2018届二轮复习动词时态和语态及主谓一致课件（62张） 62页

2018 届二轮复习 动词 时态和语态及主谓一致 真题再练 在下列各句空白处填入所给词的正确形式，并说明理由。 1.(2015 卷 I·61) It was raining lightly when I _________(arrive) in Yangshuo just before dawn. But I didn’t care. 由主句谓语动词“ was raining” 和后句的谓语动词“ didn’t care” 可知， arrive 应用一般过去时。句意是“当我们在天亮前到达阳朔时，正在下着小雨”。 arrived 2.(2015 卷 I·67) Yangshuo _____ (be) really beautiful. A study of travelers conducted by the website Trip Advisor names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations in the world. 指目前的状态或客观存在的状态，用一般现在时，下句谓语动词 names 是一般现在时，也有提示作用；主语 Yangshuo 是第三人称单数，故填 is 。 is 3.(2015 卷 II·68) At the same time, they warm up again for the night. This cycle _____ (go) day after day. The walls warm up during the day and cool off during the night and thus always a timely offset ( 抵消 ) for the outside temperatures. 因上句谓语动词“ warm up” 与下句中的谓语动词“ warm up” 和“ cool off” 都是一般现在时，故此处的 go 也用一般现在时才能保持时态一致；主语 This cycle 是第三人称单数，故填 goes 。 goes 4.(2014 卷 I·61) In 1969, the pollution was terrible along the Cuyahoga River near Cleveland, Ohio. It ____(be) unimaginable that it could ever be cleaned up. 指 1969 年的情况，用一般过去时，上下句谓语动词的时态 (was, could) 也提示我们用一般过去时，指当时无法想象；又因主语 It 是第三人称单数，故填 was 。 was 5.(2014 卷 II·45) A boy on a bike ________ (catch) my attention. He was riding beside the bus and waving his arms. 在句中作谓语，考虑时态和语态； a boy 与 catch 是主动关系，又由语境 ( 如 was riding) 可知用一般过去时，故填 caught 。 caught 6.(2014 样卷 ·1) Mum: (putting on her coat) I’m going to have to go down to the shop for more bread. Alan: Why? Mum: I’m not sure what _________ (happen). I made some sandwiches earlier and left them on the table when I went to answer the phone. But someone must have taken them because they’re gone. 在宾语从句中， what 是主语， happen 应为谓语动词，故要考虑其时态；从下文 made, left, went, must have taken( 一定已拿走 ) 等可知，用一般过去时。 happened 7.(2014 样卷 ·9) Alan: (opening the fridge door) Well, it wasn’t me. But Mum, look! Are these your sandwiches here on the bottom shelf of the fridge? Mum: Are they there? Oh, my goodness. I ____ ________ (put) them there when the phone rang. 从语境中可知，意思是“我一定是在电话铃响时把它们放进那里了”，对过去情况的推测，表示“一定已经”，用“ must have done” 。 ( 注：像此题这样需要考生根据上下文语气增加情态动词且用完成式这种复杂形式，在高考语法填空中考查的可能性极小 ) must have put 思路点拨 当句中缺少谓语动词时，括号中的动词就是谓语动词。此时要考虑时态、语态、语气、主谓一致等四个方面。 1. 时态 确定时态的四条依据： (1) 依据上下文时态一致。看上下文谓语动词是什么时态 ( 过去 / 现在 / 将来 ) ，空格要填的动词时态一般应与上下文的时态一致。这是高考语法填空中确定时态的最重要的依据 ( 如上述真题 3 和 4) 但需注意：客观事实或真理可能时态不一致；直接引语的时态会与引号外的时态不一致。 (2) 依据并列谓语动词的时态一致。如： (2015 广东卷 ) While making great efforts to run away, she _____ (fall) over the hill and died. 解析： 由 and died 可知，与之并列的 fall 也用一般过去时，故填 fell 。 fell (3) 依据时间状语。如 recently, so far, up to now, up to the present, in the past few years 常与现在完成时连用； by the end of, since 1980, for three years 常与完成时连用。 (4) 依据固定句式。请熟读以下句式并体会句中的时态。 This is the second time that I have spoken to a foreigner. 这是我第二次同外国人讲话。 It was the second time that I had spoken to a foreigner. 这是我第二次同外国人讲话。 Hardly had I got on the bus when it started to move. 我一上公交车，就开动了。 I had no sooner lain down than the telephone rang . 我刚躺下，电话铃就响了。 I was doing my homework when she suddenly walked in . 我正在做作业，突然她走了进来。 I was about to do my homework when she suddenly walked in. 我正要做作业，突然她走了进来。 I was on the point of going out when the phone rang. 我正要出去，电话响了。 2. 语态 主语是谓语动词的执行者，即谓语动词与主语在逻辑上是主动关系，用主动语态；主语是谓语动词的承受者，即谓语动词与主语在逻辑上是动宾关系，用被动语态。如： (2014 广东卷 ) … but the man at the front desk said there had been a mistake. We __________(tell) that our rooms hadn’t been reserved for that week… 解析： 句中 tell ( 告诉 ) 后没有 sb.( 人 ) 作宾语，由 tell sb. sth. 这一句型可知，要用被动语态；又由上下文的时态可知，用一般过去时；主语是 we ，构成被动语态的 be 用 were ，故填 were told 。 were told 3. 语气 是否用虚拟语气，主要由一些特殊的词或句式来决定，详见考点归纳。如 ： (2012 广东卷 ) Mary will never forget the first time she saw him. He suddenly appeared in class one day, wearing sunglasses. He walked in as if he ______ _______(buy) the school. And the word quickly got around that he was from New York City. had bought 解析： 因 buy 在主格人称代词 he 后 , 显然是作谓语 ; 又由语境可知，他不是真的买下了这个学校 , 只是他走进来时的那种气势好像是买下了这所学校一样，故应用虚拟语气，与过去事实相反，故填 had bought 。 4. 主谓一致 一般来说，主语是单数，谓语动词用单数 ; 主语是复数，谓语动词用复数。以上［真题再练］的第 2, 3, 4 题都涉及主谓一致。又如： (2008 广东卷 ) Being too anxious to help an event develop often _______ (result) in the contrary to our intention. 解析： 句中 Being too anxious to help an event develop 是动名词短语作主语， result 应是谓语动词；“急于求成，往往会事与愿违”是客观真理，应当用一般现在时；动名词短语作主语，谓语用第三人称单数形式，故填 results 。 results 考点归纳 谓语动词涉及时态、语态、语气、主谓一致等四个考点。以下重点提醒其中两个。 1. 时态 尽管课标或考纲中列出了 10 种时态，但近两年全国卷和九年广东卷的高考真题只考查了一般现在时和一般过去时两种时态。 现在 时态 构成 ( 以 do 为例 ) 过去 时态 构成 ( 以 do 为例 ) 注意 变化 一般将来 时 will do 过去将来 时 would do will→ would 一般现在 时 do/does 一般过去 时 did do/does→ did 尽管如此，以下 8 种时态的基本用法和构成还是应掌握的： 现在 时态 构成 ( 以 do 为例 ) 过去 时态 构成 ( 以 do 为例 ) 注意变化 现在进行 时 am /is/are doing 过去进行 时 was/ were doing am/is/are→ was/ were 现在完成 时 have /has done 过去完成 时 had done have/ has→ had 2. 语气 掌握以下两类八条。 类别 编号 具体情况 ( 烂记于心 ) 典型例句 ( 熟读背诵 ) 过 去 式 1 if 引导虚拟条件句 If I were you, I should take my time. 如果我是你，我就不着急。 2 without, but for, otherwise 等引出的含蓄虚拟条件 But for your help I would have fallen in the exam. 要不是有你的帮助，我这次考试就过不了关。 类别 编号 具体情况 ( 烂记于心 ) 典型例句 ( 熟读背诵 ) 过 去 式 3 wish 后的宾语从句 I wish I had a house in Guangzhou, but I can’t afford one. 我多希望在广州有房，可是我买不起。 4 if only 后的句子 If only I were rich. 要是我很富有，多好呀！ 类别 编号 具体情况 ( 烂记于心 ) 典型例句 ( 熟读背诵 ) 过 去 式 5 would rather 后的句子 I’d rather you hadn’t said that. 我真希望你没有那样说过。 6 as if /though 后的句子 ( 可能用 ) Mr. Li, my English teacher, treats me as if I were his own son. 英语老师李老师像对待他儿子般对待我。 (should+) 动词原形 1 (10 个词 ) 一个“坚持 (insist)” I insist that she (should) come tomorrow. 我坚持要求她明天来。 二个“命令 (order, command)” He gave orders that the work should be started immediately. 他发出指示要立即开始工作。 (should+) 动词原形 1 (10 个词 ) 三个“建议 (advise, suggest, recommend)” I recommended that he (should) see a lawyer. 我曾建议他去咨询律师。 四个“要求 (ask, request, require, demand)” She asked that she (should) be kept informed of developments. 她要求告知进展情况。 (should+) 动词原形 2 It is necessary/ natural / important/ strange that… It is necessary that he come to the office. 他有必要到办公室来。 考点练透 1. (2015 广东卷 ) He sold or exchanged some of the milk in the towns nearby for other food and made cheese and butter for the family with what ________ (leave). 介词 with 后应是宾语从句，连接代词 what = the milk that ，意为“ ( 除了用于换其他食物的牛奶后 ) 剩下的牛奶”；因 what 与 leave ( 剩下 ) 是被动关系，用被动语态；上下文都是过去时，也用一般过去时； what 作主语，用第三人称单数，故填 was left 。 was left 2. (2013 广东卷 ) Suddenly, he ______ (find) that he had run out of salt. So Nick called to his son, “Go to the village and buy some salt…” 在主格人称代词 he 后， that 引导的宾语从句之前， find 应是谓语动词；由下文的 called 可判断 find 用一般过去时，故填 found 。 found 3. (2011 广东卷 ) I noticed a man sitting at the front. He ____________ (pretend) that a tiger toy was real and giving it a voice. 在主语 He 后， pretend 显然是谓语动词； giving it (the tiger) a voice 的主语应当是 He, 因此， and giving 与谓语动词是并列关系；由此推断 , 谓语动词应是过去进行时 , 故填 was pretending 。 was pretending 4. (2010 广东卷 ) After a four-day journey, the young man ___________ (present) the water to the old man. His teacher took a deep drink… 动词 present( 赠予 ) 在主语 the young man 后，应是谓语动词；由语境及上下文的谓语动词的时态可知，用一般过去时，故填 presented 。 presented 5. (2009 广东卷 )…people stepped on your feet or ________(push) you with their elbows ( 肘部 ), hurrying ahead to get to a bargain. 因主语 people 与 push 是主动关系，用主动语态；又由并列连词 or 可知， push 与 stepped 应为并列谓语，时态要一致； stepped 是一般过去时， push 也应是一般过去时，故填 pushed 。 pushed 6. (2009 广东卷 ) “Your father has at last decided to stop smoking, ” Jane _______ ________ (inform). 因 inform 在主语 Jane 后作谓语， Jane 与 inform 是被动关系，又是一般过去时，所以用一般过去时的被动语态，故填 was informed 。 was informed 7. (2007 广东卷 ) I was on my way to the Taiyetos Mountains. The sun was setting when my car ______(break) down near a remote village. 在 when 后的分句中， my car 是主语，其后的 break 应为谓语动词；由全文可知，这是叙述过去的经历，应用一般过去时；再说 was / were doing… when… did… 是一个固定句型， when 后面的句子的谓语用一般过去时，表示“正在做某事，就在这个时候突然发生了另外一事”，故填 broke 。 broke 8. Instead of looking at the situation from this hopeless angle, ______(look) at everything you still have and be thankful for all of the good in your life. 由 and be 可知与之并列的 be 是原形，由此可想到 look 也用原形，是祈使句句型。 look 9. In the last few years, China __________ (make) great achievements in environmental protection. 由 In the last few years 可知用现在完成时。 10. I __________(hear) nothing from him up to now. 由 up to now 可知用现在完成时。 has made have heard 11. He was about to tell me the secret when someone ______ (pat) him on the shoulder. 由 was /were about to do sth. when sb. did 固定句型可知 , when 后句子用一般过去时。 12. He ____________(think) about the problem when an apple fell to the ground. 由 was /were doing sth. when sb. did 固定句型可知。 patted was thinking 13. This is the first time that our whole class __________ (go) out together for a picnic. 在 This/It is the first time that… 句型中， that 后的谓语动词用现在完成时。 have gone 14. There was a knock at the door. It was the second time someone _____________ (interrupt) me that evening. 在 It/This was the second time (that)… 句型中， that 从句的谓语动词用过去完成时。 had interrupted 15. Hardly had the game begun when it ________ (start) raining. 由 Hardly…when… 句型可知，前面多用过去完成时， when 后谓语动词常用一般过去时。 started 16. It is reported that a space station _____ _____(build) on the moon in years to come. 因 a space station 与 build 之间是被动关系 , 要用被动语态；又由“ in years to come ( 未来的几年内 )” 可知用将来时，因此，用一般将来时的被动语态。句意：据报道 , 一个空间站将在未来的几年内在月球上建成。 built will be 17. As you go through this book, you ____ ______ (find) that each of the millions of people who lived through World War Ⅱ had a different experience. 句中 as 引导的是时间状语从句 , 从句中用一般现在时代替一般将来时 , 所以主句需用一般将来时。句意：当你读这本书时 , 你就会发现那些经历过第二次世界大战的数百万人中的每一个人都有不同的经历。 find will 18. Whatever she _____ (say) will not make any difference to our arrangements. 句意：无论她说什么都不会对我们的安排有影响。 says 19. The real reason why prices _____ (be), and still are, too high is complex, and no short discussion can satisfactorily explain this problem. 根据空格后面的 and still are( 而且现在仍然是 ) 判断 , 前面是指物价过去的情况 , 应用一般过去时。句意：物价过去很高 , 现在依然居高不下 , 其真正原因是复杂的 , 不是两三句话能圆满解释的。 were 20. If only I _____________(listen) to my parents at that time! But it’s too late now. 因 if only ( 但愿，要是 …… 就好了 ) 与 wish 的意义和用法相同，后面的句子要用虚拟语气，由 at that time 可知是与过去事实相反的情况，故用过去完成时，填 had listened 。 had listened 21. If only I ________(can) play the piano as well as Lang Lang . 因 if only 后面的句子要用虚拟语气，由句意可知是与现在事实相反的情况，故用一般过去时，表示能力的 can 的过去时形式是 could 。 could 22. I wish I _________(fly) freely in the sky like a bird. 因 wish 后的宾语从句用虚拟语气，从句意来看，是与现在事实相反的情况，“像鸟一样在蓝天飞翔”应是强调具备这种能力，故填 could fly( 能飞 ) 。 could fly 23. But for your help we _________ ______ (be) late. 由 but for ( 如果没有，要不是 ) 可知要用虚拟语气，由句意可知是与过去事实相反的情况，故填 would have been 。 would have been 24. The Gadfly insisted that the work _________________ (finish) by the middle of June. 句中 insisted 作“坚持 / 坚决要求”，其后的宾语从句的谓语用“ (should +) 动词原形”；又因“工作”与“完成”是被动关系，要用被动语态，故填 (should) be finished 。 (should) be finished 25. He insisted that he _____(be) not ill, but the doctor insisted that he ________ ______ (take) the medicine. 第一个 insisted 意为“坚持说，坚决认为 ( 是怎么回事 )” ，其宾语从句的谓语不用虚拟语气，故填 was ； 第二个 insisted 意为“坚持要求 ( 要 / 该做某事 )” ，其宾语从句的谓语要用虚拟语气，故填 (should) take 。 was (should) take 26. I ordered that the gate __________ _______ (lock). 因 order ( 命令，指示 ) 后的宾语从句的谓语要用虚拟语气，且 the gate 与 lock 是被动关系，故填 (should) be locked 。 (should) be locked 27. A lighted sign commanded that seat belts ___________________ (fasten). 由 commanded 可知，其后的宾语从句的谓语要用 (should+) 动词原形，又因 seat belts ( 安全带 ) 与 fasten ( 系 ) 是被动关系 , 故填 (should) be fastened 。 (should) be fastened 28. Her pale face suggested that she ____ (be) ill and her mother suggested she ___________ (see) a doctor. 因第一个 suggest 意为“显示，表明 (=show)”, 其后的宾语从句不用虚拟语气 , 故填 was ；第二个 suggest 意为“建议” , 其后的宾语从句的谓语要用 (should+) 动词原形，故填 (should) see 。 was (should) see 29. They advise that a passport ________ _______ (carry) with you at all times. 因 advise 后的从句谓语要用 (should+) 动语原形，且 a passport ( 护照 ) 与 carry ( 携带 ) 是被动关系，故填 (should) be carried 。 (should) be carried 30. She requested that no one ________ ______ (tell) of her decision until the next meeting. 因 request 后的从句谓语用 (should+) 动词原形，且 on one 与 tell 是被动关系，故填 (should) be told 。 (should) be told 31. Oh, it is natural that she ________ (have) different views. 因 it is natural/ strange/ important/ necessary that… 句型中 that 从句的谓语通常用“ (should+) 动词原形”，故填 (should) have 。 (should) have 32. Tom was not there that day, but he described the scene as vividly as if he _________(be) there. 由“ Tom was not there that day” 可知， as if 表示的是与过去事实相反的情况，故填 had been 。 had been 33. Would you mind if I ______ (ask) you to do something? 因 Would you mind if… 句型中用过去时的虚拟语气。注意， Do you mind if… 不用虚拟语气。请比较： Do you mind if I smoke here? /Would you mind if I smoked here? 我在这里抽烟你介意吗 ? asked 34. I should apply for the post if I _____ (be) you. I think you stand a good chance. 因“如果我是你”与现在事实相反，故说 if I were you 。 were 35. If it ____________________________ (rain) tomorrow, we’d stay at home. 由 tomorrow 与主句谓语 would stay 可知，是与将来事实相反的情况，因此虚拟条件句的谓语用一般过去时或 were to 加动词原形或 should 加动词原形，故填 rained 或 were to rain 或 should rain 都可以。 rained/were to rain/should rain 36. If you ____________(listen) to me, you wouldn’t have made so many mistakes. 由主句谓语 wouldn’t have made 可知，是与过去事实相反的情况，因此虚拟条件句的谓语用过去完成时，故填 had listened 。 had listened THANK YOU!