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2018届二轮复习 动词不定式典题练与析
一 不定式的多种形式辨别
用to be done具备2个条件：1）修饰的对象就是其动作的发出者；2）动作发生的时间与谓语动词发生的时间之后进行的。
My decision to teach you English is what you want.
At the beginning of class, I said,”I am glad to teach your English today.”
用to be done具备2个条件：1）修饰的对象就是其动作的承受者；2）动作发生的时间与谓语动词发生的时间之后进行的。
To be taught English by Mr. He is my hope.
I want to be taught English by Mr. He.
My hope is to be taught English by Mr. He.
Do you have anything to be taught.
Not to be punished again, I went to school early.
The student is reported to be sent to study abroad next term.
用to have done具备2个条件：1）修饰的对象就是其动作的发出者；2）动作发生的时间与谓语动词发生的时间之前进行的。
At the end of class, I said,”I am glad to have taught your English today.”
You are said to have learned the infinite,but you haven’t learned it well.
用 to have been doing具备3个条件：1）修饰的对象就是其动作的承受者； 2）动作发生的时间在谓语动词发生的时间是之前进行的；
The letter he sent to his mother yesterday was said to have been written in English.
用to be doing 具备2个条件：1）修饰的对象就是其动作的发出者； 2）动作发生的时间与谓语动词发生的时间是同时进行的。
You pretended to be reading your English book when your parents came into your study.
You appeared to be smiling to me when I asked your question.
One of your classmates is said to be studying abroad now.
用 to have been doing具备3个条件：1）修饰的对象就是其动作的发出者； 2）动作发生的时间在谓语动词发生的时间是之前进行的；3）to have been doing 的动作还在进行或者刚刚结束。
He is said to have been writing a letter to his mother all this morning. He will finish it this evening.
二不定式可作某些动词的宾语
不定式可作某些动词的宾语，常见的动词有：afford，agree，ask，decide，desire，expect，fail，hope，manage，promise，pretend，plan，intend，refuse，wish等。
三 不定式作宾语补足语
①某些动词如tell，want，wish，advise，order，require，expect，remind，persuade，encourage，convince，force，beg，allow，forbid等后可接不定式作宾语补足语。
②某些感官动词如feel，hear，see，watch，notice，observe等或使役动词如have，let，make等后面可接不带to的不定式作宾语补足语。但如果句子变成被动语态时，就必须带to 符号。
③某些动词如find,feel,think,expect,consider,make等后可接不定式作宾语，但宾语后要接形容词或名词作宾语补足语，而且要用it作形式宾语。News services make it possible for newspapers to give their readers news from around the world.
四 不定式作定语
①作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词是不定式动作的地点、工具等，不定式后面须有相应的介词。Please give me a knife to cut with.
②不定式作定语一般表示将来的动作，但修饰有序数词或形容词最高级限定的名词时，则表示已完成的动作。I borrowed some books to
read during my holiday.
She was the first woman to win the gold medal in the Olympic Games
五 不定式作状语
①不定式一般作目的状语，还可用短语in order to 或so as to。He sat down to have a rest.
②不定式有时可作结果状语，表示意想不到的结果，还可用only to。
He left，never to return.He lifted a stone only to drop it on his own feet.
③不定式可用在下列句子中表示结果：He was so careless as to forget to lock the door.
④不定式可作评注性状语，用以修饰整个句子。To be honest，I know nothing about it.
“疑问词＋不定式”在句中可充当主语、表语、宾语。
When and where to hold the meeting is not known yet.I didn’t know whether to laugh or cry about it.
下列情况下不定式用主动形式表达被动意义：
①不定式作定语时。She has a sister to look after.
②不定式放在形容词之后时。This book is difficult to understand.
③个别动词用在“be＋不定式”结构中表将来或应该时。I think he is to blame.我认为他应该受到责备。
不定式的省略
不定式的省略问题有时为了避免重复，不定式可用省略形式，但常常要保留不定式符号to。这种情况常出现在动词expect，hope，wish，mean，prefer，care，forget，want，try或be glad，be happy或would like/love等后面。如果不定式中含有be，have，have been时，这些词也可保留。I haven’t been to Hong Kong，but I wish to.“I didn’t tell him the news.”“Oh，you ought to have.”
动名词作宾语
①下列动词后只能接动名词作宾语，不可接不定式作宾语：admit，appreciate，avoid，consider，delay，dislike，enjoy，escape，excuse，finish，imagine，keep，mind，miss，practise，risk，resist，suggest等。
②下列短语后要接动名词作宾语：burst out，can’t stand，end up，give up，feel like，keep on，insist on，look forward to，put off，devote...to，object to，be busy(in)，get down to，have difficulty/trouble(in)，have a
good/wonderful/hard time(in)等。
③下列动词或短语后接不定式和动名词作宾语时，意义上有所不同。共计6个词。
⑤动词allow，advise，forbid，permit等后接动名词作宾语，但要接不定式作宾语补足语。
⑥动词need，require，want作“需要”解时，其后要用动名词的主动语态或不定式的被动语态作宾语。
⑦形容词worth后要接动名词的主动语态表达被动意义，它不同于worthy 的用法。
The place is worth visiting.The place is worthy of being visited/to be visited.
典题演练
1．________ from endless homework on weekends, the students now find their own activities, such as taking a ride together to watch the sunrise.
A．Freed B．Freeing
C．To free D．Having freed
答案与解析：A 由于free和其逻辑主语the students之间是动宾关系，所以这里用过去分词形式。free在本句中的意思是“解除(负担、义务或限制)”。
2．Hearing something ________ downstairs, I opened the door and found my brother playing football.
A．kicking B．to kick
C．being kicked D．to be kicked
答案与解析：C 分析句子结构可知，此处是非谓语动词作宾补。听到有什么东西正在被踢下楼去，something和kick之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，因此用现在分词的被动式作宾补。
3．—Bob, why do you stay silent? Can you tell me the answer?
—I'm sorry, Mr. Green. Your question is very difficult ________.
A．to be answered B．to answer
C．answering D．to have answered
答案与解析：B 此处不定式作状语，像这种情形，动作的发出者是说话者本人时，习惯上用不定式的主动式。句意：——Bob，你为什么不作声呀？你能告诉我答案吗？——对不起，格林先生，你的问题很难回答。
4．________ the whole week, I couldn't spare any time to visit him in hospital, though I had meant to.
A．Having fully occupied
B．Being fully occupied
C．Fully occupying
D．Fully occupied
答案与解析：D 句意：我整个星期都在忙，抽不出时间去医院看望他，尽管我很想去。表示“忙于做某事”用be occupied in (doing) sth.或occupy oneself in (doing) sth.，因此这里用过去分词作原因状语。
5．Your sister is said ________ in the supermarket when she was doing shopping yesterday.
A．to be badly treated
B．treating badly
C．being badly treated
D．to have been badly treated
答案与解析：D 句意：据说你妹妹昨天在超市买东西时，受到了恶劣的对待。当不定式表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前时用to have done, 又因此处表示“被恶劣地对待”，故用不定式的被动完成式。
6．We hurried there only ________ a note pinned on the door, ________ us the delay of the meeting.
A．to find; to inform B．finding; informed
C．to find; informing D．found; inform
答案与解析：C 句意：我们匆匆赶到那里，结果发现门上贴着一张通知，说会议延期了。不定式only to do表示意料之外的结果；note与动词inform是主动关系，故用现在分词作定语。
7．You can hardly imagine the difficulty she had ________ enough evidence to prove the case.
A．collected B．to collect
C．collecting D．have collected
答案与解析：C 句意：你简直无法想象她在收集充分的证据打赢这场官司时遇到多大的困难。have difficulty (in) doing sth. “做某事有困难”，是固定短语。
8．—How did you spend the holiday?
—I went nowhere but stay at home. I'd like to ________ to the beach, but my mother was ill.
A．go B．having gone
C．be going D．have gone
答案与解析：D 句意：——你的假期是怎么过的？——我哪里也没去，就呆在家里了。我本想去海边的，但是我母亲病了。would like后接to do表示“想做某事”，且“去海边”是过去的打算，故用不定式的完成式。
9．With the financial crisis ________ across the globe, a lot of companies have shut down and many people have been out of work.
A．to spread B．spreading
C．being spread D．having spread
答案与解析：B 句意：随着金融危机在全球的蔓延，很多公司倒闭，很多人失业。financial crisis与动词spread是主动关系，故with...结构中用现在分词作补语。
10．________ from what he said and did, Mr. White is a doctor.
A．Judge B．Judged
C．Being Judged D．Judging
答案与解析：D 句意：从他的言行举止判断，怀特先生是个医生。judging from...是固定用法，在句子中作状语。
11．________ in her most beautiful skirt, the girl tried to make herself ________ at the party.
A．Dressed; noticed B．Dressing; noticed
C．Dressed; noticing D．Dressing; being noticing
答案与解析：A 句意：穿着她最美丽的裙子，这个女孩极力想在宴会上引起注意。过去分词化的形容词dressed...表示状态，在句子中作状语；动词notice与herself是动宾关系，故用过去分词作补语。
12．—I'm considering ________ TV at home this evening.
—Why not try ________ something different for a change?
A．watching; doing B．to watch; to do
C．watching; to do D．to watch; doing
答案与解析：A 句意：——我正考虑今晚在家看电视。——为什么不尝试做点别的改变一下呢？consider作“考虑”讲后接动名词作宾语；try后接动名词表示“尝试”，接不定式表示“尽力”，根据题意，本题应接动名词，故选A项。
13．I would appreciate ________ back this afternoon so that we can make an early decision.
A．you to call B．you call
C．your calling D．you're calling
答案与解析：C 句意：如果您今天下午回电话，我将很感激，那样我们就可以尽早做决定。appreciate后接动名词作宾语；your calling是动名词的复合结构，物主代词your说明call这一动作的执行者。
14．You will know what it is like ________ most of your time listening to dull reports in a meeting room.
A．spending B．having spent
C．to spend D．to have spent
答案与解析：C 句意：你会知道花费大部分的时间在会议室里听枯燥的报告是什么样的感觉。由句中的时态可知是“还没有去听报告”，所以用不定式的一般式作真正主语，it是形式主语。
15．—Henry doesn't seem to be what he was, does he?
—No. ________ so much in the war has made him more thoughtful.
A．Seen B．His seeing
C．Having seen D．To have seen
答案与解析：B 句意：——亨利看起来不像以前那样了，是不是？——是的，在战争中他所见到的一切使他更有思想了。动词ing形式可以有自己的逻辑主语，通常是由名词所有格或形容词性物主代词承担。题中是形容词性物主代词作逻辑主语。