- 3.02 MB
- 2021-04-23 发布
2019
届二轮复习第四
讲 名词性从句
01
02
名词性从句的种类
主语从句
|
宾语从句
|
表语从句
|
同位语从句
主要
引导词的用法
归纳
1. that
引导的名词性从句
|
2. whether
与
if
引导名词性从句时的
区别
|
3.
连接
代词
what
，
whatever
，
who
，
whoever
，
whom
，
whose
，
which
等引导的名词性
从句
|
4.
连接副词
when
，
where
，
why
，
how
引导的名词性
从句
I.
单句语法填空
II.
单句改错
III.
翻译句子
IV.
语法填空
V.
短文
改错
03
针对训练
在复合句中起名词作用的从句叫做名词性从句。它包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类
：
1
．连接词
：
that
，
whether
，
if (
不充当从句的任何成分
)
2
．连接代词
：
what
，
whatever
，
who
，
whoever
，
whom
，
whomever
，
whose
，
which
，
whichever
3
．连接副词
：
when
，
where
，
how
，
why
名词
性从句的
种类
1
．主语从句
在复合句中
充当主语的从句
叫主语从句。
That you didn't know the rules
won't be an excuse for your failure.
你不知道规则不能成为你失败的借口。
Whether we should help up a fallen old person or not
remains a heated topic in China.
我们是否应该帮忙扶起一个摔倒的老人在中国仍然是一个热门话题。
When the delayed flight will take off
depends much on the weather.
那架延误的班机什么时候起飞在很大程度上取决于天气。
1
．主语从句
[
名师指津
]
有时为避免句子头重脚轻，常用
it
代替主语从句作形式主语放于句首，而把主语从句置于句末。主语从句后的谓语动词一般用单数形式。常用句型如下：
(1)It
＋
be
＋名词＋
that
从句
(2)It
＋
be
＋形容词＋
that
从句
(3)It
＋
be
＋动词的过去分词＋
that
从句
(4)It
＋不及物动词＋
that
从句
It is clear that
the two countries can reach an agreement at the conference.
很显然两国能够在会议上达成协议。
It is
wellknown
that
the Chinese government has spared no effort to protect people from fake food.
众所周知，中国政府已不遗余力地保护人们免受假冒食品的毒害。
2
．宾语从句
在复合句中
作宾语的名词性从句叫宾语从句
，位于及物动词
(
短语
)
、介词或形容词之后。
We must never think
(that) we are good in everything while others are good in nothing
.
我们决不能认为自己什么都好，别人什么都不好。
Everything depends on
whether we have enough money
.
一切要看我们是否有足够的钱。
She will give
whoever needs help a warm support
.
凡需要帮助的人，她都会给予热情的支持。
2
．宾语从句
[
名师指津
]
在可以接复合宾语的动词之后，如
think
，
make
，
consider
等，可以用
it
作形式宾语
。
He has made
it
clear
that
he will not give in.
他不会屈服的，这一点他已明确表示了。
3
．表语从句
在复合句中
作表语的从句叫表语从句
。引导表语从句的关联词与引导主语从句的关联词大致一样，表语从句位于连系动词后，有时用
as if
，
because
等引导。其基本结构为：
主语＋系动词＋从句
。
The fact is
that we have lost the game
.
事实是我们已经输了这场比赛。
That is
why he didn't come to the meeting
.
那就是他为什么不到会的原因。
It looks
as if it is going to rain
.
看上去天要下雨了。
3
．表语从句
[
名师指津
]
当主语是
reason
时，表语从句要用
that
引导而不是
because
。
The reason why he was late was
that
he missed the train by one minute this morning.
他迟到的原因是，今天早晨他晚了一分钟而错过了火车。
4
．同位语从句
同位语从句
说明其前面的名词的具体内容
。同位语从句通常由
that
引导，也可由其他连接代词或连接副词引导，可用于同位语从句的名词有：
advice
，
demand
，
doubt
，
fact
，
hope
，
idea
，
information
，
message
，
news
，
order
，
problem
，
promise
，
question
，
request
，
suggestion
，
truth
，
wish
，
word
等。
The news
that we won the game
excited all of us.
我们赢得这场比赛的消息让我们每个人都很激动。
I have no idea
when he will come back home
.
我不知道他什么时候回家。
4
．同位语从句
[
名师指津
]
同位语从句和定语从句的区别
：
(
1)
意义不同
：同位语从句是跟在一个抽象名词之后，对该名词的具体内容作进一步解释说明；
而定语从句在复合句中作定语，对前面名词进行修饰、限制
。
(
2)
连接词用法不同
：
that
作为关系代词，可以引导定语从句，充当句子成分，在从句中作宾语时可以省略；
that
引导同位语从句时，只起连词的作用，没有实际意义，不充当句子成分，一般不能省略
。 试比较：
4
．同位语从句
I had no idea
that
you were here
. (
that
引导同位语从句，不能省略
)
Have you got the
idea
(
that
)
this
book gives you of life in ancient Greece
？
(that
引导定语从句，作宾语，可以省略
)
名词
性从句主要引导词的用法归纳
1
．
that
引导的名词性从句
It is obvious to the students
that
they should get well prepared for their future.
显而易见学生应该对未来做好充分准备。
(
主语从句，
it
作形式主语
)
Experts believe
(
that
)
people can waste less food by shopping only when it is necessary.
专家认为可以通过只有必须时才购物这一方法减少食物的浪费。
(
宾语从句
)
My decision is
that
all of us are to start at 6 o'clock tomorrow morning.
我的决定是我们所有人明天早上
6
点出发。
(
表语从句
)
I made a promise to myself
that
this year
，
my first year in high school
，
would be different.
我给自己做出承诺：今年，我上高中的第一年，将会与以往不同。
(
同位语从句
)
连词
that
在引导名词性从句时本身
没有意义
，在从句中
不担任
任何句子成分，但引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句时
不能省略
。
在宾语从句中有时
可以省略
。
2
．
whether
与
if
引导名词性从句时的区别
在主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句中只能用
whether
，不能用
if
。
01
Whether
the meeting will be put off has not been decided yet.
是否会议被推迟还没有决定。
The trouble is
whether
he can come on time.
麻烦是他是否能按时来。
2
．
whether
与
if
引导名词性从句时的区别
在宾语从句中
whether
和
if
一般可以互换，但：
02
It all depends
on whether
he will recover.
这完全取决于他是否康复。
(1)
作介词宾语时连接词一般用
whether
。
I don't know
whether
he will take part in the meeting
or not
.
我
不知道他是否参加会议。
(2)
后面直接跟
or not
时用
whether
。
3
．连接代词
what
，
whatever
，
who
，
whoever
，
whom
，
whose
，
which
等引导的名词性从句
what
引导的名词性从句，在功能上相当于一个名词，常译作
“
······
的
事
/
话
/
地方
/
时间
/······”
，可以
作主语、宾语、表语和同位语
。
01
What
impressed me most was the beauty of the city.
给我印象最深刻的是这座城市的美。
3
．连接代词
what
，
whatever
，
who
，
whoever
，
whom
，
whose
，
which
等引导的名词性从句
what
引导的名词性从句，在功能上相当于一个名词，常译作
“
······
的
事
/
话
/
地方
/
时间
/······”
，可以
作主语、宾语、表语和同位语
。
01
[
名师指津
]
that
和
what
的
区别
①
that
引导名词性从句时，在主从句中不充当任何句子成分，也没有任何含义
；
②
而
what
引导名词性从句时，在主从句中都要充当一定的句子成分，
what
可以分解成定语从句中的
“
先行词＋关系代词”即常说的“先行词＋
that”
。试比较：
What he told us
made us surprised.
＝
The news that he told us
made us surprised.
That he got the first place
made us surprised.
3
．连接代词
what
，
whatever
，
who
，
whoever
，
whom
，
whose
，
which
等引导的名词性从句
who
，
whom
，
whose
，
which
，
whoever
，
whatever
等引导的名词性从句
02
His father doesn't care about
which
university he will go to
.
他
父亲不在乎他上哪一所大学。
Whoever
wants to stay in a hotel has to pay their own way
.
任何
一个想要住旅店的人都必须自己付钱。
You can choose
whatever
you like in the supermarket.
在这家超市，你可以选择你喜欢的任何东西。
4
．连接副词
when
，
where
，
why
，
how
引导的名词性从句
It
makes no difference
where
we shall have the meeting.
我们在哪儿开会都无所谓。
I have no idea
how
I can get to the railway station.
我不知道怎样才能到火车站。
That's
why
I want you to work there.
那就是我要你在那儿工作的原因。
这几个连接词不但起
连接作用
，也在从句中作
状语
，表示时间、地点、原因和方式。
Ⅰ
.
单句语法填空
1
．
She asked me ____________________
I had returned the books to the library, and I admitted that I hadn't.(2017·
天津卷
)
2
．
Every year
，
____________________
makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival.(2017·
北京卷
)
3
．
Jane moved aimlessly down the
tree-
lined street, not knowing
__________________
she was heading.(2017·
北京卷
)
4
．
We choose this hotel because the price for a night here is down to $20
，
half of ____________________
it used to charge.(2017·
江苏卷
)
5
．
Your support is important to our work. ____________________
you can do helps.(2016·
北京卷
)
whether
whoever
where
what
Whatever
Ⅰ
.
用
适当的连词填空
6
．
As natural architects, the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly ____________________
thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days.(2015·
全国卷
Ⅱ)
7
．
His success was due to the fact ____________________
he had been working hard.
8
．
____________________
worried
her a bit that her hair was turning grey.
9
．
Why the explosion occurred was ____________________
the laboratory attendant had been careless.
10
．
Output is now six times ____________________
it was before liberation.
how
that
It
that
what
Ⅰ
.
用
适当的连词填空
11
．
She has received an offer from Berkeley
，
but I don't know ____________________
she will accept it.
12
．
The little boy ate ____________________
his mother gave him.
13
．
They would have fixed the telephone yesterday except ____________________
it was a holiday.
14
．
In my opinion
，
____________________
matters is whether we can win together as a team instead of individuals.
15
．
____________________
the flight to New York will be delayed is what I'm especially worried about.
whether/if
whatever
that
what
Whether
Ⅱ
.
单句
改错
1
．
My uncle is the owner of a restaurant close to that I live.(2016·
全国卷
Ⅰ)
2
．
The summer holiday is coming
. My
classmates and I are talking about how to do during the holiday.
3
．
I have no idea if or not he has finished the work
.
4
．
Because the boy didn't take medicine made his mother angry
.
5
．
The reason why I didn't go to Shanghai was because I got a new job
.
where
what
whether
T
hat
t
hat
Ⅱ
.
单句
改错
6
．
I am sure that he said is true
.
7
．
They came to the conclusion whether not all things can be done by a computer
.
8
．
I don't doubt whether he'll come back on time
.
9
．
My suggestion is we should have a discussion about this matter instead of just laying it aside
.
10
．
His promise which he would give away half of the year's income to the disabled turned out a lie
.
what
或在
that
后加
what
that
that
that
that
Ⅲ
.
翻译
句子
1
．已经定下来了，会议推迟到了下周一。
(
主语从句
)
2
．
我并不知道他是否参加音乐会。
(
宾语从句
)
3
．
问题是值不值得试一试。
(
表语从句
)
It is decided that the meeting has been put off till next Monday
.
I didn't know whether/if he would attend the concert
.
The question is whether it is worth trying
.
Ⅲ
.
翻译
句子
4
．他们赢得比赛的消息很快就传遍了整个学校。
(
同位语从句
)
5
．
他没来公司的原因是他生病了。
(
表语从句
)
6
．
我们必须尽力完成老师交给我们的任务。
(
宾语从句
)
The news that they had won the game soon spread over the whole school
.
The reason why he didn't come to the company was that he was ill
.
We must try to finish what the teacher told us to do
.
Ⅳ
.
语法
填空
We
are visiting my brother Rex in Boston
，
USA
，
1.________ teaches history in one of the universities
here. So
far
，
he 2.________ (invite) some of his friends to meet
us. One
of them is from Austria
，
and another is from Poland.3.________ rest are from Japan
，
India
，
and
Italy. I
tell him 4.________ I'm
confused. “
Don't you have any American friends
？”
I ask Rex.
He
says
，“
They're all
Americans. Don't
you know that America has people from all over the world
？”
“
That's 5.________ people often describe America as a ‘melting pot’ of many
cultures.” says
Tajima
，
from Japan.
who
has invited
The
that
why
Ⅳ
.
语法
填空
“People come here 6.________ a good many
reasons. But
students mainly come here to
study. I
have students from all over the world in my
college.” says
Rex.
“But who were the first 7.________ (come) here
？”
I ask.
Rex's Indian friend
，
Samir
，
says the first people were from Asia
，
more than 20
，
000 years ago and they are Native Americans'
ancestors. About
500 years ago
，
Spanish settlers arrived from Europe
，
followed by other 8.________ (Europe)
．
People from Africa 9.________ (bring) over as slaves at
first. I
would say people from every corner of the world have made America 10.________ it is today.
for
to come
Europeans
were brought
what
Ⅴ
.
短文
改错
This
winter vacation I went to Dunhuang to explore the Silk Road with my classmates.
When
we got off the train
，
we were all excited and attracted by which we
saw. The
next day
，
we visit the Mogao
Caves. Impressing
by the great construction
，
we took many
photos. A
guide introduced the wall paintings to
me. With
curiosity
，
we listened attentive
，
asking questions and taking
note. The
camel ride on the third day was the most excited part of our
tour. Looking
far into the desert
，
I pictured that how ancient Chinese travelled along the long
route. Before
leaving
，
we took a group photo and to memorize the tour along the Silk Road
.
what
visited
Impressed
us
attentively
notes
exciting
Ⅴ
.
短文
改错
The
trip ended
，
but my interest keeps growing and I'm longing to seeing more sites along the Silk Road.
see