2019届二轮复习写作专题导练：学案(十二)　靓句赢高分——“营造亮点”用途各异的被动语态、虚拟语气、倍数和比较句型 4页

‎2019届二轮复习写作专题导练：学案(十二)　靓句赢高分——“营造亮点”用途各异的被动语态、虚拟语气、倍数和比较句型 被动语态、虚拟语气、倍数和比较句型等在写作中都属于高级句式，它们的合理运用都能给作文增色添彩。‎ 一、用英文思维的被动语态 英文中被动语态的使用比汉语更多、更普遍。一般说来，当强调动作的承受者、不必说出动作的执行者或执行者不明确时，多用被动语态。被动语态因为更突出客观事实而被广泛使用。所以考生在写作时也应该注意多用被动语态，以赢得更高的分数。‎ ‎1．be＋过去分词(be可使用各种时态)‎ The exhibition will be held from 9：00 am to 5：00 pm the day after tomorrow in the art gallery.(2017·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)‎ 展览将于后天上午9时至下午5时在美术馆举行。‎ ‎2．情态动词＋be＋过去分词 To improve the air quality, the use of private cars should be reduced.为了提高空气质量，应该减少使用私家车。‎ ‎3．get＋过去分词 The entrance to the parking place was too small and often got blocked.(2014·北京高考满分作文)‎ 通往存车处的入口太小了，经常堵车。‎ ‎[即时演练]　句型转换(主动语态变被动语态)‎ ‎1．Above all, we must do something to stop pollution.‎ ‎→Above_all,_something_must_be_done_to_stop_pollution.‎ ‎2．It is true that many things determine our future.‎ ‎→It_is_true_that_our_future_is_determined_by_many_things.‎ ‎3．The boss made him work all day long.‎ ‎→He_was_made_to_work_all_day_long.‎ ‎4．I suggest that you (should) make friends with people having different characteristics or backgrounds.‎ ‎→It_is_suggested_that_you_(should)_make_friends_with_people_having_different_characteristics_or_backgrounds.‎ 二、委婉动听的虚拟语气 虚拟语气是高中阶段较难掌握的句型之一，在运用时要注意表达的准确性。在高考作文中，不常需要表达不可能实现的非真实条件，而一般表达要求、愿望或者强调论述观点 的客观性。‎ ‎1．陈述语气变虚拟语气 ‎①I didn't take his advice, so I failed in the exam. ‎ ‎→If I had taken his advice, I wouldn't have failed in the exam.‎ ‎②It's time for us to take measures to protect endangered animals.‎ ‎→It's time that we took/should take measures to protect endangered animals.‎ ‎2．写作中常见的虚拟语气 ‎(1)if型虚拟语气，“如果……，就……”‎ Secondly, if I were you, I would take a walk in the evening with my friends.(2014·安徽高考满分作文)‎ 第二，如果我是你，我会在傍晚和朋友一起散步。‎ ‎(2)wish型虚拟语气，“希望……”‎ Besides, I wish there wouldn't be too many students in a class.(2014·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)‎ 另外，我希望一个班不会有太多的学生。‎ ‎(3)as if/though型虚拟语气，“好像……”‎ Everything in my childhood crowded upon my mind as if/though they had just happened.‎ 童年的一切一下子涌入我的脑海中，仿佛刚刚发生似的。‎ ‎(4)if only型虚拟语气，“要是……就好了；但愿……”‎ If only I could go back and reset my goals.(2015·重庆高考写作)‎ 要是我能够回到过去重新制订目标该有多好。‎ ‎(5)It's (high/about) time (that) ...型虚拟语气，“是……的时候了”‎ It is high time that both children and parents took/should take action to make some changes.‎ 确实到了孩子和父母行动起来做出一些改变的时候了。‎ ‎(6)(should) do型虚拟语气，“应该……”‎ To master Mandarin, I strongly suggest you (should) practice with Chinese people.(2015·四川高考满分作文)‎ 为了掌握普通话，我强烈建议你和中国人一起练习。‎ ‎(7)without/but for/but that含蓄型虚拟语气，“没有……，要不是……”‎ Without your help, we couldn't have finished the work ahead of time.‎ 要是没有你的帮助，我们不可能提前完成这项任务。‎ ‎[即时演练]　 用虚拟语气补全句子 ‎1．看我现在所处的糟糕境地！要是我听了你的建议就好了！‎ Look at the terrible situation I am in! If only I_had_taken_your_advice!‎ ‎2．如果她早到五分钟，她就会看见她的老朋友了。‎ If_she_had_been_here_five_minutes_earlier/Had_she_been_here_five_minutes_earlier,_she would have seen her old friend.‎ ‎3．建议每个人都应该多吃水果和蔬菜。‎ It is suggested that everyone_(should)_eat more fruit and vegetables.‎ ‎4．如果当时听我的劝告，你现在就不会有麻烦了。‎ If you had_taken my advice then, you wouldn't be in trouble now.‎ ‎5．是我们该下定决心努力学习的时候了。‎ It's high time that we_made/should_make_up_our_minds to study hard.‎ 三、不比不知道的倍数和比较句型 表示倍数和比较的句型相对较多，在写作中灵活运用这些句型有利于提高表达的准确性，提升文章的档次。‎ ‎1．倍数＋as＋形容词/副词原级＋(名词)＋as After the new technique was introduced, the production of cars this year is twice as much as that of last year.‎ 引进新技术后，今年汽车的产量是去年的两倍。‎ ‎2．the＋比较级 ...，the＋比较级 ...“越……，就越……”‎ The less the teacher does, the more the students do and the more they will learn.(2015·广东高考满分作文)‎ 老师做得越少，学生就做得越多，他们学会的就越多。‎ ‎3．比较级＋than＋any (other)＋名词单数 ...“比任何其他的都……”‎ Mike is more hardworking than any other student in the class.‎ 迈克比班里其他的任何一个同学都勤奋。‎ ‎4．be senior/junior to “比……年长/年龄小；(地位或级别等)比……高/低”‎ Mr. Liu is three years senior to me, and he is also senior to me in our company.‎ 刘先生比我大三岁，在公司里级别也比我高。‎ ‎[即时演练]　用倍数和比较句型补全句子 ‎1．我们的城市已经发展成了一个大城市，是原来的4倍大。‎ Our city has developed into a big one, which is four_times_as_big as it used to be.‎ ‎2．你学习越努力，取得的进步就越大。‎ The_harder you work, the_greater_progress you will make.‎ ‎[课时提能训练] ‎ Ⅰ.根据要求补全句子 ‎1．人们把我当作一个危险的人对待。(虚拟语气)‎ People treat me as_if_I_were_a_dangerous_person.‎ ‎2．我宁愿他们昨天没去上学。(虚拟语气)‎ I'd rather they_hadn't_gone_to_school_yesterday.‎ ‎3．诺言一旦许下，就不能违背。(被动语态)‎ Once a promise is_made,_it shouldn't_be_broken.‎ ‎4．作为一名学生，我认为应该采取一些措施节约能源。(被动语态)‎ As a student, I think some_measures_should_be_taken to save energy.‎ ‎5．如果当时你努力的话，你就能轻松地通过期末考试。(虚拟语气)‎ If you had_worked_hard,_you would_have_easily_passed the final exam.‎ ‎6．我希望昨天见到那位影星了。(虚拟语气)‎ I wish (that) I had_met_that_film_star yesterday.‎ ‎7．如今，一些青少年宁愿在家看电视也不愿意出去做运动。(比较句型)‎ Nowadays some teenagers prefer_to_watch_TV_at_home_rather_than_go_out to do exercise.‎ ‎8．什么时候去野营尚未决定。(被动语态)‎ It_hasn't_been_decided when we should go camping.‎ Ⅱ.请根据以下内容要点写一篇英语短文，尽可能多地使用被动语态、虚拟语气、倍数和比较句型 ‎1．我的家乡发生了巨大的变化，建起了很多新房屋，人们的生活水平有了很大提高。‎ ‎2．一般来说，我们越富裕就会感觉越幸福。‎ ‎3．如果你处在一个严重污染的环境中，你的心情不会好。‎ ‎4．要是我们永远有一个干净整洁的环境就好了。‎ ‎5．我强烈建议采取措施制止污染。‎ 参考范文：‎ Great changes have taken place in my hometown, where a lot of new houses have been built. People's living standard has been raised. ‎ Generally speaking, the richer we are, the happier we feel. But if you were in a badlypolluted environment, you wouldn't be in a good mood. If only we always had a very clean and tidy environment! I strongly suggest that measures (should) be taken to stop pollution. ‎