【英语】2018届二轮复习语法填空演练解题指导学案（9页word版） 10页

‎2018届二轮复习 语法填空演练解题指导 语篇型语法填空是全国新课标卷2014年的新题型。这一题型的出现改变了以往用单项填空来考查语法的形式，代之以在短文或者在以具体生活情境为内容的对话中考查语法及词汇的灵活运用，难度显然要高于原来的单项填空。‎ 一、语法填空 ‎1考查形式 字数 空格 纯空格填空 有提示词填空 每空 总分 ‎200左右 ‎10个 ‎3—4个 ‎6-7个 ‎1.5分 ‎15分 ‎2考查知识 纯空格填空 ‎（1）限定词（冠词、形容词性物主代词、some、any等）；‎ ‎（2）代词；‎ ‎（3）介词；‎ ‎（4）并列连词，状语从句的连词，名词性从句的连词，定语从句的关系词，疑问代词，疑问副词；‎ ‎（5）it（形式主语、形式宾语），虚义it，存在句中的引导词there；‎ ‎（6）强调结构中的that、who 的一些固定结构，倒装结构的功能词等。‎ 有提示词填空 ‎（1）名词；‎ ‎（2）形容词和副词的比较级和最高级；‎ ‎（3）词性转换；‎ ‎（4）动词时态、语态；‎ ‎（5）动词的单复数；‎ ‎（6）非谓语动词。‎ ‎32014-2015全国课标卷语法填空考点总结 ‎（1）纯空格填空 课标卷 冠词 介词 代词 并列 连词 状语/名词性 从句连词 定语从句 关系词 助动词 副词 ‎2015（I）‎ by that/which before/ earlier ‎2015（II）‎ the at how ‎2014（I）‎ the or that/which ‎2014（II）‎ to and did me/mine ‎（2）有提示词填空 课标卷 名词 形容词 代词 ‎ 副词 时态和语态 非谓语动词 ‎2015（I）‎ paintings its regularly arrived； ‎ is conducted；‎ living ‎2015（II）‎ ability natural slowly goes using；to cool；built ‎2014（I）‎ changes cleaner；‎ amazing；‎ patient actually was to reduce ‎2014（II）‎ disappointed suddenly caught being；to stop；riding ‎4考查能力 ‎（1）理解语篇的能力；‎ ‎（2）分析句子结构的能力；‎ ‎（3）熟练运用语法的能力；‎ ‎（4）熟练运用词汇的能力。‎ 二、做题技巧 ‎1通读全文，把握语篇 首先通读全文，把握好文章的大意和层次，为下一步“填空”做好“语义”上的准备，因为“语义”决定了空格处应填一个什么意思的词语和采用什么样的语法形式。‎ ‎2边读边填，先易后难 了解文章大意之后，就可以动手填空了。分析句子结构，确定空格中应该填写的词，边读边填，遇到一时想不出来的答案，不要用太多时间停留在此题上，先跳过去，做后面的题，待填完其他空格后，再回过头来细细推敲此空的语义，填入最佳单词。‎ ‎3验证复查，清除难点 将所有答案填入空格，并把整篇文章从头至尾读一遍，看其在逻辑、语法结构、搭配等方面是否有误。‎ 三、教授语法填空的建议 ‎1夯实基础，抓好词汇的训练 从高一开始，教师就可以有针对性地训练学生做语法填空的能力。教师在讲单词时，讲授一些重点单词的词性转换，让学生有针对性地做一些单句中出现的词性转换题，这些是做语法填空的基础。‎ ‎2培养学生分析句子的能力 让学生熟练掌握句子的基本成分、简单句的五种基本句型和复合句的各种从句。这是做好语法填空的关键。在平时教学中，教师可以从阅读课文中选出长难句让学生进行分析并进行指导讲解，逐步提高学生分析长难句的能力。‎ ‎3语篇阅读能力的培养 教师可以选一些逻辑性比较强的英语短文，设计成填空练习题，让学生填空，培养学生的阅读能力。也可以多做一些与高考形式一致的语法填空题，最好能利用科技手段做完练习后，及时收到测试结果报告，这样学生可以及时查漏补缺，有效地提高做题能力，达到事半功倍的效果。‎ 典题演练 ‎ A For more than six million American children, coming home after school means __1__ (come) to an empty house. Some deal with the situation by watching TV. Some may hang out outside. __2__ all of them have something in common. They spend part of each day alone. They __3__ (call) latchkey children — they are children who look after themselves while their parents work. And their bad situation has become a subject of concern.‎ A headmaster of an elementary school said that there was a school rule against wearing jewelry. A lot of kids had chains around their necks with keys __4__(attach). He was constantly telling them to put them inside shirts. There were so many keys, __5__ he slowly learned were house keys.‎ He began talking to the children who had them. Then he learned the influence working couples and single parents were having __6__ their children. Fear is the biggest problem faced by children at home alone. Many had nightmares and were worried about their own __7__(safe)．‎ The most common way latchkey children deal with this is by hiding. It might be in a bathroom, under a bed __8__ in a closet. The second is TV. They’ll watch it with the volume turned up high. Most parents don’t realize __9__ (it) effect on their children and most parents are slow to admit the fact __10__ they leave their children alone.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了美国“挂钥匙儿童”这一社会问题。‎ ‎1．coming　mean to do sth.“打算做某事”；mean doing sth.“‎ 意味着”。根据语境可知，此处表示放学回家意味着回到一个空房子，故填coming。‎ ‎2．But　根据语境可知，一些孩子看电视，一些在外面闲逛。空后又说“have something in common”，故填转折连词But。‎ ‎3．are called　主语They与call之间构成动宾关系，且根据“they are”可知，该句为一般现在时态，应填are called。‎ ‎4．attached　此处为“with＋宾语＋宾补”结构，keys与attach是动宾关系，故填attached。‎ ‎5．which　分析句子结构可知，此处为非限制性定语从句，从句缺少主语且先动词为keys，指物，故填which。‎ ‎6．on　have influence on sb.“对某人有影响”，故填on。‎ ‎7．safety　根据句意可知，此处指很多孩子做噩梦并担心他们自己的安全，应用名词形式，故填safety。‎ ‎8．or　根据句意可知，此处指有可能藏在卫生间、床底下或壁橱里。表示选择，故填or。‎ ‎9．its　根据句意可知，此处表示电视对孩子的影响，故填its。‎ ‎10．that　根据句意可知，此处指大多数父母迟迟不肯承认他们不管孩子这个事实；分析句子结构可知，这是同位语从句且不缺成分。故填that。‎ B I can still recall the day when I sat on the stairs of a temple in Nepal. The square before the temple __1__ (become) very muddy as a ‎ result of the rain. We had to walk on a path made by a line of bricks on the muddy ground.‎ A friend of __2__ (I) complained all the way while she stepped on the bricks __3__ (walk) towards me. Looking around she said very __4__ (patience), “Disgusting indeed! What __5__ I fall into the dirty water？”‎ Since I knew her very well, I nodded cautiously __6__ (comfort) her by my silent sympathy.‎ A few minutes later another friend came __7__ the same scene. She stepped on the brick path dancing briskly and singing，“Jump, jump, jump！” until she reached the dry ground. She couldn’t help shouting, “__8__ fun it is！” Eyes beaming with joy, she made the remarks, “The __9__ (please) thing of the rainy season is that one can entirely be free from dust.”‎ In the eyes of the two there __10__ (be) two different worlds. As the world has a population of 7 billion, it follows that there should be 7 billion worlds.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者回忆起在尼泊尔发生的一件事：两位朋友在面对雨后泥泞的道路时，看法完全不一样，一位为此而抱怨，一位则为此而欣喜。因此，不同的人眼中的世界是不同的。‎ ‎1．became/had become　根据上下文语境可知，此处可用一般过去时，表示过去发生的动作；因为“道路变得泥泞”这一动作发生在“sat”之前，所以此处也可用过去完成时。故填became/had become。‎ ‎2．mine　根据语境可知，作者的一位朋友一路上一直在抱怨，此处应用I的名词性物主代词作介词“of”的宾语。故填mine。‎ ‎3．walking　分析句子结构可知，主语“she”和动词walk之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系，所以此处应用walk的现在分词形式作状语。故填walking。‎ ‎4．impatiently　分析词法知识可知，此处应用副词修饰动词“said”；根据语境可知，作者的那位朋友很不耐烦地抱怨着，故应用否定形式。故填impatiently。‎ ‎5．if　what if是固定搭配，意为“如果……该怎么办”，符合语境。故填if。‎ ‎6．to comfort　根据语境可知，作者点头是为了安慰那位朋友，此处应用动词不定式表目的。故填to comfort。‎ ‎7．to　句意：几分钟之后，另一位朋友来到了同一个地方。come to意为“来到(某地)”，符合语境。故填to。‎ ‎8．What　根据句法结构可知，fun是不可数名词，所以此处应用what引导这个感叹句。故填What。‎ ‎9．most pleasant/most pleasing　句意：在雨季，最令人高兴的是人们可以完全避开灰尘。此处应用please的形容词形式pleasant/pleasing(令人愉快的)的最高级。故填most pleasant/most pleasing。‎ ‎10．were　纵观全文时态并结合语境可知，此处应用一般过去时；there be结构后的“two different worlds”为复数概念，所以此处be动词应用一般过去时的复数形式。故填were。‎