广西浦北县 2017 高考英语一轮阅读理解选练 11页

只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 1 广西浦北县 2017 高考英语一轮阅读理解选练 （2016 高考训练）阅读下列材料，从每题所给的选项中选出最佳选项。 体裁：说明文 话题：人与科技 词数：365 时间：5′ You don't need to get in a timetraveling machine to see how technology will reshape our lives, such as the way we shop. Several new technologies that are to change your buying habits already exist.Let's see what's in store for your future shopping. Try it on, virtually (虚拟地). Want to shop online for a new pair of eyeglasses? You don't need to guess which pair looks best on you—use the eBay Fashion iPhone app(程 序) to try a pair of eyewear you're checking out on a picture of your face. But what if you want to buy something bigger? Thanks to Microsoft Kinect's motion tracking camera, you can cover clothes on your screen body. You can even choose the background of your virtual fitting room to enrich your shopping experience. Get a perfect, custom fit. Everyone's body is shaped differently. To get a perfect fit, you sometimes have to get your clothes changed. But by using 3D scanning technology, all the clothes you buy will fit your body perfectly.Some companies scan your body using Hightech to get the most accurate measurements, so they can make special clothes just for you. Hightech shopping carts and checkout counters. Hightech shopping carts could, in time, be a common sight in malls and supermarkets. Microsoft Kinectenabled carts are currently under test. The cart can follow you along the aisles (通道), controlled merely by your movement and your voice. In China, a supermarket chain introduced tabletequipped carts that guide shoppers around the stores' aisles. In the United States, several supermarkets use a device called Scan It that gives buyers the freedom to scan purchases on their own while they shop. While it's great not having to line up at a checkout counter, we wouldn't mind it if the store used Toshiba's new Object Recognition Scanner. The machine identifies a product as soon as it's placed in front of a camera just by its shape and color, even if it has no bar code. 【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了几种未来的购物方式。 1．What's the best title for this text? 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 2 A．Ways for future shopping B．Influence of new technology C．Inventions to change habits D．A new timetraveling machine 答案 A [标题归纳题。根据文章第一段的最后一 句“Let's see what's in store for your future shopping”可推知，答案 A 未来的购物方 式，最适合做文章标题。] 2．According to Paragraph 2，the eBay Fashion iPhone app can ________． A．make vivid pictures of our face B．help us sell more clothes online C．create us a virtual dressing room D．choose suitable eyeglasses for us 答案 D [推理判断题。根据文章第二段中“You don't need to guess which pair looks best on you—use the eBay Fashionl iPhone app(程序)to try a pair of eyewear you're checking out on a picture of your face.” 可推知，答案 D 为你选择一副适合的眼镜，符合文意。] 3．Which of the following can get the most accurate shape of our body? A．Object Recognition Scanner. B．The eBay Fashion iPhone app. C．3D scanning technology. D．Microsoft Kinectenabled carts. 答案 C [细节理解题。根据文章第三段中“But by using 3D scanning technology，all the clothes you buy will fit your body perfectly.” 可知，3D 扫描技术最精确，答案 C 符合文意。] 4．The Object Recognition Scanner can identify a product more quickly by ________． A．the customer's voice B．its shape and color C．the customer's movement D．the bar code on it 答案 B [细节理解题。根据文章最后一段的最后 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 3 一句“The machine identifies a product as soon as it's placed in front of a camera just by its shape and color, even if it has no bar code”可知，此处 the machine 指的是 Toshiba's new object Recognition Scanner，故答案 B 符合文意。] 5．What can we infer from this text? A．Checkout counters will disappear from supermarkets in future. B．Buyers can use Scan It to go around the supermarket by themselves. C．Hightech shopping carts will be widely used in malls and supermarkets. D．The new technologies are only dreams that are impossible to come true. 答案 C [推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段的第 一句“Hightech shopping carts could，in time，be a common sight in malls and supermarkets”中 in time(迟早)可推知，高科技购物未来将广泛地应用到商场和超市中，故 答案 C 符合文意。] 【上海市徐汇区 2014 诊断卷】阅读理解 Charlie Bell became chief executive of McDonald’s in April. Within a month doctors told him that he had colorectal cancer. After stock market hours on November 22nd, the fast-food firm said he had resigned; it would need a third boss in under a year. Yet when the market opened, its share price barely dipped then edged higher. After all, McDonald’s had, again, shown how to act swiftly and decisively in appointing a new boss. Mr. Bell himself got the top job when Jim Cantalupo died of a heart attack hours before he was due to address a convention of McDonald’s franchisees(获特许经营 联营店者). Mr. Cantalupo was a McDonald’s veteran brought out of retirement in January 2003 to help remodel the firm after sales began falling because of dirty restaurants, indifferent service and growing concern about junk food. He devised 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 4 a recovery plan, backed by massive marketing, and promoted Mr. Bell to chief operating officer. When Mr. Cantalupo died, a rapidly convened(召集) board confirmed Mr. Bell, a 44-year-old Australian already widely seen as his heir apparent, in the top job. The convention got its promised chief executive’s address, from the firm’s first non-American leader. Yet within weeks executives had to think about what to do if Mr. Bell became too ill to continue. Perhaps Mr. Bell had the same thing on his mind: he usually introduced Jim Skinner, the 60-year-old vice-chairman, to visitors as the “steady hand at the wheel”. Now Mr. Skinner, an expert on the firm’s overseas operations, becomes chief executive, and Mike Roberts, head of its American operations, joins the board as chief operating officer. Is Mr. Roberts now the new heir apparent? Maybe. McDonald’s has brought in supposedly healthier choices such as salads and toasted sandwiches worldwide and, instead of relying for most of its growth on opening new restaurants, has turned to upgrading its 31,000 existing ones. America has done best at this; under Mr. Roberts, like-for-like sales there were up by 7. 5% in October on a year earlier. The new team’s task is to keep the revitalization plan on course, especially overseas, where some American brands are said to face political hostility from consumers. This is a big challenge. Is an in-house succession(交替、继承) the best way to tackle it? Mr. Skinner and Mr. Roberts are both company veterans, having joined in the 1970s. Some recent academic studies find that the planned succession of a new boss from within, such as Mr. Bell and now (arguably) Mr. Roberts, produces better results than looking hastily, or outside, for one. McDonald’s smooth handling of its serial misfortunes at the top certainly seems to prove the point. Even so, everyone at McDonald’s must be hoping that it will be a long time before the firm faces yet another such emergency. 70. The main reason for the constant change at the top of McDonald is _______. A. the constant change of its share price B. the board’s failure to reach an agreement C. the falling sales 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 5 D. the physical problems of the chief executives 71. The underlined phrase “heir apparent” (in Paragraph 2) in the article most probably means someone who _______. A. has the same ideas, aims and style with a person B. has the same right to receive the family title C. is appointed as an executive of a company D. is likely to take over a person’s position when that person leaves 72. Which of the following was NOT a cause of the falling sales of McDonald? A. The change of the chief executive. B. People’s concern about junk food. C. Dirty restaurant. D. Indifferent service. 73. In terms of succession at the top, McDonald_______. A. has had to made rather hasty decisions B. prefers to appoint a new boss from within C. acts in a quick and unreasonable way D. surprises all the people with its decisions 【参考答案】70-73 DDAB 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C 和 D）中，选出最佳选项。 The next decade will witness the most important changes in the way we consume sport since the appearance of mass audience television in the 1950's. The development of media channels such as satellite and cable television, the internet and mobile telephones has broken the traditional free television model in every advanced economy. Well managed sports will remain valuable content and many will continue to grow. Forward thinking governing bodies will grasp the opportunity by repackaging their sports to adapt to the new broadcast landscape. Others will not. Brand marketers have seen the effectiveness of the traditional TV sport advertising fall over the last twenty years as audiences for free to air television fall year by year. The growth of sponsorship（赞助）as a marketing tool is one result. However, sport must compete for the sponsor dollar with other forms of content such as music, 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 6 the arts and culture and cause-related marketing, each of which offers a powerful choice. At the same time some of sports biggest marketers, the soft drink, beer and fast food companies, will come under growing pressure from social and political pressure groups concerned about levels of obesity（肥胖）, over drinking and anti-social behavior that have become such a part of modern life. Companies such as McDonalds, Coca Cola and Budweiser face calls to cut its ties with sport, which will be popular over the next decade. Are we facing a ban on soft drink sponsorship similar to that of tobacco? Certainly, the removal of hundreds of millions of sponsorship dollars from the sports economy worldwide would have destructive influence. This report analyses the threat, seeking comparisons with the strategy employed by the tobacco abolitionists（废除主义者） a decade ago. 1．Which of the following does NOT affect traditional television model? A．Cable television. B．The internet. C．Mobile phones. D．Mass audience television 2．What can we infer from the second paragraph? A．Sponsorship leads to the fall of sport advertising. B．Sport can’t match the arts. C．Music, the art and culture often act as sponsors in sports. D．The fall of advertising only happens to some brand marketers 3．If a child is overweight, which of the following may be responsible according to this passage? A．His parents. B．Growing sport sponsorship C．Some big food or drink companies. D．Advanced economy. 4．In he last paragraph, the author fears that A．the ban on tobacco will be abolished ten years later. B．the sponsorship of soft drink companies will destruct sports economy. C．food and drink companies will be popular. D．fast food and soft drink sponsorship will be banned like tobacco sooner or 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 7 later. 【参考答案】1—4、D A C D。 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A.B.C 和 D 项中，选出最佳选项。 Redheaded birthday boy Jake Balcom, newly 11, walked into the principal’s office at Centennial Lane Elementary School in Ellicott City ready for his big surprise. His name had been announced over the loudspeaker moments earlier. Today was going to be special. Back in the day—like, before fifth grade —Jake’s parents would bring cupcakes to school in his honor. But this year, for the first time, his Howard County school has forbidden parents from bringing “edible treats” for students’ birthdays. That means no more cupcakes, brownies, chocolate chip cookies, birthday cake, ice cream, Rice Krispies treats or pizza. Instead, Jake got a handshake from Principal Robert Bruce and a colorful pencil and a card. “We hope that you have a terrific birthday,” the card read. Jake just smiled, and went back to class. Centennial Lane is part of a movement across the Washington area and the country to take the battle against childhood obesity to one of education’s most beloved functions: the school party. But some are worried that the fight is going one step too far—and taking some of the fun out of being a kid. Schools, where many children eat two of their day’s meals, are being pushed to the front lines of the battle against kiddy bulge. A federal law requires schools to create wellness policies that encourage students to be more active and eat more healthfully. Some schools in Virginia have started exercise clubs. In Maryland, schools are cracking down on vending-machine junk food. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDCP), the proportion of overweight children ages 6 to 11 has skyrocketed in recent decades, from 7 percent 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 8 in 1980 to 16 percent in 2002. Among 12 to 19-year-olds, the rate of obesity more than tripled, from 5 percent to 16 percent. Health officials have called obesity a pandemic (流行病). At Centennial Lane, the principal said some parents have complained about the school’s new policy, and others have adapted by bringing in nonfood treats—such as rulers or erasers. Jake Balcom said he missed bringing treats to school. But he wasn’t too bothered by their absence because he had celebrated his birthday with friends. They went to see the movie “Wallace & Gromit: The Curse of the Were-Rabbit” and shared his birthday cake at his house. 1. What is Jake Balcom’s reaction to his gifts for his 11-year-old birthday from his school ? A. He felt puzzled by the gifts quite different from the former ones. B. He almost felt the same as before because he had celebrated his birthday with friends. C. He preferred chocolate chip cookies, birthday cake, ice cream than pencils and cards. D. He would rather have a birthday party than a handshake from the principal. 答案解析：答案为 B。本题为细节推理题。由第四段 “Jake just smiled, and went back to class.”和最后一段 “But he wasn’t too bothered by their absence because he had celebrated his birthday with friends.” 可知，答案为 B。 2. The underlined phrase “kiddy bulge” (in Paragraph 6 ) means “______”. A. parents’ gifts B. childrne’s parties C. kids’ overweight D. children’s exercises 答案解析：答案为 C。本题为词义推测题。结合该词所在的下文 “…that encourage students to be more active and eat more healthfully. Some schools in Virginia have started exercise clubs. In Maryland, schools are cracking down on vending-machine junk food.” 和下一段的首句 “…the proportion of overweight children ages 6 to 11 ….” 可知，答案为 C。 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 9 3. Which of the following is TURE according to the passage? A. Parents all agree that the fight against childhood obesity is going too far. B.According to CDCP, the proportion of overweight children has had a tendency of increasing. C. For this year’s Halloween party, kids can enjoy what they like as usual. D. Jake Balcom is a primary school pupil in fourth grade. 答案解析：答案为 B。本题为细节题。由倒数第三段的数据 “…from 7 percent in 1980 to 16 percent in 2002. Among 12 to 19-year-olds, the rate of obesity more than tripled, from 5 percent to 16 percent...” 可知，肥胖儿童的比例已经呈现增长趋势，故答案 B 正确。 由第五段 “… to take the battle against childhood obesity to one of education’s most beloved functions: the school party. But some are worried that the fight is going one step too far—and taking some of the fun out of being a kid.” 可知，选项 A 错误。由第二段 “That means no more cupcakes, brownies, chocolate chip cookies, birthday cake, ice cream, Rice Krispies treats or pizza. Instead, Jake got a handshake from Principal Robert Bruce and a colorful pencil and a card.” 可知，选项 C 错误。 由第二段首句 “Back in the day—like, before fifth grade —Jake’s parents would bring cupcakes to school in his honor.” 可推理，五年级之前的四年级，父母会带 cupcakes 到学校，可见 Jake Balcom 现在应该是五年级的学生了。故选项 D 错误。 4. Which of the following is the measure taken by the Centennial Lane Elementary School? A. Starting exercise clubs. B. Cracking down on vending-machine junk food. C. Forbidding parents from taking the food to the school. D. Taking all the fun out of being a kid. 答案解析：答案为 C。本题为细节题。题干对 Centennial Lane Elementary School 所采 取的措施提问。由第二段 “…has forbidden parents from bringing “edible treats” for students’ birthdays.” 和第五段 “Centennial Lane is part of a movement …”可知， C 选项正确。由第六段 “Some schools in Virginia have started exercise clubs. In Maryland, schools are cracking down on vending-machine junk food.” 可知，选项 A， 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 10 B 错误。第五段最后一句话提到 “But some are worried that the fight is going one step too far—and taking some of the fun out of being a kid.” ，故选项 D 错误。 【上海市闵行区2014质量调研考试】阅读理解B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. Electric cars are dirty. In fact, not only are they dirty, they might even be dirtier than their gasoline-powered cousins. People in California love to talk about “zero-emissions (零排放的) vehicles,” but people in California seem to be clueless about where electricity comes from. Power plants most all use fire to make it. Aside from the few folks who have their roofs covered with solar cells, we get our electricity from generators (发电机). Generators are fueled by something — usually coal, oil, but also by heat generated in nuclear power plants. There are a few wind farms and geothermal plants as well, but by far we get electricity mainly by burning something. In other words, those “zero-emissions” cars are likely coal-burning cars. It’s just that the coal is burned somewhere else so it looks clean. It is not. It’s as if the California Greens (加州绿党) are covering their eyes — “If I can’t see it, it’s not happening.” Gasoline is an incredibly efficient way to power a vehicle; a gallon of gas has a lot of energy in it. But when you take that gas (or another fuel) and first use it to make electricity, you waste a nice part of that energy, mostly in the form of wasted heat — at the generator, through the transmission lines, etc. A gallon of gas may power your car 25 miles. But the electricity you get from that gallon of gas won’t get you nearly as far — so electric cars burn more fuel than gas-powered ones. If our electricity came mostly from nukes, or geothermal, or hydro, or solar, or wind, then an electric car truly would be clean. But for political, technical, and economic reasons, we don’t use much of those energy sources. In addition, electric cars’ batteries which are poisonous for a long time will eventually end up in a landfill. And finally, when cars are the polluters, the pollution is spread across all the roads. When it’s a power plant, though, all the 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 11 junk is in one place. Nature is very good at cleaning up when things are not too concentrated, but it takes a lot longer when all the garbage is in one spot. 70. Which of the following words can replace “be clueless about” in paragraph 2? A. Be familiar with. B. Be curious about. C. Show their interest in. D. Fail to understand. 71. What can we learn about the California Green from the idea “If I can’t see it, it’s not happening”? A. They do not know those clean cars are likely coal-burning cars. B. They do believe the coal is burned somewhere else so it looks clean. C. They tend to hold that electricity is a nice part of energy. D. They tend to maintain that gasoline is a good way to run a vehicle. 72. According to the passage, compared with cars using gas, electric cars are more _______. A. environmentally-friendly B. expensive C. harmful D. efficient 73. We can get the conclusion from the passage that _______. A. being green is good and should be encouraged in communication B. electric cars are not clean in that we get electricity mainly by burning something C. zero-emissions vehicles should be chosen to protect our environment D. electric cars are now the dominant vehicle compared with gasoline-powered cousins 【参考答案】69—73DBCB