2020届二轮复习语法突破考点八动词的时态和语态课件（广东专用） 31页

考点八　动词的时态和语态 - 2 - - 3 - 第 1 步 　 技法探究 一、常考的各种时态的主动和被动形式 - 4 - 二、常考各种时态的用法 1. 一般现在时 (1) 表示经常发生的、习惯性的动作 , 通常用 usually,often , always,sometimes,every day,once a week 等作时间状语。 例 :I usually have my hair cut once a month. The students often do their experiments in the lab. (2) 表示客观真理、格言以及不受时间限制的客观存在。 例 :The earth moves around the sun. A bird in hand is worth two in the bush. (3) 表示按时间表、计划、规定发生的动作。 例 :The train leaves at 2:35 this afternoon. - 5 - (4) 在主句是一般将来时的时间、条件、让步状语从句中代替将来时。 例 :You will succeed if you try your best. Even if it rains tomorrow.the football match will take place. - 6 - 2. 现在进行时 (1) 表示说话时正在进行的动作或存在的状态。 例 :Our friends are waiting for us outside now. (2) 表示现阶段正在进行的动作或发生的事情。 例 :She is learning English at college. (3) 某些短暂性动词 , 如 come,go,start,open,close,arrive,return,begin,leave 等用于进行时 , 表示按计划、安排即将发生的动作。 例 :My father is coming to see me this Saturday. He is leaving for Beijing next week. (4) 某些动词的进行时表示慢慢地、渐渐地发生变化。 例 :I ’ m forgetting English. She is losing her eyesight. - 7 - 注意 : 表示存在、拥有、认知、情感等的动词一般不用于进行时态 , 常见的有 keep,stay,remain,consist of,contain,have,belong to,possess,own,hold,sound,look,seem,appear,smell,taste,feel,see,hear,understand,know,suppose,remember,admit,forget,believe,think,like,love,hate,prefer 等。 - 8 - 3. 现在完成时 (1) 表示过去的动作对现在的影响或结果 , 常用 recently,lately,ever,never,once,before,yet,just 等作时间状语。 例 :He hasn ’ t heard any news from his son lately. Have you ever been to London? (2) 表示开始于过去某一时刻 , 一直持续到现在而且还有可能继续下去的动作。常用 so far,up till now,since,for a long time,in the past/last few years,these days 等作时间状语。 例 :So far no life has been found outside the earth. He has learned 5,000 English words since he went to college. (3)“This/It is+the + 序数词 + time+that ...” 句式中 ,that 后的从句用现在完成时。 例 :This is the second time that I have visited the university. - 9 - 4. 现在完成进行时 (1) 表示开始于过去某个时间、一直持续到现在而且会继续进行下去的动作。 例 :I am very tired.I have been painting the house all the afternoon. (2) 表示到目前为止的一段时间里一直反复进行的动作。 例 :I have been calling him several times this morning,but there is no answer. - 10 - 辨析 : 现在完成进行时与现在完成时 现在完成进行时强调 “ 动作 ” 的持续性 , 表示 “ 未完成 ” 的含义 ; 现在完成时则强调 “ 时间 ” 的经过或动作产生的 “ 结果 ”, 表示 “ 已完成 ” 的含义。 - 11 - 5. 一般过去时 (1) 表示在过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态 , 常用 yesterday,last year,in 1995,the other day 等作时间状语。 例 :It was a terrible piece of work you turned in yesterday. He came to work here two weeks ago. (2) 在时间、条件从句中代替过去将来时。 例 :He said he would not go if it rained. (3) 有些句子 , 虽然没有明确的表示过去的时间状语 , 但实际上指的是过去发生的动作或状态 , 也要用一般过去时。常见的此类动词有 know,think,expect 等 , 表示 “ 本来认为 ” 。 例 :I didn ’ t expect to meet you here. I thought he had heard the news. - 12 - 辨析 : 一般过去时与现在完成时 一般过去时表示在过去某个时间发生的事情、存在的状态或经常发生的动作 , 不强调对现在产生的影响 , 常与确定的过去时间状语连用 ; 而现在完成时表示发生在过去的动作对现在造成的影响或结果 , 或一直持续到现在 , 不和确定的过去时间状语连用。 - 13 - 6. 过去完成时 (1) 表示在过去某一时间或某一动作发生之前已经完成的动作 , 即 “ 过去的过去 ” 。 例 :By the end of last term,we had learned 2,000 words. He had left before I got home. (2) hope,expect,think,intend,want,suppose 等用于过去完成时 , 表示未实现的希望、打算或意图 , 意为 “ 原本 ……” 。 例 :We had expected that you would be able to win the match. (3)“It/This/That was+the + 序数词 + time+that ...” 句式中 ,that 后的从句用过去完成时。 例 :It was the third time that he had made the same mistake. (4)“hardly/scarcely...when...” 和 “no sooner...than...” 结构中 , 主句用过去完成时。 例 :Hardly had the game started when it started to rain. - 14 - 7. 过去进行时 (1) 表示过去某一时刻或阶段正在进行的动作或发生的事情。 例 :She was writing a book about China last year,but I don ’ t know whether she has finished it. (2) 表示过去一个动作发生时另一个动作正在进行。 例 :It was raining as the medical team made its way to the front. He was watching TV in the living room when someone knocked at the door. (3) 短暂性动词 come,go,leave,arrive,begin 等用于过去进行时 , 表示按计划、安排在过去某个时间将要发生的动作。 例 :They were coming to attend the meeting a few days later. - 15 - 8. 一般将来时 一般将来时表示将来某个时间将要发生的动作或存在的状态 , 也表示将来经常或反复发生的动作。 (1)“shall/will+ 动词原形 ” 表示将来 , 往往指客观上势必要发生的事情或没有计划 , 临时做出的打算。 shall 用于第一人称 ,will 用于第二、三人称。 例 :When will you be able to give us a reply? We shall have a lot of rain next month. —Where is the telephone book? —I ’ ll go and get it for you. (2)be going to do 形式表示将来 , 一般指按计划、打算要做某事 , 或有迹象要出现的情况。 例 :I am going to buy a computer this summer. It is going to be fine tomorrow. - 16 - (3)be to do 表示将来 , 一般指按计划或安排要做某事 , 或按职责、义务和要求必须去做某事。 例 :She is to get married next week. I am to buy some books this afternoon. (4)be about to do 表示将来 , 多指不久或即将要发生的动作 , 不强调主观 , 不能与表示具体时间的状语连用。 例 :The train is about to leave. - 17 - 9. 过去将来时 过去将来时表示从过去某个时间来看将要发生的动作或存在的状态。这种时态通常有个过去时间或动作作参照。 例 :He said he would wait for us at the bus stop. She was about to open the door when the telephone rang. 10. 将来进行时 将来进行时用 will/shall be doing 形式表达 , 表示将来某个时间正在进行的动作。 例 :Please don ’ t come at ten tomorrow morning.I will be having a meeting. What will you be doing at six tomorrow evening? - 18 - 三、被动语态 1. 使用被动语态的情况 (1) 不知道或没有必要知道谁是动作的执行者时。 例 :The young man was injured in the car accident. (2) 需要强调动作的承受者时。 例 :Books and newspapers in the reading room mustn ’ t be taken away. (3) 为了使语气婉转 , 避免提及自己或对方时。 例 :Everybody is expected to obey the following rules. (4) 动作的执行者不是人而是无生命的事物时。 例 :The windows were broken by strong wind. (5) 有些习惯用法只以或常以被动语态形式出现。 例 :I am determined to take medicine. - 19 - 2. 主动语态与被动语态的转化 (1) 最基本的变化是将主动句的宾语变为被动句的主语 , 主动句的谓语变为 “be+ 及物动词的过去分词 ” 形式 , 主动句中的主语变为 by 结构 , 有时可省略。 例 :We will discuss the plan tomorrow.→The plan will be discussed tomorrow(by us). (2) 谓语动词有两个宾语 , 变成被动语态时 , 通常将指人的间接宾语转化成主语 , 有时也可将指物的直接宾语转化成主语。 例 :The mother gave the child some money.→The child was given some money(by the mother). 或 Some money was given to the child(by the mother). - 20 - 注意 : 用直接宾语作被动语态的主语时 , 通常要在间接宾语前加上适当的介词 ( 如 to,for 等 ), 以加强间接宾语的语气。 They awarded him the Nobel Prize.→The Nobel Prize was awarded to him. (3) 谓语动词后跟复合宾语 , 变成被动语态时 , 宾语转化成主语 , 宾语补足语不变化 , 但相应成为主语补足语。 They painted the house white.→The house was painted white(by them). (4) 带有宾语从句的句子变成被动语态时 , 通常用 it 来作为被动句的形式主语 , 谓语动词改为 be done 结构 , 宾语从句保持不变。 例 :They said that he had gone abroad to study English.→It was said that he had gone abroad to study English. - 21 - 3. 没有被动语态的动词 不及物动词 , 一些表示状态及拥有的及物动词 , 以及 have,get,owe,belong to,cost 等动词或短语动词没有被动语态形式。 例 :This hall can hold 500 people. The house belongs to my uncle. His careless driving cost him his life. - 22 - 第 2 步 　 真题试做 1 .(2019· 广东 )He was very sad. That 　　　　 (bring) an end to the man’s beautiful dream.  2 .(2018· 广东 )They can be 　　　　 (see) in many factories today and have gone to such far places as the moon.  3 .(2017· 广东 )At school,she 　　　　 (creative) many interesting projects and won some prizes.  brought 解析 : 由第一句可知句子用一般过去时态 , 故答案为 brought 。 seen 解析 : They 指代 robots, 与动词 see 构成被动关系 , 需用被动语态 , 故填 seen 。 created 解析 : 由 won 可知句子用一般过去时态 , 故答案为 created 。 - 23 - 5 .(2018· 课标高考 Ⅲ )True to a gorilla’s unaggressive nature, the huge animal 　　　　 (mean) me no real harm.  6 .(2017· 课标高考 Ⅰ )When fat and salt 　 　　　 (remove) from food, the food tastes as if is missing something.  4 .(2018· 课标高考 Ⅱ )Since 2011, the country 　　 　　 (grow) more corn than rice.  has grown 解析 : 根据时间状语 “since 2011” 以及语境可知用现在完成时态。 meant 解析 : 文章叙述的是过去发生的事 , 应用一般过去时态。 are removed 解析 : 本空在状语从句中作谓语 , 主语是 fat and salt, 谓语动词用复数 ; 语境表示 “ 食物中的脂肪和盐分被去掉 ”, 故用一般现在时的被动语态。 - 24 - 7 .(2017· 课标高考 Ⅰ )Fast food 　　　　 (be) full of fat and salt.  8 .(2017· 课标高考 Ⅱ )Later, engineers 　　　 　 (manage) to construct railways in a system of deep tunnels( 隧道 ),which became known as the Tube.  9 .(2017· 课标高考 Ⅲ )Sarah 　　 　　 (tell) that she could be Britain’s new supermodel, earning a million dollars in the next year.  is 解析 : 这里表示事实情况 , 故用一般现在时。 managed 解析 : 表示过去发生的动作 , 用一般过去时。 was told/has been told 解析 : Sarah 和 tell 之间是被动关系 , 而且动作发生在过去 , 因此用一般过去时或现在完成时的被动语态。 - 25 - 10 .(2017· 课标高考 Ⅲ )But at the moment, school 　　　　 (come) first.  comes 解析 : 由时间状语 at the moment 可知 , 这里是指现在的情况 , 因此用一般现在时。 - 26 - 第 3 步 　 模拟通关 1 .(2019· 广东中山高二测试 )So far,research 　　 　　 (show)that people who forgive can have more energy,better appetite and better sleep.  2 .(2019· 广东揭阳第一次段考 )He had wild black hair flecked with gray and 　　　 　 (wear)a pink shirt and silk slippers.  3 .(2019· 广东肇庆期中考试 )Then he 　　　　 (hide) behind a tree and waited.  has shown 解析 : 由时间状语 so far 可知 , 应用现在完成时 ; 主语 research 是单数名词 , 与 show 之间是主动关系 , 应用主动语态 , 故用 has shown 。 was wearing 解析 : 由于描述当时所穿的衣服、鞋子等 , 故用过去进行时。 hid 解析 : 根据 and 后面的 waited 可知 , 与之并列的动作也发生在过去 , 须用一般过去时。 - 27 - 4 .(2019· 广东汕头期中考试 )The night 　　　　 (be)very dark. Some neighbors will come along later in the dark and will fall against the stone.  5 .(2019· 广东潮州第一次月考 )At my school,“dress down” tickets 　　　　 (sell)on school days.  6 .(2019· 广东珠海联考 )I just graduated from West Coast University. I 　　 　　 (receive)job skill training just before that,but I had never worked.  will be 解析 : 根据后面句子中的 will come along 可知 , 指将会发生的情况。 are sold 解析 : 分析 tickets 与 sell 的语义关系可知 , 应用一般现在时的被动语态。 had received 解析 : 此处根据 just before that 可知 , 我在之前受过职业技能的培训 , 根据上句中的过去时可知 , 此处应用过去完成时。 - 28 - 7 .(2019· 广东惠州模拟 )Doctors and scientists 　 　　　 (learn)a great deal about sleep in the last thirty years.  8 .(2019· 广东湛江基础测试 )By that time,she ____________________ (accept)by Yale University and Harvard University in the US.  9 .(2019· 广东茂名联考 )In some companies,the addicted players 　　 　　 (allow)to play video games only on stressful days,but their bosses will check their computers from time to time to make sure that they are doing their work.  have learned 解析 : 根据 in the last thirty years 可知 , 用现在完成时。 had been accepted 解析 : 根据 by that time 可知 , 此处用过去完成时 ,she 与 accept 之间为被动关系 , 故填 had been accepted 。 are allowed 解析 : players 与 allow 之间为被动关系 , 此处讲述的是一般事实 , 所以用一般现在时的被动语态 , 故填 are allowed 。 - 29 - 10 .(2019· 广东江门期末考试 )As the best candidate,I _____________ (appoint)to collect and evaluate information for a database about diverse natural disasters,such as hurricanes,typhoons or thunderstorms. Sometimes I did this...  11 .(2019· 广东深圳期末考试 )One day,when I was drawing diagrams on the balcony and he 　　 　　 (bathe) inside,the volcano erupted unexpectedly.  was appointed 解析 : 主语 I 与 appoint 之间为被动关系 , 由后面的 “I did this...” 可知 , 应用一般过去时的被动语态。 was bathing 解析 : 由前面的 “I was drawing diagrams” 可知本句应用过去进行时 ;and 连接的并列句也要保持时态一致。 - 30 - 12 .(2019· 广东湛江期末考试 )We_____________________________ (reduce)emission of air pollutants in recent years,but cars are still major source of them.  have reduced/have been reducing 解析 : 由句中的时间状语 in recent years 可知 , 应用现在完成时或现在完成进行时。 13 .(2019· 广东广州十校联考 )He 　　　　 (bury)himself in mathematics and began developing a mathematical theory that would later become calculus( 微积分 ).  buried 解析 : 由 and 后的并列谓语 began 可知此处表示过去的状况 , 所以填 buried 。 - 31 - 14 .(2019· 广东东莞模拟 )I noticed a man sitting at the front. He 　　　 　 (pretend) that a tiger toy was real and giving it a voice.  15 .(2019· 广东珠海适应性检测 ) Oh,it looks like Professor Brown is here. I 　　　　 (talk) to you some more after class.  was pretending 解析 : pretend 是过去动作 “ 注意到前面坐着一个男人 ” 同时发生的 , 故本句用过去进行时。 will talk 解析 : 根据前一句的时态及 after class 判断 ,talk 是将要发生的动作 , 故填 will talk 。