- 2.36 MB
- 2021-06-25 发布
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NewYorksbestclassesforkidsincludesportsclasses,performingartsclasses,artclasses,language
programsandbabyclasses.Makesureyourkidsarereadyfornewadventureswiththesesupercoolofferings!
92ndStreetYClasses
Atthisinstitutionyourmusiciancanlearnhowtoplayaninstrument.Afterschoolclassesexaminedifferent
musicalpiecesandencourageworkinagroupsetting.Attheendoftheprogram,miniMozartscanimpresstheir
familyandfriendsatopenhouseperformances.Plus,whentheyrenotjamming,kidscantakeadvantageof
homeworkhelpintheClubhouse,wheretheyaredividedupbygradelevel.Ages5-15.
TheCliffsatLIC
Afteradayoffightingtheacademicobstaclecourseatschool,yourfavoriteachieverscanreachnew
heightsonarockclimbingwall.TheCliffsofferingsallowdevelopingbodiestobuildmusclestrength.For
example,introductorysessionsteachclimbershowtotiesafetyknots(l)aswellasotherbasics,mastering
themwithhandsongamesandactivities.TheCliffsatLIC,LongIslandCity.Ages6-18.
StatenIslandSkatingPavilion
Thislargeareamaintainsitsyearroundfrostytemperaturesforiceskatingfun.Coursesareofferedevery
dayforavarietyofinterestsandskilllevels,andpublicandfreestylesessionsareavailableforchildrenwho
wanttospendsomeafternoonstherewithoutinstruction.Ages4andup.
WestSideYMCA
Ifyourchildwantstolearnhowtoswim,youdbepressedtofindmoreoptionsthanthoseofferedattheY.
Kidsaregroupedbyageandcapability.Thecoursescoverpersonalsafetyandstroketechniques.Ifyouroffspring
preferdryland,theYalsooffersdance,basketballandfootball.Visitwebsiteforclassdescriptionsanddetailed
priceinformation.Ages5-18.
1.Whoisthepassageintendedfor?
A.Elementaryschoolteachers. B.Childrenaroundschoolage.
C.Familieslookingforattraction. D.Parentswithunderagechildren.
2.Whicheventwillyouattendforoccasionalacademichelp?
A.TheCliffsatLIC.
B.WestSideYMCA.
C.92ndStreetYClasses.
D.StatenIslandSkatingPavilion.
3.WhatdoesStatenIslandSkatingPavilionprovide?
A.Aminiopenhouseperformanceattheendoftheprogram.
B.Coldtemperaturesalltheyearroundforiceskating.
C.Teachingofskatingindividedgroupsaccordingtotheirage.
D.Introductorylessonsonhowtoovercomethelearningobstacles.
B
Thatmorning,Idroppedoureldestatkindergartenandreturnedhometoletourtwoyoungerchildrenplay
whileIworkedonmymedicalreport.Itwaswonderful,butithitmethatmycareerinhospitalwasntmakinga
differenceinanyoneslife.Ineededsomethingthatwouldstretchmylimitsandpushmetogrow.Mycareer
enabledmetoworkfromhome.Icouldworkfromhome,andbecomeafoster()mother,providingsafety
forachildwhoneededitdesperately.
OnMondaymorning,IpickedupthephoneanddialedthenumberIhadgoogledforthenearest
DepartmentofChildrensServices.Themanontheotherendwasreceptivetomyquestionsandexplainedthe
nextstepoftraining,involvingeightweeksofclassesdesignedtoprepareandeducatefosterparents.We
continuedthroughalltheclasses,thehomevisits,backgroundchecks,andseeminglyendlesssteps.
Fivelongmonthsafterwewereapproved,thephonerang.Inthemiddleofthenight,Iwokemyhusband
andrushedtoEastTennesseeChildrensHospital.Ourplacementwaswaitingforusintheemergencyroom,
sickandlackofnutrition.Itdidnttakelongforustorealizethefulldepthofhersuffering.Sixmonthslater,her
halfbrothercametousbyourrequest.Wenowhadfivechildrenunderourcare.
OnAugust12,2016,ourfamilyofsevenwalkedintoasmallcourtroom.Thechildrenslawyerandsocial
workerwerethere.Withjustafewwords,ouradoptionwasfinalized.Thesetwoamazingchildrenwerentgoing
home,becausetheywerealreadyhome.Wearetheirforeverfamily,andtheyareourforeverchildren.Wemay
notbeabletochangetheentireworld,butwehavechangedtheworldentirelyforournewchildren.
4.Howdidtheauthorfeelaboutherhospitalwork?
A.Lackinginmotivation. B.Unusuallydemanding.
C.Filledwithchallenges. D.Packedwithchances.
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5.Whatledtheauthortodecidetoadoptchildren?
A.Shefeltsympatheticforabusedchildrensheknew.
B.Shewantedtomakeadifferenceinotherpeople.
C.Shefeltconfidentaboutherabilitytoraisechildren.
D.Sheexperiencedtrainingtoraisechildrenproperly.
6.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“placement”inPara.3referto?
A.Thechildtobeadopted. B.Theneedtogettrained.
C.Theapprovalofadoption. D.Theofficialatthehospital.
7.Whydidtheauthorappearatthecourtroom?
A.Toputtheadoptedkidselsewhere. B.Toreceiveanotheradoptedchild.
C.Tomaketheadoptionofficiallylegal. D.Tobeginthekidsadoptioninherhome.
C
Thekakapo,abirdthatlivesinNewZealand,isnotdesignedforsurvival.Weighingupto4kilograms,it
istheworldsfattestparrot.Itmates(q)onlywhentherimutreeisinfruit,whichhappenseveryfewyears.
Itdevelopedgraduallyintheabsenceoflandbasednaturalenemies,soinsteadofflyingabovethetreesitwalks
likeaduckacrossthedryforestfloor.Whenitmovesunsteadilyacrosssomethingthatmightkillit,itwillstand
still.
Suchunusualcharacteristicsturneditintofastfoodforhumansettlers,andforthecatsandratsthey
broughtwiththem.Itseemedtohavedisappearedbythe1970s,untilscientistscameacrosstwoundiscovered
populationsinthecountryssouth.Thesesurvivorswereeventuallymovedtosmallenemyfreeislands,where
researchershavespentdecadestryingtogetthemtobreed(
).
Thescientistspatienceisfinallyrewarded.Therimuwasinfruitthisyear,andmorethan80chicks
hatched,makingthisthebestbreedingseasononrecord.Manyhavesurvivedintoadolescence,increasingthe
numberofadultkakaposbyathird,to200birds.
Anotherdangertothekakapoisalackofgeneticdiversity.Thisisonereasonwhyfewerthanhalfofkakapo
eggshatch.Byarrangingthegenome( )ofeverylivingbird,scientistscanidentifycloselyrelated
individualsandputthemondifferentislands.Everybirdisfittedwithsomethingtotrackitsslightestmovement.
Ifafemalemateswithan“unsuitable”male,theprocesscanbestopped.
AlltheseeffortscostalmostNewZealand1.3millionthisbreedingseason.Yetthekakaposfuturestill
looksunsafe.Earlierthisyearaseverediseasetorethroughthepopulation.Andtinyasthenumberofkakapos
is,spaceisrunningoutonthetwoislandswheremostofthemlive.Newenemyfreesettlementmustsoonbe
found.
8.Whichofthefollowingisadangerforthesurvivalofthekakapo?
A.Itisthesmallestbirdintheworld. B.Itlacksexerciseandusuallystandsstill.
C.Itadaptsslowlyingeneticdevelopment. D.Itcantrespondactivelywhenfacingdanger.
9.Inwhatwaymaythescientistspatienceberewarded?
A.Theyhatched80kakaposeggsthisyear.
B.Theytriedtomaketherimutreeinfruitthisyear.
C.Twosurvivorsweremovedtoenemyfreeislands.
D.50chickshatchedhavesurvivedintoadultsthisyear.
10.Whydidthescientistsputkakapoindifferentislands?
A.Tostopcloselyrelatedkakaposmating. B.Toincreasethepopulationofkakapo.
C.Tostopfemalesmatingwithmales. D.Tohatchmorekakaposeggs.
11.Accordingtotheauthor,theeffortstoprotectthekakapoinNewZealandare .
A.successful B.unsafe
C.doubtful D.inadequate
D
“Newandimproved.”Thesewordsareputinsomanymarketingcampaignsthatwetendtoacceptthemas
linked.Butmanynewdrugsarentanimprovementoverthebestexistingdrugforagivencondition,andthefast
drugapprovalprocessesinrecentyearshaveaddedtotheuncertaintyabouttheiradvantages.
ArecentreportintheBritishMedicalJournal,“NewDrugs:WhereDidWeGoWrongandWhatCanWe
DoBetter?,”analysedtheissue.Theauthorslookedat216drugsapprovedbetween2011and2017;152were
newlydeveloped,and64wereexistingmedicineapprovedfornewuses.Only25% offeredamajoradvantage
overtheestablishedtreatment,andfully58% hadnoconfirmedaddedbenefittoreducesymptomsorimprove
healthrelatedqualityoflife.
“Thisdoesntmeantheresnoaddedbenefit,”leadauthorWieselersaid.“Itjustmeanswehaveno
positiveproof.Eitherwehavenostudiesorhavestudiesnotgoodenough.”Wieselerandhercoauthorsworkfor
aGermaninstitutewhichevaluatesnewtreatmentsandadvisesonwhetherthecountryshealthcaresystem
shouldpayapremium()forthem.Suchorganizations,knownashealthtechnologyassessment(HTA)
agencies,workalittledifferentlyintheUS,saysSeanTunis,aresearcherinBaltimore:“Ifpayersthinkanew
drugisntbetterthananexistingdrug,theseagencieswillrequirethathospitalstrythecheaperdrugfirst.”
GermanysHTAdemandstrialstoprovethatanewtreatmentbeatstheexistingstandard.Thisisntalways
practical.Foronething,suchstudiescanbeexpensiveandtimeconsuming,withnoguaranteeofsuccess.
Secondly,itcandiscouragecompaniesfromattemptingtodevelopnewalternatives.Thisisalreadyhappening.
Drugdevelopersareincreasinglyfocusedonareaswheretherearenogoodtreatmentstocompetewith,suchas
rarediseases.
ThislackofmeaningfuldatatoguidepatientsisamajorpointofWieselerspaper.Withaccelerated
approval,therearemoreproductsapproved,withagreateramountofuncertaintyaboutrisksandbenefits.But
thereareothersolutionsbesidesdrugtrials.Oneideaistorequirepostmarketstudiestotracktheeffectivenessof
newlyapproveddrugs—asteptoooftenneglected.
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12.Whatmessagedoestherecentreportconvey?
A.Improveddrugshaveadvantagesoveroldones.
B.Theapprovalprocessesfornewdrugsaretoofast.
C.Manynewdrugshavenoimprovedadvantages.
D.Before2017noimprovementwasmadetodrugs.
13.WhatwillUSHTAagenciesdowhennoadvantageisfoundinnewdrugs?
A.Gethospitalstousethecheaperdrugs.
B.Removegovernmentpremiumonthem.
C.Arrangefinancialsupportforthepatients.
D.Putnewdrugsonfurthertrialsandstudies.
14.WhatsthedisadvantageofGermanysHTAtrialdemands?
A.Makingdrugcompaniesthinkofillegalwaystocutcost.
B.Holdingcompaniesbackfromimprovingexistingdrugs.
C.Gettingpatientstodependonthegovernmentforsupport.
D.Pushingcompaniestotryalternativesforexistingdrugs.
15.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?
A.TheAdvantageofExistingDrugs B.MisunderstandingofNewandOldDrugs
C.PeoplesPreferenceforNeworOldDrugs D.ADilemmawithNewDrugAlternatives
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