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2018届语法二轮复习 情态动词
要点回顾
一、can, could与be able to的用法
①I’m going to Europe on vacation together with John if I can find the money.(现在的能力)(2012·全国卷Ⅱ)
如果我现在能弄到足够的钱,我将和约翰一起去欧洲度假。
②If you have a good sleep, you will be able to work out this problem.(将来的能力)
如果你好好睡一觉,你将能够解出这道题。
③The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone was able to get out.(过去有能力做并且成功地做了某事)
尽管这场大火迅速蔓延到了整个宾馆,但是每个人都逃了出去。
④I could have worked out the problem, but I was too nervous.(本来有能力做但未做)
我本来可以解决这个问题,但我太紧张了。
⑤How could you do such a silly thing?
你怎么能做那样的蠢事呢?
⑥—This dish is really delicious. Could you please say it in Chinese?
—Sure, we call it “doufu”.
——这道菜真的很好吃,你能不能用汉语说出菜名是什么?
——当然可以,我们称之为“豆腐”。
1.表示现在的能力:can, am/is/are able to。
2.表示将来的能力:will be able to。
3.表示过去的能力:could表示过去的能力,不表示是否成功地做了;was/were able to表示过去有能力做而且成功地做了。
4.can/could表示惊讶,常用在否定句和疑问句中。
5.can/could表示礼貌地请求别人做某事,意为“能,可以”。
二、may与might的用法
①—May I take this book out of the reading room?
—No, you mustn’t. You read it in here.(2010·陕西高考)
——我可以把书拿出阅览室吗?
——不,决不可以,你在这儿读。
②As far as I know, he might be very busy now.
据我所知,他现在可能很忙。
③If you think the price of beef is too high, you might as well buy some pork. It depends on you.
如果你认为牛肉太贵的话,你不妨买些猪肉。你自己决定。
1.表示请求、允许时,might比may的语气更委婉一些,否定回答时要用mustn’t,表示“不可以”“禁止”“阻止”之意。
2.may/might还可以表示推测,意为“可能”。
3.“may/might as well+动词原形”意为“最好,倒不如”。
三、must的用法
①You mustn’t park here! It’s an emergency exit.(2010·重庆高考)
你不可以在这儿停车!这是紧急情况出口处。
②—Shall I inform him of the change of the schedule right now?
—I am afraid you must, in case he comes late for the meeting.(2011·福建高考)
——我现在通知他日程表的变动吗?
——恐怕你必须通知他,以免他开会迟到。
③If you must go, at least wait until the storm is over.(2011·辽宁高考)
如果你非要走的话,至少等到暴风雨结束。
1.must用于否定句,表示“禁止”,表示说话者的命令或指令,语气比较强烈。
2.must表示必要性,意为“必须”。
3.must表示偏执,固执,意为“非得,偏要”。
四、need与dare的用法
①As far as I’m concerned, you needn’t worry about us now.
就我个人而言,你现在没有必要担心我们。
②You need to practise reading aloud every day.
你有必要每天都大声朗读。
③How dare you say I’m unfair.
你竟敢说我不公平。
④He daren’t/doesn’t dare (to) speak English before such a crowd.
在这么多人面前他不敢说英语。
1.need作情态动词时,主要用于否定句和疑问句中。
2.dare作情态动词时,主要用于疑问句、否定句和条件从句中,一般不用在肯定句中。
[点津] dare和need用作实义动词时,有时态、人称和数的变化,在肯定句中,dare后面通常接带to的不定式,在否定和疑问句中,dare后面可接带to或不带to的不定式。
五、will与would的用法
①Would you pass me the book?
你递给我书,好吗?
②—Why didn’t you come to Simon’s party last night?
—I wanted to, but my mom simply would not let me out so late at night.(2011·重庆高考)
——你昨晚为什么没有参加Simon的聚会?
——我想去,但是妈妈不愿意让我自己在这么晚的时间出去。
③I have told him again and again to stop smoking, but he will not listen.
我已再三告诉他戒烟,但是他就是不听。
④Every morning he will have a walk along this river.
每天早晨,他总是沿着小河散步。
⑤When we worked in the same firm several years ago, we would often go to the cinema together.
当几年前我们在同一家公司工作时,我们常常一起去看电影。
1.表示请求、建议等,would比will委婉客气。
2.will和would表示意志、愿望和决心。
3.will可以表示一种习惯性的动作,有“总是”或“总要”之意。
4.would可以表示过去的习惯性动作,比used to正式,但没有“现已无此习惯”的含义。
六、shall, should与ought to的用法
①—What time shall I pick you up at your house tomorrow, sir?
—I haven’t decided on the time. But I will call you.
——先生,我明天什么时候到你家接你呢?
——我还没有决定时间,但是我会给你打电话的。
②—Will you read me a story, Mummy?
—OK. You shall have one if you go to bed as soon as possible.(2011·陕西高考)
——妈妈,给我讲个故事好吗?
——好的,如果你尽快上床睡觉我就给你讲一个。
③What do you mean, there are only ten tickets?There should be twelve.
你说的是什么意思?只有10张票吗?本来应该有12张票的。
④With all his money, he should worry about a little thing like 5 cents!(2014·东北三省四市调研)
有那么多钱,他竟然为像5分钱一样的小事而烦恼!
⑤You ought not to be late for such an important meeting.
这么重要的会议你不应该迟到的。
1.shall用于第一、第三人称疑问句中,表示说话人征求对方的意见和向对方请示。
2.shall用于第二、第三人称陈述句中,表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁。
3.should表示义务、职责等,意为“应该”。
4.Why/How+should结构表示说话人对某事不能理解,感到意外、惊异等意思,意为“竟会”。
5.ought to表示应该。
七、情态动词表推测的用法
①It is usually warm in my hometown in March, but it can be rather cold sometimes.
我的家乡在三月份通常很暖和,但有时候也会相当冷。
②Mr Bush is on time for everything. How can it be that he was late for the meeting?
布什先生做什么事情都很准时,他怎么可能开会迟到呢?
③It can’t be the postman at the door. It’s only six
o’clock.(2011·江西高考)
门口不可能是邮递员,(现在)才六点钟。
④—You needn’t take an umbrella. It isn’t going to rain.
—Well, I don’t know. It might do.(2013·北京高考)
——你不需要带伞,不会下雨的。
——哦,我不知道,或许会下雨。
⑤—It’s the office! So you must know eating is not allowed here.
—Oh, sorry.
——这是办公室!所以你一定知道这里不许吃东西。
——噢,对不起。
⑥There shouldn’t be any difficulty about passing the road test since you have practiced a lot in the driving school.
因为你在驾校训练了那么多,通过路考应该没什么困难。
1.can用于肯定句中表示客观的可能性,意为“有时会”;用于疑问句中可以表示推测,意为“可能”,有时表示一种惊讶的语气;用于否定句中也可以表示推测,can’t意为“不可能”,语气很强烈。
2.may/might用于肯定句中可以用来表示不十分肯定的推测,意为“有可能”;用于否定句中也可以表示推测,may not意为“可能不”,表示一种不太确定的语气。
3.must表示推测时只能用于肯定句中,意为“一定,必定”,表示十分肯定的语气(在疑问句中或否定句中要用can/could)。
4.should用来表示推测时意为“应该”,即含有“按道理来说应当如此”的意思。
八、“情态动词+have done”的用法
①I couldn’t have enjoyed myself more — it was a perfect day.(2013·浙江高考)
我过得非常开心(我不可能过得更愉快了)——这真是完美的一天。
②We could have faced the difficulty together, but why didn’t you tell me?(2012·北京高考)
我们本可以共同面对困难,可你为什么不告诉我呢?
③Harry is feeling uncomfortable. He must have drunk too much at the party last night.(2013·辽宁高考)
哈里感觉很不舒服,他在昨晚的聚会上一定是喝多了。
④Sorry, I’m late. I might have turned off the alarm clock and gone back to sleep again.
对不起,我迟到了。我可能把闹钟关掉后又睡着了。
情态动词+have done
用法
must have done
一定做过某事,其否定形式为can’t/couldn’t have done
can/could have done
1.本来能够做但却未做
2.可能做过某事
can’t/couldn’t have done
不可能做过某事
may/might have done
或许/可能做过某事
should/ought to have done
本该做但却未做,其否定形式表示本不该做但却做了
needn’t have done
做了本没有必要做的事情
要点搜索
考点一情态动词表推测的用法
1.(湖北高考)He looks sleepy.He must have_stayed_up last night, writing the essay.(stay)
他看起来犯困。昨晚他肯定熬夜写论文了。
2.(2014·孝感调研)—Why are your eyes so red? You can't/couldn't_have_slept well last night.
—Yeah, I stayed up late watching a football match.(sleep)
——你的眼睛为什么这么红?昨晚你不可能睡好觉。
——是的,我熬夜看足球比赛了。
考点二情态动词的非推测性用法
3.(湖北高考)He believes that children should_be_allowed_to_learn at their own pace.
(allow)
他认为应该允许孩子们按他们自己的节奏来学习。
4.(2014·湖北八校二联)Tom thought that anybody who stole his phone wouldn't/couldn't_be
_so_foolish as to use it right in front of him.(foolish)
汤姆觉得不管是谁偷了他的手机都不会愚蠢到在他面前使用它。
考点三“情态动词+have done”的用法
5.(2014·襄阳调研)We need not_have_bought so much food now that Suzie won't be with us for dinner.(buy)
我们本来不必买这么多食物的,因为Suzie不与我们一起吃饭。
6.(2014·荆州调研)They should have_arrived at lunchtime but their flight was delayed.(arrive)
他们本应该在午饭时间到达,但是他们的航班推迟了。
综合检测
1.(2014·武昌区调研)I believe he must_have_mourned this unexpected end to his expedition, but he did not waste time on regrets.(mourn)
我相信他肯定对这次探险意想不到的结局感到痛心,但他并没有把时间浪费在悔恨中。
2.It was a difficult game, but actually we could_have_scored two or three goals in the second half.(score)
那是一场艰难的比赛,但实际上我们本可以在下半场进2到3个球的。
3.When the young athlete took part in the competition, he couldn't_have_thought that he would become an Olympic champion.(think)
当这名年轻运动员参加比赛时,他不可能想到他会成为一名奥运会冠军。
4.Why are you watching TV at this moment? You should_be_doing your homework.(do)
你现在为什么在看电视啊?你应该在做作业。
5.It's raining so hard now.I should have_carried_an_umbrella with me when I left home this morning.(carry)
现在雨下得很大。我今天上午离开家时应该随身带把伞的。
6.He has known about it.You must have_rung_him_up last night and told him.(ring)
他已经知道了这件事情。昨晚你肯定给他打了电话并告诉了他。
7.Most ancient religions held the belief that_spirit_could_be_passed_on from one body to the other.(pass)
多数古老宗教相信灵魂可以从一个人传给另外一个人。
8.Thanks, mum.But you actually need_not_have_sorted_out/didn't_need_to_have_sorted_
out my papers.Please let me manage it myself next time.(sort)
谢谢,妈妈。但你不必替我整理试卷。下次请让我自己来。
9.Tony is not doing his homework in his study.He must_be_watching_TV in the living room now.(watch)
托尼没有在他的书房里写作业。他现在肯定在客厅里看电视呢。
10.It is only by going on adventure that_people_can_succeed_in knowing themselves.
(succeed)
只有经历冒险,人们才能成功认识自我。