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2019
届二轮复习如何写出正确的简单句和三大从句以及三大非谓语动词
书面表达
专题
第
1
讲 短小精悍的简单句
(1)
一、
S
＋
V
句型
(
主语＋谓语动词
)
在这个结构中，动词通常是不及物动词，没有宾语，但可以有副词作状语。这个结构常用于记叙事件活动。
(1)
It will start
from June 15th and last for three weeks.
它将于
6
月
15
号开始并持续
3
周。
(2016·
全国
Ⅱ
)
(2)
Hard work pays off.
功夫不负有心人。
(2015·
福建
)
(3)With my special care
，
my mother recovered
quickly.
在我的悉心照顾下，我妈妈很快恢复了健康。
(2013·
北京
)
二、
S
＋
V
＋
O
句型
(
主语＋谓语动词＋宾语
)
在这个结构中，动词是及物动词；充当宾语的通常是名词
(
动名词
)
、代词、数词、动词不定式
(
短语
)
、
v
.-ing
结构及名词性从句等。
(1)
Every coin has two sides.
任何事情都有两面性
/
凡事有利弊。
(2015·
湖南
)
(2)At last
they made great progress
.
最后他们取得了很大进步。
(2015·
广东
)
(3)
The students
often
broke the school rules
.
学生们经常违反校规。
(2015·
广东
)
三、
S
＋
V
＋
P(
主语＋连系动词＋表语
)
在这个结构中，谓语动词需用系动词；表语多为形容词，也可为名词、代词、副词、数词、介词短语、不定式、分词及名词性从句等。
1.
介绍人物
(
主系表结构后常跟非限制性定语从句或同位语作补充说明
)
。
(1)
Sally was a successful teacher
，
who taught some naughty students.
萨莉是一个成功的老师，她教过一些淘气的学生。
(2015·
广东
)
(2)
I
’
m Li Jin
，
Chairman of the Student Union in Chenguang Middle School.
我是李津，晨光中学学生会主席。
(2015·
天津
)
2.
介绍事物
(1)
Summer is my favorite season
of the year.
夏季是我一年中最喜欢的季节。
(2016·
四川
)
(2)
This is a
well-
known story
from an ancient Chinese idiom.
这是一个源于中国古代成语的著名故事。
(2015·
福建
)
3.
描写心情
Tired as I was
，
I
never
felt so happy
.
尽管累了，但我从没这么开心过。
(2013·
陕西
)
4.
描写天气
It was a nice day
.
这是美好的一天。
(2013·
江西
)
5.
分析论述
(1)
The reasons are as follows
.
原因如下。
(2016·
四川
)
(2)
Here are three useful tips
：
这里有三个有用的建议：
(2014·
安徽
)
(3)
Developing a good habit is
also
of importance
.
养成一个好习惯也很重要。
(2014·
江西
)
6.
谚语格言
An inch of time is worth an inch of gold
.
一寸光阴一寸金。
(2015·
广东
)
即时训练
用简单句翻译下列句子
1.
我是
3
年级
2
班的学生李华。
(2015·
陕西
)
__________________________________________
2.
表演将于今天下午两点在
“
学生中心
”
开始。
(2014·
陕西
)
______________________________________________________________
3.
他接受了我们的建议。
(2014·
北京
)
_________________________
I
’
m Li Hua
，
a student from Class 2
，
Grade 3.
The show will begin at two o
’
clock this afternoon at the Student Centre.
He accepted our suggestions.
4.
这个项目的目的是培养我们的英语学习兴趣和听说实际能力
。
(
2014·
陕西
)
__________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
5.
上午八点，我们在大青山山脚下集合。
(2013·
江西
)
____________________________________________________
The purpose of this programme is to develop our interest in English learning and practical abilities in listening and speaking.
At 8
：
00 a.m.
，
we gathered at the foot of Daqing Mountain.
第
2
讲 短小精悍的简单句
(2)
四、
S
＋
V
＋
Oi
＋
Od(
主语＋谓语动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语
)
在这个结构中，及物动词接两个宾语，间接宾语在前，直接宾语在后。当把直接宾语放到间接宾语之前时，间接宾语前应加适当的介词。
(1)First
，
I will tell them the disadvantages
of playing computer games and cheating in the exams.
首先，我会告诉他们玩电脑游戏和考试作弊的坏处。
(2015·
广东
)
(2)When the craftsman came into the classroom
，
we gave him a warm welcome.
当工匠走进教室时，我们给他以热情的欢迎。
(2015·
北京
)
(3)First
，
he showed us the basic steps and skills
of making
dough figurines.
首先，他向我们演示了做面人的基本步骤和技巧。
(2015·
北京
)
(4)
My mother gave a hug to me
and I could see satisfaction in her eyes.
我的妈妈拥抱了我，我在她眼中能看到满足。
(2013·
陕西
)
五、
S
＋
V
＋
O
＋
C (
主语＋谓语动词＋宾语＋宾语补足语
)
在这个结构中，及物动词后面接宾语和宾语补足语。充当补语的可以是名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、非谓语动词
(
短语
)
等。
(1)
I
sincerely
wish you a pleasant trip
back to your country.
衷心的祝愿你归国旅途愉快。
(2016·
天津
)
(2)
The Internet makes surveying and voting easy and convenient
，
regardless of time and space.
网络使得调查和投票容易而且方便，无论何时何地。
(2016·
江苏
)
(3)In the picture
，
we can see a boy in worn clothes
，
sitting at a shabby wooden table with a pile of books on it.
在图画中，我们可以看到一个男孩穿着破衣服，坐在一张破旧的木桌旁，桌子上有一摞书。
(2015·
福建
)
(4)
I
’
d like to ask you to write an article
for our school
’
s English newspaper
.
我
想请你为我们学校的英语报写一篇文章。
(2015·
全国
Ⅰ
)
(5)
Our good learning habits will make us study
more easily and efficiently and absorb knowledge completely.
良好的学习习惯会使我们学习起来更加轻松有效，而且完全吸收知识
。
(
2013·
四川
)
六、
There be
句型
在这个结构中，
there be
后的名词是主语，
be
的形式应和第一个名词保持一致。这一结构的其他时态形式：
there was
/were
；
there will be
；
there is/
are going to be
；
there has
/have been
；
there must have been
；
there must/
may be
等，它的变式句型有：
There happen(s)
/seem(s)/
appear(s) to be...
等。
(1)
There is plenty of fun
for teenagers in summer
，
including going camping
，
going to the beach
，
going swimming at public pools and travelling locally with friends
.
在夏季，青少年有很多趣事，包括宿营，去海滨，在公共泳池游泳，还有与朋友在当地游玩。
(2016·
四川
)
(2)
There was a problem
with the parking place for bikes in our school.
我们学校的自行车停车处有个问题。
(2014·
北京
)
(3)
Would there be host family or university dormitory
?
会有寄宿家庭或者学生宿舍吗？
(2014·
新课标全国
Ⅰ
)
(4)My favorite proverb is
“
Where
there
’
s a will
，
there
’
s a way
.
”
我最喜欢的格言是
“
有志者事竟成
”
。
(2014·
山东
)
(5)
There will be many challenges
ahead
，
but I have confidence that I
’
ll take on the burden.
前方有很多挑战，但是我有信心能担负重任。
(2013·
天津
)
即时训练
用简单句翻译下列句子
1
．我会告诉他们学习的重要性。
(2015·
广东
)
______________________________________
2
．我们学校将给你们班捐赠
500
册不同的宝贵书籍。
(2015·
天津
)
______________________________________________________________
3
．我帮助他们理解中国文化中最好的部分。
(2013·
浙江
)
________________________________________________
I will tell them the importance of studying.
Our school will donate 500 copies of different valuable books to your class.
I help them understand the best part of Chinese culture.
4
．从图片中我们可以看到一家三口走在一个很长的红地毯上
。
(
2013·
福建
)
______________________________________________________________
5
．一个人的梦想和现实通常存在差别。
(2013·
北京
)
_______________________________________________________
From the picture we can see a family of three walking on a long red carpet.
There is usually a difference between one
’
s dream and reality.
第
3
讲 整齐有序的并列句
由
两个或两个以上不分主次、相互独立的简单句构成的句子叫并列句。并列句通过并列连词、连接副词和分号三种方式连接起来。
1
.
表
并列关系：
and(
和
)
，
not only...but (also
)
.
..(
不但
……
而且
……
)
，
not...but...(
不是
……
而是
……
)
，
neither...nor...(
既不
……
也不
……
)
，
on (the) one hand...on the other (hand
)
.
..(
一方面
……
另一方面
……
)
，
when(
这时突然
)
等。
(1)In my opinion
，
everyone here is a member of our big family
and
we learn a lot from each other.
就我而言，每一个在这里的人都是我们大家庭里的一员并且我们彼此学到了很多。
(2016·
天津
)
(2)The traffic issue is a hard nut to crack.It
not only
affects our everyday life
，
but
may
also
threaten people
’
s lives.
交通问题很难解决。它不仅影响我们的日常生活，而且威胁人们的生命安全。
(2015·
江苏
)
(3)
Not only
are books shared
but also
it can build up a bridge connecting readers from different parts of the world as well.
书籍不仅被分享而且它还能建立一个联系世界各地读者的桥梁
。
(
2015·
重庆
)
(4)I was on my way to the bookstore and was waiting for the green light at a crossing
when
a girl of about ten was knocked down by a passing car
，
which drove off quickly.
我正在去书店的路上，在一个十字路口等绿灯时，突然一个大约十岁的女孩被一辆过往的汽车撞倒，肇事车辆快速逃逸了。
(2014·
湖北
)
(5)In my opinion
，
the son refuses to communicate with his mother
not
because he has no time
but
because he
’
s unwilling to.
我认为，儿子拒绝与他的母亲交流不是因为他没时间而是因为他不愿意
。
(
2013·
重庆
)
2.
表转折关系：
but(
但是
)
，
however(
然而
)
，
while(
然而
)
，
still(
仍然
)
，
yet(
然而
)
等。
(1)It is beneficial to some people
，
while
it puts others into a dilemma over whether to vote or not.
它对一些人有益，却使其他人对是否投票处于两难境地。
(2016·
江苏
)
(2)She herself lived a simple or rather poor life
but
she was so generous to the people in need of help.
她自己过着简朴的生活但对需要帮助的人如此慷慨。
(2014·
广东
)
(3)To be honest
，
in spite of my good preparation
，
I felt a little nervous when I was entering the exam room.
However
，
I soon adjusted my mind of state and answered the questions calmly and carefully.
说实话，尽管我准备充分，但进入考场时还是感到有点紧张。然而，我很快调整状态，冷静细心地回答问题。
(2014·
四川
)
3.
表选择关系：
or(
或者
)
，
either...or...(
或者
……
或者
……
)
，
not...but...(
不是
……
而是
……
)
，
or else(
否则
)
等。
Take the chance
，
or else
you will regret it.
抓住这次机会，否则你会后悔的。
4.
表因果关系：
for(
因为
)
，
so(
所以
)
，
therefore(
因此
)
等。
I
’
d better take an umbrella
，
for
it is going to rain.
我最好带把伞，因为天快要下雨了。
即时训练
用恰当的连接词翻译下列句子
1.
我是一个中国学生，我计划假期到英国去参加一个暑期学校。我已经看了你们的广告，我想知道更多关于你们的六周英语课程的情况
。
(
2014·
新课标全国
Ⅰ
)
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
2.
虽然她是一个普通妇女但是确实值得尊敬。
(2014·
广东
)
________________________________________________
I am a student in China and I plan to go to Britain to attend a summer school during the vacation.I
’
ve seen your ad
，
and I
’
d like to know something more about your
six-week
English course.
She is an ordinary woman but she is really worth respecting.
3.
一些人支持而其他人不然。
(2014·
江苏
)
______________________________________
4.
我正要放弃，这时爸爸过来鼓励我继续前行。
(2014·
福建
)
___________________________________________________________________
5.
一方面，它们有助于我提高写作技巧、拓宽视野；另一方面，还能丰富我的生活并能给我带来巨大的乐趣。
(2012·
江西
)
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Some people support it while others do not.
I was about to give up when my father came and encouraged me to keep going.
For one thing
，
they help to improve my writing skills and broaden my horizons.For another
，
they can enrich my life and provide me with great fun./Not only can they help to improve my writing skills and broaden my horizons but they also can enrich my life and provide me with great fun.
第
4
讲 复合句
(1)——
琳琅满目的名词性从句
名词
性从句通常由从属连词
(that
，
whether
，
if)
、连接代词
(who
，
what
，
which)
、连接副词
(when
，
where
，
why
，
how)
引导。名词性从句都不能用逗号和主句分开。
一、主语从句
(1)
What makes me concerned
is my final exam which will be held two weeks later.
让我担心的是两周后要进行的期末考试。
(2016·
全国
Ⅲ
)
(2)
What we need most
are popular science books.
我们最需要的是科普书籍。
(2014·
浙江
)
二、宾语从句
(1)I hope you could appreciate
that I must spare no effort to do well in my final exam.
我希望你能理解我必须不遗余力地搞好期末考试。
(2016·
全国
Ⅲ
)
(2)I sincerely hope
you can accept my apologies and understand my situation.
我诚挚地希望你能接受我的歉意并理解我的处境。
(2016·
全国
Ⅲ
)
(3)I wonder
if you
’
d like to go with me.
我想知道你是否想和我一起去。
(2015·
北京
)
(4)We are aware
that we should build up our bodies and live a healthy life.
我们意识到我们应该锻炼身体，过健康的生活。
(2015·
广东
)
(5)I am sure
that with your great efforts
，
you will enjoy a colorful and fruitful life here.
我确信在你的巨大努力下，你的生活会丰富多彩。
(2014·
江西
)
(6)I
’
m sorry to know
that you
’
re having such a bad time at the moment
.
我很遗憾得知你现在过得不好。
(2014·
安徽
)
(7)This quotation from Winston Churchill tells us
that we shouldn
’
t get discouraged right after failures.
温斯顿
·
丘吉尔的这句名言告诉我们：我们不应该在失败后沮丧
。
(
2014·
福建
)
(8)Can I suggest
that we put it off until early August
?
我能建议把它推迟到八月初吗？
(2014·
北京
)
(9)I
’
d also like to know
how much I have to pay for the course and whether accommodation is included
.
我还想知道我要付多少学费，是否包含住宿。
(2014·
新课标全国
Ⅰ
)
(10)I often imagine
what my life will be like in the future
.I think
my life will be very different in ten years.
我经常想象未来我的生活会是什么样的。我想我的生活在十年后会非常不同。
(2014·
大纲全国
)
三、同位语从句
(1)There is no doubt
that you can get along well with them.
毫无疑问，你可以和他们友好相处。
(2014·
天津
)
(2)It shows a common phenomenon nowadays
that children are the focus of families
，
shouldering the hope of their parents.
它反映出当今的一个普遍现象：孩子们是家庭的焦点，肩负着父母的希望。
(2013·
福建
)
四、表语从句
In addition to reading for knowledge
，
we read for fun and inspiration.That is
why I recommend another category of books
：
literary books.
除了为知识，我们还为乐趣和灵感而读书。那就是我为什么推荐另一种书
——
文学书籍。
(2014·
浙江
)
即时训练
用名词性从句翻译下列句子
1.
我们希望我们能有更多这样的活动！
(2015·
北京
)
________________________________________________
2.
我们无法想象没有手机生活将是什么样子。
(2014·
重庆
)
__________________________________________________
3.
负责任是创造一个更好的社会所必须要做的。
(2014·
湖北
)
__________________________________________________
We hope (that) we can have more activities of this kind!
We can
’
t imagine what life would be like without phones.
Being responsible is what it takes to make a better society.
4.
毫无疑问，那里的孩子们急需关爱和帮助。
(2013·
山东
)
______________________________________________________________
5.
但是最令我感兴趣的是文学书籍，尤其是那些著名作家写的
。
(
2012·
江西
)
____________________________________________________________________________
There is no doubt that children there are badly in need of care and help.
But what interests me most are literary books
，
especially those by famous writers.
第
5
讲 复合句
(2)——
润色添彩的定语从句
在
复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。通常由关系代词
(who
，
whom
，
that
，
which
，
as
，
whose )
或关系副词
(where
，
when
，
why)
引导。
一、限制性定语从句
(1)Any student
who is interested
is welcome to participate.
欢迎任何感兴趣的同学参加。
(2016·
全国
Ⅱ
)
(2)In addition
，
I am an outgoing girl
who has rich experience in organizing school activities.
此外，我是一个在组织学校活动方面有丰富经验的外向的女孩
。
(
2015·
陕西
)
(3)Talk to someone
you trust
about how you feel.
和
你信任的人谈谈你的感受。
(2014·
安徽
)
(4)I can well remember an incident
that happened on a rainy Sunday afternoon.
我可以清楚地记得事故发生在一个下雨的星期天下午。
(2014·
湖北
)
(5)However
，
some of the texts have too many new words and expressions
which are hard for us.
然而，有些课文有太多的生词和短语，这对我们来说是困难的
。
(
2012·
辽宁
)
二、非限制性定语从句
(1)I
’
m writing to express my regret at being unable to go to the bookstore with you next weekend
，
which I have promised.
我写信表达我对下周末不能和你一起去书店的遗憾，我本来答应要去的
。
(
2016·
全国
Ⅲ
)
(2)If they often cheat in the exams
，
they will form a bad habit
，
which will have a bad effect on their life.
如果他们经常考试作弊，就会养成坏习惯，这会对他们的人生产生坏影响
。
(
2015·
广东
)
(3)We
’
ll also spend some fun time together singing
，
dancing and playing games
，
which we hope will make them happy
.
我们将一起唱歌、跳舞、玩游戏，度过一段有趣的时光，我们希望这样会让他们开心。
(2015·
全国
Ⅱ
)
(4)But the best gift I have received is a watch
，
which my dad gave me on my last birthday.
但是我所收到过的最好的礼物是一块手表，它是爸爸去年在我过生日时送给我的。
(2014·
重庆
)
(5)Our class is made up of 52 students
，
all of whom are friendly and hard-working.
我们班由
52
位同学组成，所有人都待人友好，学习刻苦。
(2014·
天津
)
(6)I will go on a trip to Sichuan
，
where there are a great number of places of interest.
我要去四川旅行，那里有很多名胜古迹。
(2013·
山东
)
(7)I have been class monitor since I came to our college
，
which brought me a strong ability of organization.
上大学以来我一直是班长，这使我有很强的组织能力。
(2013·
天津
)
(8)
As we all know
，
books are the source of knowledge.
众所周知，书是知识的源泉。
(2012·
江西
)
即时训练
用定语从句翻译下列句子
1.
最后，我想问一些关于他的私人生活的问题，这一定非常有趣
。
(
2015·
安徽
)
__________________________________________________________________________________________
2.
我的老师可能会认为我很优秀，能做好功课，这会使我更有信心
。
(
2015·
湖南
)
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
Finally
，
I would like to ask a few questions about his personal life
，
which must be very interesting.
My teacher may think I am excellent and I can do well in my study
，
which can make me more confident.
3.
我爱好广泛，包括画画、收藏邮票等。
(2013·
天津
)
_______________________________________________________________________
4.
现在我把我在英语上的所有进步都归功于
Mrs
. Jones
，她的鼓励使我取得了我今天所拥有的成绩。
(2012·
广东
)
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
5.
众所周知，污染对人类的危害很大。
______________________________________________________
My hobby is widespread
，
which includes drawing
，
collecting stamps and so on.
Now I owe all my progress in English to Mrs
. Jones
，
whose encouragement has made me achieve what I have now.
As we all know
，
pollution does great harm to human beings.
第
6
讲 复合句
(3)——
条理分明的状语从句
在
复合句中作状语的句子叫状语从句。状语从句由从属连词引导，可以放在句首或句末，放在句首时，从句后边一般用逗号与主句隔开；放在句末时，从句前通常不用逗号。
一、条件状语从句
(1)Things will turn for the better
if
we can work out some participation rules for people to obey.
如果我们能制定出一些人们要遵守的参与规则，情况会好转。
(2016·
江苏
)
(2)I would appreciate it
if
I am offered with an opportunity to display my talent.
如果能给我一个展示才华的机会我会非常感激。
(2015·
陕西
)
(3)
If
you could provide more specific information
，
I would be very grateful.
如果你能提供给我更详细的信息，我会非常感激。
(2015·
重庆
)
(4)
As long as
there is kindness and virtue
，
the world will become more beautiful.
只要有爱心和美德，世界就会变得更美好。
(2014·
广东
)
(5)
Once
the timetable is made
，
we should follow it strictly.
一旦时间表制定好了，我们就应该严格遵守。
(2013·
四川
)
二、目的状语从句
Second
，
you should often talk with Chinese
so that
you can improve your oral Chinese.
第二，你应该经常和中国人交谈，以便能够提高汉语口语。
(2015·
四川
)
三、结果状语从句
(1)We did
so
well
that
we were invited to share our idea and experience with all the students of our school.
我们做的如此好以至被邀请去和全校学生交流想法和经验。
(2016·
北京
)
(2)I think sometimes we attach too much importance to our phones
so that
we ignore our friends.
我认为有时我们把电话看得太重要，结果忽视了我们的朋友。
(2014·
重庆
)
四、让步状语从句
(1)The moral of the story is
：
spare no effort to acquire knowledge and never get discouraged easily
no matter how
difficult the situation may be.
故事的寓意是：无论情况多么困难，都要不遗余力地去获取知识，绝不要轻易灰心丧气。
(2015·
福建
)
(2)
No matter how
ordinary a job is
，
it plays a part in society and therefore deserves our due respect.
无论多么普通的工作，都在社会中起一定的作用，因此值得我们尊重
。
(
2013·
广东
)
五、原因状语从句
(1)Second
，
go outdoors and play team games with your friends
as
physical exercise is an effective way to get rid of anger.
第二，到户外和朋友们玩集体游戏，因为体育锻炼是一个排解怒气的有效方法。
(2014·
安徽
)
(2)I remember we planned to visit Yunnan in July.But now
，
because
my left foot was injured
，
I cannot go with you as planned.
我记得我们原本计划七月去云南，但是现在，因为我的左脚受伤，所以不能按计划和你一起去了。
(2014·
北京
)
六、时间状语从句
(1)
Every time
I see my watch
，
I think about my great dad.
每次我看到我的手表时，就会想到我伟大的父亲。
(2014·
重庆
)
(2)
When
some fell behind
，
others would come and offer help.
当有人落后时，其他人会过来提供帮助。
(2013·
江西
)
(3)I
’
ll always keep to the right and never cross a road
until
the traffic light turns green.
我总是会靠右走，直到灯变绿时才过马路。
(2013·
安徽
)
即时训练
用状语从句翻译下列句子
1.
如果你对此感兴趣就告诉我，我会发给你更多信息。
(2015·
北京
)
_________________________________________________________________________
2.
当我把我的答案给他看时，老师因我能独立思考夸奖了我。
(2015·
湖北
)
__________________________________________________________________________________
If you are interested in it
，
let me know and I
’
ll send you more information.
When I showed my answer to him
，
the teacher praised me for my independent thinking.
3.
这意味着如果你真的决定做某一件事，无论它可能有多么难，你最终都会找到办法并获得成功。
(2014·
山东
)
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
4.
第三，我的父母希望我学理科因为他们认为做一名理科生，我的未来会更加光明。
(2012·
安徽
)
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
It means if you are really determined to do something
，
no matter how/however difficult it might be
，
you will find a way of doing it at last and you
’
ll achieve success.
Third
，
my parents wish me to study science because they believe I will have a brighter future as a science student.
5.
如果你能就如何解决这些问题给我提供一些建议，我将不胜感激
。
(
2011·
山东
)
____________________________________________________________________________
I would appreciate it if you could give me some advice on how to solve these problems.
第
7
讲 言简意赅的非谓语动词
(1
)
——
动名词
、现在
分词和过去分词
一、动名词
动名词是由动词的
-ing
形式构成，兼有动词和名词特征的非谓语动词。它可以带有自己的宾语，也能被副词修饰。动名词有时态和语态的变化，可以作主语、宾语、表语和定语等。
(1)Such rude
riding
contributes to the disorder of traffic.
这样野蛮的骑车方式导致了交通混乱。
(2015·
江苏
)
(2)Some students are addicted to
playing
computer games and some often cheat in the exams
.
一些学生迷恋玩网络游戏，还有一些经常在考试中作弊。
(2015·
广东
)
(3)As for
cheating
in the exams
，
I will tell them the importance of honesty.
至于考试作弊，我会告诉他们诚实的重要性。
(2015·
广东
)
(4)As an old saying goes
，
living
without a clear and achievable aim is like
sailing
without a compass.
俗话说得好，生活没有明确的目标就好像航海没有指南针。
(2015·
重庆
)
(5)Hope to meet you at the
training
camp this summer.
希望在今年夏天的训练营见到你。
(2015·
北京
)
(6)As a student
，
I can tell you that there is nothing better than
being praised
by my teacher before my classmates.
作为一个学生，我可以告诉你，没有什么比在同学们面前受到老师表扬更好的事情了。
(2015·
湖南
)
二、现在分词
现在分词的一般式：
doing
；一般被动式：
being done
；完成式：
having done
；完成被动式：
having been done
。
所有否定式都是在
-ing
前面加
not
，包括独立主格形式。现在分词既具有动词的特征，可以有自己的宾语和状语；又具有形容词和副词的特征，可以充当表语，定语，状语，补足语，表示主动或正在进行的动作。
(1)While
visiting
the art exhibition
，
we discussed the great artists
’
works.
参观艺术展时，我们讨论了伟大的艺术家们的作品。
(2016·
天津
)
(2)A week before Earth Day
，
posters were put up around our school
，
calling upon
us to join in the actions for a greener earth.
地球日的前一周，学校里张贴了海报，号召我们参加绿化地球的行动
。
(
2016·
北京
)
(3) I feel proud
knowing
your interest in Chinese history.
得知你对中国历史感兴趣，我感到很自豪。
(2016·
北京
)
(4)Some riders of e-bikes and bicycles come and go in all directions
，
ignoring
traffic lights and other vehicles.
一些骑电动车和自行车的人朝四面八方往来穿梭，忽视交通灯和其他车辆
。
(
2015·
江苏
)
(5)With English words
getting
popular in both media and daily life
，
a Chinese dictionary has included 239 of them
，
leaving
the public divided into two opposing groups
：
“
For
”
and
“
Against
”
．
随着英语单词在媒体和日常生活中越来越流行，一本汉语词典收录了
239
个英语单词，这使公众分成了相反的两派：
“
赞成
”
和
“
反对
”
。
(
2014·
江苏
)
(6)In the coming three years
，
our school life will be
challenging
.
在未来三年中，我们的学校生活将会是充满挑战的。
(2014·
江西
)
(7)
Hearing
this
，
the whole class burst into laughter and my deskmate
’
s face turned red.
听到这个，全班同学大笑起来，我同桌的脸变红了。
(2013·
湖北
)
(8)These days
，
breaking traffic rules and littering
are not uncommon
，
causing
serious harm to life and the environment.
目前，违反交通规则，乱扔垃圾的事情屡见不鲜，对生活和环境造成了严重破坏。
(2013·
安徽
)
三、过去分词
过去分词与现在分词主要差别在于：现在分词表示
“
主动和进行
”
；过去分词表示
“
被动和完成
”
(
不及物动词的过去分词不表示被动，只表示完成
)
。分词都可以有自己的状语、宾语或逻辑主语等。可以充当表语、定语、状语和补足语。
(1)As
scheduled
，
we participated in several instructive activities.
按照日程安排，我们参加了几个有教育意义的活动。
(2016·
天津
)
(2)The
“
Foreign Cultures
”
section in our newspaper is very popular among us students.It carries articles
written by
foreign friends about the cultures of their home countries.
在我们报纸上的
“
外国文化
”
这一节很受我们学生的欢迎。它有一些外国朋友写的关于他们本国文化的文章。
(2015·
全国
Ⅰ
)
(3)
Compared to
the traditional ones
，
they have three new unique functions.
与传统的相比，他们有三个新的独特功能。
(2014·
湖南
)
(4)I am really
moved and inspired
by her kindness.
我被她的善良感动和鼓舞着。
(2014·
广东
)
(5)However
，
it was harder than
expected
.
然而，它比预料的难。
(2014·
福建
)
(6)I noticed the entrance was small and almost
blocked
.
我注意到入口处很小而且几乎被堵塞了。
(2014·
北京
)
即时训练
用非谓语动词翻译下列句子
1.
我喜欢被表扬。
(2015·
湖南
)
__________________
2.
大师写的经典作品通过迷人的故事和语言展现出伟大的思想
。
(
2014·
浙江
)
___________________________________________________________________________________________
I like being praised.
Classic works
，
written by masters
，
present great thoughts through fascinating stories and language.
3.
得知我们的图书馆要买书，我想给一些建议。
(2014·
浙江
)
_________________________________________________________________________
4.
因为对那件事感到相当抱歉，我开始考虑做点什么给予帮助
。
(
2013·
陕西
)
_____________________________________________________________
5.
美丽的月亮挂在天空，我们坐在一起吃月饼和水果，分享我们的故事
。
(
2013·
辽宁
)
______________________________________________________________________________________________
Knowing that our library is going to buy books
，
I
’
d like to give some suggestions.
Feeling quite sorry for that
，
I begin to think about what to do to help.
With the beautiful moon up in the sky
，
we sit together and eat moon cakes and fruit
，
sharing our stories.
第
8
讲 言简意赅的非谓语动词
(2)——
不定式
动词
不定式是构成长句的一个重要因素。不定式由自己的宾语、状语和补足语，组成不定式短语。在分析句子时要把不定式短语看作一个整体。不定式在句中可作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和补足语。
一、不定式作主语
(1)It is everybody
’
s duty
to observe them to keep our society in order.
遵守它们
(
交通规则
)
以保持社会秩序是每个人的责任。
(2015·
江苏
)
(2)It takes four to six weeks
to finish the report.
要完成这个报告会花费我四到六周的时间。
(2015·
广东
)
(3)It is a great honour for me
to tell you some information relevant to the local life.
能告诉你关于当地生活的一些相关信息是我的荣幸。
(2014·
天津
)
(4)We can see that it
’
s not uncommon for one language
to borrow words from other languages.
我们可以看到一种语言借用其他语言的词汇的现象很普遍。
(2014·
江苏
)
(5)It
’
s not difficult for them
to understand these words
in Chinese contexts.
对他们来说，在汉语语境中理解这些词汇并不难。
(2014·
江苏
)
二、不定式作宾语
(1)I learned from your post that you want
to improve your Mandarin.
我从你的海报上得知你想提高普通话。
(2015·
四川
)
(2)I tend
to take the
“
Against
”
side
for two reasons.
我倾向于支持反对方，原因有两个。
(2014·
江苏
)
(3)People need to learn
to accept the reality
and keep on trying.
人们需要学会接受事实，继续努力。
(2013·
北京
)
(4)I will regard it as my duty
to help keep our environment clean and healthy.
我会把它当作我的职责，以帮助保持我们的环境清洁和健康。
(2013·
安徽
)
三、不定式作表语
(1)The important thing is
to learn
to control your temper.
重要的是学会控制你的情绪。
(2014·
安徽
)
(2)The first thing I plan to do
is to do a part-time job
in a fast-food restaurant.
我计划做的第一件事是在快餐店做兼职。
(2013·
山东
)
四、不定式作定语
(1)Our class came up with the idea
to make better use of
used materials.
我们班提出了更好地利用旧材料的想法。
(2016·
北京
)
(2)Could we make another appointment
to go to the bookstore together
?
我们能另约个时间一起去书店吗？
(2016·
全国
Ⅲ
)
(3)Success consists in the ability
to continue efforts through failures
.
成功在于百折不挠。
(2014·
福建
)
五、不定式作状语
(1)
In order to earn some extra money and reduce my family
’
s burden
，
I
’
d like to go to a foreign capital company to find a part-time job.
为了挣些外快减少家庭负担，我想去外资企业找一份兼职工作
。
(
2016·
全国
Ⅰ
)
(2)We should make full use of time
to study
.
我们应该充分利用时间来学习。
(2015·
广东
)
(3)We should take pains
to improve ourselves through learning and get prepared for the future.
我们应该努力通过学习提高自我，为未来做好准备。
(2015·
福建
)
(4)A man immediately rushed to the girl
to give her first aid
and I joined in without hesitation.
一个人迅速跑过去给那个女孩急救，我毫不犹豫地参与了。
(2014·
湖北
)
(5)
To make our life easier and the environment more beautiful
，
I have designed a pair of magic shoes.
为了使我们的生活更轻松环境更美好，我设计了一双有魔力的鞋
。
(
2014·
湖南
)
六、不定式作补足语
(1)She patiently explained all the rules to the students and required everyone
to follow them.
她耐心地向学生解释所有的规则，而且要求他们每个人要遵守
。
(
2015·
广东
)
(2)I
’
d like to invite you
to join us for a visit
to the nearby nursing home next Saturday for the Double Ninth Festival.
我想邀请你在下周六和我们一起去附近的敬老院过重阳节
。
(
2015·
全国
Ⅱ
)
(3)In my opinion
，
those who have received her donation will be encouraged
to study even harder
and try their best
to achieve success
.
在我看来，那些收到她的捐赠的人会受到鼓励，会更努力地学习，尽他们的最大努力获得成功。
(2014·
广东
)
(4)Every one of you is expected
to be part of the event
.
希望每个人都是这个活动中的一部分。
(2014·
辽宁
)
(5)We were asked
to make a sentence with it
.
我们被要求用它造一个句子。
(2013·
湖北
)
七、疑问词＋不定式
(1)Last Tuesday
，
our class invited an old craftsman to teach us
how to make dough figurines
.
上周二，我们班邀请了一位老工匠来教我们怎样做面人。
(2015·
北京
)
(2)It is my honor to be here to share with you my opinions on
what to learn
in senior high school.
非常荣幸在这里与你们分享我的关于高中学习内容的观点。
(2014·
江西
)
八、形容词＋不定式
(1)Dear guests
，
you are
welcome to take part in
some activities.
亲爱的来宾，欢迎大家参加一些活动。
(2014·
陕西
)
(2)I
’
m very
delighted to learn
that you
’
re coming to our class to study with us as an exchange student next term.
我很高兴得知下学期你要作为一名交换生来我们班和我们一起学习
。
(
2014·
天津
)
(3)I am good at communicating and always
ready to help
others.
我擅长交际，乐于助人。
(2013·
天津
)
(4)At this very moment
，
my parents came back and were quite
surprised to see
all the rooms tidy and floors shining.
就在这时，我的父母回来了，看到所有房间整洁、地面光亮感到非常惊讶。
(2013·
陕西
)
(5)However
，
without their hard work
，
it is
difficult to imagine
what our environment would be like.
然而，如果没有他们的辛勤劳动，很难想象我们的环境会是什么样的
。
(
2013·
广东
)
九、不定式的主动形式表达被动含义
(1)The bike seemed too heavy and difficult
to control
.
自行车似乎很沉，难以控制。
(2014·
福建
)
(2)Once
，
I was faced with great difficulty in learning English
，
especially in vocabulary and grammar
，
which
，
from my point of view
，
is unlikely
to overcome
.
我曾经在学英语方面面临很大困难，尤其是词汇和语法，这在我看来是不可能克服的。
(2014·
山东
)
(3)In some experts
’
opinion
，
living conditions on the Mars are very hard
to tolerate
.
在一些专家看来，火星上的生活条件艰苦得难以忍受。
(2013·
广东
)
即时训练
用动词不定式翻译下列句子
1.
我们可能有不同的方法来处理这样一个情况。
(2015·
浙江
)
_________________________________________________
2.
我认为这对我来说是一个进一步提高我能力的绝佳机会。
(2015·
陕西
)
______________________________________________________________
3.
现在我有一个好消息要告诉你。
(2015·
天津
)
_____________________________________
We may have various ways to deal with such a situation.
I think it
’
s a perfect opportunity for me to further develop my abilities.
Now I have a piece of good news to tell you.
4.
此外，我们应该学会怎样与别人相处得融洽。
(2014·
江西
)
______________________________________________________
5
.
他们的确有助于强健我的身体、丰富我的校园生活。
(2014·
江西
)
______________________________________________________________
6.
首先，我们应该学会高效学习。
(2014·
江西
)
______________________________________
7.
现在我们在那里停放自行车容易了。
(2014·
北京
)
______________________________________
In addition
，
we should learn how to get along well with others.
They were really helpful to build up my body and enrich my school life.
Firstly
，
we should learn to learn efficiently.
Now it is easy for us to park our bikes there.
8.
就我个人来说，为了实现我的学习目标，我过去常常尝试多种有效的方法。
(2014·
江西
)
______________________________________________________________
Personally
，
I used to try effective methods to achieve my academic goals.