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- 2021-04-20 发布
2018
届二轮复习
介词和介词短语在短文语法填空和短文改错中的考查
介词是英语中最活跃的词类之一,使用频率非常高。介词往往与名词、代词或相当于名词的其他词类、短语、从句等一起构成介词短语,以表示它与其他词在时间、方式、方向、位置等方面的关系。搭配比较活跃的介词主要有
in, out, up, down, on, off, to, from, for, over, with
等。在语法填空题中重点考查考生根据语境灵活运用介词的能力。考生应注意总结介词与名词、形容词、副词、动词等搭配构成的短语的意思和用法。
1
.
(2015
·
新课标卷
Ⅱ
)
When a new day breaks, the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough to cool the house during the hot day; ________ the same time, they warm up again for the night.
解析:
句意:当新的一天到来时,这些墙已经释放完了它们的热量,现在足够冷,能让房子在炎热的白天保持凉爽;与此同时,它们在晚上又会变得温暖。根据句意可知此处考查固定搭配
at the same time
,意为
“
与此同时
”
。
2
.
(2014
·
辽宁卷
)
Don't laugh ________ me. I may look funny.
解析:
句意:不要嘲笑我。我可能看上去很滑稽。
laugh at
“
嘲笑
”
,是固定搭配。
at
at
3
.
(2014
·
新课标卷
Ⅰ
)
I got a place next ________ the window, so I had a good view of the sidewalk.
解析:
句意:我找了个靠窗的位置,那样我可以很好地看到人行道。
next to
“
紧挨着,紧靠着
”
,为固定短语。
to
语法填空题中,如果空格后是名词、代词、动词-
ing
形式或
what
从句,且它们不是在句中作主语,也不是作动词的宾语时,这个空格就很可能是填介词。这是因为:
1
.介词必须要接宾语,其宾语可以是名词、代词、动词-
ing
形式或
what
从句。
2
.名词、代词、动词-
ing
形式或
what
从句在句中通常作主语、动词的宾语或介词的宾语。如果不作主语,也不作动词的宾语,就应该是作介词的宾语。
1
.
(2015
·
新课标卷
Ⅱ
)
Tony saw a toy on a shop window.
答案与解析:
on
→
in
在橱窗里看到了玩具应用
in
。
2
.
(2015
·
陕西卷短文改错
)
My soccer coach retired in last week.
答案与解析:
去掉
in
last week
/last year/
last month
等前不加介词。
3
.
(2015
·
四川卷短文改错
)
Please help with me and give me some advice.
答案与解析:
去掉
with
help sb.
“
帮助某人
”
为固定用法,无介词
with
。
4
.
(2014
·
新课标卷
Ⅰ
短文改错
)
Nearly five years ago, with the help by our father, my sister and I planted some cherry tomatoes.
答案与解析:
by
→
of
结合句子中的
with the help
可知是在父亲的帮助下,因此应该是
with the help of sb.
这个结构。
5
.
(2014
·
新课标卷
Ⅱ
短文改错
)
We can lie on the grass for a rest, or sit by the lake listening music.
答案与解析:
listening
后加
to
listen to music
“
听音乐
”
。
6
.
(2014
·
辽宁卷短文改错
)
We appreciate your apologies and goodwill, but we hope that you can figure a good way of settling the matter.
答案与解析:
figure
后加
out
figure out ...
“
想出
……
”
。
1
.固定搭配中介词的误用
2
.介词在句中的多余或漏用
①
及物动词后直接加宾语,不用介词,而不及物动词后需加介词。
②
last, next, this
等后接名词表时间时前不用介词。
介词
用法
with
①
和
……
一起;随着
……
②
因为
……
③
具有
/
带有
……
;
with
复合结构
at
①
表示片刻的时间点
②
表示
“
在某处
”
,指在一个较小的地点
③
表示产生某种情绪的原因,意为
“
因为
……
而
……”“
一听到
/
看到
/
想到
……
就
……”
in
①
表方位,在某范围内,特别注意在报纸上、书上有什么内容,要用
in
②
表时间,后接表时间段的名词短语,指在某一段时间内或在带有将来时态的语句中表示某一段时间将发生句子谓语动词所表示的动作
③
表示材料、语言、方式、声音
介词
用法
on
①
表示时间,指在特定的某一天
(
的上午、下午或晚上
)
或一星期的某一天。注意
in the morning
与
on the morning of 1st, May
的区别
②
表示方位,指在某一事物表面上或与某物毗邻
③
表示与某一方面内容相关,意为
“
关于
”
④
与名词或动名词连用,意为
“
一
……
就
……”
from
表示
“
来自
”
或
“
从
……
时间开始
”
through
①
表示从事物内部穿过,与介词
in
有关
②
表示通过,凭借
across
从事物的表面通过,与介词
on
有关
介词
用法
over
①
表示在表面的正上方,与
under
相对
②
表示
“
从某事物上方越过
”
③
表示
“
在
……
上面
”
,指部分或全部覆盖
④
与表示时间段的名词
(
短语
)
连用,表示
“
经过、跨过某一个时间段
”
beyond
①
表示方位,意为
“
超过,在
……
较远的一边
”
②
表示超出理解、信任的范围或能力所及的范围
for
①
表示
“
对于,至于,适合于
”
②
表示
“
为了
(
目的
)
;支持
”
against
①
表示
“
反对,反抗,违背
”
②
表示
“
倚,靠,逆着
(
水流、潮流、风等
)
”
或
“
与
……
相对抗
”
1
.介词与名词类
at breakfast
在吃早饭;
at home
在家里;
at the cinema
在电影院;
by accident
偶然;
access to
能够进入;能够使用;
attitude to/towards
对
……
的态度;
effect on
对
……
的影响;
lack of
缺乏。
2
.动词+介词类
worry about
为
……
担忧;
talk about
谈论;
hear about
听说;
laugh at
嘲笑;
smile at
对
……
微笑;
shout at
对
……
大喊;
knock at
敲击;
hear from
收到
……
的来信;
show off
炫耀;
meet with
遇到;遭受;
accuse sb. of sth.
因某事指控某人;
remind sb. of sth.
提醒某人某事。
3
.介词与形容词
busy with
忙于;
good for
对
……
有好处;
pleased with
对
……
感到满意;
interested in
对
……
感兴趣;
kind to
对
……
友好。
Ⅰ
.
单句训练
1
.
Jane is in a hurry because the train to the airport leaves
half an hour.
2
.
The two brothers decided to leave
midnight, for they had many miles to cover.
3
.
Mr. Smith met his wife
the shop in 1941.
4
.
The athletes from all over the world arrived
Beijing yesterday.
5
.
They jumped
the fence and fled away.
6
.
His father goes to work
car every day.
7
.
He made a living
selling newspapers when he was young.
8
.
The skier's red clothes stood out clearly
the snow.
9
.
The young mother whispered something
her children.
10
.
It's obvious that the new manager is rich
experience.
in
in
at
in
in
over
by
by
against
to
Ⅱ
.
语法填空
What do you know about Scotland's famous Loch Ness monster(
尼斯湖水怪
)? One thing you may not know is that “Nessie” could have been named ____________ Queen Elizabeth
Ⅱ
of the UK.
Recently ____________ (discover) papers show that Sir Peter Scott, the first person to study the mythical animal ________ the Scottish Highlands, asked the Queen if she would let the monster be named “Elizabethia Nessie” if it were ever found.
After he found out that the Queen was very interested ________ the mythical animal, he came up ________ the idea of naming it Elizabeth Nessie.
The
Independent
reported.
with
after
discovered
in
in
The documents ___________________ (discover) in the scientist's archive(
档案
) at Cambridge University. It ___________ (show) that the Queen even asked to be sent personal updates about the search ________ “Nessie”. But Martin Charteris, the Queen's private secretary at the time, said in a reply ________Sir Peter's letter that there would have to be enough ____________ (evident) of the monster before it could.
evidence
were discovered
showed
for
to