2018届二轮复习时态和语态课件（64张） 64页

2018 届二轮复习 动词时态和语态 真题再练 在下列各句空白处填入所给单词的正确形式，并说明理由。 1. (2017 全国 Ⅰ 卷 ·64) When fat and salt ____________(remove) from food, the food tastes as if it is missing something. 主语 fat and salt 与 remove 是被动关系，要用 被动语态；由主句谓语 tastes 可知，用一般现在时；主语是两者，为复数，故填 are removed 。 are removed 2. (2017 全国 Ⅰ 卷 ·67) Even worse, the amount of fast food that people eat goes up. Fast food ____(be) full of fat and salt. 主语是第三人称单数，由上下文可知用一般现在时，故填 is 。 is 3. (2017 全国 Ⅱ 卷 ·65) Steam engines _____ _______(use) to pull the carriages and it must have been fairly unpleasant for the passengers, with all the smoke and noise. However, the railway quickly proved to be a great success… 因 Steam engines 与 use 是被动关系，又是过去的动作，故用一般过去时的被动语态，主语是复数，故填 were used 。 were used 4. (2017 全国 Ⅱ 卷 ·68) Later, engineers __________(manage) to construct railways in a system of deep tunnels ( 隧道 ), which became known as the Tube. 根据上下文谓语动词的时态可知，用一般过去时。 managed 5. (2017 全国 Ⅲ 卷 ·63)Sarah _____________ _________ (tell) that she could be Britain’s new supermodel, earning a million dollars in the next year. Her father Peter, 44, wants her to give up school to model full-time. 由 tell sb sth 可知要用被动语态，由语境可知，应是“已有人告诉她”或“曾有人告诉她”，故用现在完成时或一般过去时的被动语态。 has been told/ was told 6. (2017 全国 Ⅲ 卷 ·69)My dad thinks I should take the offer now. But at that moment, school ________(come) first. I don’t want to get too absorbed in modeling. 由上下文的时态可知，用一般现在时，主语是第三人称单数，故填 comes 。 comes 7. (2016 全国 Ⅰ 卷 ·62)So it was a great honour to be invited backstage at the not-for-profit Panda Base, where ticket money helps pay for research, I _____________ (allow) to get up close to these cute animals at the 600-acre centre. 因 I 与 allow 之间是被动关系，故用被动语态；又由前面的 was 可知，用一般过去时的被动语态。 was allowed 8. (2016 全国 Ⅱ 卷 ·63) Leaving the less important things until tomorrow ___ (be) often acceptable. 动名词短语作主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。 is 9. (2016 全国 Ⅱ 卷 ·70) It could be anything —gardening, cooking, music, sports—but whatever it is, _______ (make) sure it’s a relief from daily stress rather than another thing to worry about. 祈使句以动词原形开头。 make 10. (2016 全国 Ⅲ 卷 ·62) Truly elegant chopsticks might __________ (make) of gold and silver with Chinese characters. 因主语 chopsticks 与谓语动词 make 之间是被动关系，且位于情态动词后面，故应填 be made 。 be made 11. (2016 全国 Ⅲ 卷 ·69) Confucius believed knives would remind people of killings and ______ (be) too violent for use at the table. 因 be 与 would remind 并列，根据并列一致原则， be 也用过去式；又因主语 knives 是复数，故填 were 。 were 12.(2015 卷 I·61) It was raining lightly when I _________(arrive) in Yangshuo just before dawn. But I didn’t care. arrived 由主句谓语动词“ was raining” 和后句的谓语动词“ didn’t care” 可知， arrive 应用一般过去时。句意是“当我在天亮前到达阳朔时，正在下着小雨”。 13.(2015 卷 I·67) Yangshuo ____ (be) really beautiful. A study of travelers conducted by the website Trip Advisor names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations in the world. is 指目前的状态或客观存在的状态，用一般现在时，下句谓语动词 names 是一般现在时，也有提示作用；主语 Yangshuo 是第三人称单数，故填 is 。 14.(2015 卷 II·68) At the same time, they warm up again for the night. This cycle _____ (go) day after day. The walls warm up during the day and cool off during the night and thus always a timely offset ( 抵消 ) for the outside temperatures. goes 因上句谓语动词“ warm up” 与下句中的谓语动词“ warm up” 和“ cool off” 都是一般现在时，故此处的 go 也用一般现在时才能保持时态一致；主语 This cycle 是第三人称单数，故填 goes 。 15.(2014 卷 I·61) In 1969, the pollution was terrible along the Cuyahoga River near Cleveland, Ohio. It ____(be) unimaginable that it could ever be cleaned up. was 指 1969 年的情况，用一般过去时，上下句谓语动词的时态 (was, could) 也提示我们用一般过去时，指当时无法想像；又因主语 It 是第三人称单数，故填 was 。 16.(2014 卷 II·45) A boy on a bike ________ (catch) my attention. He was riding beside the bus and waving his arms. caught 在句中作谓语，考虑时态和语态； a boy 与 catch 是主动关系，又由语境 ( 如 was riding) 可知用一般过去时，故填 caught 。 思路点拨 当句中缺少谓语动词时，括号中的动词就是谓语动词。此时要考虑时态、语态、语气、主谓一致等四个方面。 1. 时态 确定时态的四条依据： (1) 依据上下文时态一致。 看上下文谓语动词是什么时态 ( 过去、现在、将来 ) ，空格处要填的动词时态一般应与上下文的时态一致。这是高考语法填空中确定时态的最重要的依据（如上述真题 12 和 14 ）。但需注意：客观事实或真理可能时态不一致；直接引语的时态会与引号外的时态不一致。 (2) 依据并列谓语动词的时态一致。 如： (2015 广东卷 ) While making great efforts to run away, she _____ (fall) over the hill and died. 解析： 由 and died 可知，与之并列的 fall 也用一般过去时，故填 fell 。 fell (3) 依据时间状语。 如 recently, so far, up to now, up to the present, over/in the past/last few years 常与现在完成时连用； by the end of, since 1980, for three years 常与完成时连用。 (4) 依据固定句式。 请熟读以下句式并体会句中的时态。 This is the second time that I have spoken to a foreigner. 那是我第二次同外国人讲话。 It was the second time that I had spoken to a foreigner. 这是我第二次同外国人讲话。 Hardly had I got on the bus when it started to move. 我一上公交车，车就开动了。 I had no sooner lain down than the telephone rang . 我刚躺下，电话铃就响了。 I was doing my homework when she suddenly walked in . 我正在做作业，突然她走了进来。 I was about to do my homework when she suddenly walked in. 我正要做作业，突然她走了进来。 I was on the point of going out when the phone rang. 我正要出去，电话响了。 2. 语态 主语是谓语动词的执行者，即主语与谓语动词在逻辑上是主动关系，用主动语态；主语是谓语动词的承受者，即谓语动词与主语在逻辑上是动宾关系，用被动语态。如： but the man at the front desk said there had been a mistake. We __________(tell) that our rooms hadn’t been reserved for that week… 解析： 由 tell sb. sth. 这一句型可知， we 与 tell 是被动关系，要用被动语态；又由上下文的时态可知，用一般过去时；主语是 we ，构成被动语态的 be 用 were ，故填 were told 。 were told 3. 语气 是否用虚拟语气，主要由一些特殊的词或句式来决定，详见考点归纳。如 ： Mary will never forget the first time she saw him. He suddenly appeared in class one day, wearing sunglasses. He walked in as if he ____________(buy) the school. And the word quickly got around that he was from New York City. had bought 解析： 因 buy 在主格人称代词 he 后 , 显然是作谓语 ; 又由语境可知，他不是真的买下了这个学校 , 只是他走进来时的那种气势好像是买下了这所学校一样，故应用虚拟语气，与过去事实相反，故填 had bought 。 4. 主谓一致 一般来说，主语是单数，谓语动词用单数；主语是复数，谓语动词用复数。以上［真题再练］的第 1 、 2 、 3 、 5 、 6 、 7 、 8 、 11 、 13 、 14 、 15 题都涉及主谓一致。又如： Being too anxious to help an event develop often ________ (result) in the contrary to our intention. 解析： 句中 Being too anxious to help an event develop 是动名词短语作主语， result 应是谓语动词；“急于求成，往往会事与愿违”是客观真理，应当用一般现在时；动名词短语作主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式，故填 results 。 results 考点归纳 谓语动词涉及时态、语态、语气、主谓一致等四个考点。以下重点提醒其中两个。 1. 时态 尽管课标或考纲中列出了 10 种时态，但近四年全国卷高考真题只考查了一般现在时、现在完成时和一般过去时三种时态。 时态 构成 ( 以 do 为例 ) 时态 构成 ( 以 do 为例 ) 注意 变化 一般将来 时 will do 过去将来 时 would do will→ would 一般现在 时 do/does 一般过去 时 did do/does→ did 尽管如此，以下 8 种时态的基本用法和构成还是应掌握的： 时态 构成 ( 以 do 为例 ) 时态 构成 ( 以 do 为例 ) 注意变化 现在进行 时 am /is/are doing 过去进行 时 was/ were doing am/is/are→ was/ were 现在完成 时 have /has done 过去完成 时 had done have/ has→ had 2. 语气 掌握以下两类八条。 类别 编号 具体情况 ( 熟记于心 ) 典型例句 ( 熟读背诵 ) 过 去 式 1 if 引导虚拟条件句 If I were you, I should take my time. 如果我是你，我就不着急。 2 with, without, but for, otherwise 等引出的含蓄虚拟条件 But for your help, I would have failed in the exam. 要不是有你的帮助，我这次考试就过不了关。 类别 编号 具体情况 ( 烂记于心 ) 典型例句 ( 熟读背诵 ) 过 去 式 3 wish 后的宾语从句 I wish I had a house in Guangzhou, but I can’t afford one. 我多希望在广州有房，可是我买不起。 4 if only 后的句子 If only I were rich. 要是我很富有，多好呀！ 类别 编号 具体情况 ( 烂记于心 ) 典型例句 ( 熟读背诵 ) 过 去 式 5 would rather 后的句子 I’d rather you hadn’t said that. 我真希望你没有那样说过。 I would rather you went tomorrow. 我宁愿你明天去。 I’ d rather you were happy. 我愿你快乐。 6 as if /though 后的句子 ( 可能用 ) Mr. Li, my English teacher, treats me as if I were his own son. 英语老师李老师像对待他儿子般对待我。 (should+) 动词原形 7 ︵ 10 个 词 ︶ 一个“坚持 (insist)” I insist that she (should) come tomorrow. 我坚持要求她明天来。 二个“命令 (order, command)” He gave orders that the work should be started immediately. 他发出指示要立即开始工作。 (should+) 动词原形 1 ︵ 10 个 词 ︶ 三个“建议 (advise, suggest, recommend)” I recommended that he (should) see a lawyer. 我曾建议他去咨询律师。 四个“要求 (ask, request, require, demand)” She asked that she (should) be kept informed of developments. 她要求告知进展情况。 (should+) 动词原形 8 It is necessary/ natural / important/ strange that… It is necessary that he come to the office. 他有必要到办公室来。 考点练透 1.Classical music is good for your brain. Research suggests that it ________ (make) your brain more active. 因 suggest 在此意为“表明”，且此处指一般情况，故用一般现在时。 makes 2.So Woo Sing _______ (strike) the boy in the glass, but he only hurt his own hand and went crying to his father. 由 hurt 和 went 可知， strike 也用过去式，故填 struck 。 struck 3.As she tried to drive her cows to higher ground, she ________(slip) and hit her head on a fallen tree trunk. 从句谓语动词是一般过去时，所以主句谓语动词也用一般过去时态。 slipped 4.But the dog, after sniffing around for a bit, ____ (lie) down and began to complain about how difficult it was to find one bone in such a big field. 因 lie 和 began 为并列谓语，所以都用一般过去时， lie 为不规则动词，意为“躺”时 , 过去式为 lay, 故填 lay 。 lay 5. Due to the hard training they __________ (do) before, their performances were very impressive. 由 before 可知用过去完成时。 had done 6.He was in good condition so someone had been caring for him, but not the people from whom he __________ (steal). He and his human mommy were so glad to see one another again! 根据短语 steal sth. from sb. ，主语是 he( 指代 a dog) ，所以是被偷。整体时态是过去时。故填 was stolen 。 was stolen 7. What’s more, a great time and money will __________ (waste). 根据句意，时间和钱将会被浪费，故应该用一般将来时的被动语态。 be wasted 8.They _________ (call) latchkey children—they are children who look after themselves while their parents work. And their bad situation has become a subject of concern. 主语 They 与 call 之间是被动关系，且该句为一般现在时态，故填 are called 。 are called 9.Over the years, rules _______________ (work) out to guarantee safety and fairness. 由 over the years 可知，该句用现在完成时；该句主语 rules 和动词短语 work out 之间为被动关系，故用被动语态。 have been worked 10.Jerry stared out of the window, worried. He had been studying hard and his exam ______ (be) about to start. 根据上下文，此处描写过去的事情，所以应用一般过去时态。 be about to do 表示“即将做 ……” 。 was 11. I noticed a man sitting at the front. He _____________ (pretend) that a tiger toy was real and giving it a voice. was pretending 在主语 He 后， pretend 显然是谓语动词； giving it (the tiger) a voice 的主语应当是 He, 因此， and giving 与谓语动词是并列关系；由此推断 , 谓语动词应是过去进行时 , 故填 was pretending 。 12. Instead of looking at the situation from this hopeless angle, ______(look) at everything you still have and be thankful for all of the good in your life. look 由 and be 可知与之并列的 be 是原形，由此可想到 look 也用原形，是祈使句句型。 13. In the last few years, China __________ (make) great achievements in environmental protection. 由 In the last few years 可知用现在完成时。 14. I __________(hear) nothing from him up to now. 由 up to now 可知用现在完成时。 has made have heard 15. He ______________ (think) about the problem when an apple fell to the ground. 由 was /were doing sth. when sb. did 固定句型可知。 was thinking 16. This is the first time that our whole class __________ (go) out together for a picnic. 在 This/It is the first time that… 句型中， that 后的谓语动词用现在完成时。 have gone 17. There was a knock at the door. It was the second time someone _____________ (interrupt) me that evening. 在 It/This was the second time (that)… 句型中， that 从句的谓语动词用过去完成时。 had interrupted 18. Hardly had the game begun when it ________ (start) raining. 由 Hardly…when… 句型可知，前面多用过去完成时， when 后谓语动词常用一般过去时。 started 19. As you go through this book, you ____ ______ (find) that each of the millions of people who lived through World War Ⅱ had a different experience. find will 句中 as 引导的是时间状语从句 , 从句中用一般现在时代替一般将来时 , 所以主句需用一般将来时。句意：当你读这本书时 , 你就会发现那些经历过第二次世界大战的数百万人中的每一个人都有不同的经历。 20. Whatever she _____ (say) will not make any difference to our arrangements. 句意：无论她说什么都不会对我们的安排有影响。主语从句用一般现在时。 says 21. The real reason why prices _____ (be), and still are, too high is complex, and no short discussion can satisfactorily explain this problem. 根据空格后面的 and still are （而且现在仍然是）判断 , 前面是指物价过去的情况 , 应用一般过去时。句意：物价过去很高 , 现在依然居高不下 , 其真正原因是复杂的 , 不是两三句话能圆满解释的。 were 22. If only I _____________(listen) to my parents at that time! But it’s too late now. 因 if only ( 但愿，要是 …… 就好了 ) 与 wish 的意义和用法相同，后面的句子要用虚拟语气，由 at that time 可知是与过去事实相反的情况，故用过去完成时，填 had listened 。 had listened 23. I wish I _________(fly) freely in the sky like a bird. 因 wish 后的宾语从句用虚拟语气，从句意来看，是与现在事实相反的情况，“像鸟一样在蓝天飞翔”应是强调具备这种能力，故填 could fly( 能飞 ) 。 could fly 24. But for your help we _________ ______ (be) late. 由 but for ( 如果没有，要不是 ) 可知要用虚拟语气，由句意可知是与过去事实相反的情况，故填 would have been 。 would have been 25. He insisted that he _____(be) not ill, but the doctor insisted that he __________ (take) the medicine. 第一个 insisted 意为“坚持说，坚决认为 ( 是怎么回事 )” ，其宾语从句的谓语不用虚拟语气，故填 was ； 第二个 insisted 意为“坚持要求 ( 要 / 该做某事 )” ，其宾语从句的谓语要用虚拟语气，故填 (should) take 。 was (should) take 26. She requested that no one ________ ______ (tell) of her decision until the next meeting. 因 request 后的从句谓语用 (should+) 动词原形，且 no one 与 tell 是被动关系，故填 (should) be told 。 (should) be told 27. Tom was not there that day, but he described the scene as vividly as if he _________(be) there. as if 后用虚拟，表示与过去事实相反应用 had done ，故答案为 had been 。 had been 28. Would you mind if I ______ (ask) you to do something? 因 Would you mind if… 句型中用过去时的虚拟语气。注意， Do you mind if… 不用虚拟语气。请比较： Do you mind if I smoke here?/Would you mind if I smoked here? 我在这里抽烟你介意吗 ? asked THANK YOU!