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2018
届二轮复习
冠词
考点归纳
考点一 基本用法
1.
定冠词的基本用法
用于特指一定的人、事物或上下文提到的
人、事物。如：
I woke up with a bad headache, yet by the
evening the pain had gone. (
辽宁
2012)
(2)
用在表示世界上独一无二的事物前。如：
①
The moon turns round the earth.
② Drivers always sit on the left of buses.
(3)
用在单数名词前，表示某一类别或某项发
明。如：
The tiger is a dangerous animal.
(4)
用在由普通名词构成的专有名词前以及表示
江、河、湖、海、山川、群岛等的名词前。
如：
We are said to be living in the Information
Age, a time of new discoveries and great
changes. (
四川
2012)
(5)
用在序数词前、形容词最高级前或用于特
指“两者中较
……
的一个”。如：
As is known to all, the People’s Republic of
China is the biggest developing country in the
world. (
陕西
2011)
(6)
用在方位名词前、某些习惯用语或表示时间
的词组中：
on the left, in the east / west, on
the other hand, in the end, the other day
等。
(7)
用在形容词前表示一类人或事物。如：
the
poor / rich / young / dying / good / unknown
等。
(8)
用在姓氏复数形式前，表示全家人或夫妇
二人。如：
The Smiths are sitting at the table.
(9)
用在表示度量单位的名词前，表示“每一”。
如：
—
It’s said John will be in a job paying over
$60,000 a year.
—
Right, he will also get paid by the week. (
江
西
2011)
口诀记忆
the
的用法
特指熟悉与复述，独一无二全用
the
。
方位乐器名词前，序数形最乐位惯。
复数姓氏与专有，习惯用语最后添。
2.
不定冠词的基本用法
(1)
用在可数名词前表示“一个”，含义上相当于
“
one”
。如：
The development of industry has been a
gradual process throughout human existence,
from stone tools to modern technology. (
浙江
2012)
(2)
与单数可数名词连用，表示某一类人或事物；亦可
泛指某一类人或事物中的“任何一个”。如：
It is generally accepted that a boy must learn to
stand up and fight like a man. (2011
新课标全国卷
)
(3)
用在抽象名词或物质名词前，表示“一种，一
次，一类”等意义。如：
He had a strong dislike for cold weather.
(4)
用在序数词前，表示“再一，又一”。如：
He missed the gold in the high jump, but will
get a second chance in the long jump.
(2012
大纲全国卷
II)
(5)
用在专有名词前，相当于“一位，一个，某位，某
个”或“
……
式的人”。如：
Experts think that the recently discovered
painting may be a Picasso. (
浙江
2011)
(6)
用在某些固定词组中：
all of a sudden, as a
matter of fact, go out for a walk, have a good
time, make a difference, make a living, have
an idea of, have a good knowledge of
等。如：
I don’t understand what the engineer means,
but I’ve got a rough idea of the project plan.
(
浙江
2009)
(7)
用在季节、月份、星期或节日的名词前，表
示某个特定的季节、月份、日子或节日。如：
The accident happened on a rainy Sunday
towards the end of July.
3.
零冠词的用法（不用冠词的情况）
(1)
复数名词表泛指时，其前不加冠词。如：
The Smiths don’t usually like staying at hotels,
but last summer they spent a few days at a very
nice hotel by the sea. (
江西
2012)
(2)
可数名词前有物主代词、指示代词、不定代词、名
词所有格时，其前不用冠词。如：
Jack’s English book is lying on his desk.
(3)
专有名词、物质名词、抽象名词和表示人名、地名
等的名词前，通常不用冠词。如：
Sarah looked at the finished painting with
satisfaction. (2012
新课标全国卷
)
(4)
表示季节、月份、星期、节日、一日三餐的名词
前，以及表示体育运动项目、学科、运输或通讯方
式等的名词前，通常不用冠词。如：
We’re going to watch a match on Sunday.
(5)
表示职务、头衔的名词作表语、同位语、补足语等
时，其前不用冠词。如：
Sam has been appointed manager of the engineering
department to take place of George. (
重庆
2012)
(6)
在某些固定搭配中
,
如：
at dawn, on second thoughts,
come to light, come to power, give birth to, out of
control, in public, ahead of time, in debt, hand in
hand, in place of, do harm to
等。
无冠词
有冠词
on office
执政
in the office
在办公室
in prison
坐牢
in the/a prison
在监狱
go to church
去做礼拜
go to the church
去教堂
go to sea
当水手
go to the sea
去海边
in charge of
负责，管理
in the charge of
由
……
负责
out of question
不成问题
out of the question
不可能
4.
有无冠词意义迥异的短语
考点二 习语、固定短语中的冠词
1.
不定冠词用于短语搭配中
(1) “have/take
＋
a(n
)
＋与动词同形的名词”，
表示动作的一次。
have/take a rest
休息一会儿
have/take a look
看一下
have/take a bath
洗个澡
(2) “go out for a(n
)
＋名词”，表示从事某项活动。
go out for an outing
去郊游
go out for a picnic
去野餐
(3)
习惯搭配中
as a matter of fact; in a hurry; in a word; a
waste of; in a way; come to an end; all of a
sudden; have a(n
)...knowledge of; have
a(n
)...understanding/grasp /feeling off
2.
定冠词用于固定搭配中：
in the morning; on the other hand; on the
contrary; on the air; in the end; come to the point;
the ABC of...
3.
在一些固定短语中，名词前不用冠词。
at night; at home; day after day; by telephone; in
danger; on purpose; out of control; under
＋
n
.;
be home to
真题再现
1. The “Chinese Dream” is _____ dream to
improve people’s well-being and _____ dream of
harmony, peace and development. (
福建
2013)
A. the; a B. a; a
C. a; the D. the; the
解析
:
B
。题中两个
dream
都表泛指，意为“一
个
……
的梦想”，故前面都用不定冠词
a
。
2. Marco Polo is said to have sailed on _____ Pacific
Ocean on his way to Java in _____ thirteenth
century.
（陕西
2013
）
A. the; a B. a;
不填
C.
不填
; the D. the; the
解析：
D
。
Pacific Ocean
是专有名词，故第一空用
the
；表示“第
……
”
时，序数词前用
the
。
3. Four and _____ half hours of discussion took us up to
midnight, and _____ break for cheese, chocolate and
tea with sugar. (2013
新课标全国卷
II)
A. a; a B. the; the
C.
不填；
the D. a;
不填
解析：
A
。
half
可用在“基数词
+ and + a half +
可数名
词复数”结构中，故第一空用
a
；
break
此处表
泛指，其前用
a
。
4. Animals are obviously _____ lower form of life
than _____ man. (
江西
2013)
A. a;
不填
B. the; the
C. a; the D.
不填
;
不填
解析：
A
。
_____ lower form of life
指“一
种低级的生命形式”，故用
a
表示泛指；
man
作“人类”讲，其前不用冠词。
5. People develop _____ preference for a
particular style of learning at _____ early
age and these preferences affect
learning. (
浙江
2013)
A. a; an B. a;
不填
C.
不填；
the D. the; an
解析：
A
。
a preference for ...
意为“偏
爱
……
”
，故第一空用
a
；
at an early age
意为“在小时候”，是固定表达，故第二
空用
an
。
巩固练习
1. As _____ matter of fact, I don’t know who
invented _____ steam engine either.
A. a;
不填
B. a; the
C. the;
不填
D. the; the
B
2.
—
Do you know whether it is _____ Picasso?
—
No. You can ask Mr. Smith for help. He
has _____ wide knowledge of painting.
A. a;
不填
B. the; a
C. a; a D. the;
不填
C
3. What _____ pity that you can’t go to
_____ theatre with us tonight.
A. a; the B. a;
不填
C.
不填
; the D.
不填
;
不填
A
4. You really ought to make _____ most of
the opportunity, because you won’t get
_____ second chance.
A.
不填
; the B.
不填
; a
C. the; the D. the; a
D
5. The accident happened on _____ Saturday
of last month because all of my children
didn’t go to _____ school.
A.
不填
;
不填
B.
不填
; the
C. a; the D. a;
不填
D
6. “_____ Mr. Green phoned and left
_____ message that he was going to
be late,” said Alice to her boss.
A. The;
不填
B. A;
不填
C. A; a D. The; a
C
7. There still has been _____ increasing number
of cases of the disease and _____ number of
patients are dying from it.
A.
不填
; the B. an; the
C.
不填
; a D. an; a
D
8. Jack will come to New York by _____ air
tomorrow, where he is invited to play _____
part of Juliet in the new film.
A. the; a B. the; the
C.
不填
; a D.
不填
; the
D
9. If that is not _____ case, it’s _____ waste
of time trying to get her to change her mind.
A. the; a B. a; a
C. the;
不填
D. a;
不填
A
10. After Obama
was chosen as _____ President
of the United States, his first speech made
_____ strong impression on me.
A. the;
不填
B.
不填
; a
C. the; a D.
不填
;
不填
B