attitude he was not really 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 - 10 - interested in the subject. A. expressed B. described C. explained D. suggested 34. E-mail, as well as telephones, an important part in daily communication. A. is playing B. have played C. are playing D. play 35. Mother told Jim to the milk until it boiled and then turn off the gas. A. observe B. watch C. notice D. glance 31-36(DBDABD) 36. The manager has to improve the working conditions in the company. A. accepted B. allowed C. permitted D. agreed 37. In some parts of the world, tea with milk and sugar. A. is serving B. is served C. serves D. served 38.I don’t think Jim saw me; he into space. A. just stared B. was just staring C. has just stared D. had just stared 39. --Can I join your club, Dad ? --You can when you a bit older. A. get B. will have got C. will get D. will have got 40.I don’t really work here, I until the new secretary arrives. A. just help out B. have just helped out C. am just helping out D. will just help out 41.--Can I help you, sir ? --Yes, I bought this radio here yesterday, but it . A. didn’t work B. won’t work C. can’t work D. doesn’t work 42. As she the newspaper, Granny asleep. A. read, was falling B. was reading, fell C. was reading, was falling D. read, fell 37-42(BBACDB) 43. Tom into the house when no one . A. slipped; was looking B. had slipped; looked C. slipped; had looked D. was slipping; looked 44. We were all surprised when he made it clear that he office soon. A. leaves B. would leave C. left D. had left 45. --Your phone number again ? I quite catch it. --It’s 9568427. A. didn’t B. couldn’t C. don’t D. can’t 46. --I’m sorry to keep you waiting. --Oh, not at all. I here only a few minutes. A. have been B. had been C. was 47. The pen I I is on my desk right under my nose. A. think; lost B. thought; had lost C. think; had lost D. thought; have lost 48.Helen her key in the office so she had to wait until her husband home. A. had left; comes B. left; had come C. had left; came D. had left; would 43-48(ABAABC) 49. You don’t need to describe her. I her several times. A. had met B. have met C. met D. meet 50. When Jack arrived he learned Mary for about an hour. A. had gone B. had set off C. had left D. had been away 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 - 11 - 51. --How long watch other before they married ? --For about a year. A. did they know; were going to get B. have they known; get C. do they know; are going to get D. had they known; got 52. --Do you know our town at all ? --No, this is the first time I here. A. was B. am going C. came D. have been 53.-- the sports meet might be put off. --yes, it all depends on the weather. A. I’ve been told B. I’ve told C. I’m told D. I told 54. --Have you moved into the new house? --Not yet. The rooms . A. are being painted B. are painting C. are painted D. are being painting 49-54 (BDDDAA) EXERCISE 2 （改错，每句一错，可根据时态增减若干词） 1.Remember to send me a photo of your son the next time you will write to me. 2. By the time he leaves Beijing, he had received 889 letters. 3. She was a bit nervous as she has never spoke in public. 4.--Did Mr. Baker go to Japan last year? --No, he’d never been there. 5. The last time I have seen Jane she was picking cotton in the field. 6. If you don’t come to the office, I’ll go to your house and will find out why you are not at work. 7. Hello! I don’t know you were in London. How long have you been here ? 8. --When will he come again? --When he will come, I’ll let you know. 9. Tom fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurted himself 10. It isn’t long before such a thing happens again. 11. He has been to the West Lake twice in 1996. 12. Who is coming to school earliest in your class every morning? 13. --How did you like the film? --I never saw such a wonderful one. 14.The key to my car was missing. I have looked for it everywhere 15. We’ll come to any decision until we will have a chance to discuss the problem thoroughly. 16. Don’t get that ink on your shirt , for it doesn’t wash out. 17. The scientists had been to Australia and he will give us a talk when he comes back. 18. While you rest, I will read you today’s newspaper. 19.In the past three years, he had visited the country five times. 20.Look at this ! I was going through some old photos and find this baby picture. 21. I wanted to help you but couldn’t get there in time. 22. Whenever I visit him, he works in the lab. 23. Textbooks required to come in time. 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 - 12 - 24.By the end of next July this task will have finished. 25. Come and sit down by the fire, Your hand is felt so cold. 26. The harder you will work, the greater progress you make. 27. The book was received so eagerly that it sold out on the first day. 28. Jackson was wanting to work in a factory though he hated serving there. 29. --Did you enjoy last night’s concert? --Yes, though the last piece played rather poorly. 30. The Anti-Japanese War was broken out in 1937 and it lasted eight years. 31. Great changes have been taken place in our city, and some schools have been set up. 1.you write to me 2. left Beijing 3. she had never 4. he’s never been 5. I saw Jane 6. and find out 7. I didn’t know 8. When he comes 9. hurt himself 10. It won’t be long 11. He went to 12. Who comes to 13. I have never seen 14. is missing 15. we have a 16. for it won’t wash 17. has gone to 18. you are resting 19. he has visited 20. and found this 21. I had wanted to 22. he is working 23. are required 24. been finished 25. feels so 26. you work 27. was sold out 28. was wanted to 29. was played 30. War broke out 31. have taken place