- 3.04 MB
- 2021-05-22 发布
2019
届二轮复习第十一
讲 形容词和副词
01
形容词和副词
1.
形容词
和副词的句法
作用
|
2.
形容词
变副词的
方法
|
3.
形容词
和副词的比较
等级
4.
形容词
和副词的
最高级
|
5.
形容词和副词的几个注意事项
I.
单句语法填空
|
II.
单句改错
|
III.
翻译句子
|
IV.
语法填空
|
V.
短文
改错
06
针对训练
形容词和副词
形容词和副词是历年高考的必考点。
形容词主要用来修饰名词和代词
，表示事物或人的性质和特征。
副词主要用来修饰动词、形容词、副词甚至是句子
。
一、形容词和副词的句法作用
形容词
的句法
作用
形容词主要修饰
名词或代词
，在句中主要作定语，表语和补足语。
1
There is a
beautiful
park in the center of the city.
在城市中心有一座美丽的公园。
The film is both
inspiring and interesting
.
这部电影既有趣又令人振奋。
We must keep our city
clean and tidy
.
我们必须让我们的城市干净整洁。
一、形容词和副词的句法作用
副词
的句法
作用
副词在句子中主要用作状语，用来修饰
动词、形容词和其他副词
，有时还可修饰
短语和句子
。
1
Xiao Li works very
hard
in the factory every day.
小李每天在工厂里努力工作。
He
usually
gets up at six and he is
never
late for class.
他每天
6
点起床，从未上课迟到。
Luckily
，
he managed to climb up the steep hill.
幸运的是，他爬上了这座陡峭的山。
二、形容词变副词的方法
一般
在形容词的词尾
加
-ly
将其变成
副词。
如
quick—quickly
，
slow—slowly
，
loud—loudly
，
sudden—suddenly
等。
1
一些
以辅音字母加
y
结尾的形容词，要把
y
改为
i
，再
加
-ly
。
如
happy—happily
，
angry—angrily
，
lucky—luckily
，
heavy—heavily
，
noisy—noisily
等。
2
有些以
-ble
或
le
结尾的形容词，
去掉
e
再
加
y
。
如
happy—happily
，
angry—angrily
，
lucky—luckily
，
heavy—heavily
，
noisy—noisily
等。
3
二、形容词变副词的方法
一少数
以
-e
结尾的形容词，要
去掉
e
再
加
-ly
。如
true—truly
等。但绝大多数
以
e
结尾的形容词仍然直接
加
-ly
。
如
polite—politely
，
wide—widely
，
immediate—immediately
等。
4
以
-l
结尾的形容词要在词尾
加
-ly
，以
ll
结尾的形容词要在词尾
加
-y
。
如
usual—usually
，
careful—carefully
，
useful—usefully
，
full—fully
等。
5
三、形容词和副词的比较等级
构成规则
——
规则变化
1
构成
例词
原级
比较级
最高级
单音节的词一般情况下直接加
-er
和
est
small
smaller
smallest
great
greater
greatest
hard
harder
hardest
以
e
结尾的单音节词和少数以
-ble
结尾的双音节词加
r
和
st
nice
nicer
nicest
cute
cuter
cutest
able
abler
ablest
三、形容词和副词的比较等级
构成规则
——
规则变化
1
构成
例词
原级
比较级
最高级
以一个辅音字母结尾，且前面只有一个元音的词，双写辅音字母后再加
er
和
-est
fat
fatter
fattest
thin
thinner
thinnest
hot
hotter
hottest
以“辅音字母＋
y”
结尾的词，先把
y
变为
i
再加
er
和
est
easy
easier
easiest
happy
happier
happiest
early
earlier
earliest
三、形容词和副词的比较等级
构成规则
——
规则变化
1
构成
例词
原级
比较级
最高级
少数以
-er
，
-ow
结尾的双音节词，加
-er
和
-est
clever
cleverer
cleverest
narrow
narrower
narrowest
其他双音节和多音节的形容词或副词一般在前面加
more
和
most
careful
more careful
most careful
efficiently
more efficiently
most efficiently
三、形容词和副词的比较等级
构成规则
——
不规则变化
1
原级
比较级
最高级
good
，
well
better
best
bad
，
ill
worse
worst
many
，
much
more
most
little
less
least
far
farther/further
farthest/furthest
old
older/elder
oldest/eldest
三、形容词和副词的比较等级
基本用法
——
平级比较
2
①as
＋原级
adj./adv.
＋
as...
和
······
一
样
not as/so
＋原级
adj./adv.
＋
as...
不
如
······
The old man walks
as fast as
a young man.
这位老人走路和年轻人一样快。
三、形容词和副词的比较等级
基本用法
——
平级比较
2
②as
＋原级
adj.
＋
a(n)
＋
n.
＋
as...
跟
······
一
样
Our neighbor has
as big
a house
as
ours.
我们邻居的房子和我们的一样大。
三、形容词和副词的比较等级
基本用法
——
比较级
2
①比较级＋
than...
比
······
更
；
less...than
不
如
······
This year they have produced
less
grain
than
they did last year.
今年他们生产的谷物比去年少。
三、形容词和副词的比较等级
基本用法
——
比较级
2
②
the
＋比较
级
...
the
＋比较级
越
······
，越
······
It's believed that
the harder
you work
，
the better
result you'll get.
人们相信你工作越努力，你获得的结果越好。
三、形容词和副词的比较等级
基本用法
——
比较级
2
③
the
＋比较级＋
of the
＋名词
/
代词，两者中“
较
······
的
”
Who is the
younger
of the two boys?
两个男孩中谁较小？
[
名师指津
]
倍数表达法
·
倍数＋
as
＋原级形容词
(
副词
)
＋
as...
·
倍数＋
the size/length/width/depth/height of...
·
倍数＋比较级＋
than
＋被比较对象
This room is
3 times as big as
that one.
＝
This room is
3 times bigger than
that one.
＝
This room is
3 times the size of
that one.
这个房间是那个房间的三倍大。
四、形容词和副词的最高级
三
者或三者以上的比较用最高级。表示范围的标志词有
in
，
of
，
among
等
。
Raymond's parents wanted him to have
the best
possible education.
雷蒙德的父母想让他接受最好的教育。
1
四、形容词和副词的最高级
最高级
的修饰语常见的有：序数词，
by far
，
nearly
，
almost
等
。
This is by far
the most inspiring
movie that I have ever seen.
这是我曾看过的最鼓舞人心的电影了。
2
四、形容词和副词的最高级
最高级
含义的其他表达法。
(1)“
否定词语＋比较级
”
或
“
否定词语＋
such/so...as”
结构表示最高级含义。
—Do you think that the Chinese National Games were a success?
—Yes
，
absolutely! It
couldn't be better
.
——
你认为这届中国全运会成功吗？
——
是的，绝对成功！没有比它更好的了。
3
四、形容词和副词的最高级
最高级
含义的其他表达法。
(2)
比较级形式表示最高级含义
。
Julia is
taller than any other girl
in her class.
＝
Julia is
taller than all the other girls
in her class.
＝
Julia is
the tallest girl
in her class.
朱莉娅是她班上最高的女生。
3
any other +
可数名词单数
比较级
+ than +
all the other +
可数名词复数
anything / anyone else
四、形容词和副词的最高级
the
last
表示“最不可能的”“最不适合的”“最不希望的”等。
The last
thing they want is to work in the red areas where life is hard.
他们最不乐意的是在生活艰难的红色区域里工作。
4
五、形容词和副词的几个注意事项
下列单词以“
ly”
结尾，但却是形容词而非
副词
lively
，
lonely
，
lovely
，
deadly
，
friendly
，
ugly
，
silly
，
likely(
可能的
)
，
brotherly
，
timely(
及时的
)
等。
It's
likely
that we will lose the game.
我们可能会输掉这场比赛。
1
五、形容词和副词的几个注意事项
有无
-ly
的副词的区别
一般情况下，不
带
ly
的副词表示具体概念，而
带
ly
的副词表示抽象概念。
close
表示空间距离，
closely
仔细地
deep
表示空间深度，
deeply
深深地
wide
表示空间宽度，
widely
广泛地
free
免费地，
freely
自由地
late
晚，
lately
最近
2
五、形容词和副词的几个注意事项
有无
-ly
的副词的区别
2
[
名师指津
]
direct
与
directly
的用法区别：两者均可表示
“
径直地
”
、
“
直接地
”
，但
direct
通常只位于动词之后，而
directly
则可位于动词之前或之后。
The train goes
direct
from Beijing to Qingdao.
火车从北京直达青岛。
His speech
directly
affected the strike.
他的演讲直接影响了罢工。
Ⅰ
.
单句语法填空
1
．
Even _______________
(bad)
，
the amount of fast food that people eat goes up.(2017·
全国卷
Ⅰ)
2
．
The Central London Railway was one of the most _______________
(success) of these new lines, and was opened in 1900.(2017·
全国卷
Ⅱ)
3
．
Steam engines were used to pull the carriages and it must have been
_____________
(fair)unpleasant for the passengers, with all the smoke and noise. (2017·
全国卷
Ⅱ)
4
．
I don't want to get too absorbed in modeling. It is _______________
(certain) fun but the lifestyle is a little unreal.(2017·
全国卷
Ⅲ)
5
．
From tomorrow, I will be their UK ambassador
. The
title will be _______________
(official) given to me at a ceremony in London.(2016
·全国卷Ⅰ
)
worse
successful
fairly
certainly
officially
Ⅰ
.
单句语法填空
6
．
If you feel stressed by responsibilities at work, you should take a step back and identify (
识别
)those of _______________
(great)and less importance.(2016·
全国卷
Ⅱ)
7
．
The more I thought about it
，
the _______________
(bad) my mood became.
8
．
One of the _______________
(bad) gift choices I ever made was for my high school English teacher
，
Ms Chen.
9
．
The new group of students is
better-behaved
than the other group who stayed here _______________
(early)
．
10
．
Of the two boys
，
Jim is the _______________
(young) one
，
and he is also the one who loves to be noisy.
greater
worse
worst
earlier
younger
Ⅰ
.
单句语法填空
11
．
At that time I knew it had to be a significant day to them
. Nothing
could be _______________
(good) if someone offered to help them.
12
．
When you go out
，
far away from your _______________
(day) life
，
you will have a lot of exciting memories.
13
．
As we know
，
the greater difficulty we meet on our way to success
，
the _______________
(likely) we will be able to achieve our goals.
14
．
I think watching TV every evening is a waste of time—there are _______________
(meaningful) things to do.
15
．
The treatment she provided gave my parents _______________
(value) time to take me to the hospital.
better
daily
more likely
more meaningful
valuable
Ⅰ
.
单句语法填空
16
．
Chopsticks originated in China
，
but they are _______________
(wide) used in many Asian countries.
17
．
I was seriously ill that day
，
but _______________
(
fortunate), Dad wasn't at home.
18
．
But he said they also had more sugar and salt
，
so they tasted much _______________
(good)
．
19
．
Keeping a diary in English is one of the _______________
(effective) ways to improve our English writing ability.
20
．
Shortly after that birthday
，
however
，
life gave her the _______________
(tough) challenge of all as age and illness started to take her mind from her too.
widely
unfortunately
better
most effective
toughest
Ⅱ
.
单句
改错
1
．
It was a relief and I came to a suddenly stop just in the middle of the road.(2017·
全国卷
Ⅰ
)
2
．
I enjoyed studying different kinds of cars and planes
，
playing pop music
，
and collecting the late music albums.(2017·
全国卷
Ⅲ
)
3
．
A few minutes
late
，
the
instructor asked me to stop the car
. (
2017·
全国卷
Ⅰ
)
4
．
The teenage years from 13 to 19 were the most difficult time for
me. They
were also the best and worse years in my life.(2016·
全国卷
Ⅲ
)
sudden
latest
later
worst
Ⅱ
.
单句
改错
5
．
At one
time
，
I
even felt my parents couldn't understand me so I hoped I could be freely from them.(2016·
全国卷
Ⅲ
)
6
．
He hopes that his business will grow steady.(2016·
全国卷
Ⅰ
)
7
．
I found the test difficult
，
but I tried hardly to do it
.
8
．
Don't panic or get out of line
，
and try to remain quiet and calmly
.
9
．
That is too much for us
，
considering how closely the houses are
.
10
．
Interesting
，
it had a connection with/to the British porcelain (
瓷器
) industry
.
free
steadily
hard
calm
close
Interestingly
Ⅲ
.
翻译
句子
1
．他集的邮票是我的三倍
。
2
．
在随后的三年里，我们的学校生活将会是具有挑战性的
。
3
．
现在这个城市的人口是十年前的十倍
。
4
．在网上搜寻信息要比在图书馆里方便
。
His collection of stamps is three times what I have
.
In the coming three years
，
our school life will be challenging
.
Now
，
the population of the city is ten times as large as it was ten years ago
.
Seeking information on the Internet is more convenient than searching in a library
.
Ⅲ
.
翻译
句子
5
．病人越早接受治疗，康复的可能性就越大。
6
．
唱歌可以使人放松，帮助减轻压力。
The earlier the treatment is given
，
the better the patient's chances
.
Singing songs is relaxing
，
which can help reduce stress
.
Ⅳ
.
语法
填空
Face
changing is used 1.________ (express) the changing emotions of characters in Sichuan Opera.
China
has an abundance of 1
，
300 local operas
. Sichuan
Opera is one of the 2.________ (old) local operas and is the most important and most interesting opera form from Southwestern China.
The
opera is characterized by its 3.________ (fun) comedians and unique skills
：
face changing
，
spitting fire and rolling light.
Face
changing is an important intangible cultural heritage (
非物质文化遗产
) in China
. So
far
，
only a few masters 4.________ (grasp) this skill
. They
know 5.________ to change Sichuan Opera masks in a flash
. As
they wave their arms and twist their heads
，
their painted masks change again and again.
to express
oldest
funny
have grasped
how
Ⅳ
.
语法
填空
Face
changing got its start 300 years ago
. In
6.________ beginning
，
opera masters changed the color of their face during performances by 7.________ (blow) into a bowl of red
，
black or gold powder
. The
powder would stick to their oiled skin 8.________ (quick)
．
By
the 1920's
，
opera masters began using layers of masks 9.________ (make) of oiled paper
. The
masters could peel one after another almost immediately
. At
present the masters use painted silk masks
，
10.________ can be worn in layers
，
as many as two dozen
，
and be pulled off one by one.
the
blowing
quickly
made
which
Ⅴ
.
短文
改错
There
are not enough seats in our school's reading room
. One
morning just before our finally examination
，
I got there very early to occupying a seat
. I
put a book on one desk and then went to have breakfast
. While
I hurried back
，
I found someone was sitting on the seat which I had occupied in the advance
. I
run to him immediately and shouted at him
，“
Going away
！
It's my seat
！”
Everyone in the reading room raised their eyes and stared at me on an unfriendly way
. I
felt very shameful
. So
I rushed out of the reading room with my book
. I
will never forget those “eye”
．
I learned a hard lesson that day—I should respect and polite to other people.
final
be
occupy
When
ran
Go
in
ashamed
eyes