2020届二轮复习动词时态和语态课件（34张） 34页

2020 届二轮复习 动词时态和语态 知识图谱 动词 02 Part Two 谓语动词 谓语 = 助动词 + 实义动词 What are you doing ? I am eating delicious food. I do love big hamburgers. She doesn't eat anything. She will be slim. 谓语动词 1. 系动词 谓语动词 1 . 系动词 This is a big table. You look pale. The food smells good. The music sounds beautiful. I feel hot. It tastes delicious. We should stay healthy. Everyone keeps quiet in the library. He remains silent. Her face turns red . It gets cold after a heavy rain. The milk goes bad. 谓语动词 2. 及物动词 3. 不及物动词 主语 谓语 ？ We have a big family dinner. Mom makes a cake. Dad buys some fruits. I want a cup of milk. My sister eats noodles. We work hard We go to school. 谓语动词 谓语动词 助动词 1. 体现时间和单复数； 2. 否定句：否定词 not 都紧跟在它后面； 3. 疑问句：它都冲在最前面 be do have will 情态 现在 am,is,are do,does have,has / can,may,must shall 过去 was,were did had would would,could,might 将来 / / / will / 用法 be+ 现在分词 构成进行时态 do+ 动词原形 构成一般现在时和过去时的否定、疑问和回答。 have+ 过去分词 构成现在完成时态 will+ 动词原型 构成一般将来时 情态 + 动词原型 构成各种时态，表示语气情绪态度。 be+ 过去分词 构成被动语态 do+ 动词原形表强调 had+ 过去分词构成过去完成时态 时态 时态总览 过去 现在 将来 过去到现在：现在完成时 have/has done 过去の过去：过去完成时 had done before by since already for was/were doing am/is/are doing 时态的构成 情况 规则 例词 一般情况 pack --- packed want --- wanted 以辅音字母加 y 结尾的动词 carry -- carried worry -- worried 以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词 plan -- planned stop -- stopped 以不发音的 e 结尾的动词 like -- liked provide -- provided 元音字母加 y 结尾的动词 play--played 一般现在时 用法 标志词 例句 经常性、习惯性 often ， usually ， every day   He goes to school every day. 计划、规定 begin ， come ， leave ， go ， arrive ， start ， stop ， return ， open ， close The train starts at nine in the morning. 状态、感觉 be ， like ， hate ， think ， remember ， find ， sound T his idea sounds great.   时间状语从句，主将从现   If, until, come , arrive, go If two people are meant to be together ， eventually they'll find their way back.   事实真理 / 客观陈述 It is a truth universally acknowledged that a single man in possession of a good fortune must be in want of a wife. 一般过去时 He was here just now . What did you do yesterday ? We often played together when we were children. He used to smoke a lot, but he doesn’t know. Whenever we were in trouble, he would help us. At that time , she was very good at English. 一般将来时的用法 (1)“be going to＋动词原形” It is going to rain. (2)go，come，start，move，sail，leave 进行时表将来 计划 即将发生 I'm coming. (3)“be to＋动词原形” 按计划要发生的事/征求对方意见。 Are we to go on with this work？ (4)“be about to＋动词原形”表示即将发生的动作，但不与明确的时间状语连用。 The plane is about to leave. (5)某些词，如come，go，leave，arrive，start 一般现在时可表示将来。 The meeting starts at five o'clock. 三个一般表发生 often, usually, everyday…… 计划、感觉 、主观陈述、日常事实陈述、主将从现 明确过去时间、 used to be going to/ be about to/ be to + V. 原 现在进行表将来 / 一般现在表将来 I imagine there are some seniors out there who are feeling pretty good right now with just one more year to go. I'm leaving for Beijing tomorrow . He is always helping others. The bridge is under construction . 用进行时表示渐变过程 His health is improving each day. 现在进行时 过去进行时 进行表持续 过去进行时 I was having supper at 7:00 yesterday evening. We were talking about you the whole morning. He told me that he was going soon. 特殊用法 表示故事发生的背景 It was snowing as the medical team made its way to the front. 与 always, constantly 等词连用，表示感情色彩 The girl was always changing her mind. 将来进行时 a. 表示在将来某一时间正在进行的动作 I'll be taking my holiday soon. b. 在口语中代替 will/shall do I hope you will be coming on time. 特殊用法 a. 表示原因、结果或猜测 Please come tomorrow afternoon. Tomorrow morning I'll be having a meeting. Stop the child or he will be falling over. You will be making a mistake. b. 用在问句中，表示委婉礼貌 Will you be reading anything else 现在完成时 ①与现在完成时“已完成”用法连用的时间状语 a. 不确定的过去时间状语： already, yet, before, recently, lately… I've seen the film before. b. 频度时间状语： ever, never We have never heard of that. c. 包含现在时间在内的时间状语： Just I have just finished the letter now. 现在完成时 already v.s yet 已经 已经，还，仍然 She has already cleaned the bedroom. She hasn’t cleaned the bedroom yet. Has she cleaned the bedroom yet? a. since + 具体时间，表示动作或状态从何时开始 Since then, he has developed another bad habit. b. for + 一段时间，表示动作或状态持续了多久 We have worked here for ages. c. until now, up till now, so far, up to the moment I have not seen him so far. d. in/during the past/last five years He has been away from school during the last few weeks. e. all the while, all day She has been busy all day. ② 与现在完成时“未完成”用法连用的时间状语 ①“已完成”用法 过去的过去，已经完成，无可追悔； 句中常用 by 引导的时间状语或以 before, until, when, than 等词引导的内含一般过去时的时间状语从句。 By 5:00 yesterday morning we had done that work. 在包含 before 和 after 的复合句中，因为从句动作和主句动作发生的先后顺序已经非常明确，可以用一般过去时代替过去完成时。 The train (had) started before I reached the station. After he (had) arrived in England, Marx worked hard to improve his English. ②“ 未完成”用法 表示一个动作或状态在过去某一时刻之前就已开始，一直持续到这一过去时间，还可能再持续下去。 Up to that time all had gone well. 过去完成时 1. 构成 “ have/has been + 现在分词” 2. 用法①表示动作从过去某时开始，一直延续到现在    all this time, this week, this month, all night, all the morning, recently since 和 for 引导的状语连用。   I have been reading Hemingway's Farewell to Arms recently. ② 表示动作刚刚结束   My clothes are all wet. I've been working in the rain. ③ 表示一个近期内时断时续、重复发生的动作   You've been saying that for five years.  ④ 表达较重的感情色彩   What have you been doing to my dictionary  现在完成进行时 1. 构成“ had been + 现在分词” She had been suffering from a bad cold when she took the exam.2. 用法①表示过去某一时间之前一直进行的动作    I had been looking for it for days before I found it. ② 表示反复的动作   He had been mentioning your name to me. ③ 过去完成进行时还常用于间接引语中  The doctor asked what he had been eating.  ④ 过去完成进行时之后也可接具有“突然”之意的 when 分句   I had only been reading a few minutes when he came in. 过去完成进行时 When I was a child, I hoped to live in the city. I thought I would be happy there. Now I am living in a city, but I miss my home in the countryside. There the air is clean and the mountains are green. Unfortunately, with the development of industrialization, the environment has been polluted. Lots of studies have shown that global warming has already become a very serious problem. The air we breathe in is getting dirtier and dirtier. Many rare animals are dying out. We must find ways to protect our environment. If we fail to do so, we’ll live to regret it. Have a try 被动语态 三个可爱的宝宝 被烧 死了。 The three cute kids were burnt to die. 被动语态 警察抓了保姆。 The police caught the baby sitter. 保姆被警察抓了。 The baby sitter was caught by the police. She is cursed by all the people. 被动语态 主谓一致 主谓一致 语法一致 意义一致 就近一致 主语为三单，谓语用三单 主语为复数，谓语用复数 取决于主语的意义，而不是形式 谓语的人称和数与邻近的名词 / 代词保持一致 无人称和数的变化 有词义， 后加动词原形 说话人对 某一动作和状态 的态度 助动词：助攻，帮助构成谓语 否定：情 V+not 情态动词 虚拟语气 If 型 Should +v 型 类似 if 型 时态退一步 混杂条件句 ( 各自为准 ) Were, had ,should 提前，省略 if 1. 一个坚持，两个命令， 三个建议，四个要求。 2. It is （ necessary ， strange… ） +that… wish/as if Would rather/ if only It is (high) time that… But for/otherwise/ without/in that case 1. 过去式 2. 过去完成 3.could 、 would 、 might +v 1. 过去式 2. 过去完成 Should （不省） +v/ 过去式 1.Would,could,should,might+v 2.would,could,should,might +have done insist suggest 虚拟语气 非真实条件句 高考常考点：情态动词 +have done 情态动词 + 完成式 意义 例句 must have done 想必 / 准是 / 一定做了某事，否定式为 can't/couldn't have done It must have rained last night,for the road was quite muddy. The lights were out.They must have been asleep. can/could have done 1. 本来能够 2. 过去可能会 You could have come 5 minutes earlier. Can he have gone to his aunt's? can/could not have done 1. 过去不可能 2. 过去没能 I saw Mr Wang just now. He couldn't have gone to Beijing. may/might have done 也许 / 或许已经 一般只用于肯定句和否定句中（在否定句中表示 可能不 ），不用于疑问句。 用 might 则表示语气更加不肯定。 It'too late.I think he may have gone to bed. He may not have finished the work. She might have caught a cold. should/ought to have done 本该做某事而实际上未做 You should have come to the meeting earlier. You ought to have done this exercise more carefully. shouldn't/ought not to have done 本不该做而做了某事 You shouldn't have told her the truth. needn't have done 表示 做了本来不必去做的事 。 注意： didn't need to do 表示 没必要做而实际上也没有做某事 You needn't have taken a taxi here, for it was very near to my house. I didn’t need to clean the windows.My brother did it. had better have done 用于事后的建议，含轻微责备的口气，意为 要是当时做了某事就好了 ，其否定式 had better not have done 表达相反的含义 You had better have started earlier. You had better not have scolded her. would rather have done 表示 宁愿当时做某事 其否定式 would rather not have done 表达相反的含义，两者都表示 后悔 之意。 I would rather have taken his advice. I raised objections at the meeting, but now I would rather not have done that. would like /love to have done 表示过去愿意做某事，但未做成 I would love to have gone to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report.