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The Attributive Clause
2019
届二轮复习
定语从句
知识准备
什么是定语：
用来修饰名词或代词的词、短语、从句。
.
4.
定语
修饰和限定名词和代词的词。通常由形容词，代词
(
多为形容词性物主代词），数词，介词短语，动词不定式，分词和从句（定语从句）来担当
。
a
kind
girl,
a book
on the desk
I have homework
to finish
.
the
fallen
leaves
the boy
who is very smart
基本结构
He was holding onto
a tree
that
grew against the wall.
主句
:
He was holding onto a tree.
从句：
A tree grew against the wall.
还原
定语从句
相当于一个形容词
，跟在名词或代词后修饰该名词或代词。
1.
被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫
先行词
。
2.
引导定语从句的词叫
关系词
。
关系代词：
who, whom(
作宾语成分）
, whose, that, which
关系副词：
when
（时间）
, where
（地点）
,why
（原因）
名词
/
代词
+
定语从句
关系代词
关系副词
起连词作用，本身又作从句中的
主语、宾语、表语或定语
即起连接作用，本身又在从句中作
时间、地点或原因状语
who,whom(
…
的人）
whose(
某人的
…
）
which(
…
东西，指物
)
that(
…
的人或物，指物或人）
as(
象
…
那样的，和
…
相同，正如
)
when(
…
的时候，修饰的时间名词
)
where(
…
的地方修饰场所、方位等名词
)
why(
…
原因；
…
理由
)
关系代词和关系副词的作用：
1
、引导作用
2
、替代作用
3
、在定语从句中担当某个成分的作用
Eg: 1.Those
who
want to go
please should be ready.
2. Bill,
who
was my student
, asked me questions.
关系词
引导
定语从句，同时
指代先行词在 定语从句中充当的成分
所以先行词在定语从句中不再出现
,
也不用其他词代替
Bill is a boy who I teach him.
引导词
先行词
成分
关
系
代
词
who
人
主，宾
whom
人
宾
(
可省
)
which
物
主，宾
(
可省
)
that
人或物
主，宾
可省
whose
(=of whom/which)
人或物
定
关
系
副
词
where
(=
介词
+which)
地点词
状
when
(=
介词
+ which)
时间词
状
why (= for which)
reason
状
关系副词引导定语从句时，既引导定语从句，又在定语从句中充当状语。不能省略
.
关系副词可转化为介词
+
关系代词结构。
1
、
When
指时间，在定语从句中充当时间状语。
He told me the date
when(on which)
he joined the Party.
2
、
Where
指地点，在定语从句中充当地点状语。
This is the place
where(in which)
we lived ten years ago.
3
、
Why
指原因，在定语从句中充当原因状语。
I know the reason
why(for which)
she was so angry.
1.This is the park (
that
)we visited last year
.
This is the park
where
we held a birthday party.
2.She won’t forget the days (
that
)she spent on the island.
She won’t forget the days
when
they stayed together.
关系副词
when, where
和关系代词
that, which
的区分。
同样是修饰一个地点，有时使用
where
，有时使用
that/which
；同样是修饰一个时间，有时使用
when
， 有时使用
that/which
。这主要看两点：一：先行词在从句中所作成分；二：是定语从句中的谓语动词是否是一个及物动词。
（
1
）
This is the factory ________ I visited last year.
（
2
）
This is the factory _______ I worked last year.
（
3
）
This is the factory _______ produces all kinds of TV sets.
用关系副词和关系代词
where B. which C. whom D. whose
以上三个句子只有细微的差别，但答案却不同：做这种题时，
要通过还原先行词
,
看先行词在定语从句中所充当的成分
；
1
）中是动宾关系，即
I visited the factory
.
因此选
which
2
）中
factory
应在定语从句中作地点状语，即：
I worked in the factory
，因此选
where
。
3
）中是作定语从句中的主语，即
: the factory produces all kinds
…
不作地点状语，因此选
which
A
B
B
(
1)Hangzhou is the place ______ I went last summer.
2) He read the book ______ his sister had told him about.
3) The reason ______ Peter is so happy is that he passed the exam.
4) I remember the day ______ my father died. I was only ten years old at that time.
5) Please give me the reason ______ you were late this time.
6) I will go back to the place ______ I grew up and live there forever.
Why/ for which
where
which/that/ x
When/on which
why
Where/in which
二
.
关系代词前介词的确定
1.
根据从句中动词与先行词的逻辑关系，请体会：
This is the car ____which I bought last year.
This is the car ____which I paid 100$.
This is the car ____which I spent 100$.
This is the car ____which I go to work every day.
This is the car ______ which I can
’
t go to work.
This is the car ____which the old man was knocked down
This is the car ____which a boy threw a stone.
This is the car ____which we talked .
This is the car ____which the window was broken
/
for
on
in
without
by
at
about
of
2.
根据从句中动词或形容词的习惯搭配，如：
e.g.
Can you explain to me how to use these idioms
with which
I’m not familiar.
3.
根据先行词与介词的搭配习惯，请体会：
e.g.
1949 was the year
in which
the P.R.C. was founded.
The book __________ I heard was written 20 years ago.
The people __________ the man spoke weren’t listening.
The film __________ I fell asleep was very boring.
The pen __________ she wrote that book can now be seen in a museum.
The little creature __________ scientists are interested is known as ET.
The gun __________ he was shot was never found.
of which
to whom
in which
with which
in which
by which
三.
Whose
引起从句可转换为“
of +
关系代词”型，即
the
+ n + of +which/whom
如：
e.g.
They live in a house,
whose door
opens to the south.
They lived in a house,
of which
the door
opens to the south.
They lived in a house,
the door of
which
open to the south.
四.限制和非限制性定语从句:
restrictive attributive clause(
无逗号
) non- restrictive attributive clause(
有逗号
)
.
Xi hua who I met across in the street a few days ago has gone abroad.
Xi hua ,who I met across in the street a few days ago has gone abroad
.
五.一般说来
,
定语从句总是紧跟在先行词的后面
,
但有时候定语从句与先行词之间被其他成分分隔开来
,
这样的句子叫分隔定语从句
.
There are thousands of stars in the sky that are like our sun.
The days are gone when we suffered so much.
Carl still remembers one afternoon in his first year when the professor took the students to the chemistry lab.
六、由
as
引导的定语从句
as
可作为关系代词来引导定语从句。
such … as…“
像……一样的”，“像……之类”
the same…as…“
和……同样的
在这两个句型中，
as
是关系代词，其中
such&same
做定语，修饰主句的名词、代词，这个名词是这个定语从句的先行词，
as
在从句中担任主、宾、表。
例如：
This is the same thing as we are in need of.
Such people as you say are short now.
2. …
such as…
such
为代词，意思为”这样的人/物“，
as
修饰先行词
such
。
例如：
This book is not
such as
I hope.
3. the same…as… “
和
…
同样的
“
the same… that… “
同一个”
来引导定语从句。意思几乎相同。但从句中省去谓语时必须用
as.
例如:
She is the same age as you (that you are.)
This is the same pen that I lost yesterday.
4. …,as… “
这些”，“正如…”
as
引导非限定性定语从句，相当于
which
引导的非限定性定语从句，有时可互换。
例如：
He is from Beijing, as/which they know from the way he speaks.
一
.that
和
which
以下情况，引导词用
that
，不用
which
1.
先行词为不定代词或被不定代词所修饰
everything
，
little
，
much
，
all
，
anything
，
nothing,etc.
e.g. Finally, the thief handed everything
that
he had stolen.
2.
先行词前有形容词最高级、序数词修饰时，用
that
。
e.g. This is the best book
(that)
I’ve ever read.
3.
先行词被
the only
，
the very
，
the last
修饰时，用
that
。
e.g.He is
the only person that
I want to see now.
4.
先行词同时指人和指物时，用
that
。
e.g. We talked about
the things and persons
that
we saw then.
5.
在
who, which
引导的特殊疑问句中
,
定语从句中避免重复
,
一般也只用
that;
e.g.
Who
is the man
that
is crying?
6.
关系代词在从句中做表语，用
that.
He doesn’ seem to the man (that)he was.
7.
在
there be
结构中用
that
There is a new type of shoes that youmight be fond of
This is the house in which Luxun once lived. in that
The Changjiang River, which is the longest river in China, runs from west to east into the sea. (that
)
* 介词后面和逗号后面不用
that
二
.
以下情况常用
which
而不用
that
(3
）先行词是指物的
that,those
She found that which he looked for.
(2)
引导非限制性定语从句时
(1)
关系代词作介词宾语时
1.Anyone
who
breaks the law is punished.
2.Those
who
break the law are punished.
3.He
who
breaks the law is punished.
4.He
who
has not been to the Great Wall is not a true man.
三
在
, anyone, those, he,that,you,they
作先行词时
(
指人）
,
用”
who”
不用 “
that”.
1.
Which.as
引导非限定语从句的不同：
as
引导非限定语从句可以放在句首，句中，或主句后面；
which
引导非限定语从句放在主句后面
Eg:As is known to all,Taiwan belongs to China.
Mary was late again ,which made the teacher angry.
2.
as
引导非限定语从句有“正如”“ 正象”之义，而
which
没有,常见的结构有：
As we all know,as everybody can see, as is known to all, as is said above
…
Paper, as we all know,was first made in China.
五、注意事项
1.
what
不引导定语从句.
what=all that
I want to give you what I have.(
宾语从句）
2. 先行词被
the same
修饰时，关系代词既可用
that,
也可用
as.
但意义不同，前者表示“
同一的
”，后者表示“
同样的
”。
3. 关系副词
when/where/why
其含义相当于
on which/in which/for which
等可交替使用。如：
The day when/on which I met him first was May 1
st
.
4.
当先行词为专有名词或整个句子是世界上独一无二的名词时，一般用非限定性定语从句修饰。
例如：
The sun, which gives us light, is very big.
5.
way
后面
定语从句：
Please pronounce the word the way she does.
I admire the way in which(that) the teacher gave his lessons.
6. 含有定语从句的强调句：
Was it in the reading-room
where Kate
met you
that you read the magazine?
It was in the lab
which was in the charge
of him
that they did the experiment
定语从句与同位语从句的不同：
1.定语从句的先行词由名词和代词构成同位语从句的先行词由抽象名词构成。
Those who want to go please sign their names here.
We express the hope that they will come to visit China again.
2.定语从句修饰先行词，同位语从句说明先行词的具体内容。
I got the news
that
(which) made me angry yesterday. I got the news
that
it is likely to rain. The truth
that
the earth moves around the sun is known to all.
定语从句由关系代词关系副词来引导，同位语从句由
that,
有时也用
when ,where, whether
来引导
That’s my suggestion that the boy should study hard.
Bye-bye
Many thanks