2019届二轮复习短文改错名词的数与格的误用课件（32张） 32页

名词 的 数 与 格 的 误用 2019 届二轮复习短文改错 真题再练 1. (2017 全国 Ⅰ 卷 ) The instructor kept repeating the word, “Speed up!” “Slow down!” “Turn left!” 根据句意“教练不停地重复着那些话”可知这里该用复数形式，所以把 word 改成 words 。后面“ Speed up ！”“ Slow down”… 也是提示。 words 2. (2017 全国 Ⅱ 卷 ) Besides, they often get some useful informations from the Internet. 因 information 为不可数名词。 information 3. (2016 全国 Ⅱ 卷 ) If we go on a trip abroad, we can broaden our view and gain knowledges we cannot get from books. 因表示“知识，见闻”的 knowledge 为不可数名词，没有复数形式，故将其改为单数形式。 knowledge 4. (2016 全国 Ⅲ 卷 ) The teenage year from 13 to 19 were the most difficult time for me. 表示 “从 13 到 19 岁”这几年， year 为可数名词，故应用复数形式。此外，谓语动词 were 也提醒我们主语是复数。 years 5.(2015 全国 I 卷 ) The airs we breathe in is getting dirtier and dirtier. 因表示我们呼吸的“空气”， air 是不可数名词，没有复数形式。谓语动词 is 也是提示。 air 6.(2015 全国 II 卷 ) One day, little Tony went to a shopping center with his parent. It was very crowded. …he turned around and found that his parents were missing. 由下文的 his parents were missing 可知 parent 要用复数。 parents 7.(2014 全国 I 卷 ) Since then—for all these year —we have been allowing tomatoes to self-seed where they please. 因 these 后应接可数名词复数。 years 8.(2014 全国 II 卷 ) For example, we can do reading for one and a half hour and play sports for one hour every day. 可数名词只要数量大于一就要用复数，“一个半小时”大于“一小时”，故第一个 hour 用复数。 hours 9.(2013 全国 I 卷 ) He was tall, with broad shoulder and a beard that turned from black to gray over the years. shoulders 根据常识，肩有左肩和右肩，因此 shoulder 通常用复数。 10.(2013 全国 II 卷 ) When tea got popular in Britain, there was a crying need for good cup with handles to suit British habits. 此处表示 “ 迫切需要符合英国人习惯的有手柄的杯子”，用可数名词复数表示这一类东西，事实上 handles 也提醒我们用复数。 cups 11.(2012 全国课标卷 ) From the time I was about four until I was about six, I destroyed each of my toy . 因 each of 后接可数名词复数。 toys 12.(2011 全国课标卷 ) It felt very strange to travel without any luggages. 因 luggage 或 baggage( 行李 ) 是不可数名词，没有复数形式。 luggage 13.(2011 全国课标卷 ) When I finally arrived at my friend he lent me lots of clothes. 指到达“我朋友的家”，而 my friend’s home 中 home 可省略。 friend’s 思路点拨 1. 依据可数名词与不可数名词的用法特点。 可数名词大于一时要用复数，不可数名词一般没有复数形式。如 air, milk, water 等物质名词与 music, advice, fun ， knowledge ， progress 等抽象名词是不可数名词，一般是没有复数形式的。还有 luggage, furniture, equipment, information 等都是容易出错的不可数名词。 解答这类题主要有 6 条依据： 2. 依据名词前的修饰语。 如名词前有 these, those, ten 等修饰时，应当用复数。如［真题再练］第 7 题， these year 就错了，要用 these years 才正确。 3. 依据主谓一致原则。 如果谓语动词是复数，主语也应是复数；如果谓语动词是单数，主语也应是单数。如［真题再练］第 5 题，谓语动词 is getting 是单数，而主语 airs 是复数，因此这里一定有问题。 4. 依据上下文信息。 如［真题再练］第 6 题 “Tony went to a shopping center with his parent” 托尼是同他的父亲或母亲，还是同他父母一起去商场？下文 “his parents were missing” 告诉我们，是同父母一起去的，故 parent 应当用复数。 5. 依据生活常识。 如［真题再练］第 9 题，一个人的肩膀是有左有右的，应当用复数。如果没有这个常识就无法正确指出 with broad shoulder 这一错误。 6. 依据逻辑意义。 如［真题再练］第 13 题，“当我最终到达朋友时”，“到达朋友”怎么讲得通呢？这里一定有问题，应当是“到达朋友的家”才通顺。 考点归纳 名词是短文改错的常考点，最近 4 年 10 套题中考了 8 次。主要考查名词的“数”，偶尔考名词的“格”，具体有 3 点： 1. 不可数名词没有复数，文中却用了复数。 如［真题再练］第 2 、 3 、 5 、 12 题。要牢记常见的不可数名词，如： fun, advice, information, work( 工作 ), homework, housework, progress, luggage, baggage, time ( 时间 ), furniture, equipment, money 等。 2. 可数名词该用复数时，文中却用了单数。 如［真题再练］第 1 、 4 、 6 、 7 、 8 、 9 、 10 、 11 题。显然，这是考查的重点。要注意可数名词前有 these, those, several, few, many, a couple of( 几个 ), a large number of, a lot of, lots of, each of, one of, 或大于 1 的数词修饰时，以及虽无这些词修饰，但根据语境其意义大于 1 时，一定要用复数形式。 3. 表示“某人的”本应用名词的所有格，文中却没用。 如［真题再练］第 13 题。注意，以下情况中，名词所有格后的名词可省略： a butcher’s (shop) 肉铺， a tailor’s (shop) 裁缝店， a barber’s (shop) 理发店， a doctor’s (office) 诊所， my sister’s (home) 我姐姐家，其中 shop, office, home 等表示处所的词都可以省略，直接用名词所有格表示。 考点练透 1. (2010 全国课标卷 )… he stopped at a box of golden ball for Christmas trees. 因是一箱金色的球，不止一个，故用复数。 balls 2. (2009 全国课标卷 ) There are two girls from my course here and I plan to make friend with them so that we can help each other with the course work. 表示“与某人交朋友”用短语 make friends with ， friend 应用复数。 friends 3. (2008 全国课标卷 ) More than 1,000 painting will be on show… 因 painting( 油画 ) 是可数名词，由 1000 可知用复数。 paintings 4. (2012 大纲卷 II) Water is important. We, as well as animal, cannot live without water… 用可数名词复数表示泛指。 animals 5. (2011 大纲卷 I) One of my unforgettable memory of my school in Xinjiang is that of lunches we brought from our homes. 因 one of… 后面的名词要用复数形式。 memories 6. (2011 大纲卷 II) My brother was so fond of the museums there that he begged my parents to stay another couple of day. days 有 a couple of 修饰，表示“几天”，故 day 用复数。 7. (2010 大纲卷 II) Christie was one of my best friend at high school. 在 one of 后必定用名词复数。 friends 8. (2009 大纲卷 II) I stayed there for one and a half hour and made sure that the girl was all right. 因 hour 是可数名词，数量大于一就要用复数，“一个半小时”大于“一小时”了，故用复数。 hours 9. (2008 大纲卷 I) I’d like to stay there for half a month, visiting place of interest and practicing my English as well. 不止一处名胜，故用复数。 places 10. (2007 大纲卷 II) It will be lots of fun practicing out in the playground in the afternoon with the tree around us all red and yellow and everybody laughing and shouting. 由后面的 all 可知，不止一棵树，故用复数。 trees THANK YOU!