- 1.43 MB
- 2021-04-17 发布
2019
届二轮复习语法专题
定语从句
什么是定语从句？
修饰某一名词或代词的
句子
叫定语从句。
Mary is a girl
who has long hair
.
This is the classroom
where we study
.
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修饰
girl
修饰
classroom
讨论：从句特征是什么？
定语从句的特征
有引导词。
放在所修饰的名词或代词之后。
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Mary is a
girl
who
has long hair
.
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先行词
关系词
引导定语从句的词叫做关系词；关系词又分为
关系代词和关系副词。
被定语从句修饰的名词或是代词叫先行词。
相关概念
This is the
classroom
where
we study
.
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先行词
关系副词
Mr. Liu is
the person
whom
you talked about
on the bus.
先行词
关系代词
练习
(
分组讨论：
2min
）
括出以下句子中的定语从句，划出先行词和关系词。
1. She is a new student who doesn't speak English well.
2. The Tiananmen Square, which I visited last week, is the largest square in Beijing.
3. This is the composition that I think is perfect.
4. The new student is from Tibet, which I really want to have a visit to.
5. Her parents wouldn't let her marry this man who is not honest.
6. I will remember the days when I stayed with my parents in Sanya.
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Mary is a
girl
who
has long hair
.
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关系代词
关系词的作用：
引导定语从句；
代替先行词；
在定语从句中担当一个成分。
关系词的作用
关系词的作用
This is the
classroom
where
we study
.
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关系副词
关系词的作用：
引导定语从句；
代替先行词
the classroom
；
在定语从句中担当一个成分。
如何把简单句改写成定语从句？
The boys are from Class One.
They are playing football.
写法：
找出两句简单句的共有成分；
将主要信息句保留，另一句中共有成分去掉；
用关系词引导剩下从句并紧跟在被修饰词之后。
The boys
who are from Class One
are playing football.
The boys
who are playing football
are from Class One.
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小组讨论：如何理解关系词代替先行词？
关系词做何成分？
关系代词
The boys
who are from Class One
are playing football.
The boys
who are playing football
are from Class One.
The girl
who you talked with just now
is my best friend.
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who = the boy
指代人；
关系代词
who
在定语从句中做主语。
who = the girl
指代人；
关系代词
who
在定语从句中宾语。
小组讨论（
3min
）
分析以下关系词指代人或物，在定语从句中作何成分。
Mr. Liu is the person whom you talked about on the bus.
Li Ming is just the boy whom I want to see.
Football is a game which is liked by most boys.
This is the pen which he bought yesterday.
The person that you introduced to me is very kind.
The season that comes after spring is summer.
Yesterday I received a letter that came from Australia.
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关系代词
指人或物
在定从中作何成分
who
whom
which
that
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关系代词
指人或物
在定从中作何成分
who
whom
which
that
小组竞赛
I visited a scientist
whose name is known all over the country
.
He has a friend
whose father is a doctor
.
The classroom
whose door is broken
will soon be repaired. Do you like the book
whose cover is yellow
?
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whose = a scientist’s
指代人；
关系代词
whose
在定语从句表示“谁的”做定语。
whose = the classroom’s
指代物；
关系代词
whose
在定语从句表示“谁的”做定语。
指物时
whose +
名词
= the
名词
of which
练习
Those
want to visit the museum must be at the school gate at 7 tomorrow morning.
Yesterday, I helped an old man
had lost his way.
Mr. Liu is the person
you talked about on the bus.
The factory
makes computers is far away from here.
The girl
student card has been lost feels very anxious.
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who
who
who/ whom
which/ that
whose
介词
+
关系代词
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关系代词在定语从句中
作介词宾语
时，从句常常由
“介词
+
关系代词”
引出。
The school
(which / that)
he once studied
in
is very famous.
The school
in which
he once studied
is very famous.
Tomorrow I’ll bring here the magazine (which / that)
you asked
for
.
Tomorrow I’ll bring here the magazine
for which
you asked
.
介词
+
关系代词
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若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时只可用
whom
，不可用
who, that
；关系代词指物时只可用
which
，不可用
that
。
This is the boy (whom / who / that)
I played tennis
with
yesterday
.
This is the boy
with whom
I played tennis yesterday
.
介词
+
关系代词
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“
介词
+
关系代词”前还可有
some, any, none, all, both, neither, many, most, each , few
等代词或者数词。
He loves his parents deeply,
both of whom
are very kind to him
.
In the basket there are quite many apples,
some of which
have gone bad
.
There are forty students in our class in all,
most of whom
are from big cities
.
关系副词
指代
所充当的句子成分
when
where
why
time
place
reason
时间状语
地点状语
原因状语
关系副词
I won’t forget
the time
when
I got married.
Have you still remember
ed
the days
when
we stayed together?
当先行词为时间，如：
time, day, night
时，关系副词用
when,
在句中做时间状语。
when
where
This is
the village
where
I stayed last year.
I recently went back to
the town
where
I was born.
I would like to live in a
country
where
there is plenty of sunshine.
where
指地点，在从句中做地点状语，先行词多为
place
，
city
，
country
，
town
等。
where
先行词也可为抽象的地点名词：如：
point, job, letter, situation
等。
He wants to find this kind of
job
where
he can make full use of his ability.
why
Please tell me
the reason
why
you missed the plane.
T
h
e reason
why
he was punished is unknown to us.
why
指原因，先行词
只能
是
reason,
在句中做原因状语
。
when
在定语从句中作时间状语，相当
于
“
介词
+
关系代词（
which
）
”
。
I’ll never forget the day when I joined the
league.
on which
where
在定语从句中作地点状语，相当于
“
介词
+
关系代词（
which
）
”
。
This is the house where I lived two years ago.
in
which
why
在定语从句中作原因状语，相当于
“
介词
for+
关系代词（
which
）
”
。
Do you know the reason why she was late.
for which
1. I’ll never forget the days _____________ we
worked
together.
2. I’ll never forget the days ______ we
spent
together.
3. I went to the place ______________ I
worked
ten years ago.
4. I went to the place _______ I
visited
ten years ago.
when /in which
which
where/ in which
几种易混的情况
which
5. This is the reason _____________ he was late.
6. This is the reason __________ he
gave
.
why/ for which
that/which
She has two brothers
who are working in
the city.
她有两个在这个城市工作的弟弟。
(
She has more than two brothers.)
b) She has two brothers,
who are working in
the city.
她有两个弟弟
,
他们在这个城市工作。
(
She has only two brothers.)
品味一“翻”
非限制性定语从句
构成：
+
,
+
关系词
先行词
She has
two brothers
, (
who
are working in the city).
+
其他部分
限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句
限制性定语从句是
先行词在意义上不可缺少
的定语
,
如果去掉
,
主句的意思就不完整或
失去意义。这种从句和主句的关系十分密切，
写时不用逗号分开。
限制性定语从句中作宾语
的关系代词常可省略。
如
:
Toronto is a city
(that) I' ve always wanted
to visit
.
多伦多是我常想去参观的一个城市。
2.
非限制性定语从句和主句关系不十分密切
,
只是
对先行词作些附加的说明
,
如果去掉
,
主句
的意思仍然清楚。这种从句和主句之间往往用
逗号分开
,
不用
that
引导。非限制性定语从句中
,
关系词不可省略
。如：
Rome,
which is the capital of Italy,
has a very
long history.
意大利的首都罗马历史非常悠久。
b) Yesterday I met Professor King,
who came from
the University of London.
昨天我遇见金教授
,
他从伦敦大学来的。
非限制性定语从句中关系词的指代关系
指人
指物
在定语从句中的作用
Who
Whom
Which
whose
√
√
主语
主语 宾语
定语
√
√
√
宾语
指代整个主句
关系副词
(where, when)
的指代关系
指地点
指时间
在定语从句中的作用
Where
When
√
√
时间状语
地点状语
that, why
不能在非限制性定语从句中使用。
tip
介词
+which
3.
大多数限制性和非限制性定语从句的先行词
往往为某一个词或短语
,
而有时非限制性
定语从句的先行词也可为整个主句
,
此时非
限制性定语从句常由
which
引导。
eg. A five-year-old boy can speak two foreign languages,
which surprises all the people present.
一个五岁的男孩会讲两门外语
,
令所有在场
的人感到非常惊讶。
关系代词
as
的用法
一、
as
引导限制性定语从句
主句中
the same, as, such, so
修饰先行词，
as
做关系代词在定语从句中做
主语
或
宾语
。
有“
如，似，正像
”的含义
主要结构有：
the same…as; such…as;
Don’t trust
such
men
as
praise you to your face. (
指人，作主语
）
We have arrived at
the same
conclusion
as
they have.
（
指物，作宾语
）
This is the same pen ______I lost yesterday.
A. as B. that
C.the one D. A&B
D
比较：
.
..the same pen
as
I lost.
... the same pen
that
I lost.
很像，不一定就是
就是我不见的那支笔
☆
the same … as
表示
同一类
人或物；
the same … that
指
同一个
人或物
二、引导非限制性定语从句
⑴
as
引导非限制性定语从句，
指代整个主句内容
，
从句
可置于句首
，
句中
或
句尾
As
everyone knows ,China is a beautiful country with
a long history .
The earth ,
as
we know , moves round the sun .
Tom works hard and is willing to help others,
as
we
all know.
⑵
非限制性定语从句中的谓语为被动式时，
常用
as
做
主语
be said /known/announced
/reported/mentioned
/expected/discussed
Grammar ,
as
has been said before, is not a set of dead rules.
As
is known to all , Taiwan is part of China .
注意
：
which
引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后。
Tom suddenly fell ill,
which
made us sad.
定语从句其他要点
1). This is the best film that I have ever read.
2).This is the first time that I have been in such a big dancing hall.
3).He is the only man that I want to see.
1
、独一无二
先行词被
the only, the very
修饰时
先行词被
形容词最高级
修饰时
先行词被
序数词
修饰时
一、只用
that
的情况
2
、不定代词
先行词
为
all, everything, nobody, little, much
等
不定代词
时
先行词
被
all, any, every, each, much, little, no, some, few
等
修饰
时
只用
that
的情况
4).
All the books that you offered has been given out.
5).
He told me everything that he knows.
6).
There is little that I can do for you.
句中已经有
who
或
which
时，为了避免重复时
3
、避免重复
只用
that
的情况
7). We talked about the persons and things that we remembered.
8). Which is the T-shirt that fits me most?
9). We talked about the persons and things that we remembered
.
4
、人物兼指
先行词即有
人
又有
物
时
1. Can you remember the scientist and his theory
______
we have learned?
2. This is the very dictionary
______
I want to buy.
5. The first place
______
they visited in London was the Big Ben.
4.
Which is the T-shirt
______
fits me most?
3. There seems to be nothing
______
seems impossible for him in the world.
Exercises:
在所给空格处填写适当的关系词：
二、只用
which
的情况
(1
)
在非限制性定语从句中。
(2)
在关系词前有介词时。备注：介词后也只能用
whom
不用
who
1. I borrowed the book Sherlock Holmes from the library last week
，
______my classmates recommended to me.
A. which B. that
2. Luckily, we’d bought a road map, without_________ we would have lost our way.
A. that B. which
以
the way
为先行词的限制性定语从句通常由
in which
或
that
引导，而且通常可以省略。
例：
The way (that / in which ) he answered the questions was surprising.
I don’t like the way (that / in which) you laugh at her.
三、
the way
作为先行词
总结
定语从句做题技巧：
确定从句并用括号括出；
看先行词是人是物；
确定先行词在定语从句中做的成分（主
/
宾
/
定
/
状）
确定关系词。
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1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Final winner !
1
：运气先攒着
2
：
+2
分
3
：
+5
分
4
：
+1
分
5
：
+9
分
6
：要加油哦！
7
：
+2
分
8
：祝你好运！
谢谢