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Unit 4 Helping people around the world
[学生用书P164]
一、语基必备知识
(一)重点词汇——分类记忆
Ⅰ.阅读词汇——知其意
1．victim n． 受害者
2．remote adj. 偏远的，偏僻的
3．obtain vt. (尤指经努力)获得；赢得
4．chaos n. 混乱，杂乱，紊乱
5．vacant adj. 空着的，未被占用的；
(职位)空缺的
6．staff n. 全体员工
7．political adj. 政治的；政府的
8．charity n. 慈善机构；慈善，赈济；仁爱，
宽厚
9．commitment n. 承诺，保证；投入，奉献；不得不做的事
10．troublesome adj. 麻烦的，讨厌的，棘手的
Ⅱ.核心词汇——写其形
1．acquire vt. 购得；获得，得到
2．expand vi.& vt. 扩展，发展(业务)；扩大，
增强
3．means n. 手段，方法
4．colleague n. 同事
5．poverty n. 贫穷，贫困
6．voluntary adj. 志愿的；自愿的，主动的
7．crowd n. 人群
vi.& vt. 挤满，塞满，使拥挤
8．remind vt. 提醒，使想起
9．alternative adj. 可供替代的
n. 可供选择的事物
Ⅲ.拓展词汇——通其变
1．lack n．& vt.缺乏→lacking adj.缺乏的；短缺的
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2．description n．描写(文字)，形容，说明→describe vt.描述，形容，描绘
3．addition n．增加；添加→add vt.& vi.添加；相加；增加→additional adj.附加的；另外的
4．equal adj.平等的；同等的 n．同等的人；相等物 vt.与……相同或相等→equality n．平等；同等→equally adv.相等地
5．contribute vt.& vi.捐献，捐赠，捐助；贡献；促成，导致→contribution n．贡献；捐献；投稿→contributor n．贡献者；捐献者；投稿人
6．export n．出口产品，输出品；出口，输出 vt.& vi.出口，输出→import(反义词) n．进口产品；进口 vt.& vi.进口，输入
7．urgent adj.紧急的，紧迫的→urgency n．紧迫，迫切→urge v．催促；极力主张 n．强烈的欲望
8．starvation n．饥饿；挨饿；饿死→starve vt.& vi.(使)饿死，(使)挨饿
9．possession n．个人财产；拥有，具有→possess vt.拥有
10．worthwhile adj.重要的；令人愉快的；值得花时间(或花钱、努力等)→worthy adj.令人敬重的；值得的，相称的；有价值的
1.“伸开，扩展”训练营
①expand 扩展，扩大
②extend 伸出，延伸
③spread 伸开，传播
④stretch 伸展，拉长
⑤enlarge 扩大
2.“经济生活”高频动词
①export 出口；输出
②import 进口；输入
③invest 投资
④bid 出价；投标
⑤distribute 分配；分布
3.“引起，导致”相聚
①cause
②bring about
③lead to
④contribute to
⑤result in
⑥account for
(二)重点短语——记牢用活
1．refer_to 谈及，提到；与……相关，
涉及；查阅，参考
2．in_addition 除……以外(还)，此外
3．draw_someone’s_attention_to 使(某人)察觉到
4．under_the_umbrella_of 在……的保护下，
在……的管理下
5．if_only 但愿
6．break_down 出故障；抛锚
7．in_chaos 处于混乱状态
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8．get_hold_of 得到；抓住
9．remind_somebody_of 让某人想起……，
提醒某人……
10．think_back_to 回想
11．make_a_difference 有作用(关系、影响)
12．contribute...to... 把……捐献给……
13．far_from 离……远；远非，远不是
14．put_up 建造，搭起；张贴
15．take_on 雇用，承担，呈现
16．stop_sb.from_doing_sth. 阻止某人做某事
17．look_up 查阅，向上看
18．be_made_up_of 由……构成/组成
1.“除……以外”家庭
①apart from 除……外(还有/没有)
②aside from 除……外(还有/没有)
③except for 除了(不好的部分)
④except 除……外(不包括)
⑤besides 除……外(还有)
⑥in addition 此外(单独使用)
⑦in addition to 此外
⑧as well as 除……外
2.attention短语展示
①draw one’s attention to...
使某人察觉到……
②call one’s attention to...
提醒某人注意……
③fix one’s attention on...
集中注意力于……
④bring...to one’s attention
使某人注意……
⑤pay attention to 注意
3.think短语大团圆
①think back to回想
②think about 考虑
③think over 仔细考虑
④think of 记起，想起；考虑
⑤think twice 再三考虑
⑥think highly of 对……评价很高
⑦think up 想出，构思出
⑧think out 仔细考虑
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(三)重点句式——背熟巧用
句型公式
教材原句
句型1：主语＋be＋adj.＋to do(主动表被动)
This_land_was_difficult_to_farm but now water has been pumped into the fields.
这块地过去难以耕种，但现在水已经被抽进了地里。
句型2：would rather (that)．..意为“宁愿，更喜欢……”，从句用虚拟语气
I would_rather you hadn’t_told me about it.
我宁愿你没有告诉我这件事。
句型3：if only...常引导虚拟语气的条件句、感叹句
If_only there were more people donating money to charities!
但愿有更多的人捐款给慈善机构！
二、语境强化训练
Ⅰ.语境填词——根据提示写出该词的适当形式
1．He was not only talented but also popular with his colleagues(同事)．
2．The population of Africa is expanding(膨胀) so rapidly as to cause concern of the whole world.
3．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)As you know, to acquire(获得) a good knowledge of Chinese, you should learn more about Chinese culture and history.
4．The Hope Project is designed to help those children who drop out of school because of poverty(贫穷)．
5．Cycling is an absolutely energysaving means(方法) of transportation.
6．They know that our country is in urgent(urge) need of those who have much knowledge.
7．Because of the drought, thousands of people died of starvation(starve) each year in the past.
8．Lacking(lack) adequate sleep, he found it impossible to concentrate his mind on the teacher’s lecture.
9．He has made an important contribution(contribute) to the company’s success.
10．Reminded(remind) not to drive after drinking, some drivers are still trying their luck, which is really dangerous.
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Ⅱ.派生词练习——用所给词的适当形式填空
1．All men are born equal,_so everyone hopes to be treated equally because equality is the basic demand.(equal)
2．I had a sudden urge to tell the boss what was the urgent matter because of the urgency of time.(urge)
3．She has contributed a lot of money to the school and she has made a great contribution to education.(contribute)
4．He is a volunteer for the Red Cross Society of China, always volunteering to do some voluntary jobs.(volunteer)
Ⅲ.选词成篇
make a big difference; in need; remind...of; break down; out of work; in addition; think back to
When I 1.think_back_to the voluntary experiences in the remote mountainous villages, I can’t help feeling sorrowful for the villagers.Most of them were 2.out_of_work.3.In_addition,_there was a shortage of running water, food and heating equipment, as a result of which their health 4.broke_down．The picture on the desk 5.reminds me
of the people in poverty.Everyone should do something to help the people 6.in_need,_and this will 7.make_a_big_difference to their lives.
contribute to; refer to; far from; stop...from...; draw someone’s attention to
The question 8.referred_to at the meeting 9.draws the public’s attention_to the people whose lives are hard. At present, the living standard of people living in remote areas is 10.far_from satisfactory.Especially the poor traffic there has 11.stopped these regions from developing, which 12.contributes_to the poverty.
Ⅳ.完成句子
1．最后但同等重要的是，我心地善良、性格随和，因此容易相处。
Last but not least, I am warmhearted and easygoing; as a result, I’m_easy_to_get_along_with．
2．我宁愿没有和她争论，但是当时我没有控制住我的情绪。
I would_rather_I_hadn’t_argued_with her, but I didn’t control my feelings at that time.
3．但愿他们能把决定告诉我。
If only they would_tell me what they’ve decided.
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[学生用书P167]
lack v．缺乏，缺少 n．缺乏；缺少；不足
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①(福建卷)More and more highrise buildings have been built in big cities for lack of space.
②a.Though lacking(lack) money, his parents managed to send him to a university.
b．Lacking(lack) such experience will constantly trouble you in your business.
[能力提升]——一句多译
他们缺乏与他人交流的能力，因此在比赛中失败了。
③They lacked_the_skill_to_communicate_with_others,_so they failed in the competition.(lack vt.)
④Lacking_the_skill_to_communicate_with_others,_they failed in the competition.(分词作状语)
(1)lack sth. 缺少某物
(a) lack of... ……的缺少
for lack of... 因缺少……
(2)lacking adj. 缺少的；缺乏的
be lacking in 缺少……；……不足
[佳句背诵] One major disadvantage of this area is the lack of public transport.
这个地区的一个主要的不利条件是缺少公共交通。
[名师点津] lack既可以作动词也可以作名词。作及物动词时不能用于被动语态，后面直接接宾语；作名词时，后面常用介词of。
equal v．等于，与……相等；比得上 adj.平等的；胜任的 n. 同等的人或物
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①He is equal to accomplishing(accomplish) the task, for no one equals him in the area. In other words, he is without equal.
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②a.We Chinese people have persistently urged the equality(equal) of nations, big or small.
b．(福建卷)Anyone, whether he is an official or a bus driver, should be equally(equal) respected.
[能力提升]——一句多译
尽管他和他们的身高相同，但在打篮球方面无人能与他匹敌。
③They are of_the_same_height,_but no one can be_equal_to_him_in playing basketball.
④Though he is_equal_to_them_in_height,_no one can equal_him_in playing basketball.
(1)equal sb./sth.(in...) (在……方面) 比得上，与……匹敌；与……相等
be equal to sth./doing sth.(in...) (在……方面)与……相等；能胜任
(2)without (an) equal 无人可比的
(3)equally adv. 同样地；相等地
equality n. 相等；平等
[佳句背诵] In the eyes of the scientist all things are equal.
在这个科学家眼中，一切都是平等的。
[名师点津] 表示“胜任……”的其他常见表达：
①be up to；②be fit for；③be qualified for
contribute vi.& vt.捐献；贡献；捐助
[一词多义]——写出下列句中contribute to的含义
①If you want to contribute to our newspaper, please send me your article before the deadline. 投稿
②(2018·江苏卷)No doubt the theater has contributed to the area’s development and economic growth.促进；有助于
③Eating too much fat contributes to heart disease and causes high blood pressure. 导致
[能力提升]——完成句子
④(2018·北京卷)总之，我为自己对传播中国文化做出的巨大贡献感到自豪。
In conclusion, I was proud of making_great__contributions_to_spreading_Chinese_culture．
(1)contribute...to... 把……贡献给……
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contribute to... 导致……；向……投稿；
促进；有助于……
(2)contribution n. 贡献；捐款；稿件
make contributions/a contribution to...
对……做出贡献
[佳句背诵] Doing small things well contributes to building up our confidence and helping us meet bigger challenges in the future. 把小事做好有助于增强我们的自信心并帮助我们迎接未来更大的挑战。
worthwhile adj.重要的，令人愉快的；值得花时间(金钱、努力等)的
[能力提升]——一句多译
(全国卷Ⅱ)既然你对中国的传统文化感兴趣， 我认为这个节日是值得体验的。
①Since you are interested in traditional Chinese culture, I think this festival is_worth_experiencing．(worth)
②Now that you are interested in traditional Chinese culture, I think this festival is_worthy_to_be_experienced/is_worthy_of_being_experienced．(worthy)
③Since you are interested in traditional Chinese culture, I think it_is_worthwhile_experiencing/to_experience this festival.(worthwhile)
(1)It is worthwhile to do/doing sth.
值得做某事。
(2)be (well) worth doing ……(非常)值得做
be worth the money/an effort/a try/a visit
值得花钱/努力/一试/一游
be worth it 值得一干；值得花精力(或时间)
(3)be worthy＋
alternative adj.供选择的；其他的 n．可能的选择；选择对象
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①The manager said that they had an alternative plan if the plan they had put forward was not accepted.
②The Internet also provides us with a cheap alternative to communicating(communicate) with others.
[能力提升]——词汇升级
③(普通表达)Failure is the mother of success.Sometimes, in order to succeed, we
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have no choice but to face failure bravely and learn from it.
(高级表达)Failure is the mother of success.Sometimes, in order to succeed, we have no alternative but to face failure bravely and learn from it.
(1)have no alternative but to do sth.
别无选择只好做某事
an alternative to... ……的替代物(to是介词)
(2)alternatively adv. 可供选择地
[佳句背诵] I’m afraid I have no alternative but to wait until my parents finally agree to my plan.
恐怕我别无选择，只好等待父母同意我的计划。
[联想发散] “别无选择只好做某事”的表达：
①have_no_choice_but_to_do_sth.；
②can’t_do_sth.but_do_sth.；
③can_do_nothing_but_do_sth.．
possess v．(不用于进行时)拥有；具有；支配
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①The possession(possess) of a happiest man may not be the best, but he knows how to fully enjoy what he had.
②When you get out of the taxi, make sure that none of your possessions(possess) are left behind.
[能力提升]——词汇升级
(普通表达)As far as I know, a young man will have the big company after the old general manager retires.
③(高级表达)As far as I know, a young man will possess/be_in_possession_of/take_possession_of the big company after the old general manager retires.
④(高级表达)As far as I know, the big company will be_in_the_possession_of a young man after the old general manager retires.,
possession n． 拥有，占有[U]；所有物，财产(pl.)
in possession of 拥有……
in the possession of (某物)为(某人)所有
take/have possession of 拥有……；占有……
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[佳句背诵] Not all of us possess earthshaking talent. Just common sense and love will do.
不是所有的人都拥有惊天动地的才干， 只要有常识和爱就够了。
[词块助记] possess wealth 拥有财富
possess many good qualities 具有许多好的特质
lose all his possessions 失去了他所有的财产
means n．手段；方法
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①Students sometimes support themselves by means of doing parttime jobs.
②Every possible means has_been_tried(try), but none has worked.
＝All possible means have_been_tried(try), but none has worked.
③(2019·江苏卷)Besides，the choice of the traditional Chinese dress means(mean) extra money, and extra time, for we have to change it back after the event.
[能力提升]——完成句子
④(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)你最好事先练习用筷子，这也是展示你良好的餐桌礼仪的一种方式。
And you’d better practice using chopsticks in advance, which_is_also_a_means_of_showing_your_good_table_manners．
(1)by this means 通过这种方法
by means of 用……办法；借助……
by all means 一定，务必；好的，当然可以
by no means 决不，一点也不(位于句首时，句子用部分倒装)
(2)a means of communication
一种通讯/交流工具
(3)mean v. 意味着；意思是
[佳句背诵] I wish that you could grasp this opportunity, which is a means of learning traditional Chinese culture further. 我希望你能抓住这个机会，这是进一步学习中国传统文化的一种途径。(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)
[名师点津] means是单复数同形的名词，其谓语动词的数取决于means 前的修饰语。
remind vt.提醒；使想起
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①You must remind him to_take(take) his medicine in case he forgets.
②This photo album serves as a reminder(remind) of the most important moments
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of my life.
[能力提升]——完成句子
③老师的话让我想起了“有志者，事竟成”这句名言。
What the teacher had said reminded_me_of_the_famous_saying,_“Where there is a will, there is a way.”
(1)remind sb. of sth. 提醒某人某事
remind sb. to do sth. 提醒某人做某事
remind (sb.) that... 提醒(某人)……
(2)reminder n. 提醒者；提醒物
[佳句背诵] However，her dad reminded her that sugary treats were bad for her teeth. 然而，她爸爸提醒她，甜食对牙齿不好。(2019·北京卷)
refer to 查阅，参考；谈到，提起；涉及，指的是
[一词多义]——写出下列句中refer to的含义
①(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)The trend, then, was toward the “penny paper”—a term referring to papers made widely available to the public.指的是
②If necessary, you may refer to your notes while making a speech.查阅，参考
③The scientist referred to global warming at least three times in his speech.谈到，提及
[能力提升]——完成句子/句式升级
任正非被称为中国最优秀的企业家之一。新闻里提到的那个人就是他。
④Ren Zhengfei is_referred_to_as one of the greatest entrepreneurs in China. The person referred_to in the news is him.
⑤The person referred_to_in_the_news_is_Ren_Zhengfei,_who_is_referred_to_as_one_of_the_greatest_entrepreneurs_in_China．(过去分词短语作定语和非限制性定语从句),
(1)refer to...as... 将……称为……
(2)reference n. 提及；参考；查阅
[佳句背诵] ①You’d better write down the phone number of that restaurant for future reference.
你最好把那家餐厅的号码写下来，以备日后参考。(江西卷)
②Don’t always refer to the dictionary when coming across new words.Only if a word is very important can you look it up in your dictionary.
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当遇到生词时不要总是查词典，只有当一个单词非常重要时，你才可以在词典中查阅。
[名师点津] “查词典”，表达方式却不同： refer to a dictionary, look sth.up in the dictionary。
break down 分解；(机器等)出故障；(身体等)垮掉；(情感等)失控；(谈判等)失败；打破，消除
[一词多义]——写出下列句中break down的含义
①(陕西卷)He had to pause from time to time to wipe the sweat from his forehead, because the airconditioning system broke down.(机器)出故障
②(朗文辞典)If Tim carries on working like this, he’ll break down sooner or later.(身体)垮掉
③(湖北卷)To understand the grammar of the sentence, you must break it down into parts.分解
④(天津卷)The two countries are going to meet to break down some barriers to trade between them.消除
⑤(湖北卷)He broke down as he thought of his failure to sell all his papers.失控,
break in 强行进入；打断(谈话)，插嘴
break into 闯入，破门而入
break out 爆发，突然发生
break through 突破；克服，战胜
break up 解散；结束；拆散
[佳句背诵] Mother broke into my room and told me not to stay up or I would break down.
妈妈闯进我的房间，告诉我不要熬夜了，否则身体会垮掉的。
make a difference 区别对待；有影响；起(重要)作用
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①What you have said will make no difference to the naughty boy.
②Clearly that has to make some difference(different) in reference work.
③To_tell(tell) the difference, experts suggest asking these six questions.
[能力提升]——词汇升级
④(普通表达)I will help clean up the roadside litter whenever possible. I hope my behavior will work.
(高级表达)I will help clean up the roadside litter whenever possible. I hope my behavior will make_a_difference．
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(1)make no difference (to sb./sth.)
对……没有作用或影响
make some difference (to sb./sth.)
对某人/物有些作用或影响
(2)tell the difference 分辨；区分；区别
[佳句背诵] There is no doubt that only when we match our words with actions can we make a difference in our life.
毫无疑问，只有言行一致我们才能在生活中产生影响。
主语＋be＋adj.＋to do(主动表被动)
(教材P49)This land was difficult to farm but now water has been pumped into the fields.
这块地过去难以耕种，但现在水已经被抽进了地里。
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①As far as I’m concerned, this complex sentence is not easy to_explain(explain), so I want you to help me.
②A man who is so difficult to_please(please) must be hard to get along with.
[能力提升]——完成句子
③未来是一个值得憧憬的梦， 但现在才是我们真正拥有的。
The future is a dream which is pleasant to_look_forward_to；but what we have is now.
(1)在本句型中不定式的主动形式表被动意义；不定式和句子的主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系；如不定式是不及物动词，则要在动词之后加适当的介词。
(2)常用于该句型的形容词有difficult, hard, easy, comfortable, pleasant, interesting，exciting, (im)possible等。
[佳句背诵] It’s much more comfortable and safer to travel by highspeed train in China now.
现在在中国乘高速列车旅行更舒适、更安全。
if only常引导虚拟语气的条件句、感叹句
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(教材P57)If only there were more people donating money to charities!
但愿有更多的人捐款给慈善机构！
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①Now many children are abandoned to computer games. If only they had(have) interest in reading books.
②If only I would/could/might_be(be) able to study at a key university next year.
③It’s too bad that I failed in the English exam. If only I had__worked(work) hard at it!
[能力提升]——完成句子
④只有通过使用英语的方法学英语，你才能学好它。
Only if you learn English by using it can_you_learn_it_well．
if only意为“要是……就好了，但愿”，常用来表示强烈的愿望和遗憾，它引导的句子要用虚拟语气。
(1)表示与现在事实相反的愿望时用if only sb. did/were ...
(2)表示与过去事实相反的愿望时用if only sb. had done ...
(3)表示对将来事情的愿望时用if only sb. would/could/might do ...
[名师点津] only if意为“只要；只有”，引导条件状语从句。另外，only if位于句首时，句子要用部分倒装。
[学生用书P171]
维度一 在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式
1．Every possible means has_been_used(use) to prevent the air pollution，but the sky is still not clear.
2．Starting and keeping friendship requires effort and commitment(commit)．
3．Those air conditioners are our bestselling products because they are easy to_handle(handle) and work with little noise.
4．Only when we match our words with actions can we make a difference(different) in whatever we hope to accomplish.
5．There are some areas of poverty(poor)，but the country as a whole is fairly prosperous.
维度二 在空白处填入1个适当的单词
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1．After a month’s training, he became equal to the work as a tractor driver.
2．She broke down when she heard the news, but she quickly recovered.
3．After the failure of electricity supply, the city was in chaos.
4．The scenery was so beautiful that it was almost beyond description.
5．You need money and time; in addition, you need diligence.
维度三 语境品词(写出加黑词汇在语境中的意义)
1．(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)Chinese models are the faces of beauty and fashion campaigns that sell dreams to women all over the world, which means Chinese women are not just consumers of fashion—they are central to its movement.意味着
2．(2017·江苏卷)The disappearance of dinosaurs is not necessarily caused by astronomical incidents. But alternative explanations are hard to find.其他的
3．Tom, the top student of our class, thinks studying is a very worthwhile work.值得做的
4．Marie Curie made great contributions to the development of science，but money and reputation made no sense to her.贡献
5．(2018·北京卷)But compared with previous studies, she finds the speed of breaking down in this one exciting. (机器等)出故障
维度四 易错误用(改正下列句子中的错误)
1．Experience is equal as valuable as theory.equal→equally
2．It is worthy to spend money in educating the children.worthy→worthwhile
3．The fact is that the big house is in possession of my uncle.在in后加the
4．I failed in the exam.If only I have taken your advice.have→had
5．The secretary was afraid that I might forget the meeting，so I was reminded it once again.在reminded后加of
6．The program can contribute to promote the local economy in my hometown.promote→promoting
7．Job is not only a mean of living, but it is also a way of experiencing life.mean→means
8．If he takes on this work，he will have no alternative but meet an even greater challenge.在meet前加to
维度五 完成句子
1．健康问题与不良的饮食习惯和缺乏锻炼密切相关。
Health problems are closely connected with bad eating habits and a_lack_of_exercise．
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2．我们盼望汽车被一些不太危险的交通工具代替的那一天。
We look forward to the day when the car will be replaced by some less dangerous means_of_transport．
3．总裁在会议上讲了将近一个小时，且没有参考他的笔记。
The president spoke at the meeting for nearly an hour without_referring_to_his_notes．
4．他们正在组织一个活动，目的是引起人们的关注来保护野生动物。
They are organizing an event to draw_people’s_attention_to_protecting_wild_animals．
5．(湖北卷)一些小事会产生很大的影响。我们做的一些小事能使我们成为有责任心的社会成员。
Small_things_make_a_big_difference．The small things we do can make us a responsible member of the society.
6．压在箱底的那些旧照片使我回忆起了我们一起度过的那些快乐的旧时光。
The old photos buried at the bottom of the suitcase reminded_me_of_those_happy_old_days we had spent together.
7．如果你用现金买电脑，可以打5%的折扣，此外，我们可以免费送货。
If you pay for the computer in cash, you could have a 5%discount；in_addition,_we can deliver it to you for_free．
提能一 语段填空(短文中黑体部分为本单元核心知识点，请补全短文，并背诵体会黑体部分用法)
Being 1.lacking(lack) in practical experience can be a big obstacle when you find 2.a job. So if you want to be equal 3.to the post you want to apply for, you’d better make preparations in advance. In my opinion, it is worthwhile 4.to_be/being(be) a volunteer, which 5.contributes(contribute) to your obtaining experience. In 6.addition(add), being a volunteer can also expand your horizon and make a 7.difference(different) to others’ lives. There are lots of posts 8.offered(offer) on our website, 9.which you can refer to for more detailed information. If only you 10.could(can) find one suitable for yourself. Good luck.
提能二 话题写作(用本单元词汇、句式和语法知识写满分作文)
1．补全要点句(黑体部分请用本单元所学词汇)
①全世界有13多亿人生活在难以描述的贫困之中。
More than 1.3 billion people around the world live in poverty
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beyond_description．
②他们食品不足，教育匮乏，很多人处于饥饿的状态。
They are_lacking_in food and education and many people are in a state of starvation.
③另外，他们得不到足够的资金来创办自己的企业。
In_addition,_they can’t get enough funds to start their own businesses.
④许多慈善组织和个人注意到了这一情况。
This situation draws_the_attention_of many charities and individuals.
⑤他们向那些需要帮助的人捐献了很多钱。
They have_contributed_a_lot_of_money_to those in need of help.
⑥一些志愿者也为他们做了一些志愿工作。
Some volunteers also have done some_voluntary_work for them.
2．升级平淡句
⑦用形容词短语作状语升级②
Lacking___in___food___and_education,_many_people_are_in_a_state_of_starvation.
⑧用并列连词合并④⑤
This_situation_draws_the_attention_of_many_charities_and_individuals_and_they_have_contributed_a_lot_of_money_to_those_in_need_of_help.
3．衔接成美文(注意使用适当的过渡衔接词汇：luckily)
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One possible version：
More than 1.3 billion people around the world live in poverty beyond
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description. Lacking in food and education, many people are in a state of starvation.In addition, they can’t get enough funds to start their own businesses.Luckily, this situation draws the attention of many charities and individuals and they have contributed a lot of money to those in need of help.Some volunteers also have done some voluntary work for them.
课时练1 2篇阅读＋1篇完形
[学生用书P371(单独成册)]
阅读理解
A
(2020·江淮十校联考) I was waiting for my train and on the subway station’s floor was a man just sitting there. I looked around and nobody stopped so I just went my way. After a few steps, I turned and asked him whether he needed help. He told me his house was one station further and he would only need to take the train there. So I reached for his hand to help him stand up.
He wanted to take the stairs but I feared that he would hurt himself since he seemed too weak to walk, so I asked him to take the elevator. Even though my mind was trying to turn the danger lights on, I put the thought that I should not go alone with a drunken man out of my mind and accompanied him on the elevator.
We arrived on the platform with no incidents. The man’s knees seemed to soften, so I asked him to rest on a bench. While sitting there, he thanked me, telling me that I saved him. No, I said, I really did nothing; he saved himself as he walked on his own feet.
At the next station, we said our goodbyes. Before I knew it, he left 100 dollars and dashed out of the train. There was no way to give him back his money. I wanted to leave it on the seat, but a young woman who thought it belonged to me ran after me and gave me the note.
My initial reaction to getting that money was of shame and I even felt offended. Then I thought he just wanted to thank me, the best way he knew how. Now, my question is—what act of kindness shall I do with these 100 dollars?
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。作者在地铁站台看到有个醉汉坐在地上，于是把对方搀扶起来并陪他坐上地铁，临下车的时候对方塞给作者一百美元，作者准备用这笔钱继续帮助别人。
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1．Why was the man sitting on the subway station’s floor?
A．Because he wanted to go home.
B．Because he was seriously ill.
C．Because he was drunk.
D．Because he was waiting for the train.
C 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段第二句中的“I put the thought...with a drunken man”可知，这个人坐在地铁站的地上是因为喝醉了，故选C。
2．Seeing the money left by the man, the author first felt ________．
A．ashamed B．grateful
C．delighted D．frustrated
A 解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句中的“My initial reaction...was of shame”可知，作者看到这笔钱最初的反应是感到羞愧，故选A。
3．How will the author possibly deal with the money?
A．Give it back.
B．Buy something favorable.
C．Leave it on the seat.
D．Give it to people in need.
D 解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句“Now, my question is...do with these 100 dollars？”可推知，作者下一步要用这笔钱去帮助他人，故选D。
B
(2020·合肥第二次质检)
A simple project to help a family in need stopped Luke Mickelson in his tracks. In 2012, he and his family were inspired to build and donate a bunk bed, one bed on top of the other, after learning there were local children who slept on the floor. Shocked to discover how widespread this need was in his community, Mickelson founded Sleep in Heavenly Peace, a nonprofit that builds and delivers beds to children in need.
Born and raised in Idaho, Mickelson, now 41, had a thriving career. He coached his kids’ sports teams and fished in the nearby river. But when he met children who were sleeping on the floor, his peaceful life changed course.
Using safety guidelines and his daughter’s bunk bed as a model, Mickelson started buying wood and supplies to build beds with his own money. He recruited
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friends and family members to help around the holidays. As the word spread, interest and involvement from his and other communities flooded—along with Mickelson’s bunk bed output. “That first project, we built 11 bunk beds in my garage，” he said. “The next year, we did 15. Then it doubled every year. In 2017, we built 612 bunk beds.”
With the motto “No kid sleeps on the floor in our town”， the nonprofit and its more than 65 branches have built and delivered more than 1，500 free beds to children across America. But along with the rapid growth, Mickelson was faced with a tough choice: advancing his career or his nonprofit. He chose the latter and went from making “great money to zero money”. He’s never looked back. “I found that the need I have isn’t financial，” he said. “The need I have is seeing the joy on kids’ faces, knowing that I can make a difference.”
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。Mickelson为了让自己社区的无床可睡的孩子们能够有床睡觉，成立了一个公益组织“Sleep in Heavenly Peace”。
4．Why did Mickelson set up Sleep in Heavenly Peace?
A．To help the poor children.
B．To make a big fortune.
C．To inspire his community.
D．To get more donations.
A 解析：细节理解题。根据文章的第一段，尤其是最后一句中的“Mickelson founded Sleep in Heavenly Peace, a nonprofit that builds and delivers beds to children in need”可知，Mickelson创建这个非营利组织是为了帮助贫困儿童。
5．What do we know about Luke Mickelson?
A．He had his own fish farm.
B．He changed his career from time to time.
C．He used to sleep on the floor when he was a kid.
D．He originally had a relaxing and pleasant life.
D 解析：推理判断题。根据文章的第二段，尤其是最后一句“But when he met children who were sleeping on the floor, his peaceful life changed course.”可推知，Mickelson一开始过着轻松、舒适的生活。
6．How did other people react to Mickelson’s project?
A．They showed little interest in it.
B．They were supportive and involved in it.
C．They were doubtful about the safety of the bunk bed.
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D．They volunteered to buy beds with their own money.
B 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“He recruited friends and family members to help around the holidays. As the word spread, interest and involvement from his and other communities flooded”可知，Mickelson的朋友和其他家庭成员都来帮忙，随着消息的传播，更多人参与进来。由此可知，人们对Mickelson创建的这个组织非常支持，并且积极参与。
7．What is Mickelson’s attitude to the nonprofit?
A．Ambiguous. B．Defensive.
C．Cautious. D．Positive.
D 解析：观点态度题。根据文章最后一段，尤其是“The need I have...make a difference.”可知，Mickelson想要看到孩子们脸上的喜悦，他知道他在做一些有影响的事。由此可推知，他对这个组织持积极的态度。
完形填空
(2020·广东高三六校联考)
Dear teenage boy at the skate park，
You’re probably about 15 years old, so I don’t expect you to be very __1__ to want a little girl on your skate ramp(坡道) for that matter.
What you don’t know is that my daughter has been wanting to skateboard for months. I actually had to __2__ her that skateboarding wasn’t __3__ for boys. So when we walked up to the skate park and saw that it was full of teenage boys who were smoking and __4__， she immediately wanted to __5__ and go home.
I __6__ wanted to go too because I didn’t want to have to put on my mom __7__ and exchange words with you. I also didn’t want my daughter to feel like she had to be __8__ of anyone.
So when she said，“Mom, it’s full of __9__ boys.” I calmly said，“So what? They don’t __10__ the skate park.” She then went down the ramp in spite of you and your friends __11__ past her.
She only had two or three runs before you __12__ her and said “Hey, excuse me...” I immediately prepared to deliver my “She’s __13__ to use this park just as much as you guys” __14__ when I heard you say，“Your __15__ are wrong. Can I help you？”
You spent almost an hour with my daughter showing her how to __16__， and you held her hand and helped her get up when she fell down.
I know you live nearby and I am proud that you are part of my __17__， and I
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want to thank you for being __18__ to my daughter. Finally she left the skate park with a sense of __19__ and with the confidence that she can do __20__， because of you.
Jeanean Thomas, Cambridge
【解题导语】 作者带女儿去滑板公园学习滑滑板，公园里都是抽烟、说脏话的男孩子，女儿想要回家；作者鼓励女儿，女儿滑了几圈后一个男孩主动提出帮助女儿学习滑滑板，最后女儿带着自豪和自信离开了公园。作者因此特地给男孩写了这封感谢信。
1．A.loyal B．naughty
C．sincere D．considerate
D 解析：根据语境可知，作者并没有期望这个才15岁的男孩会体贴到想让一个小女孩出现在他的坡道上。故选D。
2．A.warn B．remind
C．convince D．inform
C 解析：通读下文可知，作者鼓励女儿在满是男孩子的公园练习滑滑板，故此处表示作者让女儿相信滑板运动不仅仅适合男孩子。convince“使相信”。故选C。
3．A.just B．even
C．yet D．ever
A 解析：参见上题解析。
4．A.inquiring B．swearing
C．dancing D．negotiating
B 解析：根据句中的“smoking and”和下文小女孩看到这些男孩就想要回家可推知，swear“说脏话”符合语境。
5．A.get along B．escape
C．turn around D．compete
C 解析：根据上文可知，公园里都是吸烟、说脏话的男孩子，并结合空后的“and go home”可知，看到这样的场景女儿立即想转身回家。turn around意为“转身”，故选C。
6．A.secretly B．exactly
C．generally D．finally
A 解析：上文提到了女儿想转身回家，本句中的too表示作者也想回家，但是下文作者并没有和女儿回家，因此这里表示“我暗自也想回家”，故选A。
7．A.look B．voice
C．status D．competence
B 解析：根据句中的“exchange words with you”并结合语境可知，此处表示“我不想以母亲的口吻和你争论”。put on my mom voice这里指“以母亲的口吻”。
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competence“能力，胜任”。
8．A.guilty B．aware
C．scared D．ashamed
C 解析：根据上文可知，公园里都是吸烟、说脏话的男孩子，由此可推知，女儿对此感到害怕。scared“害怕”符合语境。guilty“内疚的”；aware“意识到的”；ashamed“羞愧的”。
9．A.skillful B．young
C．quiet D．older
D 解析：根据第一段中的“a little girl”和第二段中的“full of teenage boys”可知，这些男孩比作者的女儿大。
10．A.care B．move
C．make D．own
D 解析：根据该句中的“So what？”并结合语境可知，此处表示“那又怎样？他们又不拥有这个滑板公园”。
11．A.flying B．driving
C．floating D．diving
A 解析：根据上文并结合语境可知，男孩们滑着滑板从作者女儿旁边飞驰而过，此处用fly形容他们的滑速很快。
12．A.impressed B．recognized
C．approached D．encouraged
C 解析：根据该句中的“Hey, excuse me”可知，这个男孩走近作者的女儿和她说话。approach“走近，靠近”。
13．A.invited B．allowed
C．delighted D．accustomed
B 解析：根据空后的“to use this park just as much as you guys”并结合语境可知，作者想告诉这个男孩，她的女儿也可以使用这个场地。allow sb. to do sth.“允许某人做某事”。
14．A.speech B．excuse
C．message D．comment
A 解析：根据句中的“deliver my”可知，此处应用speech。deliver a speech意为“发表讲话”，这里指告诫对方的言辞。
15．A.feet B．tools
C．marks D．senses
A 解析：根据语境并结合常识可知，那个男孩说作者女儿的脚不对。
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16．A.react B．answer
C．balance D．calculate
C 解析：根据空后的“held her hand and helped her get up when she fell down”可知，男孩教作者的女儿如何保持平衡。react“作出反应”；balance“保持平衡”；calculate“计算”。
17．A.story B．memory
C．family D．community
D 解析：根据句中的“I know you live nearby”可知，男孩也是作者所在社区的一员。
18．A.fair B．kind
C．similar D．responsible
B 解析：根据上文可知，男孩教作者的女儿滑滑板，故这里表示男孩对作者的女儿很友好。
19．A.duty B．pride
C．sorrow D．humor
B 解析：根据下文中的“with the confidence”可推知，作者的女儿离开公园时很自豪，故选B。
20．A.nothing B．little
C．enough D．anything
D 解析：根据语境并结合选项可知，此处表示因为那个男孩，作者的女儿有信心做任何事情。
课时练2 1篇阅读＋1篇七选五
＋1篇改错＋1篇书面表达
[学生用书P373(单独成册)]
阅读理解
(2020·皖南八校联考)My neighbor Orlando is a paramedic(护理人员). He and his wife are some of the nicest people I have ever met. A few years back we started this sort of “favor war”， where one of us would do something for the other, such as shoveling(铲) his driveway or helping him build a shed, and next time the other would try to top it with another favor.
Yesterday morning there was maybe 2 or 3 feet of snow on the ground and I remembered he shoveled my driveway for me last snowfall. So I took out my shovel and took care of both our sidewalks and driveways because it was my turn to do a favor back. It took a while but I finished and got into my car for work. What I didn’t
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realize was that Orlando had to work that day too.
Fast forward to this morning I got a knock on my door. It was him. He immediately shook my hand and informed me that because I shoveled his driveway and sidewalk for him, he was able to get to work earlier. As soon as he started his shift, a call came through that a young boy was in a medical emergency. Luckily he and his partner were only about 2 minutes away, but the next closest ambulance was in 10 minutes. This kid did not have 10 minutes. He barely had 2 minutes. Because my neighbor got to work sooner, the young boy got to live his life.
This isn’t a brag(吹嘘). This is to inform others that even the smallest favors can have the biggest impacts. It wasn’t too much of trouble to shovel his driveway for him, but because I did, the young kid got to see his family again, go back to school again, talk to his friends again and live his life.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。“我”和邻居Orlando总是互相帮助，这次下雪，“我”帮助他铲除了道路上的积雪，让他能很快去上班。一个等待急救的男孩在他的及时救治下摆脱了危险。“我”的善举救了孩子一命。
1．What can we know about the writer and Orlando?
A．They once had a conflict.
B．They signed a favorable agreement.
C．They favor shoveling snow together.
D．They are always ready to help each other.
D 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段第三句“A few years back we started this sort of ‘favor war’， where one of us would do something for the other, such as shoveling(铲) his driveway or helping him build a shed, and next time the other would try to top it with another favor.”可知，几年前我们就开始这种“互助活动”，一个人帮助另一个人之后，下一次便由对方提供帮助；据此可知，作者和Orlando总是乐意互相帮助，故D项正确。
2．Who saved the boy before it was too late?
A．The writer.
B．The boy’s parents.
C．Orlando and his wife.
D．Orlando and his partner.
D 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段第五句“Luckily he and his partner were only about 2 minutes away, but the next closest ambulance was in 10 minutes.”，并结合该段内容可知，Orlando和他的搭档离医院只有大约两分钟的车程，
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他们很快上班挽救了男孩的生命，故D项正确。
3．What does the writer intend to tell us?
A．Never ask for trouble.
B．No favor is too small.
C．One cannot always be lucky.
D．Don’t lose heart in an emergency.
B 解析：写作意图题。通读全文，尤其是尾段第二句“This is to inform others that even the smallest favors can have the biggest impacts.”可知，本文是为了告诉读者，即使是最小的帮助也能产生最大的影响，故B项正确。
七选五
(2020·贵阳普通高中监测)Sleeping well is important to your physical and mental health. However, you might not be able to control the factors that affect your sleep. Here are some habits you can adopt to encourage better sleep.
Stick to a sleep schedule. 1.________. The recommended amount of sleep for a healthy adult is at least seven hours. Most people don’t need more than eight hours in bed to achieve this goal.
Pay attention to what you eat. Don’t go to bed hungry or full. In particular, avoid heavy or large meals within a couple of hours of bedtime. 2.________．
3．________. Create a room that’s ideal for sleeping. Often, this means cool, dark and quiet. 4.________. Avoid long use of screens just before bedtime. Consider using roomdarkening shades, earplugs, a fan or other devices to create an environment that suits your needs. Doing calming activities before bedtime, such as taking a bath or using relaxation techniques, might promote better sleep.
Include physical activity in your daily routine. Regular physical activity can promote better sleep. 5.________. Spending time outside every day might be helpful, too.
A．Work out a good plan
B．Stick to a balanced diet
C．Create a restful environment
D．Your discomfort might keep you up
E．Set aside no more than eight hours for sleep
F．Avoid being active too close to bedtime, however
G．Exposure to light might make it more challenging to fall asleep
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了保证良好睡眠的几个好习惯。
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1．E 解析：根据下文“The recommended amount of sleep for a healthy adult is at least seven hours.”可推知，此处表示所需要的睡眠时间，与选项E呼应，故选E项。
2．D 解析：根据上文可知，要避免睡前饿着肚子或吃得过饱，或是睡前几个小时吃油腻的食物或大餐，这会让人不舒服，自然就睡不好了，与选项D呼应，故选D项。
3．C 解析：根据空处所在位置可知，空处为主题句。根据该段内容可知，该段介绍了营造舒适的睡眠环境的重要性，故选C项。
4．G 解析：根据空前一句“Often, this means cool, dark and quiet.”可推知，在灯亮着的情况下是不利于睡眠的，故选G项。
5．F 解析：与上文“Regular physical activity can promote better sleep.”形成呼应可推知，此处表示睡前太活跃反而不利于睡眠，故选F项。
短文改错
(2020·湖北八市联考)Many traditional arts were losing nowadays, because some of whom are being replaced by modern products. I feel extreme sorry about the losing arts. In my opinions, they are classic and their charm will never fade away. Take my grandma for the example. She is better at papercutting which was learnt from her mother. When I found my grandma had this skill, I was so surprised and curious it. I asked my grandma to teaching me the skill. During the process, I found that this art was brilliant, but I was attracted by it. Some traditional arts like papercutting should be keeping.
答案：
Many traditional arts losing nowadays, because some of are being replaced by modern products. I feel sorry about the losing arts. In my ， they are classic and their charm will never fade away. Take my grandma for example. She is at papercutting which was learnt from her mother. When I found my grandma had this skill, I was so surprised and curious it. I asked my grandma to me the skill. During the process, I found that this art was brilliant, I was attracted by it. Some traditional arts like papercutting should be .
书面表达
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(2020·唐山摸底考试)为弘扬中国传统文化，增强青少年的民族自豪感，某中学生英语杂志开设了“中国传统节日”专栏，面向广大同学征集稿件。你想投稿，介绍中秋节，内容包括：
1．时间；
2．庆祝方式；
3．意义。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2．开头已给出，不计入总词数；
3．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
MidAutumn Festival is a very important Chinese festival.__________________________
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One possible version：
MidAutumn_Festival_is_a_very_important_Chinese_festival. Falling on the 15th day of the 8th lunar month, the festival is intended to celebrate the harvest and it is also a time to enjoy the moonlight.
Usually, each family observes some common practices. Bathed in the shiny moonlight, the whole family will sit together, admiring the full moon and enjoying delicious mooncakes. In Chinese tradition, mooncakes stand for reunion, happiness and wellbeing of each family. Children often gather around their parents and grandparents, listening to stories about Chang’e and Yutu with interest.
MidAutumn Festival is a festival for family reunion. No matter how far away people are from their hometown, they will manage to get back for a family gettogether.
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