2018届二轮复习非谓语动词在短文语法填空中的考查课件（50张） 50页

在语法填空中的考查 2018届二轮复习 非谓语动词 有提示词填空 1 技 能 突 破 3 随 堂 训 练 2 走 出 误 区 4 复 习 练 案 技 能 突 破 • 技法1：知晓句法功能 • 高考语法填空对非谓语动词的考查多为基本句法功能的考 查，因此掌握非谓语动词的句法功能对解题非常重要。 • (2016·全国卷Ⅲ)People probably cooked their food in large pots，______________(use) twigs(树枝)to remove it. • [解题思路] • ①首先分析句子结构→句子缺少非谓语 • ②然后分析非谓语句法功能→非谓语作状语 • ③最后判断主被动关系→people和use存在主动关系 • 尝试解答：________ using • [技法解读] • 1.非谓语动词作定语 • (1)非谓语动词作定语时，表示将来时要想到用不定式。 I have many letters to write tomorrow afternoon.我明天下午有 许多信要写。 • (2)非谓语动词作定语时，表正在进行或主动进行时要想到 用现在分词。 • The boy playing in the playground is my brother.正在操场上 玩耍的那个小男孩是我弟弟。 • (3)非谓语动词作定语时，表示已经完成或被动完成时 要 想到用过去分词。 • The trees blown down in the storm have been moved off the road. • 在风暴中被刮倒的树木已被移出道路。 • 2．非谓语动词作状语 • (1)非谓语动词作目的状语、出乎意料的结果状语或某些形 容词(表喜、怒、哀、乐)表语后的原因状语时，要想到用 不定式。 • Firemen had to break in to reach the people trapped inside. • 为了抢救困在屋里的人，消防人员不得不破门而入。 • (2)非谓语动词作时间状语、伴随状语、原因状语、条件状 语或意料之中的结果状语时，如果动词和逻辑主语存在主 动关系，要想到用现在分词。 • He comes home late every evening，making his wife very angry. • 他每天回来得很晚，这使他的妻子很生气。(表结果) • (3)非谓语动词作时间状语、原因状语、条件状语时，如果 动词和逻辑主语存在被动关系，要想到用过去分词。 Born in a poor family，Nadia had only two years of schooling. • 由于出生于贫寒家庭，纳迪亚只上过两年学。(表原因) • 3．非谓语动词作补语 • (1)非谓语动词在使役动词have，let，make等后面时，要想 到接不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语。 • I like the film because it can make me laugh. • 我喜欢这部电影，因为它能让我笑。 • (2)非谓语动词在感官动词(短语)see，watch，observe， notice，look at，hear，listen to，feel等后面时要想到接省 去to的不定式或动词-ing形式作其宾语补足语，动词不定 式表示动作的全过程，动词-ing形式表示动作正在进行。 • I often see some boys play football at noon. • 我经常看到一些男孩子中午踢足球。 • (3)非谓语动词在have，keep，leave，find，catch，send等 动词后且表示主动时，要想到用动词-ing形式作宾语补足 语。 • She kept me waiting for over 20 minutes. • 她让我等了二十多分钟。 • (4)非谓语动词在want，like，wish，order，have，make， get，keep，leave，see，hear，find，feel，notice，observe ，watch等动词后且表被动时，要想到用过去分词作宾语 补足语。 • I will have the machines checked before work.工作前我会把 机器检查一下。 • 4．非谓语动词作主语 • (1)非谓语动词作主语表示抽象动作，要想到用动名词。 Smoking is prohibited here.这里禁止抽烟。 • (2)非谓语动词作主语表示具体动作，要想到用不定式。 • To smoke so much is not very good for your health. • 你抽这么多烟对你身体很不好。 • (3)不定式作主语，一般用it当形式主语，把作主语的不定 式短语后置。 • It took me only five minutes to finish the job. • 我只花了五分钟的时间就完成了这项工作。 • 5．非谓语动词作宾语 • (1)非谓语动词作动词宾语时，要想到用动名词或不定式 (此内容具体见解题技法4)。 • (2)非谓语动词作介词宾语时，要想到用动名词。 • One morning，I was waiting at the bus stop，worried about being late for school. • 一天早上，我在公共汽车站等车，担心上学迟到了。 • 6．非谓语动词作表语 • (1)非谓语动词作表语表示具体动作，特别是表示将来的动 作，要想到用动词不定式。 • His wish is to make his dream come true in the near future， 他的愿望是在不远的将来实现他的梦想。 • (2)非谓语动词作表语，表示抽象的一般性的行为，要想到 用动名词。 • Our work is serving the people. • 我们的工作是为人民服务。 • (3)非谓语动词作表语，表示“令人……的”，要想到用现 在分词；表示“主语的感受”，要想到用过去分词。 • The story sounds interesting and I'm interested in it. • 这个故事听起来很有趣，我对它很感兴趣。 • ①(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)Skilled workers also combine various hardwoods and metal ___________ (create)special designs. • ②(2015·全国卷Ⅰ)Abercrombie & Kent，a travel company in Hong Kong，says it regularly arranges quick getaways here for people _______(live) in Shanghai and Hong Kong. • ③(2015·全国卷Ⅰ)A study of travelers ______________ (conduct) by the website TripAdvisor names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations in the world. to create living conducted • ④(2015·全国卷Ⅱ)In addition to their simple beauty，what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their ability to “air condition”a house without _______ (use) electric equipment. • ⑤Before driving into the city，you are required to get your car _______(wash)． using washed • 技法2：看清逻辑主语 • 逻辑主语对于解决非谓语动词的题目非常关键，解题时需 先找到逻辑主语，然后再判断非谓语动词的形式。 • (2016·全国卷Ⅰ)I was the first Western TV reporter ______________(permit) to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild. • [解题思路] • ①分析句子结构→句子缺少非谓语 • ②找出逻辑主语→reporter • ③判断非谓语动词和逻辑主语的关系→reporter和permit存 在被动关系 • 尝试解答：_____________ permitted • [技法解读] • 1．若非谓语动词作状语，则其逻辑主语是句子的主语。 若句子的主语是分词动作的发出者，即主动关系，则用现 在分词形式；若句子的主语是分词动作的承受者，即被动 关系，则用过去分词形式。 • He lay on the grass，enjoying the warm sunshine and spring breeze.他躺在草地上，享受温暖的阳光和春风。 • Seen from space，the earth looks like a huge water-covered globe. • 从太空看，地球像一个巨大的被水覆盖的球体。 • 2．若非谓语动词作宾语补足语，则其逻辑主语是句子的 宾语。若宾语是分词动作的发出者，即主动关系，且强调 进行，则用现在分词形式；若宾语是分词动作的承受者， 即被动关系，则用过去分词形式。 • I saw him climbing the fence just now. • 我刚才看见他在爬这个栅栏。 • A villager saw the little girl taken away by a middle-aged lady.一位村民看见这个小女孩被一位中年妇女带走了。 • ①(2017·丰台一模)Whenever I’m in trouble，I hear a voice _______ (ring) in my head，“You can do it.” • ②(2015·重庆高考改编)Like ancient sailors，birds can find their way _______(use)the sun and the stars. • ③After I entered the room.I saw him _______(lie)on the ground. • ④_____________(surround) by his students，the teacher went into the lab. ringing using lying Surrounded • 技法3：勿忘时态和语态 • 非谓语动词虽然在句中不作谓语，但它仍然具有动词的特 征，既可以有自己的主语(逻辑主语)，也可以有时态和语 态的变化。因此，在语法填空中不要忘了非谓语动词的时 态和语态。 • (2017·江苏高考)Many Chinese brands， ______(develop)their reputations over centuries，are facing new challenges from the modern market. • [解题思路] • ①分析句子结构→句子已有谓语动词→判断缺少非谓语 • ②判断非谓语动词和逻辑主语的关系→develop和brands 存在主动关系 • ③判断非谓语动词的时态→develop这个动作先于主句动 作are＋facing. • 尝试解答：________________ having developed • [技法解读] • 1．非谓语动词的时态 • (1)若非谓语动词表示的动作是将来要发生的，要想到用不 定式的一般式。 • He told me to clean the blackboard.他告诉我擦黑板。 • (2)若与谓语动词表示的动作同时进行，要想到用现在分词 或不定式的进行式。 • He sat there，playing games.他坐在那里玩游戏。 • (3)若在谓语动词表示的动作之前发生，要想到用现在分词、 不定式或动名词的完成式。 • Having been there many times，she knows the place quite well.由于已去过那里许多次了，她非常熟悉那个地方。 • I'm sorry for having kept you waiting. • 对不起让你久等了。 • 2．非谓语动词的语态 • (1)不定式的被动式由“to be＋过去分词”构成。不定式 完成时的被动语态由“to have been＋过去分词”构成。 • He needs to be taken care of.他需要人照顾。 • (2)现在分词和动名词被动语态由“being＋过去分词”构 成。 • The building being repaired is our library. • 正在维修的那座楼是我们的图书馆。 • 注意： • (1)动词need，require，want作“需要”讲时，其后要用动 名词的主动语态或不定式的被动语态作宾语，有此相同用 法的动词还有deserve“值得”。 • (2)形容词worth后接动名词的主动形式表示被动意义。 • 3．不定式to blame，to let等作表语时，用主动表示被动 Nobody is to blame for it.谁也不该埋怨。 • ①(2015·全国卷Ⅱ)The adobe dwellings(土坯房) _______(build)by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired by even the most modern of architects and engineers. • ②________________(expose) to sunlight for too much time will do harm to your skin. • ③As far as I am concerned，his suggestion is worth ____________(consider)． • ④It's a great honour ______________(invite)to Mary's birthday party. built Being exposed considering to be invited • 技法4：牢记固定结构 • 一些固定搭配很实用，解题时注意一些关键的字眼，进而 联想到相关结构。 • (2016·全国卷Ⅱ)If you find something you love doing outside of the office，you'll be less likely______________(bring) your work home. • [解题思路] • 根据固定结构→be likely to do sth.可能做某事 • 尝试解答：________ to bring • [技法解读] • 1．若非谓语动词作下列动词或动词短语的宾语，则只能 用动名词： • 喜欢考虑不可免( enjoy，consider，avoid) • 不禁放弃太冒险(cannot help，give up，risk) • 感激承认很值得(appreciate，admit，be worth) • 反对想象莫拖延(mind，imagine，delay，put off) • 允许完成是期待( allow，finish，look forward to) • 建议保持勤操练( suggest，keep，practice) • 致力原谅要坚持(be devoted to，excuse，insist on) • 继续成功不错过(keep on，succeed in，miss) • 2．若非谓语动词作下列动词的宾语，则只能用不定式： 一准备( prepare)、二决定(decide，determine)、三要求( ask ，demand，request)、四希望(desire，expect，hope，wish) ；提供计划(offer，plan，intend)；设法学会(manage， learn)；未能选择(fail，choose)；只好乞求(beg)；拒绝答应 (refuse，promise)；假装同意(pretend，agree)。 • 3．若非谓语动词作下列动词或动词短语的宾语补足语， 则只能用不定式： • advise，allow，cause，beg，command，encourage，expect ，forbid，force，invite，inform，order，persuade，permit ，urge，want，warn，appeal to，depend on，wait for等。 • 5．有些永远固定的非谓语动词形式的结构：considering that鉴于，考虑到；judging by/from从……来看； supposing/providing/provided/assuming that...假定，假设； compared with/to与……相比等。 • 6．若非谓语动词在下列结构中，则只能用不定式：so...as to...；such...as to...；enough to...；too...to...；the＋序数词 /next/only/last＋名词＋to do...以及it＋take＋时间＋to do sth. 等结构。 • ①(2014·全国卷Ⅱ)Still，the boy kept ________ (ride)．He was carrying something over his shoulder and shouting. • ②(2014·全国卷Ⅰ)It took years of work ___________(reduce) industrial pollution and clean the water. • ③With so many children ________(talk) loudly，I couldn't settle down to my work. • ④________(judge) from his worried look，he must have failed in the entrance exam. riding to reduce talking Tudging • 非谓语动词解题三字诀“一析，二找，三定” • 一析，分析句子结构： • 若句中已有谓语动词且该谓话动词没有通过并列连词与括 号中的动词并列，则应考虑填非谓语动词形式。 • 二找，找准所给词的逻辑主语： • 找准所给词的逻辑主语，然后分析非谓语动词与逻辑主语 之间是主动关系还是被动关系：若是主动关系用现在分词 形式，若是被动关系则用过去分词形式。 • 三定，确定非谓语动词的时态： • 根据非谓语动词的动作与谓语动词的动作发生的先后关系 确定用一般或还是完成式。若非谓话动词表示的动作与谓 语动词表示的动作同时发生，则用一般式；若非谓语动词 的动作发生在谓话动词之前，则用完成式。 • 提醒：注意不规则非谓语动词形式的拼写，如双写不算不 规则die→dying；lie→lain；break→broken等。 走 出 误 区 • 易错点1　混淆逻辑主语 • ①(2017·西城一模)________(see) from this point，the problem presents no easy solution. • ②(母题变式)________(see) from this point，we find no easy solution to the problem. Seen Seeing • [点拨]　在句①中，逻辑主语the problem是动作(see)承受 者，表被动，所以用过去分词(Seen)。而在句②逻辑主语 we是动作see的发出者，表主动，所以用现在分词(Seeing)。 位于句首注意大写。 • 易错点2　混淆谓语和非谓语 • ①(2017·惠州三模)At the end of 2015，China had a population of 1.37 billion people，a total of 800 million of them ______(be) employed. • ②(母题变式)At the end of 2015，China had a population of 1.37 billion people，a total of 800 million of whom ________(be) employed. • ③(母题变式)At the end of 2015，China had a population of 1.37 billion people，and a total of 800 million of them ________(be) employed. being were were • [点拨] • 句①因前后被逗号隔开，且无连词引导，因此可判定处于 后面的部分不是一个句子，应是句子的一个成分，用独立 主格作状语。因句②有连词whom，可知其引导的是一个 定语从句，由此可判断其后面也是个句子，故填谓语动词 形式。句③因后面有连词and，可知其连接的是两个并列 分句，由此可判断其后面也是个句子，故填谓语形式。 • 易错点3　混淆非谓语动词的时态 • ①The building___________(build) now will be a French- style restaurant. • ②(母题变式)The building___________(build) next year will be a French-style restaurant. • ③(母题变式)The building________(build)last year is a French-style restaurant. being built to be built built • [点拨] • 句①中now说明大楼正在被建，故用非谓语动词进行式。 句②中next year说明大楼将在明年被建，故用表将来的不 定式。句③中last year说明大楼已被建，故用过去分词。 随 堂 训 练 • Ⅰ.单句练习 • ❶　 (2016·四川高考)For 25 days，she never left her baby， not even to find something________(eat) ! • ❷　 Five years later，Earhart became the first woman ________(make) the flight. • ❸　(2014·辽宁高考) Keep________(hold) your position for a while.It helps develop your strength and flexibility. • ❹　O·Henry was a pen name________(use) by an American writer of short stories. • ❺　 There were many people________(wait) at the bus stop ，and some of them looked very anxious and disappointed. to eat to make holding used waiting • ❻　 Anxiously，she took the dress out of the package and tried it on，only________(find) it didn't fit. • ❼　________(devote) to the research，he spends little time getting together with his family. • ❽　(2017·天津高考)I was watching the clock all through the meeting，as I had a train ________(catch)． to find Devoted to catch • Ⅱ.语篇练习：用适当的非谓语形式填空 • Buying books on the Internet is a great way 1.________(save) time and money.Online bookstores offer new books and • 2.________(use) books that can save you a lot of money.What's more，they are far better 3.___________ (compare) to traditional bookstores as they offer much broader kinds of books.You can either click the kind of e-book online or type the book title and get it in seconds.Another advantage of 4.__________(shop) online is that you can also read the book reviews as well as readers' reviews to get an idea whether the book is worth 5.________(buy)．Online bookstores offer great discounts，which is a big attraction for book lovers. to save used compared shopping buying • For book lovers，it is most important 6.________( get)books in time.Therefore，you need to find a reliable online bookstore that will be able 7.___________(provide) fast deliveries.Here are some tips to use when 8.________(select)an online bookstore.Some online bookstores are popular for fiction books; some are for non- fiction books or novels，etc... 9.____________(understand) their specialization will help you get the right kinds of books in time.Check whether you will be buying the books from a third-party seller or directly from the websites.Never jump at stores that offer cheap prices，as books 10.________(sell)at such low prices could be in very bad condition. to get to provide selecting Understanding sold • ❶　解析：动词不定式作后置定语，修饰a great way。 • ❷　解析：used books意为“二手书”。前面的new也给予 提示。 • ❸　解析：compared to为固定短语，意为“与……相比”。 • ❹　解析：介词of后应该用动名词。 • ❺　解析：be worth doing sth.为固定表达，意为“某事值 得做”。 • ❻　解析：不定式短语作真正的主语，it作形式主语。 • ❼　解析：be able to do sth.能够做某事。 • ❽　解析：此处为状语从句when you are selecting an online bookstore的省略。 • ❾　解析：分析句子结构可知，此处应为动名词短语作主 语。 • 　 解析：过去分词作后置定语，修饰books。