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3年高考2年模拟1年原创精品系列
专题06 动词时态及其语态
【2017年高考命题预测】
动词的时态和语态是历年高考的重点，是高考的必考点。应特别注意以下几点：
要把握各种时态的特点，注意易混淆时态间的差异；准确理解具体语境下时态的正确意义，捕捉句子中所隐含的时间信息；要克服汉语式的惯性思维，排除误导，培养发散性思维。
高考中常考的时态有一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、过去将来时、现在完成时、过去完成时、将来进行时、现在完成进行时、过去完成进行时等等。
学习时要注意总结规律，灵活使用，特别要注意一些时态的特殊用法。高考主要以单项填空、语法填空、短文改错等形式考查，动词的时态和语态在语法填空和短文改错中是必考点。
今后时态和语态还将是高考中的重点和难点所在。
【考点定位】2017考纲解读和近几年考点分布
动词时态和语态是两个非常重要的语法范畴，构成了英语语法的基本框架，几乎所有动词的考查都必须要借助于时态和语态来完成。试题在考查时态和语态的同时，还兼顾其它语法内容的测试，比如各种从句、强调、倒装等，其交叉式和复合式的特点尤为明显。其考点主要包括：
1、考查时态的基本概念。如：一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在完成时、将来进行时等。
2、考查各种时态之间的区别。如：一般过去时和现在完成时；一般现在时与现在进行时；一般过去时和过去完成时等。
3、考查不能用被动语态的几种情况。如：
（1）所有的不及物动词或不及物动词词组不能用于被动语态之中。
（2）表示状态的谓语动词，如：last、hold、benefit、contain、equal、fit等。
（3）表示归属的动词，如have、own、belong to等。
（4）表示“希望、意图”的动词，如：wish、want、hope、like、love、hate等。
（5）宾语是反身代词或相互代词时谓语动词用主动语态，不能用被动语态。
4、考查主动形式表被动意义的情况。
（1）当feel、look、smell、taste、sound等后面接形容词时；
（2）当cut,sell,read,write,fill,cook,lock,wash,drive,keep等词带状语修饰语时；
（3）当break out、take place、shut off、turn off、work out等动词表示“发生、关闭、制定”
等意思时；
（4）want, require, need后面的动名词用主动表示被动含义。
（5）be worth doing用主动形式表示被动含义。
（6）在“be + 形容词 + to do”中，不定式的逻辑宾语是句子的主语，用主动代被动。
另外：be to blame(受谴责)，be to rent（出租）也用主动形式表被动。
【考点pk】 名师考点透析
考点一、一般现在时与现在进行时
1．一般现在时
（1）考查表示按时间表将要发生的动作或事件
例1—Look at the timetable. Hurry up! Flight 1026 _______ off at 18: 20.
A. takes B. took C. will be taken D. has taken
（3）考查表示普遍真理、事实
例4Months ago we sailed ten thousand miles across this open sea, which _______ the Pacific, and we met no storms.
A. was called B. is called
C. had been called D. has been called
【解析】尽管我们横渡太平洋是几个月前的事情，但是海洋的名称是存在的事实，所以用一般现在时，答案是B。
2．现在进行时
（1）考查表示现在或现阶段正在进行的动作或发生的事
例5． I have to go to work by taxi because my car _______ at the garage.
A. will be repaired B. is repaired
C. is being repaired D. has been repaired
【解析】句中的谓语动词是现在时态，所以现在汽车正在被修理，故答案选C。
例6．Since I won the big prize, my telephone hasn’t stopped ringing. People _______ to ask how I am going to spend the money.
A. phone B. will phone C. were phoning D. are phoning
【解析】因为我获了奖，所以这段时间老有人给我打电话怎样花这笔钱，答案应是D。
（3）考查表示某个按最近的计划或安排将要进行的动作、即将开始或结束的动作
常用的这类动词有：go, come, leave, arrive, land, meet, move, return, start, stay, stop, give, change, fly, work等。
例7．Ladies and gentlemen, please fasten your seat belt. The plane _______.
A. takes off B. is taking off
C. has taken off D. took off
主要考查表示过去某个特定时间或某一段时间发生的动作或情况
例8It’s said that the early European playing-cards ________ for entertainment and
education.
A. were being designed B. have designed
C. have been designed D. were designed
2．过去进行时
（1）考查表示过去某一时刻或某阶段正在发生的动作，强调未完成
例10—Has Sam finished his homework today?
—I have no idea. He _______ it this morning.
A. did B. has done C. was doing D. had done
【解析】从对话中不知道Sam有没有完成作业，所以今天上午他正在做，正确答案为C。
（2）考查表示过去某一时间将要发生的动作
例11—What were you doing when Tony phoned you?
—I had just finished my work and _______ take a shower. A. had started B. started C. have started D. was starting
【解析】“我”刚刚完成手头的工作，将要去洗澡，所以答案是D。
一般过去时与过去进行时的区别如下：
一般过去时：完成性
过去进行时：未完成
考点三、现成完成时与现在完成进行时
（2）考查表示一个从过去某个时间开始，延续到现在的动作
例13．My friend, who _______ on the International Olympic Committee all his life, is retiring next month.
A. served B. is serving C. had served D. has served
【解析】此题中的时间状语all his life 说明我的朋友从过去到现在一直在奥委会工作，答案应是D。
例14．My brother is an actor. He _______ in several films so far.
A. appears B. appeared C. has appeared D. is appearing
考点四、 主动表示被动的三种情况
1. 不及物动词与状语连用，用以表示主语的品质和状态。
常见动词是：cut, sell, read, write, fill, cook, lock, wash, drive, keep等。
2. 一些连系动词的主动式＋形容词。
常见动词是：look, smell, taste, sound, feel, prove, turn out等。
请同学们看下面一道题：
例16．The roast duck_______delicious and a lot_______in two hours.
A. was tasted； was sold
B. tasted； was sold
C. was tasted； sold
D. tasted； would sell
【解析】根据所给情景，taste应为连系动词，英语中连系动词不用被动语态，所以第一空填tasted，后半句意为“烤鸭两小时内被卖掉很多”，所以答案为B。
上题可以变化如下：
3. 五个“发生”： happen, take place, occur to, break out，come about等。
例18．______is well known to everyone, the Olympic Games_______every four years.
A. It; are held B. As; take place
C. That; happen D. As; break out
【三年高考】 14、15、16高考试题及其解析
2016年高考试题
【单项填空】
1.【2016·北京】21. Jack ________ in the lab when the power cut occurred.
A. works B. has worked C. was working D. would work
【答案】C
【解析】
试题分析：题目考查时态。句意：突然断电时，杰克正在实验室里工作。根据occurred可知，这里指过去某时刻正在发生的事情，断电时，杰克正在工作，综合用过去进行时，故选C。
考点：考查时态
【名师点睛】
一、过去进行时的构成：was/were+动词的现在分词(--ing)
二、过去进行时的用法：
1、表示在过去某时刻正在进行或发生的动作，通常与表过去的时间壮语连用。
例如：At this moment yesterday, I was packing for camp.
昨天这个时候，我正在收拾东西去露营。
2、表移动的动词，如come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return等词的过去进行时，可以表示过去将要发生的动作。
例如：She told me that she was going to Hainan for her holiday. 她告诉我她将去海南度假。
3、在含有时间状语从句的复合句中，表示一个过去的动作发生时或发生之后，另一个动作正在进行。
例如：It was raining when they left the station. 他们离开车站时，正下着雨。
When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun was shining. 我到达山顶时，阳光灿烂。
4、在叙述或描写过去的事情时，过去进行时经常与其它过去时态，特别时是一般过去时连用。但是过去进行时往往是表示背景。
例如：One night, he was typing in his study. Suddenly, a man broke into his house and cut off the electricity.
一天晚上，他正在书房里打字。突然，一个人闯进屋来，切断了电源。
2.【2016·北京】23. —Excuse me, which movie are you waiting for?
—The new Star Wars. We ________ here for more than two hours.
A. waited B. wait C. would be waiting D. have been waiting
【答案】D
考点：考查时态
【名师点睛】
现在完成进行时由“助动词have/has been+ -ing形式”构成。用法如下：
1. 现在完成进行时表示过去的动作持续到现在并有可能延续下去的动作。常和for，since引导的时间状语连用。
-Hi, Tracy, you look tired.
-I am tired. I have been painting the living room all day.
They have been living here for 10 years. 他们住在这里十年了。
2. 表示一个动作从过去某时开始，一直延续到说话时候刚结束。
I have been waiting you for about one hour.。(说话时"等"的动作刚结束)
She has been working all night long.
3. 表示重复（只断断续续，而非一直不停）
We’ve been discussing the matter several times this year.
I have been saying goodbye to some friends today.
3.【2016·北京】25. I ________ half of the English novel, and I’ll try to finish it at the weekend.
A. read B. have read C. am reading D. will read
【答案】B
考点：考查时态
【名师点睛】
现在完成时基本用法：
1、表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，常与already, yet, ever, never, just，before 等词连用。
例如：Have you ever cooked at home? 你吃晚饭了吗？
You have already grown much taller.你已经长高了许多。
2、表示过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态。往往和表示一段时间的时间状语连用，常用的有：for＋一段时间；since+过去时间点或从句。（Since 用来说明动作起始时间，for用来说明动作延续时间长度），提问用How long.
例如：It has been five years since he joined the army .他参军五年了。
They have learned English for eight years .他们已学了八年的英语了。
3、现在完成时需注意的问题：
○1表示短暂性的动词不能与表示一段时间的状语连用appear, begin, borrow, lend, buy, close,
come, die, fall, find, finish, join, kill, leave, sell, stop等。
例如：He has joined the army for five years. （错误）
He has been in the army for five years.(正确)
注意：非延续性动词的否定形式可以与表示延续时间的状语连用。即动作不发生的状态是可以持续的。
（错）I have received his letter for a month.
（对）I haven't received his letter for almost a month.
○2不能和明确的过去时间状语连用，如：yesterday, last week, in 1998,two days ago等。
○3have/has been to 和have/has gone to 的区别：
have/has been to 去过某地，现在已经回来；
have/has gone to 去了某地，在去的路上或已经在那里。
○4比较一般过去时与现在完成时
一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或状态，强调动作，不和现在发生联系，常与具体的过去时间状语连用，如yesterday, last week，…ago, in1980, in October, just now等，；现在完成时表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果，强调的是现在的情况，不能与表过去的时间状语连用。
I saw this film yesterday. （强调看的动作发生过了）
I have seen this film. （强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了）
Why did you get up so early? （强调起床的动作已发生过了）
He has been a League member for three years. （强调他是团员）
现在完成时考点分析：
①现在完成时除可以和for、since引导的状语连用外，还可以和下面的介词短语连用：during / in /over the last(past)few years (months, weeks)、in recent years等。
②下列句型中常用现在完成时
It is (has been) + 一段时间 + since从句
This(That / It)is the first(second…)time that + 完成时
This(That / It)is the only … + that + 完成时
This(that / It)is the best / finest / most interesting … + that 从句 + 完成时
③在时间或条件状语从句中，现在完成时可以代替一般将来时。如：
I shall post the letter as soon as I have written it.
If you have done the experiment, you will realize the theory better.
Don’t get off the bus until it has stopped.
4.【2016·北京】30. The students have been working hard on their lessons and their efforts
________ with success in the end.
A. rewarded B. were rewarded C. will reward D. will be rewarded
【答案】D
考点：考查时态和语态
【名师点睛】
一般将来时
①表示未来的动作或状态常用will / shall + 动词（常与表示将来的时间状语边用如tomorrow、next week等）。
②表示一种趋向或习惯动作。
We’ll die without air or water.
③表示趋向行为的动词如come、go、start、begin、leave等词常用进行时的形式表示将来时。
④be going to与will / shall, be to do, be about to do用法及区别：
A shall / will do表示未事先考虑过，即说话时临时作出的决定。
B be going to 表示现在打算在最近或将来要做某事，这种打算往往经过事先考虑，甚至已做了某种准备；
be going to 表将来，不能用在条件状语从句的主句中；而will则能，表意愿。如：
If it is fine, we’ll go fishing.(正确)
If it is fine, we are going to go fishing.(错误)
C be to do sth.表按计划、安排即将发生的动作，还可表示吩咐、命令、禁止，可能性等。
A meeting is to be held at 3:00 o’clock this afternoon.
D be about to do sth.表示“即将或者正要去做某事”，通常不与时间状语连用,但可与when引导的从句连用，构成常考句型：sb was about to do when sb did sth。
Autumn harvest is about to start.
被动语态的构成
一般式
进行式
完成式
现在时
am/is/are+p.p
am/is/are+being+ p.p
have/has+been + p.p
过去时
was/were+ p.p
was/were+being+ p.p
had +been + p.p
将来时
shall/will+be+p.p
shall/will+have been+ p.p
注意：
含有情态动词的谓语变化为被动语态：由“情态动词（can, may must, have to等）+be +动词的-ed形式构成。
含有“be going to , be to, used to, be about to”等结构的复合谓语变为被动语态：其构成为“be going to （be to, used to, be about to）+ be +动词的-ed形式”。
5.【2016·江苏】22.More efforts, as reported, ______in the years ahead to accelerate the supply-side structural reform.
A. are made B. will be made C. are being made D. have been made
【答案】B
【解析】
试题分析：考查时态语态。句意：正如报道的那样，在未来几年将做出的努力，以加速供给结构改革的速度。本句的时间状语“in the years ahead在未来的几年里”和将来时连用，且efforts与动词make构成被动关系，所以使用被动语态。所以要使用一般将来时的被动语态形式，故B正确。
考点：考查时态语态
6.【2016·江苏】29.Dashan, who_________crosstalk, the Chinese comedic tradition, for decades, wants to mix it up
with the Western stand-up tradition.
A. will be learning B. is learning C. had been learning D. has been learning
【答案】D
考点：考查时态
7.【2016·天津】3. When walking down the street, I came across David, when I _____ for years.
A. didn’t see B. haven’t seen C. hadn’t seen D. wouldn’t see
【答案】C
【解析】
试题分析：句意：当沿着街道散步的时候，我遇见了多年未见的David。根据语境，“not see”这个动作发生在come across之前，是过去的过去发生的动作，用过去完成时。故选C。
考点：考查动词时态。
【名师点睛】英语中的时态主要由动词的形式决定，因此在学习英语时态时，要注意分析动词形式及具体语境，想象在那个特定的时间动作所发生的背景，这个动作是经常性动作、一般性动作、进行性动作、完成性动作还是将要发生的动作。过去完成时是一个相对的时态，表示过去的过去的动作，还有一个特点就是和过去的一段时间搭配。
8.【2016·浙江】9. Silk ______ one of the primary goods traded along the Silk Road by about 100 BC.
A. had become B. was becoming C. has become D.is becoming
【答案】A
考点：考查动词时态。
【名师点睛】动词的时态、语态是选择题中必考内容之一，动词的各种时态形式都可能考到，不过最常考的是一般现在时态，一般过去时态，现在进行时态，以及一般将来时态，现在完成时态，同时还常与非谓语动词一起考查，做语法填空题时，首先要判断括号中所给动词是谓语动词还是非谓语动词，如本小题第一个空就是考查谓语动词；若是谓语动词，就要考虑时态、语态、语气(陈述语气还是虚拟语气)、主谓一致四个方面，本小题考查过去完成时，从三个方面来进行判断：
1. 看句子中的时间状语或时间状语从句，本小题时间状语是by about 100 BC，故判断是过去完成时。
2. 在没有时间状语或时间状语从句时，要看上下文的谓语动词的形式。
3. 看是否是特殊句型等。如：It was+the first time+that从句中用过去完成时。
【语法填空】
1.【2016·全国新课标I】阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
So it was a great honour to be invited backstage at the not-for-profit Panda Base, where ticket money helps pay for research, I_____62_（allow）to get up close to these cute animals at the 600-acre centre.
62. was allowed考查时态和语态。根据句意可知作者是被允许走近这些动物， be allowed to do sth“被允许做某事”。
2.【2016·全国新课标III】阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
Confucius believed knives would remind people of killings and 49 (be) too violent for use at the table.
49. were考查时态。根据句意可知，这里指的是刀子因太暴力而不适合在餐桌上使用，believed后跟一个宾语从句，and连接了两个并列的谓语，主语knives是复数，根据时态一致的原则，这里用一般过去时，故填were。
3.【2016·上海】(B)
In recent years, stress(33)______(regard) as a cause of a whole range of medical problems, from high blood pressure to mental illness.
4.【2016·四川】阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
The giant panda 41 (love) by people throughout the world.
Then,after two and a half years,the mother 49 (drive)the young panda away.
41.is loved 句意：大熊猫被全世界的人喜欢。根据句意可知用一般现在时态的被动语态，The giant panda是单数第三人称形式，故填is loved。
49.drove 句意：然后，两年半后妈妈让小熊猫离开。根据句意可知用一般过去时态，故填drove。
【短文改错】
1.【2016·全国新课标I】短文改错（10 分）
Some people even had to wait outside
3. had →have 考查动词时态。 文章是介绍现在的情况，应该用一般现在时。
2.【2016·全国新课标II】短文改错（共10小题，每小题1分，满分10分）
We can chose between staying at home and take a trip.
2.chose改为choose 考查句子结构。“情态动词+动词原形”才可以在句中作为谓语部分，而本句中chose是过去式。
3.【2016·全国新课标III】短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）
They always tell me what to do and how to do it.
56. tell—told考查时态。通篇回忆过去的事情，使用的一般过去时，故把tell改为told。
4.【2016·四川】短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）
Mom was grateful and moving.
10.moving---moved 句意：妈妈即感激有感动。故把moving---moved。
5.【2016·浙江】短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）
He would ask who we was and pretend not to knowing us.
70.【答案】was改成were
【解析】
试题分析： 这句话的主语是we，谓语用复数，而且这篇文章是作者回忆小时候的事情，用一般过去时。故was改成were。
考点：考查主谓一致
71.【答案】knowing改成know
【解析】
试题分析：pretend后面接不定式作宾语，这里是否定式pretend not to do。故knowing改成know。
考点：考查动词不定式
2015年高考试题
1.【2015·北京】22.--Did you enjoy the party?
--Yes,we___by our hosts.
A.were treated B.would be treated. C.treated D.had treated
【答案】A
【考点定位】考查动词的时态及语态。
【名师点睛】本题考查时态和语态，本题需要先看句子中有没有明确的时间状语，然后再看有没有相关的词，比如隐藏的时间点，和一些动词的过去式。解答时态语态题时，学生需要注意结合上下文语境，找出相关提示词来判断时态；并且分析出主语和动词是主谓关系还是动宾关系。
2.【2015·北京】26.In the last few years,China ___ great achievements in environmental protection.
A.has made B.had made C.was making D.is making
【答案】A
【解析】
试题分析：句意：在过去的这些年里，中国在环境保护中取得了很大的成就。由时间状语in the last few
years可推知动作从过去一段时间持续到现在并对现在造成影响，用现在完成时。故选A。
【考点定位】考查时态。
【名师点睛】判断时态可以从时间状语入手，题干中的in the last few years为现在完成时的时间标志词。类似的还有over/ for/ during the last/ past years/months…均为现在完成时的时间标志，所以做此类题时，需要先看句子中是否有明确的时间点，然后我再判断时态。
3.【2015·北京】27.—Did you have difficulty finding Ann' house?
—Not really.She___us clear directions and we were able to find it.easily?
A.was to give B.had given C.was giving D.would give
【答案】B
【考点定位】考查时态。
【名师点睛】本题考查学生对时态的掌握情况，现在完成时和过去完成时都是考试中常出的考点。分析前后两句两个动作，判断出后者的动作发生在前者的动作之前，是过去的过去，用过去完成时。
4.【2015·北京】30. —Dr. Jackson is not in his office at the moment.
—All right. I____ him later.
A. will call B. have called C. call D will be calling
【答案】A
【解析】
试题分析：句意：——Dr.Jackson现在不在办公室。——好的，我待会再打给他。由later可知，表示的是将来要执行的动作，用一般将来时。故选A。
【考点定位】考查时态。
【名师点睛】本题根据对话形式进行时态考查，句中包含的时间状语是解答此题的突破点。所以要做好此类题，一定要注意题中有没有明确的时间点，或者其他可以代替时间点的词，所以根据时间状语可以看出正确答案。
5.【2015·重庆】1. —Is Peter coming?
—No, he____ his mind after a phone call at the last minute.
A. changes B. changed C. was changing D. had changed
【答案】B
【解析】
试题分析：句意：彼得来了吗？没有，刚才接到一个电话后改变主意了。根据at the last minute在最后一秒可能发生在过去，故用一般过去时。
【考点定位】考查动词的时态。
【名师点睛】动词的时态一直是热点，需要根据时间状语来进行确定，但本题要根据当时的语境来进行再次确认，才得到答案。首先看到第一句话Is Peter coming来了吗？可知彼得还没有来，而下句话at the last minute最后一刻，符合一般过去时的用法中的，第一条：一般过去时表示过去某个特定时间发生，并且一下子就完成了的动作（即：非持续性动作）。
6.【2015·重庆】13. In my hometown, there is always a harvest supper for the farmers after all the wheat____ cut.
A. will have been B. will be C. was D. has been
【答案】D
【考点定位】考查动词的时态
【名师点睛】 现在完成时现在完成时由“have/has+过去分词”构成，主要有两个含义： ①表示动作发生在过去，但与现在的情况有联系，有时无时间状语，有时和一些表示不确定的过去时间状语连用②表示从过去某一时间开始一直延续到现在并还可能继续延续下去的动作，用于延续性动词，且句中常带有表示一段时间的时间状语。
7.【2015·浙江】8. Albert Einstein was born in 1879. As a child, few people guessed that he a famous scientist whose theories would change the world.
A. has been B. had been C. was going to be D. was
【答案】C
【解析】
【考点定位】考查动词时态
【名师点睛】分析4个选项可以知道，该题考查的其实是不同的时态。掌握英语的时态和语态，必须掌握好英语中的助动词(do, be, have)和时间状语这两个核心问题，如本题的1879, would change的提示。另外也要结合使用语境综合分析选项，最终得出答案。
8.【2015·天津】9. Despite the previous rounds of talks, no agreement______ so far by the two sides.
A. has been reached B. was reached
C. will reach D. will have reached
【答案】A
【解析】
试题分析：句意：尽管之前多轮谈判，但到目前为止双方没有达成任何协议。根据句中的时间状语so far“到目前为止”可知用现在完成时。主语agreement与reach为被动关系，根据句意可知选A。
【考点定位】考查时态。
【名师点睛】本题考查时态。现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,也可表示过去已经开始,一直延续到现在的动作或状态。分析此题只需要牢牢抓住时间状语so far“到目前为止”，从而判定出所应当运用的时态。
9.【2015·天津】6. Jane can’t attend the meeting at 3 o’clock this afternoon because she ______ a class at that time.
A. will teach B. would teach
C. has taught D. will be teaching
【答案】D
【解析】
试题分析：句意：简不能参加今天下午3点钟的会议，因为她那个时候在一个班上课。根据句中的时间状语at that time，指代at 3 o’clock this afternoon，表示在将来的某一时刻正在做某事，故用将来完成时。故选D。
【考点定位】考查时态。
【名师点睛】本题考查时态。将来进行时主要表示将来某一时间正在进行的动作，或表示要在将来某一时间开始，并继续下去的动作。分析此题需抓住时间状语，以及that time所代指的时间，再联系所学将来进行时所应用的范围及句意可以选择正确的答案。
10.【2015·四川】4.More expressways in Sichuan soon to promote the local economy.
A. are being built B. will be built C. have been built D. had been built
【答案】B
【考点定位】考查时态
【名师点睛】本题考查时态。英语中的时态是靠动词的变化来体现的，在具体做题时，需要关注的是时间状语。因此，考生在做本题时，需要先找出时间状语soon，然后才能准确判断时态是一般将来时。通过观察选项可知，选项A是现在进行时；选项B是一般将来时；选项C是现在完成时；选项D是过去完成时。故选择B。
11.【2015·陕西】24. At college, Barack Obama didn’t know that he the first black president of the United States of America.
A. was to become B. becomes C. is to become D. became
【答案】A
【解析】
试题分析：句意：在大学的时候，奥巴马不知道他将成为美国第一个黑人总统。用过去将来时表示过去某个时间将要发生的事情，所以选A。
【考点定位】考查过去将来时
【名师点睛】英语中的时态主要由动词的形式决定，因此在学习英语时态时，要注意分析动词形式及具体语境，想象在那个特定的时间动作所发生的背景，这个动作是经常性动作、一般性动作、进行性动作、完成性动作还是将要发生的动作。这题的解题关键是didn’t know。
12.【2015·陕西】22. Mary really hard on his book and thinks he’ll have finished it by Friday.
A. worked B. has been working C. had worked D. has worked
【答案】B
【解析】
试题分析：句意：Marty一直努力写书，我想他到周五为止将已经完成了。用现在完成进行时表示从过去到现在一直进行的动作。所以选B。
【考点定位】考查现在完成进行时
【名师点睛】英语中的时态主要由动词的形式决定，因此在学习英语时态时，要注意分析动词形式及具体语境，想象在那个特定的时间动作所发生的背景，这个动作是经常性动作、一般性动作、进行性动作、完成性动作还是将要发生的动作。现在完成进行时表示从过去到现在一直进行可能还要继续进行的动作。
13.【2015·福建】30.—Where is Peter? I can't find him anywhere.
—He went to the library after breakfast and his essay there ever since.
A. wrote B. had written C. has been writing D. is writing
【答案】C
【考点定位】考查现在完成进行时
【名师点睛】时态的考查在高考题的应用中也是无处不在的，时态本身的考查也是千变万化的，本题旨在考查学生对现在完成进行时的理解和用法的熟悉程度，要求结合语境进行分析，根据句子的意思可以判断出当前应该使用哪一种时态，本题中也有一定的暗示时态的标志ever since，从而可以判断出应该用现在完成进行时。
14.【2015·福建】26.To my delight, I from hundreds of applicants to attend the opening ceremony.
A. was chosen B. was being chosen C. would choose D. had chosen
【答案】A
【解析】
试题分析：考查时态和语态。根据句意：让我高兴的是，我从成百上千的参加者中被选中参加开幕式。可以知道这里应该是被动语态，又因为被选中是过去发生的事情，这里只是对过去发生的事情的一般描述，故用一般过去式，故选A。
【考点定位】考查时态和语态辨析。
【名师点睛】本题旨在考查句子的时态和语态，要求学生明确地掌握各个时态的定义以及它们在时间上的划分段和用法，以及不同语态的用法。时态也是高考题的一个重点。辨明句子的时态，一是看句子中有没有明确表示时态的关键词，另一个方法就是结合句意判断动词的发生时间是在什么时候。
15.【2015·江苏】30.The real reason why prices ____ , and still are, too high is complex, and no short discussion can satisfactorily explain this problem.
A. were B. will be C. have been D. had been
【答案】A
【解析】
试题分析：句意：过去和现在价格一直居高不下的真正原因很复杂，简短的讨论解释这一问题无法让人满意。根据题干中“and still are”的提示可知过去价格也居高不下，故用一般过去时，表示过去的状态。故选A项。
【考点定位】考查动词时态
【名师点睛】做时态题时，考生应抓住时态标志词，即题干中明显的时间状语或已有动词的时态，利用时态呼应的原则迅速锁定正确答案。本题中已有动词的时态为一般现在时，still暗示前面用一般过去时与此呼应。C项容易误选，这里现在完成时表示从过去到现在一直是这种状态，包括了现在，与后面的一般现在时有重复部分，故排除。
16.【2015·安徽】29.It is reported that a space station ______ on the moon in years to come.
A. will be building B. will be built C. has been building D. has been built
【答案】B
【考点定位】考查时态
【名师点睛】本题考查时态。做时态类的题目，需要从句中找出时间状语，没有时间状语时，需要结合句意来判断句子的时态。根据“in years to come”可知，这里说的是将来的事情，且空间站是被建造的，space station和build是动宾关系，应该用被动语态。
17.【2015·安徽】24.Just as I got to the school gate, I realised I ______ my bank in the cafe.
A. have left B. had left C would leave D. was leaving
【答案】B
【解析】
试题分析：句意：我刚一到学校门口，就意识到我把书落在餐馆了。realized后省略了that，这里是一个宾语从句，从句时态与主句保持一致，“落下”的动作发生在“意识到”之前，应该用过去完成时，故选B。
【考点定位】考查时态
【名师点睛】本题考查时态。宾语从句的“三要素”是连接词、时态和语序。连接词主要可分为三种，即that；if/whether；what/how/when/where等；宾语从句用陈述句语序；宾语从句的时态要与主句保持一致，发生在“过去的过去”的动作，用过去完成时。
18.【2015·湖南】28.He must have sensed that I ________ him. He suddenly glanced at me and said quietly, "Why are you staring at me like that?"
A. would look at B. looked at C. was looking at D. am looking at
【答案】C
【考点定位】考查时态。
【名师点睛】根据选项可以知道，该题考查的其实是不同的时态。掌握英语的时态和语态，必须掌握好英语中的助动词(do, be, have)和时间状语这两个核心问题，如根据本题的He must have sensed和He suddenly glanced at me and said quietly提示。另外也要结合使用语境综合分析选项，最终得出答案。
19.【2015·湖南】25.I wasn't able to hide my eagerness when I ________, "What do you wish me to do now?"
A. ask B. have asked C. am asking D. asked
【答案】D
【解析】
试题分析：一般过去时表示过去某个时间里发生的动作，常和表示过去的时间状语连用。此题主句的时态为一般过去时，表示这个事情和动作发生在过去，故从句时态也要用一般过去时。句意：我不能隐藏我的渴望，当我问道，“你现在希望我做些什么？”故选D
【考点定位】考查时间状语的时态。
【名师点睛】分析4个选项可以知道，该题考查的其实是不同的时态。掌握英语的时态和语态，必须掌握好英语中的助动词(do, be, have)和时间状语这两个核心问题，如本题的I wasn't able to是一个提示。另外也要结合使用语境综合分析选项，最终得出答案。
20.【2015·湖南】22.As you go through this book, you ________ that each of the millions of people who lived through World War II had a different experience.
A. will find B. found C. had found D. have found
【答案】A
【解析】
试题分析：一般将来时表示将要发生的动作或情况。在一般将来时的句子中，有时有表示将来时间的状语，有时没有时间状语，这时要从意思上判断是否指未来的动作或情况。句意：当你通读这本书的时候，你将会发现成千上万的经历过二战的每个人都有不同的经历。根据句意，判断主语的时态为一般将来时，故选A
【考点定位】考查时态。
【名师点睛】本题旨在考查句子的时态，要求学生明确地掌握各个时态的定义以及它们在时间上的划分段和用法。“助动词will或shall+动词原形”这一形式，表示将来发生的事情，用于征求对方的意见或表示客气的邀请。现在完成时表示到说话时为止（或到现在为止）已经发生或完成了（不一定结束）的动作或状态，共有四种主要用法：一、现在完成时表示影响；二、现在完成时表示持续；三、现在完成时表示重复；四、现在完成时表示将来。而在此题中As you go through this book是一个现在时了，所以后文就不能出现过去时或过去完成时。虽然在此题中没有明确的时间状语，但从意思上还是可以理解出来的。
21.【2015·湖南】35.That's why I help brighten people's days. If you ________， who's to say that another person will?
A. didn't B. don't
C．weren't D．haven't
【答案】B
【考点定位】考查动词的时态。
【名师点睛】一般现在时:表示通常性、规律性、习惯性的状态或者动作（有时间规律发生的事件）的一种时间状态；在一般现在时中,当主语是第三人称单数时,谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式,即常在动词原形后加-s或-es.在本题目中，可以从这个角度来判断，主将从现是指在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，如果主句是一般将来时，从句用一般现在时替代一般将来时。比如：条件状语从句的主句是一般将来时，那么从句常常用一般现在时 如： When I grow up, I’ll be a nurse and look after patients 我长大后要当一名护士，照顾病人。
22.【2015·湖南】32.I had a strong desire to reach in and play with the toy, but ________ thankfully by the shop window.
A. am held back B. held back
C．hold back D．was held back
【答案】D
【考点定位】考查动词的时态和语态。
【名师点睛】
【名师点睛】分析4个选项可以知道，该题考查的其实是不同的时态。掌握英语的时态和语态，必须掌握好英语中的助动词(do, be, have)和时间状语这两个核心问题，如本题的判断, 根据主句中的had可知时态是一般过去时。另外也要结合使用语境综合分析选项，最终得出答案。
2014年高考试题
1.【2014·全国大纲卷】22. Unless some extra money________, the theatre will be close.
A. was found B. finds C. is found D. found
【答案】C
【解析】
试题分析：考查动词的时态和语态。句意：除非找到一些额外的钱，否则，剧院就倒闭了。根据主句的将来时态可知，状语从句用一般现在时代替一般将来时，因为find和money之间是被动关系，所以用一般现在时的被动语态。故选C。
考点：考查动词时态和语态。
2.【2014·全国大纲卷】32.The reports went missing in 2012 and nobody _____them since.
A. sees B. saw C. has seen D. had seen
【答案】C
【解析】
试题分析：考查动词时态。句意：那些报告于2012年丢失了，从那以后没有人见过它们。此题解题的关键词是后面的since，此处意为：从那以后。这是现在完成时的标志。故选C。
考点：考查动词时态。
3.【2014·重庆卷】4. You’d better write down her phone number before you _______ it.
A. forget B. are forgetting C. forgot D. will forget
【答案】A
【解析】
试题分析：本题意为：记下电话号码以免忘记。before引导一个表示“将来”的时间状语从句。英语的时间状语从句中不用will do.排除D项。B项表示“据安排或计划近期要做某事”；C项表示“过去”。故本题选择A项。
考点：动词时态和语态。
4.【2014·重庆卷】8. James has just arrived, but I didn’t know he _______ until yesterday.
A. will come B. was coming C. had come D. came
【答案】B
考点：考查动词时态的语境运用。
5.【2014·北京卷】32. I found the lecture hard to follow because it _______ when I arrived.
A. started B. was starting
C. would start D. had started
【答案】D
【解析】
试题分析：本题考查动词时态。句意：我发现演讲很难懂，因为当我到达的时候，演讲已经开始了。根据题干信息，“不能跟上演讲的原因是，我到达的时候演讲已经开始”，“到达”为过去时，“已经开始”应该用过去完成时。所以选D。
考点：考查动词时态
6.【2014·北京卷】--- What time is it?
--- I have no idea. But just a minute, I ______ it for you.
A. check B. checked
C. will check D. would check
【答案】C
【解析】
试题分析：本题考查动词时态。句意：——什么时间了？——我不知道。一会儿，我给你查查。根据题干信息，说话人不知道几点，但是“将去核实一下”。所以本题应选一般将来时，即C。
考点：考查动词时态的用法
7.【2014·北京卷】22. ---Hi, let’s go skating.
--- Sorry, I’m busy right now. I _______ in an application form for a new job.
A. fill B. have filled
C. am filling D. will fill
【答案】C
考点：考查动词时态
8.【2014·天津卷】11. We won’t start the work until all the preparations __________.
A. are being made B. will be made C. have been made D. had been made
【答案】C
【解析】
试题分析：句意：我们得等到所有的准备工作都做好了才能开始工作。are being 是现在进行时的被动形式；will be made 是一般将来时的被动形式；have been made是现在完成时的被动形式，用于强调动作产生的影响；had been made是过去完成时的被动形式 。本题是主将从现的用法。主句是将来时时，从句用现在时或相当于现在的时态；现在完成时强调过去对现在的影响或动作从过去一直持续到现在。所以选C。
考点：考查动词时态辨析。
9.【2014·山东卷】1. Writing out all the invitations by hand was more time-consuming than we______.
A. will expect B. are expecting C. expect D. had expected
【答案】D
【解析】
试题分析：从语境看，写请柬这个动作已经发生是过去的动作，预期的动作是发生在写请柬的过去，所以要用过去完成时。句意为：手写这些请柬比预期的要费时的多。答案选择D。
考点：考查时态和语态。
【知识拓展】时态的选择要根据语境中提示的时间状语进行选择，或根据句意体会所要填的动词的动作发生在什么时候从而确定时态。在选择过去完成时时，句子中常会有相应的一个过去时作为参考，而要填的动词的动作发生在这个过去的动作之前，才能用过去完成时。
10.【2014·山东卷】5. They made up their mind that they______ a new house once Larry changed
jobs.
A. bought B. would buy C. have bought D. had bought
【答案】B
【解析】
试题分析：once引导的是条件状语从句，根据主句将来时从句一般现在时的用法可知，从句一般过去时，主句应是一般将来时的过去时。句意为：他们打算只要Larry换了工作他们就买新房子。故答案选B。
考点：考查时态和语态。
11.【2014·江西卷】24. ----Tony, why are your eyes red?
---I __ up peppers for the last five minutes.
A. cut B. was cutting C. had cut D. have been cutting
【答案】D
【知识拓展】各时态的区别：
① 一般过去时，纯粹讲述过去发生的动作或状态，跟现在没关联，通常都要有表示过去的时间状语。如：The engine stopped because the fuel was used up.
② ②过去进行时，表示在过去某一时刻正在发生的动作或该动作与过去的另一动作同时发生或表示过去一段时间内正在进行的动作等。如：He was watching TV at home from 3:00 to 5:00 yesterday afternoon.。
③ ③过去完成时，表示某一动作或状态在过去某一时间之前或过去某一动作之前已经完成。句中常用by引导的时间状语或以 before, until, when, than等词引导的内含一般过去时的时间状语从句；或表示一个动作或状态在过去某一时刻之前就已开始，一直持续到这一过去时间，还可能再持续下去（但跟现在没联系）。如：John and Jane had known each other for a long time before their marriage.
考点：考查动词时态
12.【2014·四川卷】9. She ______ someone, so I nodded to her and went away.
A. phoned B. had phoned C. was phoning D. has phoned
【答案】C
考点：考查动词时态和语态。
13.【2014·福建卷】23.—Haven't seen you for ages! Where have you been?
—I went to Ningxia and there for one year, teaching as a volunteer.
A. stayed B. stay C. had stayed D. am staying
【答案】A
【解析】
试题分析：and连接并列谓语。And之前是一般过去时。所以and之后也要用一般过去时来保持时态的一致，故用动词的过去式，所以选A。句意：上文，好久没见到你了！你去哪里了？下文，我去了宁夏，并且在那里待了一年，作为一名志愿者在那里教书。
考点：考查动词时态。
14.【2014·江苏卷】23. —How much do you know about the Youth Olympic Games to be held in Nanjing?
—Well, the media ________ it in a variety of forms.
A. cover B. will cover C. have covered D. covered
【答案】C
【解析】
试题分析：考查动词时态用法。根据句意可以判定出，本题用现在完成时态，强调过去的事情对现在的影响还存在。句意：——关于将在南京举办的青奥会你了解多少？——嗯，媒体已经用各种形式进行了报道。故C正确。
考点：考查动词时态用法
15.【2014·陕西卷】22. During his stay in Xi’an, Jerry tried almost all the local foods his friends ________,
A. would recommend B. had recommended
C. have recommended D. were recommending
【答案】B
【解析】试题分析：考查时态。题干中的tried动作在过去发生，朋友“推荐”动作应该发生在tried动作之前，表示“过去的过去”用过去完成时。如：He said he had been there for several times
他说他去过那里几次了。“had been there”发生在“said之前”。故此处选B。
考点：考查时态。
16.【2014·安徽卷】23．The twins, Who their homework, were allowed to play badminton on the playground.
A. will finish B. finish
C. have finished D. had finished
【答案】D
【知识拓展】
考点：考查时态
过去完成时：即过去的过去所发生的事情！其构成是主语+had +过去分词。过去完成时的时间状语before, by, until , when, after, once, as soon as。表示过去某一动作之前已经完成的动作，常与由when，before等连词引导的时间状语从句连用。用于宾语从句或间接引语中，某些动词的过去完成时表示一个打算要做却没有做成的事。这类动词有：intend打算，hope希望，plan计划，mean预定，want想要， think想要，等。用于表示与过去事实相反的虚拟条件从句中
17.【2014·湖南卷】28. Since the time humankind started gardening, we _____to make our environment more beautiful.
A. try B. have been trying
C. are trying D. will try
【答案】B
【解析】
试题分析：考查动词时态。Since 作为介词,后接某一确定的时间点,主句谓语动词是持续性动词,常与现在完成时态、现在完成进行时态或过去完成时态连用。句意：自从人类开始园艺，我们一直尽力使我们的环境更美丽。故B正确。
考点：考查动词时态
18.【2014·湖南卷】34. Whenever you a present, you should think about it from the receiver’s point of view.
A. bought B. have bought C. will buy D. buy
【答案】D
考点：考查动词时态用法
19.【2014·浙江卷】11. Sofia looked around at all the faces: she had the impression that she _____ most of the guests before.
A. has seen B. had seen C. saw D. would see
【答案】B
【试题分析】before与完成时连用，根据动词had可知这里用的是过去式，而这里动词see发生在had之前，所以应是过去的过去，故应该用过去完成时。故选B。句意：Sofia向周围看了看所有的人，她对于以前见过的大多数客人都有印象。
考点：考查动词时态。
【两年模拟】2015、2016名校模拟题及其答案解析
2016年模拟题
1. 【江苏省如东高级中学2016届高三上学期期中考试】A good interviewer is able to tell very quickly if you’ve done your homework about the company, so make sure you !
A. do B. have C. will do D. did
【答案】B
【解析】
试题分析：考查动词。句意：一个优秀的面试官能够很快判断出你是否做了功课去了解公司，因此一定要确保你做了准备。故选B。这儿“make sure you have”是“make sure you have done your homework about the company”的省略。
考点：省略句
2.【江苏省如东高级中学2016届高三上学期期中考试】One of the firms I applied to has offered me a job but I _____ my options open until I hear from the others.
A. have kept B. will have kept C. am keeping D. keep
【答案】C
考点：考查动词时态
3. 【江苏省如东高级中学2016届高三上学期期中考试】At the age of 14, Father had to leave school and start working. There would be no one to support the family _______ he not worked.
A. did B. has C. had D. was
【答案】C
考点：考查动词时态
4.【江苏省如东高级中学2016届高三上学期期中考试】—The dinner was very good. I am so full.
—That’s too bad. But some dessert ________.
A. has been ordered B. will be ordered C. was going to order D. has ordered
【答案】A
【解析】
试题分析：考查动词的时态及语态在交际中的应用。句意：——晚餐很好吃。我都吃这么饱了。——这可太糟糕了。都已经点了一些甜点心了。根据主语与谓语动词的关系可知是被订购，于是排除选项C和D；选项A表示已经发生的事情，同时又是被动语态；选项B表示将要发生的事情；根据前面的That’s too bad.可知，事情已经发生，于是正确答案选A。
【名师点拨】
book预定(表示预定机票、船票、戏票等票和预定房间)； order预定(表示预定饭菜)。
考点：考查动词的时态及语态在交际中的应用
5. 【 江苏省淮安市淮海中学2016届高三9月月考】 As you know, I have just returned from my holidays in Athens, where I _____ for a fortnight.
A. stayed
B. had stayed
C. would stay
D. was staying
【答案】A
【解析】
试题分析：考查动词的时态和语态。句意：你知道我刚从雅典的假期回来，我在那停留了两个星期。根据句意可知现在已经回来，没有继续延续下去，所以用一般现在时，所以选A。
考点：考查动词的时态和语态
6. 【 江苏省淮安市淮海中学2016届高三9月月考】 The British increased control over their American colonies, soldiers ________ there to ensure that the Americans would obey them.
A. were stationed
B. to be stationed
C. being stationed
D. stationed
【答案】D
【解析】
试题分析：考查动词的时态和语态。句意：英国人加强了对美国殖民地的控制，士兵们安置在那里确保美国人服从他们。 这里过去分词做伴随状语，所以用stationed，故选D。
考点：考查动词的时态和语态
7.【江苏省盐城市2016届高三上学期期中考试】Nowadays a strange, new dilemma faces Chinese pedestrians: should you help an elderly person who ________ into the street?
A. is falling B. has fallen C. had fallen D. was falling
【答案】B
考点：考查时态
8.【江苏省五校联考2016届高三英语第二次英语试题】—Could you say something about Turkey’s downing of the Russian fighter jet?
—Sorry. It ______ by a group of experts and will be made clear the moment they get the answer.
A. has been investigated B. is being investigated
C. was investigated D. was being investigated
【答案】B
【解析】
试题分析：考查动词时态。上句：你能说一些关于土耳其击落俄罗斯战机的情况吗？下句：对不起。这件事正在被一个调查组调查。故选B。
考点：考查动词时态
9．【浙江省杭州市五校联盟2016届高三年级上学期第一次诊断】 -Mum，I always feel
everything is unfair to me．
--Complaints in life ________ no sense，for things will be what they should be．
A． make B． have made C． will make D． are making
【答案】A
【解析】
试题分析：句意：— 妈妈，我总觉得一切对我都是不公平。— 埋怨生活毫无意义，因为事情该怎样就会怎样。本句是一般现在时，说明现阶段的状况。故选A。
考点：考查动词时态。
10．【浙江省杭州市五校联盟2016届高三年级上学期第一次诊断】--- Do you remember when I first met you?
---- Of course. I ___________ at Oxford University.
A. studied B. had studied C. have studied D. was studying
【答案】D
考点：考查动词时态。
11. 【浙江省温州市十校联合体2016届高三下学期期初联考】— I hear that Jason is planning to buy a new car.
—I know. By next month, he ________ enough for a used one.
A. has saved B. saves C. will be saving D. will have saved
【答案】D
【解析】
试题分析：考查时态的用法 句意为：---我听说Jason正计划买一辆新车。---我知道的，到下个月为止，他就攒够了钱买一辆二手的了。A现在完成时，表示已经可以买了；B一般现在时，表示经常性，习惯性；C将来进行时，表示将来的某个时候正在进行的动作；从题意可看出是不符合的。到下个月的时候是攒够了，将来完成时的意思是到将来的某个时候要完成的动作，故答案应为D。
考点：考查时态的用法。
12. 【江苏省大丰市新丰中学2016届高三10月月考】 --- Could you bring me that novel you _________ me about when I dropped in on you?
--- Sorry, I can’t. I have given it to a friend.
A. told B. would tell C. had told D. had been telling
【答案】A
【解析】
试题分析：考查动词的时态。句意：你能把我拜访你时看到的那个小说给我带来吗？对不起，我已经把它给我朋友了。When I telephoned you 是一个明确的过去时间点，表示那时正在发生的动作应用过去进行时，故选A项。
考点 : 考查动词的时态
13. 【江苏省大丰市新丰中学2016届高三10月月考】The crazy fans ________ patiently in the rain for almost three hours, and they would wait until the famous star arrived.
A. were waiting B. have waited C. had been waiting D. would wait
【答案】C
【解析】
试题分析：考查动词的时态。因为would wait是过去将来时，可见此事发生在过去，再结合for two hours可知，wait这个动作是从过去某一时刻开始一直延续到另一个过去时刻，并且还在等，一直要等到那位影星到来，所以用过去完成进行时：had been doing，因此选C项。
考点 : 考查动词的时态
14. 【江苏省大丰市新丰中学2016届高三10月月考】 The vegetable looking fresh in his field ______well. It’s often sold out immediately it appears in the market.
A. has sold B. has been sold C. is sold D . sells
【答案】D
考点 : 考查动词时态的用法
15. 【江苏省苏北四市（徐州、淮安、连云港、宿迁）2016届高三上学期期中质量】—Dear me! It’s you, Bob! I ______ to recognize you at first sight!
—Nor did I! Time has changed us a lot!
A. fail B. failed C. have failed D. had failed
【答案】B
【解析】
试题分析： 考查动词的时态。句意：——哇塞(天哪)，是你吗，鲍勃！我第一眼没有认出你来。——我也是。岁月让我们改变了好多啊！根据语境可知刚才没有认出来，所以用一般过去时。
考点：考查动词的时态
16. 【江苏省苏北四市（徐州、淮安、连云港、宿迁）2016届高三上学期期中质量】On the morning of October 12, 1492, Christopher Columbus and his crew came to the shores of the Caribbean islands, mistakenly believing they ________ in Southeast Asia.
A. arrived B. had arrived C. has arrived D. would arrive
【答案】B
考点：考查动词的时态
18. 【江苏省苏北四市（徐州、淮安、连云港、宿迁）2016届高三上学期期中质量】Make the best of your precious time and study harder — this time next year you _______ the colorful campus life in your dream university!
A. will enjoy B. are enjoying C. will have enjoyed D. will be enjoying
【答案】D
【解析】
试题分析：考查动词的时态。句意：充分利用你宝贵的时间努力学习。明年的这个时候，你就会在你理想的大学里享受那多彩的校园生活啦。根据this time next year明年的这个时候可知将来进行时，故选D项。
考点：考查动词的时态
19. 【江苏省苏州中学2016届高三10月月考】A Santa Monica High School teacher ________ put on leave after using physical force to control a student selling marijuana(大麻) in his classroom ________ surprising support on Facebook.
A. who; has received B. who was; was received
C. was; was received D. that was; has received
【答案】D
【解析】
试题分析：考查定语从句和动词时态。句意：一位圣莫尼卡的高中老师用武力制止住一个正在卖大麻的学生，他被迫休假，从而在网上引起广泛的支持。第一空是一个定语从句，从句中用一般过去时态的被动语态；第二空是主句的谓语部分，用现在完成时态，故选D。
考点：考查定语从句和动词时态
20.【浙江省金丽衢十二校2016届高三上学期第一次联考】 Since late 2013 when the Chinese government relaxed the family planning policy, only 1.5 million couples ____ to have a second child.
A. applied B. had applied C. would apply D. have applied
【答案】D
【解析】
试题分析：考查动词时态。自从2013年底中国政府放松了计划生育政策，只有一千五百万夫妇已经申请了二孩。Since自从---以来，主句要用现在完成时态，故选D。
考点：考查动词时态
21.【浙江省绍兴市第一中学2016届高三下学期开学回头考】— He speaks Chinese very well. — It’s not surprising. He ___ in Beijing for nine years next week.
A. has been living B. has lived
C. will have been lived D. will have been living
【答案】D
考点：考查时态
22.【浙江省绍兴市第一中学2016届高三下学期开学回头考】— Many drugs have been forbidden recently.
— Actually. But the scientists say that before a new drug ___ on humans, plenty of studies___.
A. can be tested; are needed B. can test; are needed
C. can be tested; need D. can test; need
【答案】A
【解析】
试题分析：考查语态。句意：---最近许多药物都已经被禁用了。----真的。但是科学家们说一种新药能够在人的身上试用之前，需要大量的研究。根据drug是test的动作承受者，studies是need的动作承受者，应该用被动语态。根据题意可知选A项。
考点：考查语态
【语法填空】
1.【河南省重点中学协作体2016届高三第二次适应性考试】阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（不多于3个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
It is sad but true that people die in earthquakes 61 falling furniture and bricks. Earthquake 62 (safe) is very important and there is more to it 63 just keeping buildings from falling down. So if your home is in an earthquake area, you should prepare carefully before the earthquake 64 (come).
First, make sure you buy a house which is earthquake safe. All pipes should be fixed to the walls and all walls should be 65 (especial) thick and strong. Make sure the building has no 66 (break) windows and is well repaired.
Second, look at the objects in your house. Objects 67 computers, televisions and lamps can be tied to tables or 68 (stick) to them so they won’t easily move around. The cupboards, 69 many small things are stored, should have strong doors. Always remember, 70 (good) safe than sorry.
【答案】
61. from
62. safety
63. than
64. comes
65. especially
66. broken
67. like
68. stuck
69. where
70. better
63. than 考查介词。介词than通常和比较级连用。句意：地震安全非常重要，有比让楼房不要倒塌的更重要的事情可做。
64. comes 考查时态。本句中before引导时间状语从句，从句中要使用一般现在时代替将来时。
65. especially 考查副词。在英语中副词通常做状语修饰形容词、副词或动词，形容词在句中做定语或者表语修饰名词。所以本句中使用副词especially修饰形容词thick and strong。
66. broken 考查形容词。形容词broken破旧的，坏的；是过去分词转换而来的形容词，修饰名词windows意为：坏窗户。句意：确保房子没有坏窗户并被很好地维修。
67. like 考查介词。介词“like像...一样”表示列举。句意：像电脑、电视和台灯这样的物品可以背系在桌子上或被黏在上面。
【名师点睛】
本文考查了关系副词where引导的定语从句。关系副词 where 主要用于修饰表示地点的名词，同时它在定语从句中用作地点状语。
如：This is the village where he was born. 这就是他出生的村子。
That’s the hotel where we were staying last summer. 这就是我们去年夏天住的旅馆。
Barbary was working in Aubury, where she went daily in a bus. 巴巴拉在奥伯里工作，每天得坐公共汽车去上班。
与 when 的用法一样，注意不要一见到先行词为地点名词，就以为一定要用关系副词where来引导定语从句，同时还要看它在定语从句中充当什么成分——如果在定语从句中用作地点状语，就用where；如果在定语从句中不是用作时间状语，而是用作主语或宾语，那就不能用where，而要用that, which等。如：
He works in a factory that [which] makes TV sets. 他在一家电视机厂工作。
关系代词that / which在定语从句中用作主语。
另外注意，where有时还可用于抽象名词后引导定语从句。如：
We have reached a point where a change is needed. 我们到了必须改一改的地步。
There are cases where the word “mighty” is used as an adverb. 在一些情况下，mighty一词可用作副词。
He got into a situation where it is hard to decide what is right and wrong. 他陷入一种难以分辨是
考点：考查语法填空
2.【江西师大附中、鹰潭一中2016届高三下学期第一次联考】阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
Facebook CEO Zuckerberg just had a baby girl named Max, and 61 (honor) the occasion, he's giving away the majority of his wealth. In the letter written by Zuckerberg and his wife, Priscilla Chan, to their new baby girl, he announced the birth of his first child and the ____62 (create) of the Chan Zuckerberg Fund, 63 will focus on personalized learning, curing disease, connecting people and 64 (build) strong communities.
“For your generation to live in 65 better world, there is so much more our generation can do,” Zuckerberg wrote. “Today your mother and I are committing to spend our lives doing our small part to help solve these challenges.” The couple 66 (donate) nearly all of their Facebook stock to the cause. “We will give 99% of our Facebook shares － ____67 (current) about $45 billion － to advance this 68 (value) mission,” he wrote. “We know this is a small contribution compared 69 all the resources and talents already working on these issues. 70 we want to do what we can, working alongside many others.”
【答案】
61.to honor
62.creation
63.which
64.building
65.a
66.will donate
67.currently
68.valuable
69.to/with
70.But
67.currently.考查副词。此处当前大约有$45 billion，修饰后面数字用副词，故填currently.
68.valuable.考查形容词。此处修饰名词mission要用形容词，指目的是推进这个有价值的任务，故填valuable.
69.to/with.考查介词。“和……相比”用compare…to/with，此处指这个贡献和已经花费在这件事上的资源和人才相比太小了，故填to/with.
70.But.考查连词。上句说这个贡献和已经花费在这件事上的资源和人才相比太小了；下句讲我们只想做我们想做的事。两句是转折关系，故填But.
考点：考查人物故事类短文阅读。
【名师点睛】
短文填空是根据首字母提示及短文大意填词的短文阅读。此题型要求结合文章内容填出单词，所填单词往往与文章的内容息息相关，因而解题前必须通读全文，对全文内容有一个整体的了解，从中获取文章的基本结构、体裁、主题及所使用的语态等信息。通读后再复读，边读边填词。
填词时应注意所填词的词性，如果是动词，需根据其在句中的意思确定其正确的时态、语态及非谓语动词形式比如文章第61小题考查不定式。此处是不定式表目的，指为了纪念这个机会，故填to honor.第64小题考查动词形式。此处用于介词on后，和前面的learning, curing, connecting并列，故填building. 第66小题考查时态。此处指这对夫妇将捐献几乎所有的脸谱网股份给事业，指将来的动作，故填will donate.
如果是名词应注意其单复数、所有格的变化。
如果是代词应注意其主格、宾格、形容词性物主代词、名词性物主代词、反身代词等的变化。
如果是形容词、副词应注意其等级的变化及两者之间的转化，第67小题考查副词。此处当前大约有$45 billion，修饰后面数字用副词，故填currently. 第68小题考查形容词。此处修饰名词mission要用形容词，指目的是推进这个有价值的任务，故填valuable.
如果考查某些语法内容及特殊句式，要牢记语法规则，认真分析。第63小题考查定语从句。句中包含定语从句，先行词是Chan Zuckerberg Fund在定语从句中做主语，故填关系代词which.
对于有一定难度的空处，先将其放置一边做后面的，最后再从全篇内容上考虑、分析，仔细体会出题者的意图。填完所有单词后，必须将所有填的词带入文中再读一遍，仔细检查自己所填的词是否与文章的情境、内容一致，读起来是否流畅，单词拼写是否正确，单词形式是否恰当等，发现问题应及时纠正。
3.【河南省焦作市2016届高三第一次模拟】阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
A blind boy sat on the steps of a building with a box by his feet. He held up a sign 61__ （read）, “I am blind, please help.” 62 were only a few coins in the box. The boy felt sad. A man was walking by. He took out a few coins from his pocket and dropped them into the box. Then he took the sign, turned it around and wrote some words. He placed the sign 63 it had been so that everyone who walked by would see the new words. Soon the box was full 64__ coins. A lot more people were giving money to the blind boy.
That afternoon, the man, by 65 the sign had been changed, came to see how things were. The boy 66 （recognize） his footsteps and asked, “Are you the one who changed my sign this morning? What did you write?” The man said, “ I 67 （simple）wrote the truth. I said what you mid but in a 68 （difference）way.” 69 he had written was, “Today is 70 beautiful day but I can not see it.”
【答案】
61.reading
62.There
63.where
64.of
65.whom
66.recognized
67.simply
68.different
69.What
70.a
65.whom 那天下午，改变标牌的的人过来看事情进展如何。Whom引导定语从句，位于介词之后，故填whom。
66.recognized 根据后面的并列连词and 及谓语动词asked可知应用一般过去时。故填recognized。
67.simply 我只是写下事实，此处为副词修饰动词。故填simply。
68.different in a different way以一种不同的方式。故填different 。
69.What 他写的是，今天是一个美丽的一天，但是我看不见。此处为what引导的主语从句，且在从句中作宾语。故填What。
70.a 此处考查不定冠词a，表“一个”，故填a。
考点：考查语法填空
4.【广东省深圳市2016年高三第二次调研】阅读下面材料, 在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
Is there such a thing as being “over-protective”?
I can honestly say that my answer to that question 61 (change) dramatically（戏剧性地）since I became a parent.
Before the birth of my daughter, I taught at 62 private school, often viewing my students as over-protected, worrying 63 would happen when they went on to middle schools.
Some did fine, and some did not. Some needed constant pats on the back, words of 64 (encourage) and extra support, which I 65 (happy) gave. Others were content on their own, needing little or no interaction（互动）with their teacher. 66 for the most part, graduates would go on for higher schooling.
I’d always supposed their parents were over-protective, for they were the ones that still walked
their 67 (five) graders into the classroom and met them at the school gate.
Admittedly, I laughed at those parents, 68 (think) their children would never learn to be 69 (independence) if they didn’t let go just a little. Then I had my own daughter. The moment I looked at her little face, I 70 (know) I’d do everything in my power to protect her and make sure she always felt safe!
【答案】
61. has changed
62. a
63. what
64. encouragement
65. happily
66. But
67. fifth
68. thinking
69. independent
70. knew
【解析】
63. what 考查宾语从句。本句中what引导宾语从句“what would happen”作为动词worry的宾语，并在句中做主语。
64. encouragement 考查名词。横线前面有介词of，说明横线上应该使用名词做宾语，动词encourage的名词是encouragement。
65. happily 考查副词。在英语中副词通常做状语修饰形容词、副词或动词，形容词通常做定语或表语修饰名词。本句中使用副词happily作状语修饰动词give。
66. But 考查连词。虽然有人需要鼓励，有人不需要鼓励，但是大部分人都要进入更高一级的学校学习。上下文之间表示转折关系，使用but连接上下文。
67. fifth 考查序数词。本句中the fifth
graders指五年级的学生。很多父母亲还陪着五年级的学生上学。
68. thinking 考查分词做状语。本句中动词think与句子主语I之间构成主动关系，所以使用现在分词在句中做状语。句意：我嘲笑那些父母亲，认为他们的孩子永远都无法学会独立。
69. independent 考查形容词。本句中形容词independent与be连用构成不定式作为动词learn的宾语。句意：我嘲笑那些父母亲，认为他们的孩子永远都无法学会独立。
70. knew 考查时态。本句的时间状语是the moment I looked at her little face，叙述的是过去发生的事情，所以主句中使用一般过去式knew。
【名师点睛】
本文考查了what引导的宾语从句的用法。what引导名词性从句的五种用法
1. 表示“......的东西或事情”：
They’ve done what they can to help her. 他们已经尽力帮助了她。 He saves what he earns. 他赚多少，积蓄多少。 What Mary is is the secretary. 玛丽的职务是秘书。 2. 表示“......的人或的样子”：
He is no longer what he was. 他已经不是以前的那个样子。 He is what is generally called a traitor. 他就是人们通常所说的叛徒。
Who is it that has made Fred what he is now? 是谁把弗雷德培养成现在这个样子的？
3. 表示“......的数量或数目”：
Our income is now double what it was ten years ago. 我们现在的收入是10年前的两倍。
The number of the students in our school is ten times what it was before liberation. 现在我校学生的数量是解放前的10倍。 4. 表示“......的时间”：
After what seemed lik
e hours he came out with a bitter smile. 似乎过了几个小时他才苦笑着出来。
The young girl was too frightened to speak, standing there for what seemed like hours. 小女孩吓得不敢说话，在那儿站了几个小时。
考点：考查语法填空
【短文改错】
1.【广东省深圳市2016年高三第二次调研】假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。作文中共有 10 处错误，每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏词符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（）划掉。
修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2. 只允许修改 10 处，多者（从第 11 处起）不计分。
Last month, I was told we would have our first military training. At first, I thought it will be hard to spend a whole week stayed away from school and home. The sunshine would be very strongly during these days, or we could easily get sunburnt. Later, when I was in the camp, I found it was a lot fun. The training was hard for you all. But my classmates and I were treated very kindly by all the soldier. The food in the camp look simple, but tasted good. Now you never know how happy days we had in the camp. I think the experience has been made us stronger!
【答案】
1. will改为would
2. stayed改为staying
3. strongly改为strong
4. or改为and/so
5. lot后面接of
6. you改为us
7. soldier改为soldiers
8. look改为looked
9. how改为what
10. 删除been
3. strongly改为strong 考查形容词。在英语中副词通常做状语修饰形容词、副词或动词，形容词通常做定语或表语修饰名词。所以本句使用形容词strong在句中和系动词be连用构成系表结构。
4. or改为and/so
考查连词。句意：白天的阳光很强烈，所以我们很容易被晒伤。上下文之间是顺接和因果关系，所以使用and/so连接上下文。
5. lot后面接of 考查形容词短语。短语a lot of许多，大量；该短语既可以修饰可数名词，也可以修饰不可数名词。短语a lot通常做状语。本句中a lot of修饰不可数名词fun。
6. you改为us 考查代词。根据文章第一句可知：我们要去军训。这样的军训对“我们”来说很艰难。所以要使用“us”作为介词for的宾语。
7. soldier改为soldiers 考查名词单复数。名词“soldier士兵”是一个可数名词，本句中前面有all修饰，所以使用其复数形式soldiers。
8. look改为looked 考查时态。本文叙述的是作者去看见军训的事情，所以要使用一般过去时，过去式looked与tasted相对应。
9. how改为what 考查宾语从句。本句中使用what对名词短语happy days进行感叹，how通常要对形容词副词进行感叹。
10. 删除been 考查语态。本句主语the experience与动词make us strong构成主动关系。句意：我认为这个经历让我们更加坚强。
考点：考查短文改错
2.【湖南省师大附中、长沙一中、长郡中学、雅礼中学2016届高三四校联考】短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。
文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或
修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线(＼)划掉。
修改！存错词下划一横线，并存该词下而写出修改后的词．
注意：1．每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2．只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
A large number of students from all over the country studies in our beautiful new
school. There has a big library in our school. We can take out all the different kind of
books we like to read. I often borrowed novels from a library. There is also a beautiful
garden in their school. I like to do most is enjoy the great view of it. Many kinds of
flowers of different colors bloom in it, so lots of butterflies come or fly around them.
Our classroom is next to in the garden. Have classes in such a beautiful environment,
we feel very happy.
【答案】
1. 第一行studies改成study
2. 第二行has 改成 is
3. 第二行kind 改成kinds
4. 第三行 borrowed改成borrow
5. 第三行a改成the
6. 第四行their 改成our
7. 第四行I前面加What
8. 第五行 or改成and
9. 第六行 in去掉
10. 第六行Have 改成Having
【解析】
试题分析：
1. 第一行studies改成study 考查主谓一致。主语是A large number of students复数形式，故谓语动词用原形。
2. 第二行has 改成 is 考查there be句型，某地有某物，表存在用there be句型，且后面跟的是a big library单数，故用is。
3. 第二行kind 改成kinds 考查单复数。我们可以借我们喜欢的不同种类的书，不同种类的是复数，故kind用复数形式。
4. 第三行 borrowed改成borrow 考查时态。全文都是一般现在时，这里也应该用一般现在时，故borrowed改成borrow。
5. 第三行a改成the 考查冠词。这里的library是上文提到过的，所以用定冠词。
6. 第四行their 改成our 考查代词。全文都在讲我的学校，用的都是第一人称，所以这里应该用第一人称，故their 改成our。
考点：短文改错
3.【山东省淄博市淄川第一中学2016届高三上学期期末】 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线(＼)划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1．每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2．只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
Ladies and gentlemen，
It’s my honor to give a speech here．After-class activities play a important part in our school life．Proper activities help enrich our lives，broaden our horizons or develop our personalities.
Mine own experience can serve as a case in point. When I was in Senior one，I become a member of our drama club，that I used to visit on weekends．Since my participation in various activities organizing by the club，I achieved a lot．
These activities bring me a lot of funs，provide me with good opportunities to develop new friend-ships and open a window through which I have a brand-new outlook．With so much advantages shown above，why not to join us at once？
【答案】
71.a---an
72.or---and
73.Mine---Wy
74.become---became
75.that---which
76.organizing---organized
77.I前添加have
78.funs---fun
79.much---many
80.去掉to
考点：考查词汇和句型的用法。
4.【黑龙江省哈尔滨市第六中学2016届高三上学期期末】短文中共有10处语言错误，每句话最多两处错误。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在此处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出增加的词;
删除：把多余的词用斜线(＼)划掉;
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在其下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2. 只允许修改10处，多者（从十一处起）不计分。
Everyone has a dream. We are on the way to achieve it whether the way is smooth or toughly. As senior 3 student, I have the same dream as my classmates that I can be admitted to an ideal university. In the past three years, I have done everything I can to equip myself with that I have learnt from my teachers. Not only have I enjoyed the pleasure of study but also I have got closer to my dream. Anxious and pressure did discourage from me at times. Besides, with the encouragement of my teachers and classmates, I think I’ll make it.
I’m sure that there has still a long way to go to achieve my dream. No matter how challenged it is, I’ll make it come true. As the proverb said,” Where there’s a will, there’s a way.”
【答案】
1.achieve改为achieving
2.toughly改为tough
3.Senior前加 a
4.that改为what
5.anxious改为anxiety
6.去掉from
7.Besides改为However
8.has改为is
9.challenged改为challenging
10.said改为says
3.Senior前加 a；考查冠词。student是可数名词。故在Senior前加 a。
4.把equip myself with 后的that改为what；考查宾语从句。with是介词，后面应该接宾语，that不能引导宾语从句。故把equip myself with 后的that改为what。
5.anxious改为anxiety；这一句的主语是anxious and pressure，但是anxious是形容词，不能做主语，故将anxious改为anxiety。
6.去掉from；固定用法。discourage 是及物动词，后面直接接名词。故去掉from。
7.Besides改为However；前一句句意;紧张和压力有时候确实会让我泄气。后一句句意：在老师和同学的鼓励下，我认为我可以成功。两句没有明显的并列关系，而是转折的关系，故将Besides改为However。
8.has改为is；固定句型：there be 句型。故将has改为is。
9.challenged改为challenging；考查challenge的形容词词意。challenged受到挑战的；challenging具有挑战性的。而文中句意，根据上下文，应该是无论它有多具有挑战力…故将challenged改为challenging。
10.said改为says；常规用法。名言、谚语、俗语等是客观存在的，应该用一般现在时来表达，故将said改为says。
【名师点睛】
短文改错答题技巧
一、高考英语改错题的常见错误类型
1、谓语动词的时态和语态
2、句子结构和句子完整性
3、名词单复数及主谓一致问题
4、上下文语意和代词
5、介词 固定搭配
6、固定（习惯）用法
7、形容词和副词是否误用及其比较等级是否正确；
8、冠词。取舍与选择是否正确
9、连词和从句引导词
10、非谓语动词的形式是否正确
二、命题趋势
词法错误、句法错误和行文逻辑
1. 一致关系：包括主谓一致、时态一致、代词指代一致等。
2.平行结构：包括动词与动词相配，形容词与形容词相配，分词与分词相配，不定式与不定式相配等。常由并列连词或词组连接。如：and， or ， but，neither…nor…, as well as 等.
例如第7题，前一句句意;紧张和压力有时候确实会让我泄气。后一句句意：在老师和同学的鼓励下，我认为我可以成功。两句没有明显的并列关系，而是转折的关系，故将Besides改为However。
3. 非谓语动词的用法：如to的省略，过去分词与现在分词的误用等。
4．多余词或者缺词：常常是介词、副词等的多余或缺少。
例如第3题，student是可数名词，但是在文章中既没有用复数形式，也没有冠词，因此可以知道这里缺冠词。故在Senior前加 a。
5．词性的混用。
6．行文逻辑判断等
三、注意事项：
（一）改前通读全文, 切忌拿来就改，这一步很关键。这一步的目标是了解短文的中心意思，把握全篇的时态、人称及行文逻辑。记叙文强调时间、地点、人物和事件四要素，在通读全文理解全文的同时把一些比较容易的或是明显的错误先改好
（二）分句阅读，逐行找错。在纠错时要仔细地读懂每一个句子，这时就要对文中的词法、句法和语篇（详见考查要点）角度着重分析和特别注意。把涉及 到以上错误类型的词多斟酌一下。
（三）做将答案放回原文,再重读全文。其目的主要是查看有无不符合逻辑,语句不通畅,不符合英语习惯的问题。
5.【吉林省吉林大学附属中学2016届高三上学期第四次摸底】假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（＼）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1．每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2．只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
The water we drink and use was running short. We all have to learn how to stop wasted water. One
of the step that we should take is to find ways of reusing them. Today in the most large cities, fresh water
is used only once and then it runs in a waste system. But it is possibly to pipe the used water to a purifying factory, when the used water can be treated with chemical materials by the workers so that it can be reused. But even if every large city purified and reused it’s water, we still would have enough water.
【答案】
1.was改为is
2.wasted改为wasting
3.step改为steps
4.them改为it
5.in the most large去掉the
6.in改为into
7.possibly改为possible
8.when改为where
9.it’s改为its
10.would后加not
4.them改为it；考查代词。这一句的句意：其中的一个步骤就是要拒绝浪费用水。这里的代词应该是代指浪费用水这一件事情，them是复数。故将them改为it。
5.in the most large去掉the；考查冠词的用法。most表示最高级时前面才需要加定冠词the,而此处是“大多数”的意思，故将the去掉。
6.in改为into；考查介词的用法。in是表示的动作位置的静态介词，表示“在…里面”；而into是表示动作方向的动态介词，表示“到…里面去”，常与表示动作的动词（如：come, go, run, rush等）连用，故将in改为into。
7.possibly改为possible；考查系动词的用法。is是系动词，后面一般接名词，形容词等。possibly是副词。故将possibly改为possible。
8.when改为where；考查非限制性定语从句。先行词factory是一个地点名词，所以应该用地点关系副词where来引导定语从句。故将when改为where。
9.it’s改为its；考查代词。every large city purified and reused it’s water,句意：每个大城市都净化并且重新利用它的废水。it’s是it is的缩写形式，故将it’s改为its。
10.would后加not；根据上文内容可知此处说的是将来没有水来利用，表示否定意思，故在would后加not。
【名师点睛】
短文改错答题技巧
一、高考英语改错题的常见错误类型
1、谓语动词的时态和语态
2、句子结构和句子完整性
3、名词单复数及主谓一致问题
4、上下文语意和代词
5、介词 固定搭配
6、固定（习惯）用法
7、形容词和副词是否误用及其比较等级是否正确；
8、冠词。取舍与选择是否正确
9、连词和从句引导词
10、非谓语动词的形式是否正确
二、命题趋势
词法错误、句法错误和行文逻辑
1. 一致关系：包括主谓一致、时态一致、代词指代一致等。
2.平行结构：包括动词与动词相配，形容词与形容词相配，分词与分词相配，不定式与不定式相配等。常由并列连词或词组连接。如：and， or ， but，neither…nor…, as well as 等.
3. 非谓语动词的用法：如to的省略，过去分词与现在分词的误用等。
4．多余词或者缺词：常常是介词、副词等的多余或缺少。
例如第5题，考查冠词的用法。most表示最高级时前面才需要加定冠词the,而此处是“大多数”的意思，故将the去掉。
5．词性的混用。
6．行文逻辑判断等
三、注意事项：
（一）改前通读全文, 切忌拿来就改，这一步很关键。这一步的目标是了解短文的中心意思，把握全篇的时态、人称及行文逻辑。记叙文强调时间、地点、人物和事件四要素，在通读全文理解全文的同时把一些比较容易的或是明显的错误先改好
（二）分句阅读，逐行找错。在纠错时要仔细地读懂每一个句子，这时就要对文中的词法、句法和语篇（详见考查要点）角度着重分析和特别注意。把涉及 到以上错误类型的词多斟酌一下。
（三）做将答案放回原文,再重读全文。其目的主要是查看有无不符合逻辑,语句不通畅,不符合英语习惯的问题。
考点：考查短文改错
2015年模拟题
动词时态和语态
1.【安徽省“淮南一中 蒙城一中 颍上一中 怀远一中”四校2015届高三5月联考】 In today’s fiercely competitive society,； people only care about what achievements you _______, not your
efforts.
A. had made B. will make C. would make D. have made
【答案】D
【解析】
试题分析：考查现在完成时。句意：现在竞争激烈的社会，人们只能关心你的成就，而不是你的努力。成就是你从以前到现在的结果，所以应该用现在完成时，故选D。
考点：考查现在完成时
2.【天津市河西区2015届高三下学期总复习质量调查（三）】5.Jenny has been taken to the headmaster’s and she ______about what happened in their
dormitory last night.
A. questioned B. had questioned
C. is being questioned D. was questioning
【答案】C
考点：考查时态和语态
3.【天津市河西区2015届高三下学期总复习质量调查（三）】14. What the children in the mountain village need ______ good books.
A. is B. are
C. have D. has
【答案】B
【解析】
试题分析：what引导的句子作主语时，谓语动词要和后面的宾语保持一致，good books 为复数名词的名词，故谓语动词要复数，A项和D项是第三人称单数形式，不符合；根据语境“山区的孩子们需要的是好书”，谓语动词要用are不用have，故选B。
考点：考查主谓一致
4.【陕西省西工大附中2015届高三下学期模拟考试（一）】12. —Our uncle will be here to attend a meeting tomorrow, you know?
—Oh, I thought that he _____ today.
A. is coming B. comes C. was coming D. will come
【答案】C
【解析】
试题分析: 句意：--我们的叔叔明天来这儿参加会议，你知道吗？--哦，我原以为他是今天来呢。根据thought判断后面的宾语从句用过去时态，故选C。
考点：考查动词时态
5.【陕西省西工大附中2015届高三下学期三模】14. After the argument Colin ran away and______since.
A. Isn’t heard of B. wasn’t heard of
C. hasn’t been heard of D. hadn’t been heard of
【答案】C
考点：考查动词语态
6.【陕西省西工大附中2015届高三下学期三模】15. —Why are you so busy these days?
— We_____trees. Why not join us？
A. have planted B. will plant C. are planting D.planted
【答案】C
【解析】
试题分析： 考查时态。句意为：——你们这些天为何这么忙？——我们一直在植树，加入我们怎么样？本题考查时态。A.have planted是现在完成时，表示已经做完；B.will plant是一般将来时，表示将要做某事；C.are planting是现在进行时，表示现在正在进行的动作或者现阶段正在发生的状态；D.planted是一般过去时，表示过去结束的事情。根据句意，选C。
考点：考查时态
7.【陕西省西工大附中2015届高三下学期三模】23. The zookeeper was really annoyed with me.
— How could he have been if you______stones at the animals?
A. didn’t throw B. don’t throw C. hadn’t thrown D. haven’t thrown
【答案】D
【解析】
试题分析：考查现在完成时。句意：动物管理员真的让我生气，如果你不向动物扔石头会怎么样呢？have not been可以是假如原来怎样，故选D。
考点：考查现在完成时
8.【湖南省桃江县第一中学2015届高三5月模拟】 — How do you like the trip to Tai Wan?
— We _____ there for a week. It’s a fantastic place and well worth visiting again.
A. had stayed B. have stayed C. stayed D. will stay
【答案】C
考点：考查时态
9.【湖南省桃江县第一中学2015届高三5月模拟】 Life teaches us not to regret over yesterday, for it ________ and is beyond our control.
A. passed B. will pass C. has passed D. had passed
【答案】C
【解析】
试题分析：考查现在完成时。人生教会我们不要后悔昨天,因为它已经过去并脱离了我们的控制。本题依旧考时态问题。根据题意，and后边be动词为现在时，并列为同时态，昨天已经过去，所以选择时态为现在完成时。故选C。
考点：考查现在完成时
10.【湖南省桃江县第一中学2015届高三5月模拟】 —Will you come over to Beijing next summer?
—I’d like to, but my family ______ London that summer.
A. are visiting B. are to visit C. will be visiting D. will visit
【答案】C
【解析】
试题分析：考查时态。明年夏天你来北京吗?我想来,但是我的家人将在那个夏天访问伦敦。因句中有next，表将来的时间，所以选择将来进行时态，选项C正确。
考点：考查时态
11.【湖南省桃江县第一中学2015届高三5月模拟】 When and where this took place _____ still unknown.
A. is B. has C. were D. are
【答案】A
【解析】
试题分析：考查系动词。句意：这个发生在何时何地还不清楚。主语从句作主语，谓语动词用单数形式，故选A。
考点：考查主谓一致
12.【湖南省桃江县第一中学2015届高三5月模拟】 —Has James arrived at the hotel?
—No, he ______ by fans for photographs at the airport.
A. has surrounded B. would surround C. was surrounded D. is being surrounded
【答案】D
考点：考查被动语态
13.【重庆市2015届高考压轴卷】--- Hello, Tom. This is Mary speaking.
--- What a coincidence! I_________ about you.
A. just thought B. was just thinking C. have just thought D. would just think
【答案】A
【解析】
试题分析：句意：——Tom，我是Mary。——真巧，我刚才想到你了。根据句意和语境，此处要用过去时态，B项为过去进行时，C项为现在完成时，D项为过去将来时，故选A。
考点：考查时态。
14.【重庆市2015届高考压轴卷】 The widely-accepted character "Duang" on the Internet does not even exist in the Chinese dictionary. However, it _________like wildfire online in China recently.
A. spread B. would spread C. has spread D. had spread
【答案】D
【解析】
试题分析：句意：最近在网络上广泛被接受的词 Duang甚至汉语词典里都不存在，然而，它却像网络野火一样传播开来。根据recently.判断用完成时，因为此时已发生，应用过去完成时，选D.
考点：考查时态。
15.【浙江省东阳市2015届高三5月模拟】—What do you think of the movie last night?
—When I got there it _______, so I only watched the end.
A. finished B. had finished C. was finishing D. has finished
【答案】C
【解析】
试题分析：考查动词时态。上句：你觉得昨晚的电影怎样？下句：当我到达的时候它快要结束了，所以我只看了结尾。用过去进行时态，故选C。
考点：考查动词时态。
16.【浙江省东阳市2015届高三5月模拟】The fire shouldn’t have broken out yesterday, but the cook _______ really careless.
A. was B. is C. were D. would be
【答案】A
考点：考查动词时态。
17.【江苏省淮安市2015届高三第五次模拟】—Mum, Dad ought to stop working?
—Yes, he has a bad headache because he _______ too long.
A. read B. has been reading C. had read D. is reading
【答案】B
【解析】
试题分析：考查现在完成进行时。现在完成进行时表示从过去某时开始一直持续到现在，并且还将持续下去。结构为have/has+ been+动词的现在分词。句意：上文：妈妈，爸爸应该停止工作了吗？下文：他由于一直读书时间过长而头疼。故选B。
考点：考查现在完成进行时
18.【江苏省淮安市2015届高三第五次模拟】In the capital Kathmandu, thousands of people _______ the night on pavements, in parks and open fields in chilly temperatures before they returned to their collapsed homes.
A. would spend B. were spending C. spent D. had spent
【答案】D
【解析】
试题分析：考查过去完成时。过去完成时表示过去某一时间或动作以前已经发生或完成的动作，对过去的某一点造成的某种影响或结果，结构为
：had+动词的过去分词形式。成百上千的人们呆在户外发生在“回到家中”这个动作之前。句意：在加德满都首都，在他们回到坍塌的家之前，成百上千的群众在人行道、公园、空旷的田间度过了寒冷的夜晚，故选D。
考点：考查过去完成时
19.【福建省龙岩市2015年高中毕业班5月教学质量检查】An increasing number of aged motorists from driving for health problems.
A. are being stopped B. have stopped C. is stopping D. has been stopped
【答案】A
考点：考查时态
20.【福建省龙岩市2015年高中毕业班5月教学质量检查】If you are not rich by the time you are 35, says Ma Yun, then you the opportunities of youth.
A. are wasting B. wasted C. will waste D. have wasted
【答案】D
【解析】
试题分析：D；考查时态。现在完成时除了表示到说话时为止（或到现在为止）已经发生或完成了（不一定结束）的动作或状态，还表示一个过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在产生的结果或影响。By the time等到……时候。完成时的标志。句意：如果你在你35岁的时候还没有富起来，马云说，那么你已经浪费了年轻的机会。故选D
考点：考查时态
21.【陕西省西安市西北工业大学附属中学2015届高三下学期5月模拟】 James left his hometown when he was 16, and he ______ back there since.
A. wouldn’t be B. hasn’t been C. hadn’t been D. won’t be
【答案】B
【解析】
试题分析：句意：詹姆斯在16岁时离开了家乡，自从那时他就没有回来过。A. wouldn’t be 过去将来时；B. hasn’t been 现在完成时；C. hadn’t been 过去完成时；D. won’t be 一般将来时。since是现在完成时的标志。故选B。
考点：考查动词时态的用法。
22.【福建省福州第一中学2015届高三5月质量检测】— Dad, we _________ the zoo-t
rip you promised us last week.
— Sorry my girls. I _______ to take you there this week, but I’ve been too busy.
A. expect; intend B. had expected; had intended
C. are expecting; had intended D. expected; intend
【答案】C
考点：考查动词时态
23.【福建省宁德市2015届高中毕业班第二次质量检查】 He graduated from Peking University in 2010 and _____ as an ambassador to France ever since.
A. served B. has served C. had served D. would serve
【答案】B
【解析】
试题分析：考查动词的时态。句意：他在2010年毕业于北京大学，从那里起，做了法国的大使。根据ever since可能用现在完成时，故选B项。
考点 : 考查动词的时态
24.【安徽省淮南第二中学2015届高三第三次模拟】 --- We thought he would have got the job. --- What a pity! He ______too nervous when interviewed.
A. was B. had been C. has been D. would have been
【答案】A
【解析】
试题分析：A考查时态。when interviewed是发生在过去，所以be动词要用过去时，句意：——我们本以为他会得到那份工作。——好遗憾！他在面试的时候太紧张了。
故选A。
考点：考查时态。
25.【天津市2015届高考压轴】Jane is crazy about painting these days. She _____ in her studio all day long.
A. was staying B. stayed C. is staying D. will stay
【答案】C
考点：考查时态。
26.【天津市2015届高考压轴】 He persuaded me to sell the house and now I’m very glad he _____.
A. was B. has C. had D. did
【答案】D
【解析】
试题分析：D考查助动词。他说服了我卖掉房子，现在我很感激他。did在这里代指persuaded me to……，表示这一动作，由于persuade这个动作是发生在过去，所以用did来代替。故选D。
考点：考查助动词。
27.【天津市2015届高考压轴】Fortunately I have received the package that _____ to the wrong address.
A. had delivered B. have been delivered C. delivered D. was delivered
【答案】D
【解析】
试题分析：D考查被动语态。句意：幸运的是我收到了那个寄错了地址的包裹，包裹应该是被寄错，所以用被动语态，故选D。
考点：考查被动语态。
28.【福建省泉州第一中学2015届高三下学期最后一次模拟】 -- How many people are expected to come to your party tomorrow afternoon?
-- I send out thirty invitations but one third _____.
A. didn’t show up B. won’t show up
C. hadn’t showed up D. doesn’t show up
【答案】B
【解析】
试题分析：考查时态。根据语境及时间状语tomorrow afternoon可知用一般将来时。句意：——期望有多少人来参加你明天的宴会？——我送出了30份邀请，但三分之一将不会出现。故B正确。
考点：考查时态
29.【福建省华安县第一中学2015届高三高考围题卷英语试题】 Most environmental problems exist because adequate measures for preventing them ____in the past.
A. not being taken B. didn’t take C. were not taken D. haven’t taken
【答案】C
考点：考查被动语态
30. 【福建省华安县第一中学2015届高三高考围题卷英语试题】 Despite its little nutrition, the instant noodle is delicious and a hunger killer, so it__________
since its birth.
A. is developed B. develops C. had developed D. has been developing
【答案】D
【解析】
试题分析：考查时态。句意：尽管营养很少，方便面的美味和能快速消灭饥饿，所以它一直在发展。根据句意可知方便面是正在发展，并且一直延续下去，所以应该用现在完成进行时，所以选D。
考点：考查时态
【一年原创】 原创试题及其解析
1. Life teaches us not to regret over yesterday, for it ________ and is beyond our control.
A. has passed B. will pass C. passed D. had passed
【答案】A
【解析】
试题分析： 句意：生活教会我们不要后悔昨天的事情，因为它已经过去，我们无法掌控。A. has passed 现在完成时。根据句意可以判断，这里表示动作已经完成，应该用现在完成时， 故选A。
考点：考查动词时态的用法
2. It is the 20th time in history that Chinese women’s table tennis team ___________the honorable award---M Corbillon Cup(考比伦杯).
A. won B. had won C. have won D. has won
【答案】D
【考点】考查时态
3. Alan Greenspan, once reported as a financial god, had to admit that he _______ some serious mistakes.
A. made B. had made C. has been making D. has made
【答案】B
【解析】
试题分析：句意：曾经被报道为金融之神的艾伦·格林斯潘不得不承认他之前也犯过一些严重的错误。该空动作发生在主句动作“had to admit”之前，应用过去完成时。故选B项。
考点：动词时态
4. You will have to wear strong shoes if you _______ some climbing in such tough conditions.
A. have done B. will do C. would do D. are to do
【答案】D
【解析】
试题分析：句意：如果你打算在这种恶劣的条件下去爬山，你得穿结实的鞋。be to do sth.用于条件句，意为“如果想……，设想……”(=if ….want to do sth.)。故选D项。
考点：动词时态
5. —My wife ______ for new clothes, but actually her wardrobe is full.
—Women like spending money just for the sake of it.
A. always hunts B. has always hunted C. is always hunting D. will always hunt
【答案】C
【解析】考查时态。—我妻子总是买新衣服，但实际上她的衣橱里满满的都是。—女人就是因为喜欢新衣服才花钱的。此题目中依照对话的语境来看充满着抱怨、埋怨之意，故使用be always doing，所以选C适合。
【考点】考查时态
6. —Do you know where Tom is?
—He ________ in the reading room this morning, but I don’t know if he is still there.
A. read B. had read C. was reading D. has read
【答案】C
【解析】考查时态。 句意：—你知道Tom在哪吗？—
他今早在阅览室读书，但我不知道他现在是否还在那里。此题考查时态，题目表示的是他今早所处的状态，故用过去进行时，所以选C项适合。
【考点】考查时态
7. ---You look pretty tired.
---That’s right. I ________ until early this morning, preparing a report for the coming meeting. I can hardly keep my eyes open.
A. sat up B. have sat up C. have been sitting up D. am sitting up
【答案】A
考点: 考查时态语态
8. She is a famous lawyer in New York now, but nobody knows she ________ part-time jobs everywhere to make a living for six years.
A. does B. did C. had done D. has done
【答案】B
【解析】
试题分析：句意：她现在是纽约的著名的律师，但是没有人知道她有6年的时间为了生存到处打工。因为现在是纽约的著名的律师，6年的打工是在过去发生的，用一般过去时，选B。
考点：考查时态
9. I ______ a report about the environment here over the last few days, which I have to hand in next week.
A. wrote B. was writing C. had written D. have been writing
【答案】D
【解析】
试题分析：根据语境可知，本句中用现在完成进行时表示write这一动作这些天一直在进行。故选D。
考点：动词时态
10. About 3.000 Chinese students will go to universities in America this year, plus 200 who _____ earlier for graduate and postgraduate studies.
A. admit B. are admitted C. have been admitted D. had been admitted
【答案】C
考点: 考查时态语态
11. I ______to meet you at the airport this morning but I was too busy for I was writing a report.
A. meant B. had meant C. have meant D. would mean
【答案】B
【解析】
试题分析：句意：我本打算今天早上到机场接你，但是我太忙了，因为我在写一份报告。had meant to do或meant to have done本打算做某事，所以选B。
考点：考查时态
12. Blinda _______ changing jobs when this chance of promotion occurred, so she took it and stayed on at a much higher salary.
A. was thinking of B. thought of C. had been thinking of D. was to think of
【答案】A
【解析】
试题分析： 根据句意可知，有个升职机会从天而降的时候，贝琳达正在考虑换个工作。此处描述的是过去某个时间点正在进行的动作，故用过去进行时。
考点：时态
13. In the past several weeks, many cities in Northern China from heavy fogs and severe cold.
A. had suffered B. have been suffering C. were suffered D. suffered
【答案】B
【解析】
试题分析：考查动词的时态。句意 在过去的这几个星期里，中国北方的许多城市遭受了严重的雾霾。根据句子中提到的时间状语In the past several weeks 在过去的这几周，雾霾天一直都在持续，所以用现在完成进行时来表达，故选B项。
考点 : 考查动词的时态
14. —Can I borrow your tape-recorder?
—No. The last time you borrowed it, you _______ it for a month.
A.kept B. had kept C. are keeping D. have kept
【答案】A
考点：此题考查一般过去时的用法。（原创）
15. I’m calling about the apartment you the other day. Could you tell me more about it?
A. will advertise B. had advertised C. are advertising D. advertised
【答案】 D
【解析】
试题分析：句意：我打电话给你主要是谈几天前你广告的那所公寓。你能告诉我一些关于它的更多的信息吗？结合语境和时间the other day“几天前”可知前文定语从句中描述的是过去某时的动作，故用一般过去时态，选D。
考点：考查动词时态
16. This nationwide smog should serve as a reminder to all, indicating a high time that we ______ on what we've done to the environment.
A. have reflected B. are reflecting C. will reflect D. reflected
【答案】D
【解析】
试题分析：句意：全球范围的雾霾应该对所有的人是个提醒，表明是我们该反思我们对环境做了什么的时候了。这是句型：It’s high time that+虚拟语气的变形，that从句中用一般过去式或should do表示虚拟语气，所以选D。
考点：考查虚拟语气及动词时态。
17．The English teacher her students how to improve their comprehension skill since last week.
A. has told B. is telling C. has been telling D. will have told
【答案】C
考点：考查动词时态。
18. — Can I borrow your tape-recorder?
—No. The last time you borrowed it, you _______ it for a month.
A.kept B. had kept C. are keeping D. have kept
【答案】A
【解析】此题考查一般过去时的用法。语境：“—借一下你的录音机好吗？---不。你上次借去一个月才还。”此题较难虽然有for a month一段时间，但是语境指在过去用了一个月，故用一般过去时。本对话取材于《英国口语词典》，语言真实、地道。
考点：考查动词时态
19．—Your colleague's spoken English is quite good, Amy．
— No wonder, as she in the USA for two years．
A．worked B. has been working C．had worked D. has worked
【答案】A
【解析】
考查动词的时态。Amy现在在中国，她在美国工作了2年，是过去的事，故用一般过去时。
考点：考查动词时态。
20．—What are you putting your shoes on again for?
—Because I________you home, that’s all!
A. drive B. am driving C. have driven D. drove
【答案】B
【解析】此题考查现在进行时表将来时用法。语境：“—你又穿上鞋干什么？—我要开车送你回家，没别的。”英语时态是高考中的必考点，本题考查现在进行时表将来时。此题符合在语境中考查语法的要求，此对话取材于《英国口语词典》，语言真实、地道。
考点：考查动词时态。
21. —How is your mother?
—She_________ quite good after the operation, but she is taking a turn for the worse today.
A. felt B. feels C. had felt D. has been feeling
【答案】A
考点：考查时态
22．I __________ glasses since I was in primary school and I hate them. They make me look like a bookworm.
A. have worn B. have been wearing C. have been worn D. was wearing
【答案】 B
【解析】
试题分析：句意：自从小学我一直在戴眼镜，它们使我看起来更像一个书呆子。戴眼镜的动作是since I was in primary school and I hate them.所以是从过去到现在一直在做，而且还要持续下去，用现在完成进行时，所以选B。
考点：考查时态
23．The telephone _____ three times in the last hour, and each time it _____ for my sister.
A. had rung; was B. has rung; was C. rang; has been D. has been ringing; is
【答案】B
【解析】
试题分析：句意：在过去的一个小时里，电话响了三次，每次都是找我的姐姐的。本题第一句的关键词是in the last hour，该时间状语通常和现在完成时连用；第二空描述的是过去所发生的事情，故使用一般过去时。故B项正确。
考点：考查时态
24. 一What do you think of the UNICEF?
一Great. Its programs _______ thousands of children in Africa who would have otherwise died from lack of food or terrible diseases.
A. saved B. have saved C. had saved D. would saved
【答案】B
考点：考查时态
25. —Hi Bob. I hear that you are working in a big company.
—Quite right. I _______ there for nearly a year.
A. have worked B. have been working C. worked D. had worked
【答案】B
【解析】
试题分析：根据第一个说话人所说的“you are working”以及第二个说话人所说的“Quite right.”可知，第二个说话人现在正在大公司工作，再根据“for nearly a year(段时间)”可只A项为正确选项。现在完成进行时表示过去动作一直持续到现在，现在还在持续，将来可能还要继续下去。
考点：时态
26. —What about the details of the agreement?
—There is no hurry. I _____ a meeting in the sales department and then I’ll tell you.
A. am attending B. attended C. have attended D. had attended
【答案】A
【解析】
试题分析：句意：--协议的细节怎样？--别急，我正在销售部参加会议，等会儿再告诉你。依据后面的将来时可以判断前一句是进行时态，故选A。
考点: 考查时态
