2019届二轮复习语法专题定语从句典题技法点拨课件（44张） 44页

2019届二轮复习语法专题 定语从句典题技法点拨 阅读下面短文, 根据本部分语法内容, 在空白处填入1个 适当的单词。 　　There was a time 1. _____ I was tired of learning English and disliked speaking English. And this was the reason 2. ____ my father forced me to join in a 30- day training in an English club before I went to senior when why high school. When I first came to the club, 3. ______ I met many strangers, I missed my parents very much. So I packed up my things and wanted to go home. Fortunately, my guide, 4. ______ teacher was Yu Minhong, communicated with meface to face, from 5. ______ I gained some useful instructions. He also showed me a good partner, and we got along well with where whose which each other. Gradually I adapted to the life there. Every day I would like to talk to other teenagers and set down a series of activities 6. __________ we did. I should be grateful to my father and the guide, 7. ____ encouraged me to fall in love with English. Now I feel it interesting to learn English, into 8. ______ I put my entire energy. Every day I read my words and passages aloud. In that/which who which class I join in English discussions. Before I go to sleep, I recall the passages, through 9. ______ I can memorize a large number of new words. 10. ___ our English teacher says, “As long as you form the habit of learning English every day and have perseverance, you will conquer English sooner or later. ” which As 考点1 5组易混词的用法辨析 1. 只用that不用which的情况 (1)先行词是all, much, little, something, everything, anything, nothing, none等不定代词时。 All that you need to do is focus on one thing. (2)先行词被the only, any, few, no, very等修饰时。 Australia is the only country that is also a continent. (3)先行词是形容词的最高级或序数词或被形容词最高 级、序数词修饰时。 This is the most interesting film that I’ve ever seen. (4)先行词为人、物并用时。 Do you know the things and persons that they are talking about? (5)主句的主语是疑问词who或which时。 Which is the bike that you lost? (6)先行词在主句中作表语, 而关系代词也在从句中作表 语时。 Shandong is no longer the province that it used to be. 2. 只用which不用that的情况 (1)关系代词前有介词时。 Is this the house in which Shakespeare was born? (2)引导非限制性定语从句时。 Before people retire, they usually plan to do a lot of great things, which they never had time to do while working. (3)先行词为that/those时。 What’s that which was put in the car? (4)which用作定语时。 He may be late, in which case we ought to wait for him. 3. the same. . . as与the same. . . that the same. . . as表示相似或同类的东西; the same. . . that 表示同一人或物。 This is the same book as he lent me last week. 这与他上星期借给我的那本书属于同一类。 This is the same book that he lent me last week. 这是他上星期借给我的那本书。 4. such/so. . . as与such/so. . . that such/so. . . as(定语从句)像……那样; such/so. . . that(结 果状语从句)如此……以至于。 We have found such materials as are used in their factory. This is such an easy question that I can answer it. 5. as与which (1)as引导的非限制性定语从句既可以放在主句前, 也可 以放在主句后, 有时还可插入主句。which引导的非限 制性定语从句通常放在主句之后。 (2)as意为“正如……”, 后面的谓语动词多用see, know, expect, say, mention, report等; which意为“这一点” 或“这件事”等。 Need for Speed is a very successful film, as is known to all. The sports meeting was put off, which astonished us. 考点2 关系代词who, whom, whose 1. who和whom的用法 (1)先行词为指代人的one, ones, anyone, those或表示人 的名词时。 The person I want to talk about with you is Tu Youyou, the one who won the Nobel Prize for medicine in 2015. (2)在There be结构中, 修饰主语的定语从句宜用关系代 词who指代人。 There’s a gentleman who wants to see you. (3)一个句子中带有两个修饰人的定语从句, 其中一个定 语从句的关系代词是that, 另一个宜用who以避免重复。 The student that was praised at yesterday’s meeting is the monitor, who is very modest and works very hard. (4)当关系代词前面有介词时, 只能用whom, whom在定 语从句中作介词的宾语时, 介词可放在后面, 也可提前 构成介词+whom(先行词指人)结构。 The settlement is home to nearly 1, 000 people, many of whom left their village homes for a better life in the city. 2. whose的用法 whose指人或物, 作定语, 表示“……的”, 可转换为 “of +关系代词”, 指人时可用of whom; 指物时可用of which。 The prize will go to the writer whose story/of whom the story shows the most imagination. 【题组训练】 1. This woman has set a good example to her son, ____ is a really lucky guy. 2. The teacher is a good teacher because she always tries her best to be the one ______ classes are more active and lively with some stories and examples. who whose 3. It is the largest city in Scotland, ______ has successful business, finance, tourism and an excellent harbour as well. 4. He is a teacher, __ can be seen from his manner. which as 考点3 关系副词 关系副词 先行词 句法功能 when 时间 时间状语 where 地点、情形、状况、活动、 关键点等 地点状语 why 原因 原因状语 This is the village where we worked ten years ago. Do you know the reason why he is absent? 【点津】(1)如果定语从句修饰point, situation, part, condition和case等表示抽象意义的词, 定语从句常用 where引导, 意思是“到了某种地步, 在某种境况下” (前提是从句中缺少状语)。 (2)当way表示方法、方式作先行词, 且后面的定语从句 缺方式状语时可以用that或in which引导定语从句, 也 可以省略关系词。如果后面定语从句中缺少宾语, 要用 that或which引导定语从句, 也可以省略关系词。 I don’t like the way that/in which/不填 he speaks to his mother. 【题组训练】 1. (2017·九江模拟)Las Vegas has wonderful restaurants ______ you can eat many different kinds of food. 2. The old woman often looked back on the past days _____ she worked hard to make a living. where when 3. The reason ____ the goods are sold at such low prices is that the manufacturers are willing to bring down prices in return for big volumes of purchases. 世纪金榜导学号97862310 why 考点4 介词+关系代词 1. 考查定语从句中动词与介词的搭配 Wind power is an ancient source of energy to which we may return in the near future. 2. 考查定语从句中形容词与介词的搭配习惯 He referred me to some reference books with which I was not very familiar. 3. 考查根据句意或者先行词与介词的搭配习惯确定介 词 I am looking for my glasses, without which I can’t watch TV clearly. 4. 考查表示所属关系的of which/whom She showed the visitors around the museum, the construction of which/whose construction had taken more than three years. 注意: the+n. +of which(whom)可与whose+n. 互换。 5. 考查表示整体与部分关系的of which/whom The buses, most of which were already full, were surrounded by the angry crowd. 6. 考查表示同位关系的of which/whom She brought her three friends, none of whom I had ever met before. 【点津】选择介词的3个原则 ①根据句子意思表达的需要; ②根据从句中动词或形容 词与介词的搭配习惯; ③根据先行词和介词的搭配习惯。 【题组训练】 1. Get yourself familiar with local laws and customs of the countries __ which you are travelling. 2. He wrote some of his most popular waltzes, among ______ was the well-known favourite The Blue Danube. to which 3. Besides, he lives in harmony with others and never quarrels with anyone, so people from all walks of life, from ______ I’ve gained lots of social experience, come to my house. whom 1. (2016·全国卷Ⅰ)But my connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s, _____ I was the first Western TV reporter permitted to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild. when 定语从句与语法填空 2. (2016·全国卷Ⅲ)Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius, ____ lived from roughly 551 to 479 B. C. , influenced the development of chopsticks. 　 世纪金榜导学号97862311 who 3. (2015·全国卷Ⅰ)I’d skipped nearby Guilin, a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River __________ are pictured by artists in so many Chinese paintings. that/which 【技法点拨】 1. 关系词应遵循“缺什么, 补什么”的原则 ①如果先行词指人, 定语从句中缺少主语, 限制性定语 从句中用who/that; 非限制性定语从句用who。 ②如果先行词指人, 定语从句中缺少宾语, 限制性定语 从句中用who/that/whom; 非限制性定语从句用whom。 ③如果先行词指物, 定语从句中缺少主语或宾语, 限制 性定语从句中用which/that; 非限制性定语从句用which。 ④如果先行词指时间或地点, 定语从句中缺少时间状语 或地点状语, 定语从句中用when或where; 如果从句缺 少的是主语或宾语, 则用that或which。 ⑤如果先行词指人, “介词+关系词”引导的定语从句中 的关系词用whom; 如果先行词指物, “介词+关系词” 引导的定语从句中的关系词用which。 ⑥不论先行词指人还是物, 只要关系词在定语从句中作 定语就用whose。 2. 牢记关系代词that与which, as与which的区别 定语从句与短文改错 【考题再现】 1. (2016·四川高考)The dishes what I cooked were Mom’s favorite. __________________________what→that/which或去掉what 2. From this experience I have learnt that questioning can serve as a bridge helps us to seek the truth. ___________________bridge后加that/which 【技法点拨】 慧眼识别短文改错中定语从句的4个易错点 1. 缺失关系代词; 2. 定语从句中没有考虑关系代词充当的成分; 3. 定语从句中谓语动词的单复数弄错; 4. 定语从句中介词漏用、介词后关系代词错用。 遇到这几种情况, 考生应灵活运用定语从句基础知识作 答。