2019届二轮复习阅读理解词义猜测类型题解题指导课件（190张） 190页

2019 届二轮复习阅读理解 词义猜测 类型解题指导 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 Passage 1 (2017 全国 Ⅰ ,D) A build-it-yourself solar still( 蒸馏器 ) is one of the best ways to obtain drinking water in areas where the liquid is not readily available.Developed by two doctors in the U.S.Department of Agriculture,it’s an excellent water collector.Unfortunately,you must carry the necessary equipment with you,since it’s all but impossible to find natural substitutes.The only components required,though,are a 5'×5' sheet of clear or slightly milky plastic,six feet of plastic tube,and a container—perhaps just a drinking cup—to catch the water.These pieces can be folded into a neat little pack and fastened on your belt. 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 To construct a working still,use a sharp stick or rock to dig a hole four feet across and three feet deep.Try to make the hole in a damp area to increase the water catcher ’s productivity.Place your cup in the deepest part of the hole.Then lay the tube in place so that one end rests all the way in the cup and the rest of the line runs up—and out—the side of the hole.  Next,cover the hole with the plastic sheet,securing the edges of the plastic with dirt and weighting the sheet’s center down with a rock.The plastic should now form a cone( 圆锥体 ) with 45-degree-angled sides.The low point of the sheet must be centered directly over,and no more than three inches above,the cup. 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 The solar still works by creating a greenhouse under the plastic.Ground water evaporates ( 蒸发 ) and collects on the sheet until small drops of water form,run down the material,and fall off into the cup.When the container is full,you can suck the refreshment out through the tube,and won’t have to break down the still every time you need a drink. 【语篇解读】 美国农业部的两位博士研制出一种蒸馏器。在水资源短缺的区域 , 这是一种非常不错的获得饮用水的设备。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 1 .What do we know about the solar still equipment from the first paragraph? A.It’s delicate. 　　　　　　 B.It’s expensive. C.It’s complex. D.It’s portable. 【答案】 D 【解析】 推理判断题。从文章第一段的 “These pieces can be folded into a neat little pack and fastened on your belt.” 可知 , 这种集水器设备携带起来很方便。人们可以把它折叠成一个小包并系在腰带上。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 2 . What does the underlined phrase “ the water catcher ” in paragraph 2 refer to ? A.The tube. B.The still. C.The hole. D.The cup. 【答案】 B 【解析】 词义猜测题。从文章第二段的 “To construct a working still...” 和画线词后的 productivity 可推断出画线部分指的是 the still 。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 3 .What is the last step of constructing a working solar still? A.Dig a hole of a certain size. B.Put the cup in place. C.Weight the sheet’s center down. D.Cover the hole with the plastic sheet. 【答案】 C 【解析】 细节理解题。从文章第三段的 “Next,cover the hole with the plastic sheet,securing the edges of the plastic with dirt and weighting the sheet’s center down with a rock.” 可知 , 用塑料布把洞穴覆盖 , 并把塑料布的边缘用泥土弄牢。最后把一块石头压在塑料布的中心。因此选 C 项。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 4 .When a solar still works,drops of water come into the cup from 　　　 .  A.the plastic tube B.outside the hole C.the open air 　 D.beneath the sheet 【答案】 D 【解析】 推理判断题。从文章最后一段的 “Ground water evaporates and collects on the sheet until small drops of water form,run down the material and fall off into the cup.” 可知 , 这种蒸馏器的工作原理是创造一个温室。地面的水向上蒸发并在塑料布上聚集形成小水滴 , 然后水滴顺着塑料布流下来落到杯子里。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 Passage 2 (2017 全国 Ⅱ ,B) I first met Paul Newman in 1968,when George Roy Hill,the director of Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid ,introduced us in New York City.When the studio didn’t want me for the film — it wanted somebody as well known as Paul — he stood up for me.I don’t know how many people would have done that;they would have listened to their agents or the studio powers. 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 The friendship that grew out of the experience of making that film and The Sting four years later had its root in the fact that although there was an age difference,we both came from a tradition of theater and live TV.We were respectful of craft( 技艺 )and focused on digging into the characters we were going to play.Both of us had the qualities and virtues that are typical of American actors:humorous,aggressive,and making fun of each other — but always with an underlying affection.Those were also at the core ( 核心 )of our relationship off the screen. 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 We shared the belief that if you’re fortunate enough to have success,you should put something back — he with his Newman’s Own food and his Hole in the Wall camps for kids who are seriously ill,and me with Sundance and the institute and the festival.Paul and I didn’t see each other all that regularly,but sharing that brought us together.We supported each other financially and by showing up at events. I last saw him a few months ago.He’d been in and out of the hospital.He and I both knew what the deal was,and we didn’t talk about it.Ours was a relationship that didn’t need a lot of words. 【语篇解读】 作者通过回忆自己与好友的初次见面 , 两人友谊的发展 , 相同的性格 , 以及共同的信仰 , 来纪念这位好朋友。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 1 .Why was the studio unwilling to give the role to the author at first? A.Paul Newman wanted it. B.The studio powers didn’t like his agent. C.He wasn’t famous enough. D.The director recommended someone else. 【答案】 C 【解析】 细节理解题。根据第一段第二句 “When the studio didn’t want me for the film — it wanted somebody as well known as Paul...” 可知 , 工作室不想把那个角色给作者的原因是他不出名 , 故 C 项正确。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 2 .Why did Paul and the author have a lasting friendship? A.They were of the same age. B.They worked in the same theater. C.They were both good actors. D.They had similar characteristics. 【答案】 D 【解析】 细节理解题。根据第二段尤其是第三、四句 “Both of us had the qualities and virtues....Those were also at the core( 核心 ) of our relationship off the screen.” 可知 , 作者和 Paul 有着相似的品质和美德 , 因而他们之间的友谊持久。故 D 项正确。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 3 . What does the underlined word “ that ” in paragraph 3 refer to ? A.Their belief. B.Their care for children. C.Their success. D.Their support for each other. 【答案】 A 【解析】 词义猜测题。本段讲的是他们共同的信仰。开头说 “We shared the belief that...”, 这里又说 “but sharing that brought us together”, 画线词 that 就是指他们共同的信仰 (belief) 。故 A 项正确。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 4 .What is the author’s purpose in writing the text? A.To show his love of films. B.To remember a friend. C.To introduce a new movie. D.To share his acting experience. 【答案】 B 【解析】 推理判断题。作者在开始讲述自己第一次见到 Paul Newman 的情景 , 后面叙述两人的友谊 , 相同的性格 , 共同的信仰。最后一段提到最后一次见他。作者写作的目的就是怀念一位朋友 , 因此 B 项正确。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 Passage 3 (2017 全国 Ⅲ ,C) After years of heated debate,gray wolves were reintroduced to Yellowstone National Park.Fourteen wolves were caught in Canada and transported to the park.By last year,the Yellowstone wolf population had grown to more than 170 wolves. Gray wolves once were seen here and there in the Yellowstone area and much of the continental United States,but they were gradually displaced by human development.By the 1920s,wolves had practically disappeared from the Yellowstone area.They went farther north into the deep forests of Canada,where there were fewer humans around. 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 The disappearance of the wolves had many unexpected results.Deer and elk populations-major food sources( 来源 ) for the wolf-grew rapidly.These animals consumed large amounts of vegetation( 植被 ),which reduced plant diversity in the park.In the absence of wolves,coyote populations also grew quickly.The coyotes killed a large percentage of the park’s red foxes,and completely drove away the park’s beavers. As early as 1966,biologists asked the government to consider reintroducing wolves to Yellowstone Park.They hoped that wolves would be able to control the elk and coyote problems.Many farmers opposed the plan because they feared that wolves would kill their farm animals or pets. 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 The government spent nearly 30 years coming up with a plan to reintroduce the wolves.The U.S.Fish and Wildlife Service carefully monitors and manages the wolf packs in Yellowstone.Today,the debate continues over how well the gray wolf is fitting in at Yellowstone.Elk,deer,and coyote populations are down,while beavers and red foxes have made a comeback.The Yellowstone wolf project has been a valuable experiment to help biologists decide whether to reintroduce wolves to other parts of the country as well. 【语篇解读】 本文是说明文。文章主要介绍美国黄石公园重新引进灰狼 , 以改善公园的生态平衡的举措。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 1 .What is the text mainly about? A.Wildlife research in the United States. B.Plant diversity in the Yellowstone area. C.The conflict between farmers and gray wolves. D.The reintroduction of wolves to Yellowstone Park. 【答案】 D 【解析】 主旨大意题。通读全文 , 尤其是首尾两段可知 , 文章主要介绍黄石公园重新引进灰狼的事情。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 2 . What does the underlined word “ displaced ” in paragraph 2 mean ? A.Tested. 　　　　　 　　 B.Separated. C.Forced out. D.Tracked down. 【答案】 C 【解析】 词义猜测题。从第二段第一句 “Gray wolves once were seen here and there in the Yellowstone area and much of the continental United States,but they were gradually displaced by human development.” 可知 , 过去灰狼在黄石公园随处可见 , 但由于人类的发展 , 灰狼就逐渐被迫撤出了这个地方。可推测 displace 意为 “ 被迫离开 ” 。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 3 .What did the disappearance of gray wolves bring about? A.Damage to local ecology. B.A decline in the park’s income. C.Preservation of vegetation. D.An increase in the variety of animals. 【答案】 A 【解析】 细节理解题。从第三段可知 , 灰狼的消失带来了许多意想不到的结果 : 鹿群数量迅速增多 , 消耗大量植被 ; 草原狼增多 , 吃掉了公园里占很大比例的红狐狸 ; 完全赶走了公园里的河狸。也就是说灰狼的消失破坏了当地的生态平衡。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 4 .What is the author’s attitude towards the Yellowstone wolf project? A.Doubtful. B.Positive. C.Disapproving. D.Uncaring. 【答案】 B 【解析】 推理判断题。从文章最后一句 “The Yellowstone wolf project has been a valuable experiment to help biologists decide whether to reintroduce wolves to other parts of the country as well.” 可推知 , 作者对于黄石公园引进灰狼群持肯定态度。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 Passage 4 (2016 全国 Ⅱ ,C) Reading can be a social activity.Think of the people who belong to book groups.They choose books to read and then meet to discuss them.Now,the website BookCrossing.com turns the page on the traditional idea of a book group. Members go on the site and register the books they own and would like to share.BookCrossing provides an identification number to stick inside the book.Then the person leaves it in a public place,hoping that the book will have an adventure,traveling far and wide with each new reader who finds it . Bruce Pederson,the managing director of BookCrossing,says,“The two things that change your life are the people you meet and books you read.BookCrossing combines both.” 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 Members leave books on park benches and buses,in train stations and coffee shops.Whoever finds their book will go to the site and record where they found it. People who find a book can also leave a journal entry describing what they thought of it.E-mails are then sent to the BookCrossers to keep them updated about where their books have been found.Bruce Pederson says the idea is for people not to be selfish by keeping a book to gather dust on a shelf at home. BookCrossing is part of a trend among people who want to get back to the “real” and not the virtual( 虚拟 ).The site now has more than one million members in more than one hundred thirty-five countries. 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 【语篇解读】 本文为说明文。主要介绍一个面向全球的图书分享网站 BookCrossing.com 。人们通过该网站可以把书放在指定地点 , 由其他参与者自由获取 , 同时也能相互交流阅读体验。 1 .Why does the author mention book groups in the first paragraph? A.To explain what they are. B.To introduce BookCrossing. C.To stress the importance of reading. D.To encourage readers to share their ideas. 【答案】 B 【解析】 推理判断题。根据文章第一段最后一句 “Now,the website BookCrossing.com turns the page on the traditional idea of a book group.” 可知 , 现如今这个称之为 BookCrossing.com 的网站推翻了人们传统观念中的 “ 读书会 ” 的概念。由此引出下文对这一网站的介绍。故此处提及 book groups 是为了引出话题。因此 B 项正确。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 2 . What does the underlined word “ it ” in Paragraph 2 refer to ? A.The book. B.An adventure. C.A public place. D.The identification number. 【答案】 A 【解析】 词义猜测题。根据文章第二段最后一句可以得知 , 此人将书放于一公众场所 , 盼着它能有一番奇遇 , 随着发现它的每一位新读者到处旅行。因此此处 it 指代上文提到的 the book 。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 3 .What will a BookCrosser do with a book after reading it? A.Meet other readers to discuss it. B.Keep it safe in his bookcase. C.Pass it on to another reader. D.Mail it back to its owner. 【答案】 C 【解析】 推理判断题。根据文章第二段及第四、五段可知 , 这些书会放在一些公共场所 , 发现者要将信息上传至网站 , 以便人们及时掌握这些书籍的动向。因此可以得知 , 当人们阅读完后 , 会将其传给其他人 , 故选 C 项。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 4 .What is the best title for the text? A.Online Reading:A Virtual Tour B.Electronic Books:A New Trend C.A Book Group Brings Tradition Back D.A Website Links People through Books 【答案】 D 【解析】 主旨大意题。根据文章内容可以得知 , 本文主要介绍了一个图书分享网站 BookCrossing.com, 故只有 D 项最合适。 A 项表示 “ 网上阅读 ”,virtual 为错误信息 ;B 项表示 “ 电子书 ”,electronic 为错误信息 ;C 项表示 “ 带回传统 ”,a book group 为错误信息。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 Passage 5 (2016 全国 Ⅰ ,C) I am Peter Hodes,a volunteer stem cell courier .Since March 2012,I’ve done 89 trips—of those,51 have been abroad.I have 42 hours to carry stem cells ( 干细胞 ) in my little box because I’ve got two ice packs and that’s how long they last.In all,from the time the stem cells are harvested from a donor ( 捐献者 ) to the time they can be implanted in the patient,we’ve got 72 hours at most.So I am always conscious of time. 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 I had one trip last year where I was caught by a hurricane in America.I picked up the stem cells in Providence,Rhode Island,and was meant to fly to Washington then back to London.But when I arrived at the check-in desk at Providence,the lady on the desk said:“Well,I’m really sorry,I’ve got some bad news for you-there are no flights from Washington.”So I took my box and put it on the desk and I said:“In this box are some stem cells that are urgently needed for a patient-please,please,you’ve got to get me back to the United Kingdom.”She just dropped everything.She arranged for a flight on a small plane to be held for me,re-routed ( 改道 ) me through Newark and got me back to the UK even earlier than originally scheduled. For this courier job,you’re consciously aware that in that box you’ve got something that is potentially going to save somebody’s life. 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 【语篇解读】 本文为记叙文。文章以第一人称的口吻介绍了一位志愿者的特殊工作 : 运送干细胞。作者讲述了自己运送干细胞的过程中遭遇的一次意外。 1 . Which of the following can replace the underlined word “ courier ” in Paragraph 1 ? A.provider B.delivery man C.collector D.medical doctor 【答案】 B 【解析】 词义猜测题。根据第一段第二、三句内容 , 特别是里面出现的关键词 trips,carry 可推断 , 该词指的是 “ 运送者 , 快递者 ” 。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 2 .Why does Peter have to complete his trip within 42 hours? A.He cannot stay away from his job too long. B.The donor can only wait for that long. C.The operation needs that much time. D.The ice won’t last any longer. 【答案】 D 【解析】 细节理解题。根据第一段第三句中的 “...that’s how long they last.” 可知 ,Peter 必须在 42 小时内完成他的行程 , 因为冰袋的使用时间有限。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 3 .Which flight did the woman put Peter on first? A.To London. B.To Newark. C.To Providence. D.To Washington. 【答案】 B 【解析】 细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句 , 特别是其中的 re-routed( 改道 ) me through Newark 可知 ,Peter 坐的班机最先到达 Newark 。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 Passage 6 (2016 全国 Ⅲ ,C) If you are a fruit grower—or would like to become one—take advantage of Apple Day to see what’s around.It’s called Apple Day but in practice it’s more like Apple Month.The day itself is on October 21,but since it has caught on,events now spread out over most of October around Britain. Visiting an apple event is a good chance to see,and often taste,a wide variety of apples.To people who are used to the limited choice of apples such as Golden Delicious and Royal Gala in supermarkets,it can be quite an eye opener to see the range of classical apples still in existence,such as Decio which was grown by the Romans.Although it doesn’t taste of anything special,it’s still worth a try,as is the knobbly( 多疙瘩的 )Cat’s Head which is more of a curiosity than anything else. 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 There are also varieties developed to suit specific local conditions.One of the very best varieties for eating quality is Orleans Reinette,but you’ll need a warm,sheltered place with perfect soil to grow it,so it’s a pipe dream for most apple lovers who fall for it.  At the events,you can meet expert growers and discuss which ones will best suit your conditions,and because these are family affairs,children are well catered for with apple-themed fun and games. Apple Days are being held at all sorts of places with an interest in fruit,including stately gardens and commercial orchards( 果园 ).If you want to have a real orchard experience,try visiting the National Fruit Collection at Brogdale,near Faversham in Kent. 【语篇解读】 本文为说明文。文章介绍了苹果节举办的时间、项目及地点。重点提到苹果节上种类丰富的苹果品种和有关苹果种植的相关知识 , 特别指出可以与苹果种植专家进行讨论等。再加上孩子们喜欢的以苹果为主题的趣味游戏 , 可以说 , 对于那些对苹果及苹果种植感兴趣的人极具吸引力。 1 .What can people do at the apple events? A.Attend experts’ lectures. B.Visit fruit-loving families. C.Plant fruit trees in an orchard. D.Taste many kinds of apples. 【答案】 D 【解析】 细节理解题。由第二段第一句 “Visiting an apple event is a good chance to see,and often taste,a wide variety of apples.” 可知 , 在苹果节的活动中 , 人们可以品尝到各种苹果。故选 D 项。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 2 .What can we learn about Decio? A.It is a new variety. B.It has a strange look. C.It is rarely seen now. D.It has a special taste. 【答案】 C 【解析】 推理判断题。由第二段第二句中的 “...it can be quite an eye opener to see the range of classical apples still in existence,such as Decio which was grown by the Romans.” 可推知 ,Decio 是以前由罗马人种植的一种苹果 , 现在的人们能够看到这种苹果就算是大开眼界了。由此推知现在 Decio 苹果非常罕见。故选 C 项。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 3 . What does the underlined phrase “ a pipe dream ” in Paragraph 3 mean ? A.A practical idea. B.A vain hope. C.A brilliant plan. D.A selfish desire. 【答案】 B 【解析】 词义猜测题。由第三段第二句可知 ,Orleans Reinette 果品上佳 , 但是对温度、环境、土壤的要求很高 , 因此 , 对大多数喜欢种植该苹果的爱好者来说是 a pipe dream ( 白日梦 ) 。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 4 .What is the author’s purpose in writing the text? A.To show how to grow apples. B.To introduce an apple festival. C.To help people select apples. D.To promote apple research. 【答案】 B 【解析】 主旨大意题。通读全篇 , 文章主要介绍一个关于苹果的节日 —— 苹果节。故选 B 项。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 Passage 7 (2016 四川 ,B) If you could have one superpower,what would it be? Dreaming about whether you would want to read minds,see through walls,or have superhuman strength may sound silly,but it actually gets to the heart of what really matters in your life .  Every day in our work,we are inspired by the people we meet doing extraordinary things to improve the world. They have a different kind of superpower that all of us possess:the power to make a difference in the lives of others. 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 We’re not saying that everyone needs to contribute their lives to the poor.Your lives are busy enough doing homework,playing sports,making friends,seeking after your dreams.But we do think that you can live a more powerful life when you devote some of your time and energy to something much larger than yourself.Find an issue you are interested in and learn more.Volunteer or,if you can,contribute a little money to a cause.Whatever you do,don’t be a bystander.Get involved.You may have the opportunity to make your biggest difference when you’re older.But why not start now? Our own experience working together on health,development,and energy the last twenty years has been one of the most rewarding parts of our lives.It has changed who we are and continues to fuel our optimism about how much the lives of the poorest people will improve in the years ahead. 【语篇解读】 本文为说明文。如果你能拥有一种超能力 , 你希望会是哪一种 ? 你的选择 , 会反映出你的人生观和价值观。在工作中 , 我们每天都受到一些人的鼓舞 , 他们做着非凡的事情来改善这个世界。作者建议 : 找到你感兴趣的东西 , 学习更多的知识。无论做什么 , 都不要做旁观者。 1 . What does the underlined part in Paragraph 2 refer to ? A.Your life style. B.Your life value. C.Your trouble in life. D.Your life experience. 【答案】 B 【解析】 词义猜测题。根据文章第一段及第二段可知 , 如果可以拥有一种超能力 , 有的人想要读心术、有的人想能看穿墙壁、有的人想拥有超人的力量 , 这听起来都很傻 , 但这确实反映了你内心的真实想法 , 也就是你的人生观和价值观。由此可以判断 , 画线部分的含义为 “ 你的人生价值观 ”, 故选 B 项。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 2 .Why does the author say they are inspired every day? A.They possess different kinds of superpowers. B.They have got the power to change the world. C.Some people around them are making the world better. D.There are many powerful people in their life and work. 【答案】 C 【解析】 推理判断题。根据文章第三段的内容可知 , 在工作中 , 我们每天都受到一些人的鼓舞 , 他们做着非凡的事情来改善这个世界。由此可以推断 , 人们之所以受到鼓舞 , 是因为周围的人都在改变着世界 , 使世界变得更美好 , 故选 C 项。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 3 .What does the author stress in Paragraph 5? A.Learning more and contributing more to a cause. B.Rising above self and acting to help others. C.Working hard to get a bigger opportunity. D.Trying your best to help the poor. 【答案】 B 【解析】 段落大意题。作者在第五段第一句指出 , 我们并不是说每个人都需要为穷人贡献自己的生命。然后指出了自己的观点 “But we do think that you can live a more powerful life when you devote some of your time and energy to something much larger than yourself.”, 可知当你把你的时间和精力投入到更大的事情上时 , 你可以活得更有力量。由此可以推断 , 作者强调的是要提升自己 , 帮助他人 , 故 B 项正确。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 4 .What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A.The author believes the lives of the poorest will get better. B.Much more progress will be made in the near future. C.The work on health is the most valuable experience. D.People’s efforts have been materially rewarded. 【答案】 A 【解析】 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中的 “It has changed who we are and continues to fuel our optimism about how much the lives of the poorest people will improve in the years ahead.” 可知 , 它改变了我们 , 并继续让我们对改善贫穷人口的生活保持乐观的情绪。由此可以推断 , 作者坚信 , 穷人的生活会变得更好。故选 A 项。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 Passage 8 (2016 天津 ,C) When John was growing up,other kids felt sorry for him.His parents always had him weeding the garden,carrying out the garbage and delivering newspapers.But when John reached adulthood,he was better off than his childhood playmates.He had more job satisfaction,a better marriage and was healthier.Most of all,he was happier.Far happier. These are the findings of a 40-year study that followed the lives of 456 teenage boys from Boston.The study showed that those who had worked as boys enjoyed happier and more productive lives than those who had not.“Boys who worked in the home or community gained competence( 能力 ) and came to feel they were worthwhile members of society,”said George Vaillant,the psychologist( 心理学家 ) who made the discovery.“And because they felt good about themselves,others felt good about them.” 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 Vaillant’s study followed these males in great detail.Interviews were repeated at ages 25,31 and 47.Under Vaillant,the researchers compared the men’s mental-health scores with their boyhood-activity scores.Points were awarded for part-time jobs,housework,effort in school,and ability to deal with problems. The link between what the men had done as boys and how they turned out as adults was surprisingly sharp .Those who had done the most boyhood activities were twice as likely to have warm relations with a wide variety of people,five times as likely to be well paid and 16 times less likely to have been unemployed.The researchers also found that IQ and family social and economic class made no real difference in how the boys turned out. 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 Working—at any age—is important.Childhood activities help a child develop responsibility,independence,confidence and competence—the underpinnings( 基础 ) of emotional health.They also help him understand that people must cooperate and work toward common goals.The most competent adults are those who know how to do this.Yet work isn’t everything.As Tolstoy once said,“One can live magnificently in this world if one knows how to work and how to love,to work for the person one loves and to love one’s work.” 【语篇解读】 本文为议论文。研究人员发现 , 一个在童年时期曾在家里或社区工作过的男人长大后会拥有更大的社会价值感 , 他的个人幸福指数也会更高。而且这种感觉会在他人生中的各个阶段都有所体现。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 1 .What do we know about John? A.He enjoyed his career and marriage. B.He had few childhood playmates. C.He received little love from his family. D.He was envied by others in his childhood. 【答案】 A 【解析】 细节理解题。由第一段第四句 “He had more job satisfaction,a better marriage and was healthier.” 可知 , 他对自己的工作和婚姻状况都比较满意。故选 A 项。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 2 .Vaillant’s words in Paragraph 2 serve as 　　　 .  A.a description of personal values and social values B.an analysis of how work was related to competence C.an example for parents’ expectations of their children D.an explanation why some boys grew into happy men 【答案】 D 【解析】 推理判断题。由第二段 George Vaillant 所说的话可知 , 那些在家里和社区工作的男孩子能力较强 , 并且感觉到自己是对社会有用的人 , 由于他们自我感觉好 , 所以其他人也会感觉他们很优秀。这些话解释了为什么有些男孩子会成为幸福的男人。故选 D 项。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 3 .Vaillant’s team obtained their findings by 　　　 .  A.recording the boys’ effort in school B.evaluating the men’s mental health C.comparing different sets of scores D.measuring the men’s problem solving ability 【答案】 C 【解析】 细节理解题。由第三段中的 “the researchers compared the men’s mental-health scores with their boyhood-activity scores” 可知 ,Vaillant’s team 是通过比较不同组的分数获得他们的发现的。故选 C 项。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 4 . What does the underlined word “ sharp ” probably mean in Paragraph 4 ? A.Quick to react. B.Having a thin edge. C.Clear and definite. D.Sudden and rapid. 【答案】 C 【解析】 词义猜测题。由画线词后一句可得知那些在童年时期工作过的人 , 其人际关系和收入优于其他人 , 失业率也降低许多。故可推出男人童年时期的经历与成年后的发展之间的联系是令人惊奇地直接明了。分析选项中只有 C 项最贴近其词义。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 5 .What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A.Competent adults know more about love than work. B.Emotional health is essential to a wonderful adult life. C.Love brings more joy to people than work does. D.Independence is the key to one’s success. 【答案】 B 【解析】 推理判断题。由最后一段第一、二句可知 , 责任感、独立性、自信心和能力是一个人情感健康的基础。它们也能够帮助人们使他们明了必须要合作 , 一起朝着共同的目标前进。由此推出 , 情感健康对于一个快乐的成年人的生活是必要的。故选 B 项。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 Passage 9 (2015 全国 Ⅱ ,A) My color television has given me nothing but a headache.I was able to buy it a little over a year ago because I had my relatives give me money for my birthday instead of a lot of clothes that wouldn’t fit.I let a salesclerk fool me into buying a discontinued model.I realized this a day later,when I saw newspaper advertisements for the set at seventy-five dollars less than I had paid.The set worked so beautifully when I first got it home that I would keep it on until stations signed off for the night.Fortunately,I didn’t get any channels showing all-night movies or I would never have gotten to bed.  试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 Then I started developing a problem with the set that involved static( 静电 ) noise.For some reason,when certain shows switched into a commercial,a loud noise would sound for a few seconds.Gradually,this noise began to appear during a show,and to get rid of it,I had to change to another channel and then change it back.Sometimes this technique would not work,and I had to pick up the set and shake it to remove the sound.I actually began to build up my arm muscles( 肌肉 ) shaking my set. When neither of these methods removed the static noise,I would sit helplessly and wait for the noise to go away.At last I ended up hitting the set with my fist,and it stopped working altogether.My trip to the repair shop cost me $62,and the set is working well now,but I keep expecting more trouble. 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 【语篇解读】 本文为记叙文。作者用诙谐、幽默的语气讲述了自己高价购买的一台电视机给自己带来的诸多烦恼。 1 .Why did the author say he was fooled into buying the TV set? A.He got an older model than he had expected. B.He couldn’t return it when it was broken. C.He could have bought it at a lower price. D.He failed to find any movie shows on it. 【答案】 C 【解析】 细节理解题。由第一段第四句 “I realized this a day later,when I saw newspaper advertisements for the set at seventy-five dollars less than I had paid.” 可知 , 作者之所以说自己是被欺骗购买那台电视机是因为他本可以用更低的价格购买它。故选 C 项。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 2 . Which of the following can best replace the phrase “ signed off ” in Paragraph 1 ? A.ended all their programs B.provided fewer channels C.changed to commercials D.showed all-night movies 【答案】 A 【解析】 词义猜测题。结合画线部分所在的句子 “The set worked so beautifully when I first got it home that I would keep it on until stations signed off for the night.” 可知 , 此处指作者一开始把它带回家时 , 一切如此顺利以至于作者一直看到电视台 “ 停止播放节目 ” 。作者调侃说 , 还好电视台没有通宵播放电影 , 否则 “ 我 ” 就不睡觉了。故选 A 项。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 3 .How did the author finally get his TV set working again? A.By shaking and hitting it. B.By turning it on and off. C.By switching channels. D.By having it repaired. 【答案】 D 【解析】 细节理解题。由最后一段第二、三句 “At last I ended up hitting the set with my fist,and it stopped working altogether.My trip to the pair shop cost me $62,and the set is working well now,but I keep expecting more trouble.” 可知 , 当最终电视机不工作的时候 , 作者把它送到修理店修好了。故选 D 项。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 4 .How does the author sound when telling the story? A.Curious. B.Anxious. C.Cautious. D.Humorous. 【答案】 D 【解析】 推理判断题。作者并没有采用 “ 就事论事 ” 的叙事方法 , 而是行文轻松、幽默 , 娓娓道来。由第一段第一句中的 “headache”, 第二段最后一句 “I actually began to build up my arm muscles( 肌肉 )shaking my set.” 以及最后一段第二句中的 “hitting the set with my fist” 以及最后一句 “...but I keep expecting more trouble.” 等 , 可以看出作者在讲述时 , 听起来非常幽默。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 Passage 10 (2015 四川 ,B) Nothing could stop Dad.After he was put on disability for a bad back,he bought a small farm in the country,just enough to grow food for the family.He planted vegetables,fruit trees and even kept bees for honey. And every week he cleaned Old Man McColgin’s chicken house in exchange for manure ( 肥料 ).The smell really burned the inside of your nose.When we complained about the terrible smell,Dad said the stronger the manure,the healthier the crops,and he was right.For example,just one of his cantaloupes filled the entire house with its sweet smell,and the taste was even sweeter. 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 As the vegetables started coming in,Dad threw himself into cooking.One day,armed with a basket of vegetables,he announced he was going to make stew ( 炖菜 ).Dad pulled out a pressure cooker and filled it up with cabbages,eggplants,potatoes,corns,onions and carrots.For about half an hour,the pressure built and the vegetables cooked.Finally,Dad turned off the stove,the pot began to cool and the pressure relief valve sprayed out a cloud of steam.If we thought Dad’s pile of chicken manure was bad,this was 10 times worse.When Dad took off the lid,the smell nearly knocked us out. Dad carried the pot out and we opened doors and windows to air out the house.Just how bad was it?The neighbors came out of their houses to see if we had a gas leak! 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 Determined,Dad filled our plates with steaming stew and passed them around.It didn’t look that bad,and after the first wave had shut down my ability to smell,it didn’t offend the nose so much either.I took a taste.It would never win a prize in a cooking competition,but it was surprisingly edible,and we drank up every last drop of soup. 【语篇解读】 本文为记叙文。背部残疾的父亲在农村买了一个农场 , 为家人种植蔬菜和水果 , 还养蜂。爸爸通过给别人打扫鸡舍获得粪肥 , 虽然臭味难闻但保证了蔬菜的无公害。蔬菜成熟了 , 爸爸炖了蔬菜大杂烩 , 出锅后的菜味道难闻 , 但爸爸坚持让我们吃。鉴于蔬菜绿色无公害 , 我们吃的汤水不剩。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 1 .Why did Dad clean Old Man McColgin’s chicken house regularly? A.To earn some money for the family. B.To collect manure for his crops. C.To get rid of the terrible smell. D.To set a good example to us. 【答案】 B 【解析】 细节理解题。由第二段中的 “And every week he cleaned Old Man McColgin’s chicken house in exchange for manure ( 肥料 ).” 可知 , 父亲每周给别人打扫鸡舍是为了获得粪肥。故选 B 项。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 2 .What can we infer about Dad’s stew? A.It is popular among the neighbors. B.It contains honey and vegetables. C.It looks very wonderful. D.It tastes quite delicious. 【答案】 D 【解析】 推理判断题。从文章最后一段的 “...surprisingly edible,and we drank up every last drop of soup.” 推断 , 父亲做的炖菜的味道还是比较美味的。故选 D 项。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 3 . What does the underlined word “ offend ” in the last paragraph mean ? A.To attract. B.To upset. C.To air. D.To shut. 【答案】 B 【解析】 词义猜测题。根据画线词所在段中的信息 “after the first wave had shut down my ability to smell” 以及 “I took a taste.” 可知 , 后来炖菜的气味也不是很难闻。所以 offend 意为 “ 令人不适 ”, 这与 B 选项相符。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 4 .What can we learn about Dad from the text? A.He is an experienced cook. B.He is a troublesome father. C.He has a positive attitude to life. D.He suffers a lot from his disability. 【答案】 C 【解析】 推理判断题。从文中的三个例子可以看出父亲是一个对待生活乐观积极的人。身体残疾却买下农场亲自种植果蔬 , 通过给别人打扫鸡舍获得粪肥 , 炖菜味道难闻 , 却坚持让我们吃 , 因为它绿色无公害。故选 C 项。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 Passage 11 (2015 重庆 ,D) There are many places to go on safari( 观赏野生动物 ) in Africa,but riding a horse through the flooded waters of Botswana’s Okavango Delta must rank as one of the world’s most exciting wildlife journeys. Several safari camps operate as the base for this adventure,providing unique rides twice a day to explore deep into the delta.The camps have excellent horses,professional guides and lots of support workers. They have a reputation for providing a great riding experience. 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 The morning ride,when the guides take you to beautiful,shallow lakes full of water lilies,tends to be more active.It is unlike any other riding experience.With rainbows forming in the splashing water around you and the sound of huge drops of water bouncing off your body and face,it is truly exciting.You are very likely to come across large wild animals,too.On horseback it is possible to get quite close to elephants,giraffes and many other animals.The sense of excitement and tension levels rise suddenly though,as does your heart rate,as you move closer to them. 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 In the evening,rides are usually at a more relaxed and unhurried pace,with golden light streaming across the grassy delta and the animals coming out to eat and drink. Sedate though they are,rides at this time of day are still very impressive.As the sun’s rays pass through the dust kicked up by the horses,the romance of Africa comes to life. Back at the camp you can kick off your boots and enjoy excellent food and wine.Looking back on your day,you will find it hard to deny that a horseback safari is as close as you will ever come to answering the call of the wild. 【语篇解读】 本文为说明文。在非洲观赏野生动物的地方很多 , 然而最让人兴奋的旅程莫过于博茨瓦纳的奥卡万戈三角洲的马背之旅。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 1 . What does the underlined word “ They ” refer to ? A.Flooded waters. B.Wildlife journeys. C.Safari camps. D.Unique rides. 【答案】 C 【解析】 词义猜测题。 They 前两句中谈到了 “Several safari camps” 给游客提供的服务以及它们的特点 , 本句又说明它们因为给游客提供美妙的骑马经历而闻名 , 因此 They 指的是上文提到的 “Several safari camps” 。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 2 .What does the author find most exciting about a horseback safari? A.Seeing and feeling the real African life. B.Enjoying good food and wine at the camp. C.Hunting large animals just as our ancestors did. D.Being part of the scene and getting close to animals. 【答案】 D 【解析】 细节理解题。由第三段第三句可知 , 水花与彩虹相映成趣 , 溅落在身上的水花声音清脆 , 画面与声音让人兴奋不已。由第三段最后一句可知 , 和动物靠得越近越让人兴奋紧张。故 D 项正确。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 3 . What does the underlined word “ sedate ” probably mean ? A.Wild and romantic. B.Slow and peaceful. C.Hungry and thirsty. D.Active and excited. 【答案】 B 【解析】 词义猜测题。依据上一句中的 “a more relaxed and unhurried pace” 可知 , 傍晚的旅程是缓慢的、平静的 , 故 B 项符合题意。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 4 .The author introduces the riding experience in the Okavango Delta mainly by 　　　 .  A.following space order B.following time order C.making classifications D.giving examples 【答案】 B 【解析】 细节理解题。由第三段中的 “The morning ride”, 第四段中的 “In the evening” 以及最后一段中的 “Back at the camp” 可知 , 对奥卡万戈三角洲的旅行介绍是按照时间顺序进行的。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 Passage 12 (2015 陕西 ,D) Parents who help their children with homework may actually be bringing down their school grades.Other forms of parental involvement ,including volunteering at school and observing a child’s class,also fail to help,according to the most recent study on the topic.  The findings challenge a key principle of modern parenting( 养育子女 ) where schools expect them to act as partners in their children’s education.Previous generations concentrated on getting children to school on time,fed,dressed and ready to learn. 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 Keith Robinson,the author of the study,said,“I really don’t know if the public is ready for this but there are some ways parents can be involved in their kids’ education that leads to declines in their academic performance.One of the things that was consistently negative was parents’ help with homework.”Robinson suggested that may be because parents themselves struggle to understand the tasks.“They may either not remember the material their kids are studying now,or in some cases never learnt it themselves,but they’re still offering advice.” Robinson assessed parental involvement performance and found one of the most damaging things a parent could do was to punish their children for poor marks.In general,about 20% of parental involvement was positive,about 45% negative and the rest statistically insignificant. 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 Common sense suggests it was a good thing for parents to get involved because “children with good academic success do have involved parents”,admitted Robinson.But he argued that this did not prove parental involvement was the root cause of that success.“A big surprise was that Asian-American parents whose kids are doing so well in school hardly involved.They took a more reasonable approach,conveying to their children how success at school could improve their lives.” 【语篇解读】 本文为议论文。最新的一项研究发现 , 父母帮助孩子完成家庭作业或以其他方式参与到孩子的教育中会对孩子的学业产生不利影响。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 1 . The underlined expression “ parental involvement ” in Paragraph 1 probably means 　　　 .  A.parents’ expectation on children’s health B.parents’ participation in children’s education C.parents’ control over children’s life D.parents’ plan for children’s future 【答案】 B 【解析】 词义猜测题。根据画线部分前面的 “help their children with homework” 以及后面的 “including volunteering at school and observing a child’s class” 可推知 , 画线部分的意思应是 “ 父母参与到孩子的教育中 ”, 故选 B 项。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 2 .What is the major finding of Robinson’s study? A.Modern parents raise children in a more scientific way. B.Punishing kids for bad marks is mentally damaging. C.Parental involvement is not so beneficial as expected. D.Parents are not able to help with children’s homework. 【答案】 C 【解析】 推理判断题。从文章倒数第二段的调查数据 “about 20% of parental involvement was positive,about 45% negative...” 可以判断父母对孩子教育的介入并不像我们想象的那样有用。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 3 .The example of Asian-American parents implies that parents should 　　　 .  A.help children realize the importance of schooling B.set a specific life goal for their children C.spend more time improving their own lives D.take a more active part in school management 【答案】 A 【解析】 推理判断题。从文章最后一段中的 “...parents whose kids are doing so well in school hardly involved...how success at school could improve their lives” 可知 , 美籍亚裔父母向他们的孩子传递的信息是学校里的成功如何能改善他们的生活 , 也就是说 , 父母应该帮助他们的孩子意识到学校教育的重要性。故答案为 A 项。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 Passage 13 (2015 四川 ,D) Their cheery song brightens many a winter’s day.But robins are in danger of wearing themselves out by singing too much.Robins are singing all night—as well as during the day,British-based researchers say. David Dominoni,of Glasgow University,said that light from street lamps,takeaway signs and homes is affecting the birds’ biological clocks,leading to them being wide awake when they should be asleep. Dr Dominoni,who is putting cameras inside nesting boxes to track sleeping patterns,said lack of sleep could put the birds’ health at risk.His study shows that when robins are exposed to light at night in the lab,it leads to some genes being active at the wrong time of day.And the more birds are exposed to light,the more active they are at night. 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 He told people at a conference,“There have been a couple of studies suggesting they are increasing their song output at night and during the day they are still singing.Singing is a costly behaviour and it takes energy.So by increasing their song output,there might be some costs of energy.” And it is not just robins that are being kept awake by artificial light.Blackbirds and seagulls are also being more nocturnal .Dr Dominoni said,“In Glasgow where I live,gulls are a serious problem.I have people coming to me saying ‘You are the bird expert.Can you help us kill these gulls?’.During the breeding( 繁殖 )season,between April and June,they are very active at night and very noisy and people can’t sleep.” 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 Although Dr Dominoni has only studied light pollution,other research concluded that robins living in noisy cities have started to sing at night to make themselves heard over loud noise. However,some birds thrive( 兴旺 ) in noisy environments.A study from California Polytechnic University found more hummingbirds in areas with heavy industrial machinery.It is thought that they are capitalising on their predators( 天敌 )fleeing to quieter areas. 【语篇解读】 本文为议论文。光污染使知更鸟等鸟类的生物钟发生了紊乱 , 错把有人造光的夜间当成白天而高歌 , 从而严重影响这些鸟类的健康。然而 , 像蜂鸟这样的鸟在嘈杂的环境中却更加兴旺。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 1 .According to Dr Dominoni’s study,what causes robins to sing so much? A.The breeding season. B.The light in modern life. C.The dangerous environment. D.The noise from heavy machinery. 【答案】 B 【解析】 细节理解题。由第二段中的 “...light from street lamps,takeaway signs and homes is affecting the birds’ biological clocks,leading to them being wide awake when they should be asleep.” 可知 , 街灯、外卖店的招牌和住宅产生的人造灯光会影响鸟的生物钟 , 导致它们在本应睡眠的夜间十分清醒。故 B 项正确。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 2 .What is the researchers’ concern over the increase of birds’ song output? A.The environment might be polluted. B.The birds’ health might be damaged. C.The industry cost might be increased. D.The people’s hearing might be affected. 【答案】 B 【解析】 推理判断题。根据第四段最后一句 “...by increasing their song output,there might be some costs of energy.” 可以推断 , 这些鸟的健康可能会受损害 , 所以 B 项正确。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 3 . What does the underlined word “ nocturnal ” in Paragraph 5 mean ? A.Active at night. B.Inactive at night. C.Active during the day. D.Inactive during the day. 【答案】 A 【解析】 词义猜测题。根据画线词所在段中的 “being kept awake” 及 “During the breeding( 繁殖 ) season,between April and June,they are very active at night” 可知 , 画线单词和 awake 属于含义相近的词 , 都表示光污染也会使它们清醒或者活跃。 nocturnal 的意思应是 “ 夜间活动的 ”, 故 A 项正确。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 4 .Why do some birds thrive in noisy environments? A.Because there are fewer dangers. B.Because there is more food to eat. C.Because there is less light pollution. D.Because there are more places to take shelter. 【答案】 A 【解析】 推理判断题。根据最后一段的 “It is thought that they are capitalising on their predators( 天敌 ) fleeing to quieter areas.” 可以判断因为天敌去了更安静的地区 , 所以它们的生存可能性更大了。故 A 项正确。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 Passage 14 (2015 安徽 ,D) There are an extremely large number of ants worldwide.Each individual ( 个体的 ) ant hardly weighs anything,but put together they weigh roughly the same as all of mankind.They also live nearly everywhere,except on frozen mountain tops and around the poles.For animals their size,ants have been astonishingly successful,largely due to their wonderful social behavior. 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 In colonies ( 群体 ) that range in size from a few hundred to tens of millions,they organize their lives with a clear division of labor.Even more amazing is how they achieve this level of organization.Where we use sound and sight to communicate,ants depend primarily on pheromones ( 外激素 ),chemicals sent out by individuals and smelled or tasted by fellow members of their colony.When an ant finds food,it produces a pheromone that will lead others straight to where the food is.When an individual ant comes under attack or is dying,it sends out an alarm pheromone to warn the colony to prepare for a conflict as a defense unit. 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 In fact,when it comes to the art of war,ants have no equal.They are completely fearless and will readily take on a creature much larger than themselves,attacking in large groups and overcoming their target.Such is their devotion to the common good of the colony that not only soldier ants but also worker ants will sacrifice their lives to help defeat an enemy.  Behaving in this selfless and devoted manner,these little creatures have survived on Earth for more than 140 million years,far longer than dinosaurs.Because they think as one,they have a collective ( 集体的 ) intelligence greater than you would expect from its individual parts. 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 【语篇解读】 本文为说明文。文章对个体渺小 , 实则有着庞大团队和巨大力量的蚂蚁进行了分析。作者从蚂蚁有着明确的分工合作、对集体任务无私奉献中找到了它们在地球上存活时间比恐龙还长的原因。 1 .We can learn from the passage that ants are 　　　 .  A.not willing to share food B.not found around the poles C.more successful than all other animals D.too many to achieve any level of organization 【答案】 B 【解析】 细节理解题。从第一段第三句 “They also live nearly everywhere,except on frozen mountain tops and around the poles.” 可知 , 在高寒地区和两极地区没有蚂蚁。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 2 .Ants can use pheromones for 　　　 .  A.escape B.communication C.warning enemies D.arranging labor 【答案】 B 【解析】 细节理解题。从第二段第三句 “Where we use sound and sight to communicate,ants depend primarily on pheromones...” 可知 , 蚂蚁可通过外激素与同类交流。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 3 . What does the underlined expression “ take on ” in Paragraph 3 mean ? A.Accept. B.Employ. C.Play with. D.Fight against. 【答案】 D 【解析】 词义猜测题。根据第三段中的 “They are completely fearless and will readily take on a creature much larger than themselves,attacking in large groups and overcoming their target.” 可知 , 它们在战争中无所畏惧 , 因而会攻击比它们体型更大的动物 , 答案应为 attack 之类的动词。 fight against“ 攻击 ” 。故选 D 项。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 4 .Which of the following contributes most to the survival of ants? A.Their behavior. B.Their size. C.Their number. D.Their weight. 【答案】 A 【解析】 细节理解题。从第四段第一句中的 “Behaving in this selfless and devoted manner,these little creatures have survived on Earth” 可以看出 , 它们的生存主要原因是它们无私奉献的精神。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 Passage 15 (2015 北京 ,C) Life in the Clear Transparent animals let light pass through their bodies the same way light passes through a window.These animals typically live between the surface of the ocean and a depth of about 3,300 feet—as far as most light can reach.Most of them are extremely delicate and can be damaged by a simple touch.Sonke Johnsen,a scientist in biology,says,“These animals live through their life alone.They never touch anything unless they’re eating it,or unless something is eating them.” And they are as clear as glass.How does an animal become see-through?It’s trickier than you might think. 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 The objects around you are visible because they interact with light.Light typically travels in a straight line.But some materials slow and scatter( 散射 )light,bouncing it away from its original path.Others absorb light,stopping it dead in its tracks.Both scattering and absorption make an object look different from other objects around it,so you can see it easily. But a transparent object doesn’t absorb or scatter light,at least not very much.Light can pass through it without bending or stopping.That means a transparent object doesn’t look very different from the surrounding air or water.You don’t see it—you see the things behind it. 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 To become transparent,an animal needs to keep its body from absorbing or scattering light.Living materials can stop light because they contain pigments( 色素 ) that absorb specific colors of light.But a transparent animal doesn’t have pigments,so its tissues won’t absorb light.According to Johnsen,avoiding absorption is actually easy.The real challenge is preventing light from scattering. Animals are built of many different materials—skin,fat,and more—and light moves through each at a different speed.Every time light moves into a material with a new speed,it bends and scatters.Transparent animals use different tricks to fight scattering.Some animals are simply very small or extremely flat.Without much tissue to scatter light,it is easier to be see-through.Others build a large,clear mass of non-living jelly-like( 果冻状的 ) material and spread themselves over it. 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 Larger transparent animals have the biggest challenge,because they have to make all the different tissues in their bodies slow down light exactly as much as water does.They need to look uniform.But how they’re doing it is still unknown.One thing is clear:for these larger animals,staying transparent is an active process.When they die,they turn a non-transparent milky white. 【语篇解读】 本文为说明文。文章首先说明了身体透明的动物极其脆弱 , 很容易受到伤害 ; 然后解释这类动物的身体为何是透明的 ; 最后说明动物们为了保持身体透明需要采取的方法。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 1 .According to Paragraph 1,transparent animals 　　　 .  A.stay in groups B.can be easily damaged C.appear only in deep ocean D.are beautiful creatures 【答案】 B 【解析】 细节理解题。根据第一段第三句内容可知 , 身体透明的动物大多极其脆弱 , 稍微触碰就可能伤害到它们 , 故选 B 项。 2 . The underlined word “ dead ” in Paragraph 3 means 　　　 .  A.silently B.gradually C.regularly D.completely 【答案】 D 【解析】 词义猜测题。根据第三段中第四句话前半句其他的动物吸收光 , 可以猜出后面是完全地阻止光的传播 , 画线单词的意思应为 “ 完全地 ”, 故选 D 项。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 3 .One way for an animal to become transparent is to 　　　 .  A.change the direction of light travel B.gather materials to scatter light C.avoid the absorption of light D.grow bigger to stop light 【答案】 C 【解析】 细节理解题。根据第五段第一句内容可知 , 动物要想变得透明 , 方法之一就是避免吸收或散射光线。故选 C 项。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 4 .The last paragraph tells us that larger transparent animals 　　　 .  A.move more slowly in deep water B.stay see-through even after death C.produce more tissues for their survival D.take effective action to reduce light spreading 【答案】 D 【解析】 推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句内容可推断出 , 较为大型的透明动物面临的挑战最大 , 因为它们需要采取积极有效的行动减缓光线的传播 , 故答案为 D 项。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 Passage 16 (2014 安徽 ,D) Should we allow modern buildings to be built next to older buildings in a historic area of a city?In order to answer this question,we must first examine whether people really want to preserve the historic feel of an area.Not all historical buildings are attractive.However,there may be other reasons—for example,economic( 经济的 ) reasons—why they should be preserved.So,let us assume that historical buildings are both attractive and important to the majority of people.What should we do then if a new building is needed? 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 In my view,new architectural styles can exist perfectly well alongside an older style.Indeed,there are many examples in my own home town of Tours where modern designs have been placed very successfully next to old buildings.As long as the building in question is pleasing and does not dominate( 影响 ) its surroundings too much,it often improves the attractiveness of the area. It is true that there are examples of new buildings which have spoilt( 破坏 ) the area they are in,but the same can be said of some old buildings too.Yet people still speak against new buildings in historic areas.I think this is simply because people are naturally conservative( 保守的 ) and do not like change. 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 Although we have to respect people’s feelings as fellow users of the buildings,I believe that it is the duty of the architect and planner to move things forward .If we always reproduced what was there before,we would all still be living in caves.Thus,I would argue against copying previous architectural styles and choose something fresh and different,even though that might be the more risky choice.  【语篇解读】 本文为议论文。文章议论的是在历史名城的古建筑区域里能否建设现代化的建筑。首段提出论点 , 然后给出论据 , 指出现代建筑的好处与坏处 , 最后得出结论 , 反对模仿古建筑 , 建议尝试新的不同风格。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 1 .What does the author say about historical buildings in the first paragraph? A.Some of them are not attractive. B.Most of them are too expensive to preserve. C.They are more pleasing than modern buildings. D.They have nothing to do with the historic feel of an area. 【答案】 A 【解析】 细节理解题。根据第一段第三句 “Not all historical buildings are attractive.” 可知 , 作者认为并非所有的古建筑都引人入胜 , 故选 A 项。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 2 .Which of the following is true according to the author? A.We should reproduce the same old buildings. B.Buildings should not dominate their surroundings. C.Some old buildings have spoilt the area they are in. D.No one understands why people speak against new buildings. 【答案】 C 【解析】 细节理解题。根据第三段第一句可知 , 有些古建筑也同样破坏了它们所在的区域 , 故 C 项正确。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 3 . By “ move things forward ” in the last paragraph , the author probably means “ 　　　 ” .  A.destroy old buildings B.put things in a different place C.choose new architectural styles D.respect people’s feelings for historical buildings 【答案】 C 【解析】 词义猜测题。根据第四段可知 , 如果我们依然复制以前的建筑样式 , 那我们现在还住在洞穴里。因此 , 作者建议使用新的不同的样式来替代 , 即便会冒一定的风险。故选 C 项。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 4 .What is the main purpose of the passage? A.To explain why people dislike change. B.To warn that we could end up living in caves. C.To admit how new buildings have ruined their surroundings. D.To argue that modern buildings can be built in historic areas. 【答案】 D 【解析】 推理判断题。本文为议论文 , 作者就热门话题 —— 古建筑保护与新建筑的建设是否矛盾的问题发表了自己的看法。作者在第二段提出自己的观点 :In my view,new architectural styles can exist perfectly well alongside an older style. 后文对此进行了论证 , 故 D 项正确。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 Passage 17 (2014 辽宁 ,C) Would it surprise you to learn that,like animals,trees communicate with each other and pass on their wealth to the next generation? UBC Professor Simard explains how trees are much more complex than most of us ever imagined.Although Charles Darwin thought that trees are competing for survival of the fittest,Simard shows just how wrong he was.In fact, the opposite is true :trees survive through their co-operation and support,passing around necessary nutrition “depending on who needs it”.  Nitrogen ( 氮 ) and carbon are shared through miles of underground fungi ( 真菌 ) networks,making sure that all trees in the forest ecological system give and receive just the right amount to keep them all healthy.This hidden system works in a very similar way to the networks of neurons ( 神经元 )in our brains,and when one tree is destroyed,it affects all. 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 Simard talks about “mother trees”,usually the largest and oldest plants on which all other trees depend.She explains how dying trees pass on the wealth to the next generation,transporting important minerals to young trees so they may continue to grow.When humans cut down “mother trees” with no awareness of these highly complex “tree societies” or the networks on which they feed,we are reducing the chances of survival for the entire forest. “We didn’t take any notice of it ,” Simard says sadly.“Dying trees move nutrition into the young trees before dying,but we never give them chance.” If we could put across the message to the forestry industry,we could make a huge difference towards our environmental protection efforts for the future. 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 【语篇解读】 本文为说明文。一位植物学教授认为 : 在 “ 树木社会 ” 中 , 它们彼此依赖、相互合作 , 一棵树遭到毁坏 , 其他树木就会受到影响。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 1 .The underlined sentence “the opposite is true” in Paragraph 2 probably means that trees 　　　 .  A.compete for survival B.protect their own wealth C.depend on each other D.provide support for dying trees 【答案】 C 【解析】 句意理解题。根据画线句子后的内容 “trees survive through their co-operation and support,passing around necessary nutrition ‘ depending on who needs it ’ .” 可知 ,Simard 不同意达尔文 “ 适者生存 ” 的观点 ,Simard 的观点和达尔文 “ 适者生存 ” 的观点相反 : 树通过它们之间的合作和支持 , 传递相互需要的营养来生存 , 故选 C 项。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 2 .“Mother trees” are extremely important because they 　　　 .  A.look the largest in size in the forest B.pass on nutrition to young trees C.seem more likely to be cut down by humans D.know more about the complex “tree societies” 【答案】 B 【解析】 细节理解题。根据第四段第一、二句可知。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 3 . The underlined word “ it ” in the last paragraph refers to 　　　 .  A.how “tree societies” work B.how trees grow old C.how forestry industry develops D.how young trees survive 【答案】 A 【解析】 词义猜测题。根据第四段最后一句 “When humans cut down ‘ mother trees ’ with no awareness of these highly complex ‘ tree societies ’ or the networks on which they feed,we are reducing the chances of survival for the entire forest.” 可知 , 这里 it 指第四段中 mother tree 运输营养给年轻的树 , 以使年轻的树能够继续生长的树生态社会工作原理。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 4 .What would be the best title for the passage? A.Old Trees Communicate Like Humans B.Young Trees Are In Need Of Protection C.Trees Are More Awesome Than You Think D.Trees Contribute To Our Society 【答案】 C 【解析】 主旨大意题。本文属于科普知识介绍 , 但作者用寓言故事般的叙述方式告诉我们树木是神奇的 , 它们有自己的社会 , 有自己的生存法则 , 比我们想象的更令人敬畏。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 ( 一 )(2016 全国 Ⅰ 阅读 C 节选 ) I am Peter Hodes,a volunteer stem cell courier .Since March 2012,I’ve done 89 trips—of those,51 have been abroad.I have 42 hours to carry stem cells ( 干细胞 ) in my little box because I’ve got two ice packs and that’s how long they last.In all,from the time the stem cells are harvested from a donor ( 捐献者 ) to the time they can be implanted in the patient,we’ve got 72 hours at most.So I am always conscious of time. 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 I had one trip last year where I was caught by a hurricane in America.I picked up the stem cells in Providence,Rhode Island,and was meant to fly to Washington then back to London.But when I arrived at the check-in desk at Providence,the lady on the desk said:“Well,I’m really sorry,I’ve got some bad news for you—there are no flights from Washington.”So I took my box and put it on the desk and I said:“In this box are some stem cells that are urgently needed for a patient-please,please,you’ve got to get me back to the United Kingdom.”She just dropped everything.She arranged for a flight on a small plane to be held for me,re-routed ( 改道 ) me through Newark and got me back to the UK even earlier than originally scheduled. For this courier job,you’re consciously aware that in that box you’ve got something that is potentially going to save somebody’s life. 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 29 .Which of the following can replace the underlined word “courier” in Paragraph 1? A.provider 　 B.delivery man C.collector D.medical doctor 【答案】 B 　本题是词义猜测题 , 可由画线词下文语境做出合理推测。由第二句 “Since March 2012,I’ve done 89 trips of those,51 have been abroad,I have 42 hours to carry stem cells( 干细胞 )” 以及 “...from the time the stem cells are harvested from a donor( 捐献者 )to the time they can be implanted in the patient,we’ve got 72 hours...” 可知 , 作者的工作是 “ 运送 (carry)” 干细胞 , 故选 B 项 ( 传递员或送货员 ) 。其他三个选项均为曲解文意。根据画线词后的 “I’ve done 89 trips” “carry stem cells” 和 “are harvested from a donor” 等关键信息可知 ,A 项与原文表述相悖。 C 项意为 “ 搜集员 ”,D 项意为 “ 医学博士 ”, 均与原文表述相悖。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 ( 二 )(2016 全国 Ⅲ 阅读 C 节选 ) If you are a fruit grower—or would like to become one—take advantage of Apple Day to see what’s around.It’s called Apple Day but in practice it’s more like Apple Month.The day itself is on October 21,but since it has caught on,events now spread out over most of October around Britain. Visiting an apple event is a good chance to see,and often taste,a wide variety of apples.To people who are used to the limited choice of apples such as Golden Delicious and Royal Gala in supermarkets,it can be quite an eye opener to see the range of classical apples still in existence,such as Decio which was grown by the Romans.Although it doesn’t taste of anything special,it’s still worth a try,as is the knobbly( 多疙瘩的 ) Cat’s Head which is more of a curiosity than anything else. 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 There are also varieties developed to suit specific local conditions.One of the very best varieties for eating quality is Orleans Reinette,but you’ll need a warm,sheltered place with perfect soil to grow it,so it’s a pipe dream for most apple lovers who fall for it.  试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 30 .What does the underlined phrase “a pipe dream” in Paragraph 3 mean? A.A practical idea. B.A vain hope. C.A brilliant plan. D.A selfish desire. 【答案】 B 　本题是词义猜测题 , 由画线词组所在句 “but you’ll need a warm,sheltered place with perfect soil to grow it,so it’s a pipe dream for most apple lovers who fall for it” 中的连接词 so 可知它需要在温暖的气候 , 肥沃的土壤下才可以种植 , 上下文之间存在着因果关系 , 故需要从上文中寻找答案。由上文中的 “One of the very best varieties for eating quality is Orleans Reinette,but you’ll need a warm,sheltered place with perfect soil to grow it...” 可知 , 尽管 Orleans Reinette 是很好的品种 , 但是对各项条件的要求很高 , 因此大多数喜欢它的人种植它的希望会落空。故选择 B 项。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 词义猜测是根据上下文猜测某个词汇的含义 , 是考生必须掌握的一项重要阅读技能。词义猜测题是高考阅读理解的必考题型 , 主要考查考生在短时间内根据上下文快速猜测所指定的某一个生词、词组或者句子含义的能力 , 而这些词和词组往往都超出考纲 , 但在文章阅读中起到一定的作用。因此 , 对于生词的理解是否准确 , 直接影响着阅读理解题得分的高低。这类题型包括猜测词语意义和判断指代内容。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 一、词义猜测题试题特点和设问方式 猜测词语意义包括根据语境猜测词汇、短语、句子的意思 , 或者推断熟词生义。 猜测词语意义题干中常含有 mean,refer to,be the closest in meaning to,could best be replaced by 或 can take the place of 。如 : 1 .The underlined word “...” in the second paragraph probably means “ 　　　 ”.  2 .Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined word in the second paragraph? 3 .The underlined word “...” in Paragraph 4 probably refers to 　　　 .  4 .The phrase “...”(Paragraph 2)can best be replaced by 　　　 .  5 .The underlined sentence in the last paragraph probably means that 　　　 .  试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 判断指代内容要求考生根据上下文语境判断代词 (this,that,it,they,them,one 等 ) 或 (do,does,did,do that 等 ) 究竟指代什么。如 : 1 .What does the word “This” in Paragraph 2 refer to? 2 .What does the underlined word “they” in Paragraph 6 refer to? 3 .The underlined word “it” in the second paragraph refers to “ 　　　 ”.  4 .“That sale” in Paragraph 4 refers to 　　　 .  试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 二、词义猜测题的解题策略 1 . 利用定义、解释、同位或例证等关系考查词义理解 作者通过给某些词汇下定义来帮助读者理解词义 , 尤其在一些科普类、社科类及与专业内容相关的文章中 , 定义解释作者所用词的准确含义。下定义时 , 作者通常使用信号词 , 如 i.e.,is,are,is/are called,mean,refer to,known as 等等。 作者为了更清楚地说明某一难词或术语的含义 , 通常会使用常用简明的词或词组对其进行解释。这部分还常常通过逗号与句子的其他部分隔开 ( 有时也使用破折号、冒号、分号或括号 ) 或用信号词引导。常见的信号词有 :or,namely,that is,in other words,that is to say,to be more exact,to put in another way 等。 采用事实说理 ( 即例证 ) 以加强观点的说服力或使观点更加明朗清楚是文章写作的常用手法。借助例证获取更多信息 , 即可实现猜词的目的。常用的例证信号词有 :like/for example/for instance/such as;include/consist of 等。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 2 . 利用同义、反义、对比或转折等关系考查词义理解 在同一段或同一篇文章中 , 作者为了避免语言的单调、重复 , 有时会使用意思相同或相近的词。要求考生读懂上下文 , 知道其中一个词的意思 , 猜出另外一个词的意思。 有时作者会用表示对比或转折的词连接意思相反的两个词或句子 , 要求考生可根据反义词线索猜测词义。表示对比或反义的信号词 / 词组常见的有 :(whether)...or,unlike,but,yet,however,while,although,nevertheless,instead,rather than,in/by contrast,on the contrary,on the other hand 等。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 3 . 利用因果关系、上下文逻辑等考查词义理解 逻辑推理猜测词义要求考生具备整合分散、复杂信息的能力 , 充分利用上下文中相关的词汇并结合具体的语境 , 从形式和内容上把握语言之间的内在联系 , 理顺语言之间的逻辑关系 , 进而达到猜词的目的。 有时考查需要推测意思的是熟词 , 考查学生通过上下文得出其在特定场合下的特殊意思的能力 , 而那些常规含义的选项一般不是要选择的正确答案。 ( 字面意义往往不是要选的答案 , 考查其隐含意义。 ) 4 . 利用常识或背景知识考查词义理解 有时考查学生运用自己的常识或背景知识 , 结合上下文猜测词义的能力。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 高招 1 利用语境逻辑和上下文猜测词义 典例 1 (2015 全国 Ⅰ 阅读 C 节选 ) The exhibition shows how Dali draws the viewer between two infinities( 无限 ).“From the infinity small to the infinity large,contraction and expansion coming in and out of focus:amazing Flemish accuracy and the showy Baroque of old painting that he used in his museum-theatre in Figueras,” explains the Pompidou Centre. The fine selection of the major works was done in close collaboration( 合作 )with the Museo Nacional Reina Sofia in Madrid,Spain,and with contributions from other institutions like the Salvador Dali Museum in St.Petersburg,Florida. 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 31 . What does the word “ contributions ” in the last paragraph refer to ? A.Artworks. 　　　　 B.Projects. C.Donations. D.Documents. 【剖析】 A 　 本题为词义猜测题。介词 with 后的名词 contributions 应指代前面的哪个词 ? 结合该名词后作定语的介词短语 from...( 来自 …… 的 ), 显然指代前面的 works, 故选 A 项。本句意义是 : 对主要作品的精选是与西班牙王后国家艺术中心博物馆的密切合作完成的 , 也还有来自像佛罗里达州圣彼得堡的萨尔瓦多 · 达利博物馆等其他机构贡献的艺术作品。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 【方法综述】 利用语境逻辑和上下文猜测词义题型所涉及的词汇一般是生词、生僻词汇或者旧词新义等 , 解题时要依据语境、逻辑关系或构成法知识等正确辨别词义。 阅读时不注重对文章语境的领悟和理解、缺乏句子结构间逻辑关系的分析或者忽视构词规律对我们理解词义所给予的暗示和启发 , 从而造成解题的错误。该题选项中虽然有个别词汇和文章里的词汇相同 , 但是却和文章中的实际语境不符。 上下文语境题目的解题技巧 : ① 在阅读文段中找理解线索或信息词。 ② 根据熟悉的词及词义判断词语的意义。 ③ 根据上下文判断词语在特定句中的确切意义。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 高招 2 根据指代关系判断词语指代 典例 2 (2016 全国 Ⅲ 阅读 B 节选 ) Taxis on a rainy New York night are rarer than sunshine.By the time the group got up to leave,it was pouring outside.Welty’s new friends immediately sent a waiter to find a cab.Heading back downtown toward her hotel,her big-city friends were amazed at the turn of events that had changed their Big Apple dinner into a Mississippi. “My friend said:‘Now we believe your stories,’” Welty added.“And I said:‘Now you know.These are the people that make me write them .’” Sitting on a sofa in her room,Welty,a slim figure in a simple gray dress,looked pleased with this explanation. “I don’t make them up,” she said of the characters in her fiction these last 50 or so years.“I don’t have to.” 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 26 .The underlined word “them” in Paragraph 6 refers to Welty’s 　　　 .  A.readers B.parties C.friends D.stories 【剖析】 D 　 本题为代词指代题。这篇文章讲述美国女作家 Welty 的故事 , 她让朋友相信她的故事中的人物都源于真实的生活。文中 them 指代前文 Now we believe your stories“ 现在我们相信你写的故事是真实的了 ” 中的 stories, 故选 D 项。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 【方法综述】 根据上文指代关系进行猜测 文章中的代词 it,that,he,him,them 等可以指上文提到的人或物 , 其中 it 和 that 还可以指代事物。有时代词指代的对象相隔较远 , 要认真查找 ; 有时需要对前面提到的内容进行总结 , 才能分清代词指代的对象。代词指代题常常是在人物或事物关系比较复杂的情况下设置的一种题型 , 考查考生对复杂关系的分辨能力 , 要求考生对代词所在的句子以及紧邻的几个句子结构和意思都有准确的理解。 做此类题时可以采用如下方法 : ① 理清人物及事物间的逻辑关系是解答代词指代题的关键所在。考生可利用上下文 , 理清主要人物关系 , 使人物或事物的关系明朗化。 ② 代词永远出现在原词之后 , 根据这条原则考生可以快速排除选项中出现在代词之后的词汇 , 锁定答案 , 最后带入原句中进行验证。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 第 1 组 A The Cuban iguana is a species of lizard( 蜥蜴 )of the iguana family.It is the largest of the West Indian rock iguanas,one of the most endangered groups of lizards.This species with red eyes and a thick tail is one of the largest lizards in the Caribbean. 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 The Cuban iguana is primarily herbivorous ;95% of its diet consists of the leaves,flowers and fruits from as many as 30 plant species,including the seaside rock bush and various grasses.However,Cuban iguanas occasionally consume animal matter,and individuals have been observed eating the dead flesh of birds,fish and crabs.The researchers wrote that quite a few people on Isla Magueyes could have caused this incident. The Cuban iguana is distributed throughout the rocky southern coastal areas of mainland Cuba and its surrounding islands with a wild population booming on Isla Magueyes,Puerto Rico.It is also found on the Cayman Islands of Little Cayman and Cayman Brac,where a separate subspecies occurs.Females guard their nest sites and often nest in sites half destroyed by Cuban crocodiles.To avoid the attack from them,the Cuban iguana often makes its home within or near prickly-pear cacti( 仙人掌 ). 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 In general the species is in decline,more quickly on the mainland than on the outlying islands.One of the reasons for their decline is habitat destruction caused by the over consuming of farm animals,housing development,and the building of tourist resorts on the beaches where the animals prefer to build their nests.Although the wild population is in decline,the numbers of iguanas have been sharply increased as a result of captive-breeding( 圈养 )and other conservation programs. 【语篇解读】 本文为说明文。文章主要介绍了古巴的一种蜥蜴 , 这种蜥蜴的生活习性以及栖息地。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 1 . The underlined word “ herbivorous ” in Paragraph 2 probably means 　　　 .  A.dangerous 　　　　　　　 B.gentle C.plant-eating D.flesh-eating 【答案】 C 【解析】 词义猜测题。根据 “95% of its diet consists of the leaves,flowers and fruits from as many as 30 plant species,including the seaside rock bush and various grasses.” 可猜出 herbivorous 意思是 “ 吃植物 ” , 故选 C 项。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 2 .Why does the Cuban iguana build its nest near prickly-pear cacti? A.To keep itself cool. B.To get the food easily. C.To stay away from people. D.To avoid crocodiles’ attack. 【答案】 D 【解析】 细节理解题。根据 “Females guard their nest sites and often nest in sites half destroyed by Cuban crocodiles.To avoid the attack from them,the Cuban iguana often makes its home within or near prickly-pear cacti( 仙人掌 ).” 可知 , 它 把巢穴建在靠近仙人掌的地方是为了躲避古巴鳄鱼的袭击 , 故选 D 项。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 3 .How many reasons are mentioned for the habitat destruction? A.Two. 　　 B.Three. C.Four. 　　 D.Five. 【答案】 B 【解析】 细节理解题。根据最后一个自然段可知 栖息地被破坏 , 文中提到了三个原因 , 故选 B 项。 4 .What’s the author’s purpose of writing the text? A.To give us a brief introduction to the Cuban iguana. B.To show he is concerned about the Cuban iguana. C.To explain reasons for the Cuban iguana’s decline. D.To draw people’s attention to the endangered Cuban iguana. 【答案】 A 【解析】 主旨大意题。根据文章的首段 “The Cuban iguana is a species of lizard( 蜥蜴 ) of the iguana family.” 和每段的首句可知 这篇文章主要介绍了古巴的一种蜥蜴及它的生活习性和栖息地 。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 B (2017 广东茂名一模 ) According to scientists,a study of more than 50 plants and animals suggests their ability to adapt to changes in rainfall and temperature will be vastly outpaced( 被 …… 超过 ) by future climate change. Amphibians,reptiles and plants are harmed more easily in particular,according to US researchers.And tropical( 热带的 )species are at higher risk than those in temperate zones.Some animals might be able to move geographically to deal with rising temperatures,but others live in remote areas where they cannot move,such as in nature reserves or on mountains or islands. 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 Ecologists analyzed how quickly species had changed their climatic niches(the conditions where they can survive)over time,and how these rates compared with that of global warming.They analyzed populations of plants and animals,including insects,amphibians,birds,mammals and reptiles.Rates of change in climatic niches were much slower than rates of projected climate change,by more than 200,000 fold for temperature on average,they said. “Overall,our results show that rates of climatic niche change among populations of plants and animals are remarkably slower than projected rates of future climate change,” said Tereza Jezkova and John Wiens of the University of Arizona. 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 Mammals might be better placed to survive than amphibians and reptiles,because they had the ability to regulate their own body temperatures,said Dr.Wiens.Besides,while some species might be able to move to higher latitudes( 纬度 )to survive,“for a lot of organisms,that is not an option.” “It’s a double danger of climate change and habitat destruction,” he added. 【语篇解读】 本文为说明文 , 文章讨论了很多物种由于无法适应温度上升的气候变化而受害。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 5 .What species are likely to suffer most? A.Mammals in temperate regions. B.Reptiles in temperate regions. C.Mammals in tropics. D.Amphibians in tropics. 【答案】 D 【解析】 推理判断题。根据第二段 “tropical( 热带的 )species are at higher risk than those in temperate zones” 可推知 , 热带物种比温带物种面临更大的危险 ; 再根据第五段 “Mammals might be better placed to survive than amphibians and reptiles” 可推知 , 哺乳动物比两栖及爬行动物能更好地幸存下来 ; 结合这两方面可推断出 , 热带地区的两栖及爬行动物受害最严重 , 故选 D 项。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 6 . What does the underlined word “ they ” in Paragraph 5 refer to ? A.Amphibians. B.Mammals. C.Reptiles. D.Plants. 【答案】 B 【解析】 词义猜测题。根据第五段第一句 “Mammals might be better placed to survive than amphibians and reptiles,because they had the ability to regulate their own body temperatures( 哺乳动物比两栖及爬行动物能更好地幸存下来 , 因为它们能够调节自己的体温 )” 可知 , 句中的 they 是指 B 项的 mammals 。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 7 .What’s the main idea of the passage? A.Human beings should find some ways to fight against climate change. B.Many species will be unable to adapt fast enough to survive climate change. C.Climate change will cause great damage. D.Climate change is increasingly terrible. 【答案】 B 【解析】 主旨大意题。文章 第一段 由 “their ability to adapt to changes in rainfall and temperature will be vastly outpaced( 被 …… 超过 )by future climate change” 引入讨论 , 接下来四个段落讨论很多物种由于无法适应温度上升的气候变化而受害 , 故选 B 项。 A 项不符合文章主旨 , 故排除 ;C 项没有点出文章主要讨论的对 “species( 物种 )” 的影响 , 不够全面 , 故排除 ;D 项 “Climate change is increasingly terrible” 意为 “ 气候变化越来越糟糕了 ”, 偏离文章讨论的中心 , 故排除。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 C (2017 湖北八校联考 ) As a star computer scientist,Cristina Fonseca had lots of job offers,but she turned them all down.She decided to start her own business Talkdesk.She lives in Portugal but does business all over the globe by using software. The global economy works well for such people. 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 But the world of work has been less kind to other young folks.Florence Moreau,a young architect in Paris,had the double misfortune to leave university in 2009,when the world economy was on its knees;and to be French.“I really need a full-time,permanent job,” she says.Under France’s 3,800-page labour code,workers on permanent contracts receive generous benefits and are extremely hard to get rid of.So French firms have all but stopped hiring permanent staff:Four-fifths of new employees are on short-term contracts.Ms.Moreau has had eight jobs,none lasting for longer than 16 months.With a small child at home,she has to keep looking for the next one.“It’s tiring,” she sighs. 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 Joblessness matters.The longer people are out of work,the more their skills and their self-confidence atrophy ,the less appealing they look to potential employers and the more likely they are to give up. Trade unions often favour a minimum wage.This can help those who already have jobs,but if it is set too high it can crowd out those with the fewest skills and the least experience,who tend to be young. A labour system where companies can hire and fire easily is urgently needed. Making it easier for young people to start their own business is essential,too.They may be full of energy and open to new ideas. 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 Also,there is a huge mismatch everywhere between the skills that many young people can offer and the ones that employers need.Ms Fonseca says she cannot find the right talent for Talkdesk.As economies grow more complex,demand for practical skills will keep rising.The world’s schools are not even close to meeting it. 【语篇解读】 本文是一篇议论文 , 主要论述了目前严峻的就业形势及其原因。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 8 .What can we learn about Cristina Fonseca? A.She does business only in Portugal. B.When seeking a job,she was refused many times by employers. C.Her company is not related to information technology. D.She can’t find the talents she wants. 【答案】 D 【解析】 细节理解题。根据最后一段 “Ms Fonseca says she cannot find the right talent for Talkdesk.” 可知 ,Fonseca 女士 没能找到她想要的人才 。故选 D 项。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 9 . What does the underlined word “ atrophy ” in Paragraph 4 mean ? A.Increase. B.Shrink. C.Overcome. D.Survive. 【答案】 B 【解析】 词义猜测题。根据语境可知 , 人们失业时间越长 , 他们的技能和自信就会越萎缩 , 对潜在的雇主就越没有吸引力 , 更有可能放弃。 由此可推知 , 画线词 atrophy 应与 shrink 意思相近 , 意为 “ 萎缩 ” 。故选 B 项。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 10 .Why can’t Moreau find a permanent job? A.Employers don’t want to give workers good welfare. B.She didn’t finish university studies. C.The world economy is booming. D.The French government hasn’t taken any measures for unemployment. 【答案】 A 【解析】 推理判断题。根据第三段中的 “Under France’s 3,800 page labour code...are on short-term contracts.” 可推知 ,Moreau 找不到永久工作的原因是雇主不想给工人好的福利 。故选 A 项。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 11 .Which measure is actually useless for unemployment? A.Making labour rules more flexible. B.Training students to gain skills. C.Raising the minimum wage. D.Encouraging young people to start companies. 【答案】 C 【解析】 推理判断题。该题提问的是哪种措施对失业无用。根据文章最后四段可推知 , 提高最低工资对解决失业问题是无用的 。故选 C 项。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 D (2017 江西六校一模 ) Tudor Cobalas nearly crashed his car while driving and texting on his phone.It was this near-death experience that ginspired him to turn the smartphone from a weapon of mass distraction into a tool for safer driving. Mr.Cobalas developed Safe Drive,an app that rewards drivers for ignoring their phones while driving.Once a driver drives too fast,the app launches a “Release” button on the screen,effectively locking the phone.Driving without checking the phone generates scores that can be turned into shopping discounts in the Safe Drive Marketplace. It’s a simple idea that has attracted nearly 100,000 users globally and 30 commercial partners.Worldwide,about 1.25 million people die each year as a result of road traffic accidents,according to the World Health Organization.“Smartphone distraction” is to blame for( 因 …… 被责备 ) an increasing number of accidents.Drivers using a mobile phone are four times more likely to be involved in a crash.Many parents also want to educate their children,young drivers.That is why a growing number of technology businessmen are trying to handle the problem. “Although smartphones are rightly to blame for an increase in distracted driving,we wanted to show that smartphones could be used to make drivers better,” says Hari Balakrishnan,chief technology officer of Cambridge Mobile Telematics,a US company that has developed an app called Drive Well. 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 The app measures all aspects of driving such as hard braking,abrupt acceleration,sharp cornering and speeding.But it also monitors how often drivers are distracted by their phones and generates a “safety score” at the end of each trip.The free app features competition leader boards that enable drivers to compete with their friends,family and colleagues,as well as personalized safer driving tips.Good safety scores can earn drivers discounts on car insurance,Mr.Balakrishnan says. Last year the company started a competition to find Boston’s safest driver.Nearly 5,000 people have signed up,and 98 have been awarded more than $3,400 in prizes.Data from 40,000 Drive Well app users around the world present its effectiveness,says Mr.Madden. 【语篇解读】 本文为说明文 , 文章主要通过介绍和驾驶相关的应用程序 , 说明智能手机也能让驾驶员更加安全地驾驶。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 12 .What caused Tudor Cobalas to develop the app Safe Drive? A.Multi-functions of this app. B.His desire to make a fortune. C.Many parents’ worries about teenagers’ driving safety. D.His own experience about being distracted by his smartphone. 【答案】 D 【解析】 细节理解题。第一段第二句 “It was this near-death experience that inspired him to turn the smartphone from a weapon of mass distraction into a tool for safer driving.” 是强调句 , 强调了 Tudor Cobalas 开发 Safe Drive 这个应用程序的原因 , 故 D 项正确。   试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 13 .What do Safe Drive and Drive Well have in common? A.They keep a specific record of hard braking. B.They fail to help decrease the number of traffic accidents. C.Their users get some scores in the driving process. D.Their users get money as a reward directly. 【答案】 C 【解析】 推理判断题。题干问的是 Safe Drive 和 Drive Well 应用程序的共同点 , 根据第二段 “Driving without checking the phone generates scores” 和第五段 “generates a safety score” 可知 C 项正确。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 14 . Which of the following is closest to the meaning of the underlined word “ distracted ” in Paragraph 4 ? A.Lacking concentration. B.Lacking confidence. C.Speedy. D.Dangerous. 【答案】 A 【解析】 词义猜测题。根据第三段中的 “ ‘ Smartphone distraction ’ is to blame for( 因 …… 被责备 )an increasing number of accidents.Drivers using a mobile phone are four times more likely to be involved in a crash.” 可知 ,“distraction” 指的是 司机在开车时因为使用手机受到干扰 。题干里考查 “smartphones are rightly to blame for an increase in distracted driving” 中的 distracted, 可由 distraction 的意义推出 A 项 “Lacking concentration( 注意力不集中 )” 正确。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 15 .What is the purpose of the passage? A.To present the harmful effects of smartphones in the driving process. B.To introduce some useful apps that can guarantee our safety. C.To compare different types of apps concerning driving safety. D.To show us smartphones can make drivers safer in a way. 【答案】 D 【解析】 主旨大意题。由全文内容可知 , 文章主要通过介绍和驾驶相关的应用程序显示出 智能手机也能让驾驶员更加安全地驾驶 , 并在第一段的 “a tool for safer driving” 和第四段的 “show that smartphones could be used to make drivers better” 有所体现 , 故选 D 项。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 第 2 组 A (2017 山西太原模拟 ) Every Wednesday,I go to Cantata Adult Life Services,a local retirement community in Brookfield,Illinois,US,with my classmates to do community service. Our visits last about an hour,and we bring 25—30 students every time.We play board games and cards with the elderly while we’re there. 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 You can watch all the movies and TV shows you want about “life back then”,but nothing compares to talking to the people who were actually there.Just hearing their stories has touched me in a way I never thought possible. Whether it was talking to 98-year-old “Hurricane Hilda” about her glory days as a roller skater or chatting with Lou about the times she danced with a famous actor,I was completely mesmerized by every single memory the elderly wanted to share with me.Even those who don’t have amazing memories make the experience fulfilling( 充实的 ).I remember visiting Mrs.Robinson.She couldn’t recall much about her past,but she told me she’d never forget how kind I was just to listen to her.It made me realize that it’s the little things that make life worth living. 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 If there’s one thing I’ve realized in my three years of visiting Cantata,it’s that presence—just being there—means more than anything to many of them.And despite how busy our lives are,there’s always time to make someone’s day. 【语篇解读】 本文为记叙文。故事讲述作者去敬老院做义工的经历 , 并从该经历中收获了很多。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 1 .Why does the author go to Cantata Adult Life Services regularly? A.To play board games. B.To visit the elderly. C.To watch movies. D.To share stories. 【答案】 B 【解析】 细节理解题。根据第一段 “Every Wednesday,I go to Cantata Adult Life Services,a local retirement community in Brookfield,Illinois,US,with my classmates to do community service.” 可知 , 作者去敬老院的目的是慰问老人 , 故选 B 项。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 2 . The underlined word “ mesmerized ” in Paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to “ 　　　 ” .  A.confused B.annoyed C.encouraged D.attracted 【答案】 D 【解析】 词义猜测题。由第四段中的 “I was completely mesmerized by every single memory the elderly wanted to share with me.Even those who don’t have amazing memories make the experience fulfilling( 充实的 ).” 可知 , 作者被老人的经历所吸引 , 故选 D 项。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 3 .What may be the most important to the elderly according to the author? A.Staying with them. B.The special old days. C.Showing patience. D.Amazing experiences. 【答案】 A 【解析】 细节理解题。根据最后一段 “If there’s one thing I’ve realized in my three years of visiting Cantata,it’s that presence—just being there—means more than anything to many of them.” 可知 对于这些老年人来说 , 陪伴是最重要的 , 故答案为 A 项。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 B (2017 河北衡水中学模拟 ) Parents will do anything for their children.Whether it would be the food,clothes,or the place they live in,parents will always make sure their children have the best of everything.One of the biggest concerns that parents currently have is educating their children.They are faced with lots of difficulties when it comes to education for their young ones.Choices include private school,charter school,public school or home schooling. 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 Fortunately for parents,there are a variety of different strategies that they can take in order to increase their child’s overall intelligence.According to Ross A.Thompson,PhD,professor of psychology at the University of California at Davis,a child’s brain will actually reach 90% of its full size by the time they start kindergarten. Researchers at Northwestern University in Chicago concluded that playing a musical instrument directly affected the brain stem,the lower section of the brain.Moreover,children that learn an instrument at an early age tend to continue it when they are older.And numerous studies show that a well-balanced meal is essential for a child’s mental as well as physical health.Some other researchers recommended that a second language should be taught when children are in preschool.They state that three to four years of age is the perfect time and that any age under four would work perfectly fine for a child’s brain development. 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 The average child will learn how to read between kindergarten and second grade.Many parents can give their children a jump start by teaching them to read before they start school.Children could have an adequate background of the alphabet and sounds of words before attending school.This can be done by simply reading to them whenever you want.The more comfortable they get,the easier the process will be.  【语篇解读】 本文是说明文。文章说明父母在孩子教育过程中遇到了许多新的挑战。研究人员建议应该尽可能早地对孩子进行弹奏乐器、学习语言等方面的培训 , 尽早开发孩子的智力。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 4 .From the first paragraph,we can infer that 　　　 .  A.parents find it hard to satisfy their kids’ various demands B.parents meet a new challenge when raising their kids C.parents have more choices in offering education to their kids D.parents get actively involved in the process of their kids’ growth 【答案】 B 【解析】 推理判断题。由第一段开头和 “They are faced with lots of difficulties when it comes to education for their young ones.” 可知 , 父母养育孩子时 , 当谈到子女教育的时候 , 他们 面临诸多问题 , 依此可推断出答案是 B 项。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 5 .What suggestion may the researchers in the passage make? A.To train kids as early as possible. B.To try as many means as possible. C.To help kids develop as fully as possible. D.To use as many available resources as possible. 【答案】 A 【解析】 细节理解题。根据第二段中的 “a child’s brain will actually reach 90% of its full size by the time they start kindergarten.” 可知 , 在上幼儿园之前儿童大脑发育可达到 90% , 因此 , 父母应该尽早训练孩子 , 故选 A 项。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 6 .What does the third paragraph mainly discuss about? A.The proper time to teach children to learn languages. B.The effective ways to help develop children’s brains. C.The vital factors to have a great effect on children’s health. D.The practical steps to arouse children’s interest in study. 【答案】 B 【解析】 主旨大意题。根据第三段可知研究人员指出 , 儿童早期弹奏乐器、平衡膳食和学习语言可以开发儿童的智力 , 故选 B 项。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 7 . We can replace the words “ jump start ” in the last paragraph with 　　　 .  A.inspiration B.introduction C.suggestion D.promotion 【答案】 D 【解析】 词义猜测题。画线词前一句说 “ 通常情况下 , 儿童在上幼儿园和二年级这个阶段学会阅读 ”, 后面讲 父母可以在孩子上学前教孩子阅读 , 以此来 promotion(“ 促进 , 提升 ”) 孩子的阅读能力 , 故选 D 项。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 C (2017 福建福州模拟 ) Did you know that Albert Einstein could not speak until he was four years old,and could not read until he was seven?His parents and teachers worried about his mental ability. Beethoven’s music teacher said about him,“As a composer( 作曲家 )he is hopeless.” What if this young boy had believed it? When Thomas Edison was a young boy,his teachers said he was so stupid that he could never learn anything.He once said,“I remember I used to never be able to get along at school.I was always at the foot of my class...My father thought I was stupid,and I almost decided that I was a stupid person.” What if young Thomas had believed what had said about him? 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 When the sculptor( 雕刻家 )Auguste Rodin was young,he had difficulty learning to read and write.Today,we may say he had a learning disability.His father said of him,“I have an idiot( 白痴 )for a son.” His uncle agreed.“ He’s uneducable, ” he said.What if Rodin had doubted his ability?   Walt Disney was once fired by a newspaper editor because he was thought to have no “good ideas”.Enrico Caruso was told by one music teacher,“You can’t sing.You have no voice at all.” And an editor told Louisa May Alcott that she was unable to write anything that would have popular appeal. 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 What if these people had listened and become discouraged?Where would our world be without the music of Beethoven,the art of Rodin or the ideas of Albert Einstein and Walt Disney?As Oscar Levant once said,“It’s not what you are but what you don’t become that hurts.” You have great potential.When you believe in all you can be,rather than all you cannot become,you will find your place on earth. 【语篇解读】 本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章列举了爱因斯坦、贝多芬、爱迪生等七个名人成功的故事。他们都曾得到别人较低的评价 , 但最终成功实现了自己的梦想 ,“ 相信自己 ” 是他们成功的关键。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 8 .How many successful people are mentioned as examples in the passage? A.Six. B.Seven. C.Eight. D.Nine. 【答案】 B 【解析】 细节理解题。文章第一段列举了 爱因斯坦 的故事 , 第二段讲述了 贝多芬 的故事 , 第三段提到了 爱迪生 的故事 , 第四段讲述了 奥古斯特 · 罗丹 的故事 , 第五段提及了 沃尔特 · 迪士尼 、 恩里科 · 卡鲁索 、 路易莎 · 梅 · 阿尔科特 的故事 , 共列举了七个著名人物 , 故 B 项正确。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 9 .Which of the following statements is TRUE? A.When he was young,Thomas Edison always got good grades at school. B.Levant thought Louisa May Alcott couldn’t write any popular works. C.Only Auguste Rodin’s uncle regarded him a boy of learning ability. D.Both Enrico Caruso and Beethoven achieved their dreams in music. 【答案】 D 【解析】 细节理解题。根据第二段的第一句、第五段的第二句及第六段的第二句可推知 , 贝多芬和恩里科 · 卡鲁索 都实现了他们的音乐梦想 , 故 D 项正确。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 10 . What’s the meaning of the underlined sentence “ He’s uneducable ”?   A.He can’t be taught. B.He is very clever. C.He is different. D.He is a late success. 【答案】 A 【解析】 句意理解题。根据第四段他的父亲和他的叔叔对他的评价 “I have an idiot( 白痴 ) for a son.”“His uncle agreed.” 可知 , 他们 都认为他是白痴 ; 据此可以推断 , 该句意为 “ 他是教不会的 ”, 故 A 项正确。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 11 .What is the best title of the passage? A.Working Hard for Success B.Having Dreams C.Believing in Yourself D.Self-challenging 【答案】 C 【解析】 主旨大意题。通读全文可知 , 本文前五段列举了 七个名人 , 他们的 共同点是都曾得到别人较低的评价 , 后来却成功实现了自己的梦想 ; 本文的最后一句 “When you believe in all you can be,rather than all you cannot become,you will find your place on earth.” 为本文的主题句 , 据此可以判断 ,C 项 “ 相信自己 ” 最适合作本文标题。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 D (2017 湖北七校二模 ) Ecotourism : A Different Way to Travel Are you attracted to unknown places?Do you prefer to vacation away from other tourists?Are you careful to take only memories and to leave only footprints? If you answered yes to more than one of these questions,you just might be an ecotourist. Ecotourists are people who want to experience the unspoiled natural world—and leave it that way when they return home.This trend started in the 1990s,and ecotourism is now growing three times faster than the entire tourism industry.The Kapawi Ecolodge in Ecuador’s remote Amazon Basin is contributing to that expansion,and it gives a snapshot of what ecotourism looks like. 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 At the Ecolodge,a small group of cabins sits in the middle of the Achuar people’s reserve and is only accessible by air.From here,visitors can explore parts of the Amazon rainforest seen by few outsiders.As they do,local Achuar guides explain how the forest is like their supermarket,where they find food,clothing,medicine and tools.As a result,tourists learn to appreciate the local culture as well as the natural environment. The owners of Kapawi pay monthly rent to the Achuar people,but they also train the community to run and manage the lodge.They have agreed on a plan to turn the operation over to the Achuar completely by 2011.The owners are working to make ecotourism benefit and empower the local people. 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 You probably won’t start your own ecolodge,but you can be an ecotourist if you follow these guidelines:Protect the environment;Support local businesses;Respect the local customs and traditions. The world is full of fascinating places to visit.As an ecotourist,you can enjoy them yourself and make sure that they remain beautiful for future generations as well. 【语篇解读】 本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要介绍了一种新理念的旅游方式 —— 生态旅游。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 12 .According to the passage,the ecotourists should be 　　　 .  A.those who like to experience the easily-remembered natural environment B.those who like to go to their traveling places by hiking C.those who prefer an undamaged natural world and remain what it used to be D.those who prefer unique natural environment of cultural relics 【答案】 C 【解析】 细节理解题。根据第一段中的 “Are you careful to take only memories and to leave only footprints?” 以及第二段中的 “...leave it that way when they return home” 可知 , 生态旅游者喜欢未遭破坏的自然环境并保持它原本的样子 。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 13 .At the Kapawi Ecolodge,visitors can’t 　　　 .  A.explore the Amazon rainforest B.reach there by air C.live in the Achuar reserve D.see many travelers from outside 【答案】 D 【解析】 细节理解题。根据第三段中的 “At the Ecolodge,a small group of cabins sits in the middle of the Achuar people’s reserve and is only accessible by air.” 可知 , 在 Kapawi Ecolodge, 参观者不可能看到很多来自外面的旅游者 。   试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 14 . Which of the words is closest in meaning to the word “ snapshot ” in the second paragraph ? A.Idea. B.Aim. C.Adventure. D.Opportunity. 【答案】 A 【解析】 词义猜测题。第二段第一句介绍了生态旅游的观念 : 去经历原生态的自然景色 , 当游客回家的时候 , 让环境保持原样。 生态旅游就是向旅行者传递这样一种思想 。故 idea 与 snapshot 的意思最相近。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 15 .We can learn from the passage that 　　　 .  A.the Kapawi Ecolodge will continue to run and manage the lodge after 2011 B.the Kapawi Ecolodge owners are the Achuar in favor of ecotourism C.the Achuar people have benefited a lot by collecting money from ecotourists D.the owners of Kapawi encourage tourists to appreciate the Achuar culture 【答案】 D 【解析】 细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句及第四段的内容可推断出 , Kapawi 的拥有者鼓励游客学会欣赏 Achuar 文化 。故 D 项正确。 A 、 B 、 C 三项均与原文不符。