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考点55 书面表达图画类
高考频度：★★★★★
图画作文是近年来高考书面表达考查的热点题型之一。它是指根据某幅图画所提供的图像信息写一篇短文或叙述一个故事；或通过几幅相关的图画说明某个问题或得出某个结论。体裁多样，可以是记叙文、议论文或说明文等。图画作文要求考生将画面所包含的有效信息直接运用英语思维转成英语，旨在避免考生运用汉语思维布局谋篇。
图画类作文的命题要求如下：
1. 图画作文的主要考查特点是生动、形象、直观、图文并茂。它要求行文时做到：主题明确，即文章能概括图画所反映的中心思想；图文一致，即文章能体现图画中所反映的主要内容。
2. 图画作文要求考生具有敏锐的观察力、丰富的想象力、严谨的逻辑思维能力、冷静的分析能力，以及最终将以上诸方面素质综合体现出来的良好的书面表达能力。
3. 写图画作文时要注意词汇与句型的精心选择，准确表达。表达过程中要注意图画信息的连接方式，尤其要注意句与句、段与段之间的意思连贯。为此，考生应学会灵活使用连接词、指示代词等，适当地根据自己的需要和文章的进展调整信息出现的顺序。
图画作文通常是给出一幅或多幅图片，要求考生仔细分析图片内容，并通过文字形式将图中所包含的思想内容准确地表达出来。试题具有以下特征：
1.素材贴近生活。图画类的书面表达一般都是中学生所熟悉的场景，画面生动形象，具有趣味性。以图为
载体，附带少量文字提示或说明。要求考生从体察入手，通过对画面的理解，发挥想象力，按照一定的
要求把图画内容准确、生动地加工成书面语言。
2.文体形式多样。图画式作文主要有记叙文、说明文和议论文；时态要视图画反映的内容而定，介绍人物
或叙述某件事的发展过程，通常用一般过去时，揭示或反映某件社会现象
图画类作文要求将画面所包含的信息转换成文字，旨在避免汉语思维，要求直接用英语思维。它要求根据图画提供的图像信息写一篇短文，包括叙述一个故事，或通过几幅相关的图画说明某个问题或得出结论。图画类作文就内容而言，可以写观察到的内容，也可以根据合理想象适当进行发挥来补充一些内容；就表达方式而言，可以单纯地理解、说明，也可以在说明中加以描写、叙述，因此该类文体不仅具有一定的观察分析能力，还要有较强的语言表达能力、想象力和逻辑思维能力。写好图画类作文的关键是：一定要根据自己掌握的词汇与熟悉的句型结构构思短文内容，并直接用英语表达，千万不要先想好一句句的中文，然后逐句译成英文，那样就往往会超出自己的英语水平，作文中就会出现＂生造＂的英语句子，难免会出错。另外，对于与图画无关的事要少写，还要注意人称、时态的呼应，整个作文要通篇考虑。
一、写作要领
1.准确审题。这是看图作文写作的基础。准确审题就是注意文体、人物和时态。
2.把握情境。这是看图作文的关键。要根据图画，合理想象，围绕特定的主题，把握情景，(利用图中人物
间的关系、人物的对话、人物的活动及所处场所，以及图中的文字说明和标识来)提炼要点等。
3.发表感想。围绕主题展开合理的想象，发表自己的联想或感想。
二、具体步骤
1.根据提示，全面审题
（1）确定体裁。针对此类题型，考生应仔细阅读图画及文字说明，首先确定文章体裁。目前图画作文的体
裁主要涉及记叙文、议论文和夹叙夹议文。对多幅图来说，体裁主要是记叙文，有时也会是夹叙夹议 文。多幅图有时反映了事件背后的某种现象，这样就需要加上适当的议论，进而变为夹叙夹议文。对 于单幅图来说，体裁主要为议论文。
（2）确定人称。如果以日记、回忆录等形式来写，一般采用第一人称；如果是以将故事的形式来写，则一 般采用第三人称。但不管用哪种人称，全文一般都必须一致。
（3）确定时态。根据图画内容及所采用的的文章体裁，确定文章所要用的时态。
（4）确定主题。在审题时，考生要认真分析图画所反映的内容以及出题者的意图，分析图画的表层含义和 深层含义，通过表层含义分析图画真正想要说明的问题是什么，从而挖掘出其深层含义以确定文章的 主题。
2. 认真读图，进行图文转换
图画是作文的信息基础。考生应对图画进行全面而细致的研究，尤其是要注意图画中人或物的特点和背景，确定人物之间、人物与背景之间的主要关系，以便正确掌握图画所传达的信息。如果图画以系列形式（即多幅）出现，考生除需掌握每一幅图画的信息外，还应该对图画之间的相互联系有所了解，从整体上把握图画所呈现的主要内容。然后将图画所传达的信息以文字的形式呈现出来，并对转换后的信息重新整合，确定主要内容。
3. 确定段落，草拟提纲
根据图画内容及体裁的不同采用不同的段落发展方式。一般情况下，图画作文可以当作三段式的提纲作文来写：第一段用来描述图画并揭示其寓意（寓意一般用一句话来概括），第二段分析原因，最后一段发表评论或提出建议。其中第二、三段是写作的重点。叙事型图画作文（通常会涉及多幅画，要求对某一事件的发生、发展进行描述）可根据图画的数目和具体内容来确定段落。
4. 斟词酌句，组句成文
根据要点内容，选择恰当的词语和固定结构。结合要点间的关系及文章的体裁，选择恰当的句子类型。
【特别提醒】
考生在写图画作文时，有时难以取得比较理想的成绩，其原因主要有：
1. 观察图画不细致，不能准确地对图画内容加以分析概括；
2. 分不清内容的主次，从而不能层次分明地表达作文的主题；
3. 图与图之间的意思不衔接、不连贯；
4. 找出的要点太乱、太杂，没有条理性；
5. 不能紧扣主题，随意发挥。
一、写作技巧
纵观近几年高考，图画作文大致可分为两类：事件记叙类和描画感怀类。对于事件记叙类图画作文而言，无非是要求考生按照图画次序将事件的发生、发展及结果表达出来，此类图画作文主要采用叙述这一表达方式。描图感怀类图画作文要求考生首先描写图画内容，之后在图画内容的基础上表达个人感想，此类图画作文通常采用描写和议论的写作手法。
1. 事件记叙类图画作文写作技巧
（1）大略审图，明确事件
一般而言，事件记叙类图画作文的图片不止一幅，我们首先要做的是大致浏览图片，找出所要记叙的事件是什么。
（2）图文转化，提炼要点
每幅图片都会传达特定的信息，因为图片是静态的，上面不可能传达太多的信息，所以单幅图片的信息量一般不会特别大。我们要把每幅图片所传达的信息找出来，这就是我们需要的要点，而所有要点集合起来也就是文章的提纲了。所以准确找出每幅图片的信息，并将它们用文字呈现出来是写好事件记叙类图画作文的关键所在。
（3）呈现要点，斟词酌句
对基础比较差的学生而言，为了保险起见，用常见的词和简单的句式将各幅图中的要点表述出来，并用适当的词或结构将它们串联起来就可以构成一篇完整的文章。准确地完成这 样一篇要点齐全的文章基本可以拿到比较理想的分数。如果能够在此基础上对文章的细节信 息进行合理的扩展，并对文章的句式、结构进行优化(采用比较高级的句式、结构等)，那么 得到一个很高的分数并非难事。
2. 描图感怀类图画作文写作技巧
描图感怀类图画作文通常只有一幅图。对于此类书面表达，所要做的基本上也就两项工作：描图和议论。描图和议论可以分为两个段落来呈现。
（1）认真读图，细致描图
将图中的内容用文字信息表述出来，这是一个比较客观的信息转化过程，不需要掺杂个人情感。
（2）理解图魂，理出寓意
从图画内容的描写中理出图画所要传达的主题，并推断出图画信息的寓意，这是对图画内容的升华，也是发表议论的基础。
（3）联系实际，发表感言
结合图画的寓意和生活实际，阐述个人的看法。这是图画寓意在现实生活中的回归。
二、常用句式
1. 描述图画部分
From the picture we can see that…
As is shown in the picture…
As we can see in the picture…
The picture shows us that…
This is a funny and instructive picture, from which we can see…
Look at the picture. It is a picture about…
2. 论述图画寓意及所反映现象部分
The picture reflects/implies that…
The picture illustrates a common phenomenon in today’s society.
Apparently, the picture reflects a major social problem.
This sight reminds me of something in my daily life.
What the picture reflects sets me thinking a lot.
3. 发表评论与观点部分
In my view/As for me/As far as I’m concerned, we should take measures to avoid this phenomenon happening again.
三、 写作模板
As is shown in the picture above,_________(图画的内容). The first thing we notice is that_________(图画的最大特点).This means that _________（进一步说明）. The implied meaning of the picture should be considered/taken into account seriously/paid more attention to. First, _________(分析、说明原因或结果①). Second/What’s more，________(分析、说明原因或结果②). Last but not least/Finally, ________(分析、说明原因或结果③) And the problem has aroused the great concern/care of the whole society/world/all the people around. In my view/As for me,we should take measures to deal with the problem shown in the picture. First, we should_________(措施、建议、办法①). And then we have to_________(措施、建议、办法②). Only in these ways can we solve/settle the problem of_________(图画主要问题).
题组一（高考真题）
Writing 1(2017·北京卷)
假设你是红星中学高三学生李华，请根据以下四幅图的先后顺序，写一篇英文周记，记录毕业前夕你们制作以“感恩母校”为主题的毕业纪念视频的全过程。
注意：词数不少于60。
提示词：视频 video
(请务必讲作文写在答题卡指定区域内)
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Writing 2(2016·北京卷)
假设你是红星中学高三一班的学生李华。你班同学参加了学校的＂地球日＂系列活动。请按照以下四幅图的先后顺序,以＂Actions for a Greener Earth＂为题,给校刊＂英语角＂写一篇英文稿件,介绍活动的全过程。
注意:词数不少于60。
提示词:地球日 Earth Day
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Writing 3(2015·福建卷)
请阅读右面图画，按要求用英语写一篇词数为120左右的短文。
内容要求：1.描述画面；
2.概述其含义；
3.谈谈个人感想。
注意:1.短文开头已给出，不计入总词数；
2.可适当发挥，使文章内容充实、行文连贯;
3.文中不能出现考生的具体信息。
参考词汇：凿，钻bore
In the picture，___________________________________________________________________________
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Writing 4(2014·辽宁卷)
假定你是学生会主席李华。学校将举办一次以＂校园生活·创意无限＂(Innovations on Campus)为主题的创意作品展评活动。请你根据以下图示，以短文形式用英语写一份书面通知。
注意: 1.词数100左右；
2.可以适当发挥，以使行文连贯；
3.开头及结尾已为你写好，不计人总词数。
参考词汇: 校园campus 创意作品innovation 颁奖prize-giving
Notice
An exciting event ＂Innovations on Campus＂ is around the corner. ________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
Come on, everybody! It’s your show time.
Student Union
Writing 5(2015·上海卷)
Directions: Write an English composition in 120–150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
学校即将举办＂读书节＂，目前正广泛征集＂读书节＂宣传册图片。假设你是该校学生潘阳，你已找到以下三幅图片，决定给读书节组委会写一封信，推荐其中一幅，你的信须包括以下内容：
1. 简单描述你想推荐的那幅图片；
2. 阐述你用这幅图片宣传＂读书节＂的理由。
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题组二（2017年名校模拟题）
Writing1(2017届北京市东城区高三上学期期末考试)
假设你是红星中学高三(1)班的学生李华。你和同学们在学校观看神舟十一号载人飞船发射直播。请按照以下四幅图的先后顺序，给校刊＂英语角＂写一篇英文稿件，介绍当天的活动。
注意：1.词数不少于60。
2. 开头已给出，不计入总词数。
参考词汇：点火:ignite
Last Monday I had an unforgettableexperience. I watched the launch of Shenzhou XI manned spacecraft through TV at school.
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Writing 2(2017届北京市西城区高三上学期期末考试)
假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。上周，你班同学为迎接新年的到来，为元旦联欢会精心策划准备。请你按照以下四幅图的先后顺序，以＂Preparations for New Year’s Party＂为题，给校刊写一篇英文
稿件，介绍准备联欢会的全过程。
注意：词数不少于60。
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Writing 3(2017届山西省太原市高三第三次模拟)
假设你是李华，5月1日你和同学参观了北京大学。请根据下图，用英语写一篇日记。
注意：
1.词数100左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3.开头已给出，不计入总词数。
May 1 Monday Fine
It's a fine day today and
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Writing 4(2017届江苏省南通、扬州、泰州、高三下学期第三次模拟考试)
请根据你对以下两幅图的理解，以“Opportunities favour the prepared mind ”为题，用英语写一篇作文。
你的作文应包括以下内容：
1. 简要描述两幅图的内容；
2. 概述你对两幅图中不同做法的理解；
3. 举例说明两幅图对你的启示。
注意：
1. 可参照图片适当发挥；
2. 作文词数150左右；
3. 作文中不得提及有关考生个人身份的任何信息，如校名、人名等。
Opportunities favour the prepared mind
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题组一
Writing 1
Graduation finally came. My classmates and I decided to do something. After a heated discussion, we agreed
on making a video to record our experiences at school.
Material collecting took us a whole week, during which we interviewed our teachers and took pictures of
every aspect of school life. The editing part after that was tough. We debated over what to put into the video. Some compromises were unavoidable, but the video turned out perfect. Several days later, when the video was played on the graduation ceremony, it was well received. The students and teachers shared a great time. That surely gave us a great sense of achievement.
【构思框架】
本文属于看图说话类作文。首先要读懂图片隐含的信息，本文有四幅图，而且要求是按先后顺序，所以一定要注意顺序的问题；其次，根据图片隐含的信息把每幅图的主题找到，然后分别写出每幅图的主题句，也就是说把文章主体部分的大纲要列好，最后结合自己的看法，写出相应的总结和感受。写作的过程中一定要注意先后顺序，巧用连接词，巧妙衔接，合理安排。
【亮点说明】本文内容齐全，结构严谨，层次分明，布局合理，语言精练，同时运用高级句子。非限制性定语从句的使用：…，during which we interviewed our teachers and took pictures of every aspect of school life.
时间状语从句的使用：when the video was played on the graduation ceremony。
Writing 2
【构思框架】
北京卷书面表达第二节照例给出的是四幅图画组成的一个小故事。对于这类看图作文，我们首先要根据图画读懂故事，提炼要点（通常一幅图就是一个要点），然后再结合要点布局谋篇，搜寻好词好句，然后组词或组句。
情景作文话题常规，＂地球日＂系列活动属于保护环境的体裁内容，属于常规考法。公告栏了解活动、分工制作、变废为宝的宣传活动、主题讲座都属于考前练习过的场景。故而总体难度适中。
涉及到的具体细节参考词汇：
图 1：a notice on the bulletin board, Actions for a Greener Earth, arouse students’ interest, learn about the activity
图 2：be divided into groups, transform waste into delicate articles, devote …to …
图 3：hold an activity in the nearby community, promote the awareness of Green Earth to more people, turn waste into wealth, show support, give the articles to neighbors
图 4：hold a lecture in the auditorium, introduce the whole process of … and the importance of …
【范文】
①A week before Earth Day, posters were put up around our school, calling upon us to join in the actions for a greener earth.
Our class came up with the idea to make better use of used materials. ②We brought to our classroom worn-out clothes, pieces of cardboard and empty plastic bottles, and turned those
into dolls, handbags, tissue boxes and small vases. That weekend, we went to a nearby neighborhood and gave them away to the people there. All were very happy with those unexpected gifts, especially little kids and elderly people. We did so well that we were invited to share our idea and experience with all the students of our school.
We are very proud of ourselves and believe we can do more for a better world.
Writing 3
【思路导航】
本题为看图写作，主题是古时候的一则成语＂凿壁偷光＂。首先，图画描述部分必须简要。然后结合图画讲述成语背后的故事，这部分的难点是要总结出成语的寓意。最后是表述个人观点，主要是成语给我们的启迪。注意条理要清晰，逻辑顺序和结构要恰当，同时要尽量保持简洁精干的内容，不拖泥带水。要注意题中所给的信息，不可偏题，应用文写作对于文章内容的要求是要达到写作目的。尽量保持卷面整洁，字体美观，注意行文的连贯性。
【范文】
In the picture, we can see a boy in worn clothes, sitting at a shabby wooden table with a pile of books on it. A weak ray of light came in through a small hole in the wall and he was absorbed in his reading.
This is a well-known story from an ancient Chinese idiom. The boy, being poor, couldn’t afford even a candle, so he bored a hole in the wall to ＂steal＂ light from his neighbor’s house to read at night. The moral of the story is: spare no effort to acquire knowledge and never get discouraged easily no matter how difficult the situation may be.
Of course, things are totally different today. It is not the story itself but what is reflected in the story that counts. Hard work pays off. We should take pains to improve ourselves through learning and get prepared for the future.
Writing 4
【思维导航】
这是一篇书面通知的书面表达，要求作为学生会主席李华，就学校举行的＂校园生活，创意无限＂的活动，给学生出一个书面通知，要点不是通过文字，而是通过图画表示出来，所以考生在写作的时候，要认真看图，通过图画找出所给的重要信息。有活动内容，活动时间地点，和联系人和电话等信息，弄清要点后，关键的是在写作的过程中，也要注意人称，时态语态和常见的语法问题，文章尽量简洁，但是要想得高分，要特别注意使用一些高级词汇和高级句型，如定语从句，强调句，倒装句等，让文章更上档次。
【范文】
Notice
An exciting event ＂Innovations on Campus＂ is around the corner. Every one of you is expected to be part of the event which encourages creative minds and gives full play to your DIY skills.
Note that your innovations must be school things. Along with your wonderful innovation, you need to hand in a report, explaining how the idea occurs to you and what materials you use.
All the collections will be on show from June 16 to 18 in the gym. Looking forward to the prize-giving ceremony? Sure! It’ll be held from 15:00 to 17:00 on June 18. So don’t miss the chance of being the winner. Your contribution will certainly make the event a huge success. For any questions. Call Li Hua at 44876655.
Come on, everybody! It’s your show time.
Student Union
Writing 5
【思维导航】
1. 仔细阅读有关提示，弄清试题提供的所有信息，明确从以上三张图片中选择一张。
2. 根据要表达的内容确定句子的时态、语态；就本文而言应该用一般现在时态。但是在具体事例阐述的时
候使用过去时。
3. 注意使用高级词汇和句式，以增加文章的亮点。
【范文】
Dear Sir/ Madam,
Since the Reading Festival is around the corner, I’m writing to recommend a picture which can be used in the brochure to remind the students of the pleasure of reading.
In the picture, three students are sitting at the table, discussing heatedly what they have just read. It seems that they have had a lot of fun through the discussion. Though it is admitted that reading is mostly a personal activity which needs quietness and concentration, as far as I’m concerned, it can also be a sharing experience when the same book is being appreciated. Just imagine that you have read a terrific detective story with fascinating and intricate plots. You are so amazed by the genius of the writer and you can’t help sharing it
with your classmates or best friends, who turn out to have been deeply impressed as well. The moment you mention the book, the passion and enthusiasm about the story will explode which can never be gained on your own. My ideal atmosphere of reading is just like that, through which you can not only appreciate the content by yourself, but also have the pleasure of sharing the plots or opinions with your peers, which will ultimately enhance your understanding of the book. To sum up, the reason of my recommendation is quite simple an d apparent that reading, instead of being dull and isolating, can be full of participation and common interest. I sincerely hope that you will take my suggestion into consideration and I’m looking forward to your early reply.
Yours sincerely,
Pan Yang
题组二
Writing 1
Last Monday I had an unforgettable experience. I watched the launch of Shenzhou XI manned spacecraft on TV at school.
Early in the morning, we gathered on the playground anxiously waiting for the launch. We all looked at the big screen attentively. Hearing ＂5, 4, 3, 2, 1. Ignite! Go!＂, I felt my heart beating fast. With a mass of orange flames, the spacecraft gradually flew into space, carrying our Chinese Dream. The moment it was announced that the launch was successfully accomplished, we burst into applause. We were so thrilled that we jumped, cheering the launch.
Later that day, we had a heated discussion about what to do to celebrate the launch. We finally reached an agreement to make a wall newspaper. When the designing was done, we set about working on it. All of us did our bit and the wall newspaper was soon finished.
I’ll never forget this precious moment. The magnificent launch not only impresses us deeply but motivates us to do our best at school so that we can also make some contributions to our country.
Writing 2
Preparations for New Year’s Party
Last Monday, realizing the new year of 2017 was coming, some of my classmates and I came up with an idea that we should hold a party to celebrate it. Without any delay we had a heated
discussion about what to prepare and put down all the things needed on a list. Right after school, we headed to the nearby supermarket for shopping. Besides the decorations, we also bought some fruit and drinks.
The day before the party, we started to decorate the classroom. While I was writing ＂Happy New Year＂ on the blackboard, my classmates put up the paper festoons and balloons, cleaned the floor, and arranged the desks and chairs. Soon, the whole classroom took on a new look. At the sight of the scene, our head teacher gave us a thumbs-up.
What a joyful party would it be? A big smile spread across our faces.
Writing 3
May 1 Monday Fine
It's a fine day today and we paid a visit to Beijing University. Early in the morning, we arrived at the gate where a professor gave us a warm welcome. We were then shown around.
We first went to the library with a large collection of books, where we saw students reading attentively. Next students sitting under trees, studying, which made a beautiful picture. At about 4 in the afternoon. We attended a lecture on science given by a famous professor. Before we knew it, it was time to say goodbye.
Now sitting at the table I feel very excited. I will make every effort to go to college.
Writing 4
The two pictures reveal two men take completely different attitudes to building a bright future. In Picture 1, a man is dreaming of opportunities for a bright future, but without any action, while Picture 2 shows another man devotes himself to his studies to get fully prepared.
The message conveyed here is clear, “Opportunities favour the prepared mind.” The difference between the two lies only in the way each treats opportunities. Successful people always make adequate preparations to seize opportunities. Unsuccessful people, on the other hand, work little and just wait, seeing them pass by.
To further stress the importance of our attitude towards opportunities, let’s take Liu Xiang for example. In order to win the gold medal in the Olympics, he trained hard every day and eventually made it. Therefore, we should spare no efforts to fulfill our dreams. It’s
universally acknowledged that we would accomplish nothing without actions and efforts.
