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- 2021-05-20 发布
2018届二轮复习 完形填空空格信息设置设题5方面
1. 背景常识
将相关信息和我们原有的生活经验、文化背景知识以及科普常识等结合起来,进行简单推理,从而得出正确答案。事实上,该技巧与“逻辑推断”常常交织在一起,因为虽有背景常识,但仍需简单推理;逻辑推理离不开背景常识。如:
Where do you go when you want to learn something? School? A friend? A tutor? These are all 41 places of learning. (2015新课标卷Ⅱ)
A. public B.traditional
C. official D. special
解析:根据常识,学校、朋友和老师都是很传统的(traditional)学习渠道,故选B。
2. 前后搭配
主要指动词与介词的搭配、动宾搭配及句式搭配等。能不能搭配,除涉及词语的用法外,还需结合常识来判断。如:
It 57 me that playing against the other team was a great learning moment for all the girls on the team. (2015新课标卷Ⅱ)
A. confused B. struck
C. reminded D. warned
解析:因It strucksb. that… (某人突然想到……)是固定句式,故选B项。
3. 词语同现
某些语义相关联的词语在语篇中有同时出现的倾向性,叫词语同现,也有人称之为“词场”。同现词之间有反义或相对关系,或者同类互补关系等。如ill,hospital, doctor, nurse, operation, medicine, patient等一类相互关联的词语就有同时出现在一个语篇中的可能性。如:
In the store, I asked each of my kids to 45 something they thought our “friend” there would appreciate. (2015新课标卷I)
A. draw B.say
C. arrange D.pick
解析:因store(商店), pick(挑选东西)相互关联,是可能同时出现的,而store与其他选项同时出现的可能性很小,即一般不会在商店里“画”东西,“说”东西,或“安排”东西,故选D项。
4. 词语复现
词语复现是指某一个词以原词或同义词等方式在同一语篇中重复出现。语篇中的句子通过复现关系达到相互衔接的目的。
词语复现又可分为原词复现、同源词复现(又叫同根词复现)、同义或近义词复现(包括与近义词的同根词复现,如ill与sickness)、上下义复现(即总括与分述,如animal 是sheep, tiger,wolf等的上义词;rose 是flower 的下义词)、反义复现(如wrong与right)等。了解词语复现这种衔接手段,有助于快速准确地解答完形填空题。如:
I mastered the skills of that beginning level position and I was given the opportunity(机会)to move up through the company into different 31 . (2009新课标卷Ⅱ)
A. situations B. choices
C.directions D. positions
解析:由前文中的position(职位)一词提醒,再结合句意,可知选D项。positions是原词复现。
My first job was just one I decided to try for a couple of years until I 49 what I want to do as a career(职业). (2009新课标卷Ⅱ)
A. determined B. examined
C. experienced D. introduced
解析:根据上文的decided(决定)一词可知,答案是determined(决定)。两者是同义词复现。
I had the chance of seeing this first hand on a 44 . This led to some painful experiences on Saturday …(2015新课标卷Ⅱ)
A. trip B.holiday
C. weekend D. square
解析:由下文的Saturday可知,此处指weekend(周末),这是上下义复现,其中weekend是上义词,而Saturday是下义词。
5.逻辑关系
根据上下文的逻辑关系来推断正确答案。逻辑关系包括因果关系、对比关系、并列关系、转折关系、让步关系、递进关系、条件与结果的关系等。如:
My 10-year-old noticed him and make a comment on how bad it must be to have to stand 44 in the cold wind. (2015课标卷Ⅰ)
A. outside B. proudly
C. by D. angrily
解析:因为是“在寒风中(in the cold wind)”,所以那人一定是站在外面(outside),故选A项。
A pair of gloves may be a 35 thing, but it can make a big difference in winter. (2013课标卷Ⅱ)
A. small B. useful
C. delightful D. comforting
解析:由表示转折关系的but可知,该空填的词在意义上和big(大的)相反,故选A项。