- 608.10 KB
- 2021-04-16 发布
1
/24
2018
届 二轮复习
定语从句(高考真题为例)
2
/24
思维拓展
知识梳理
疑难点拨
3
/24
知识梳理
1.
功能:
在句中作定语,相当于形容词,修饰名词或代词。
2.
位置:
放在被修饰名词之后。
3.
先行词:
定语从句所修饰的名词为先行词。
(
1
)
先行词一般是名词和不定代词,
如
:some, any, every
和
no
与
body, thing
的合成词;或
all
,
none
,
any
,
some
,
that
,
those
等代词。数词也可以作先行词,人称代词也同样可作先行词。
(
2
)
先行词与关系词是对等关系。
必须注意两点:
①先行词在从句中作主语时,从句谓语动词的数由先行词决定。
He is the person who was praised by captain yesterday.
②
关系词在从句句子中充当了成分,其意思就是先行词的意义,所以在从句中不能重复其意。
They are the persons who the captain praised yesterday.
4.
关系词:
引导定语从句的词都叫关系词。
关系代词:
who, whom, which, that, whose, as
。
关系副词:
when, where, why
。
That
偶尔也作关系副词。
4
/24
疑难点拨
一、关系词的确定
1.
在定语从句中,当先行词指物时,下列情况的关系词宜用
that
而不用
which
。
(
1
)
先行词被形容词最高级,序数词,数词几种词修饰或被
only
,
any
,
few
,
little
,
no
,
all
,
one of
等修饰时。
(
2
)
先行词为
all
,
much
,
little
,
none
,
few
,
one
,
something
,
anything
等不定代词时。
(
3
)
先行词中既有人又有物时。
He often recalls the persons and things that he experienced in university.
(
4
)
先行词在主句中作表语或关系词在从句中作表语时。
The school is no longer the one that was 3 years ago.
(
5
)
当主句中含有疑问词
which
时。
Which are the problems that you told me last week?
5
/24
疑难点拨
一、关系词的确定
2.
关系词宜用
which
而不用
that
的情况。
(
1
)在非限制性定语从句中
(
2
)在关系词前有介词时
(
3
)当先行词本身是
that
时
(
4
)当关系词离先行词较远时
6
/24
疑难点拨
一、关系词的确定
3.
关系词
who
与
that
指人时,也有不同情况分别用不同的关系词。
(
1
)
当主句是
there be
句型时,关系词用
who
。
(
2
)
先行词是
anyone
,
those
,
someone
,
everyone
,
one
等词时,关系词用
who
。
(
3
)
当主句是
who
作疑问词时,关系词用
that
。
Who is the man that is talking with John?
(
4
)
whom
在从句中只作宾语,可被
who
取代。
whose
作关系词既指人又指物,在从句中作定语。
Do you know Mr. Black whose son is a doctor?
There is a room whose windows are broken.
7
/24
疑难点拨
一、关系词的确定
4.
关系代词
as
引导定语从句的用法。
(
1
)
先行词被
such
和
the same
修饰,
或句型
as many / much
中,从句都用
as
引导。注意区别:
①
such … that …
引导结果状语从句。
They are such lovely children that we love them much.
②
the same … that …
引导定语从句。
I want to use the same tool that you used just now.
(
2
)
无先行词的定语从句用
as
和
which
引导。
区别:
①
意义上:
as
含有“这点正如
……
一样”。
②
位置上:
as
从句可置句首,也可在其他位置。
8
/24
疑难点拨
一、关系词的确定
5.
关系副词
when
,
where
,
why
,
that
。
when
指时间
= in / at / on / during which
where
指地点
= in / at / from which
why
指原因
= for which
当先行词为
way
,
day
,
reason
,
time
时,可用
that
作关系副词。(非正式场合)
I dont like the way that / in which he talks.
当
time
作先行词时,关系词可以省掉。
This is the first time I have given you a lesson in French.
9
/24
疑难点拨
二、必须注意的几个问题
(
1
)定语从句中谓语的数。
(
2
)注意区别定语从句与强调句。
①
定语从句中关系词作从句成分,复合句。
②
强调
it
无意义,
that / who
不是引导词。
③
it is / was
和
that / who
后如果句子意思讲得通则是强调句,讲不通则不是。
It is the factory that we visited last year. (
强调句
)
It was in the shop that I met Jack.
(强调句)
10
/24
疑难点拨
二、必须注意的几个问题
(
3
)定语从句与同位语从句的区别。
①定语从句引导词被称为关系词,
that
充当主语、宾语、表语。有时可省略。
②同位语从句引导词被叫做连词,
that
不能充当任何成分,不可省。
We all know the fact that our manager has been to Beijing.(
同位语
)
This is the truth that everyone can understand. (
定语
)
(
4
)关系词在从句中省略的情况。
①关系词作宾语,前无介词时。
②关系词作表语。
(
5
)限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的翻译。
(
6
)关系词前有介词或复杂介词,关系词只能是
which
和
whom
。
11
/24
思维拓展
例
1
(08·福建)By nine o’clock, all the Olympic torch bearers had reached the top of Mount
Qomolangma
appeared
a rare rainbow soon
.
A. of which B. on which C. from which D. above which
此题关键是介词的确定,彩虹当然出现在山峰之上,故用介词
above
。
剖析
12
/24
例
2
(
08·
陕西)
The man pulled out a gold watch, ___were made of small diamonds.
A. the hands of whom B. whom the hands of
C. which the hands of D. the hands of which
表的手链是由小的钻石做成的。表所属关系。请参阅:
The man pulled out a gold watch, whose hands / the hands of which / of which the hands
were made of small diamonds.
剖析
思维拓展
13
/24
例
3
(
08·
重庆)
They will fly to Washington
,
___ they plan to stay for two or three days.
A. where
B. there
C. which
D. when
先行词
Washington
为地点,在定语从句中作状语。
剖析
思维拓展
14
/24
例
4
(
08·
江苏)
The Science Museum, ____ we visited during a recent trip to Britain, is one of London’s tourist attractions.
A. which
B. what
C. that
D. where
定语从句的谓语动词
visited
缺宾语,所以应该用关系代词,又此处为非限制性定语从句。
剖析
思维拓展
15
/24
例
5
(
08·
天津)
It was along the Mississippi River ____ Mark Twain spent much of his childhood.
A. how B. which
C. that D. where
本题并非考查定语从句,而是强调句型。
剖析
思维拓展
16
/24
例
6
(
08·
山东)
Occasions are quite rare ____I have the time to spend a day with my kids.
A. who B. which
C. why
D. when
本题考查隔离定语从句。先行词为
occasions
,为了避免主语过长,将其定语从句放到了谓语动词之后。而从句中不缺主干成分。
剖析
思维拓展
17
/24
例
7
(
08·
全国卷
Ⅱ
)
The road conditions there turned out to be very good, _____ was more than we could expect.
A. it B. what
C. which D. that
非限制性定语从句,关系代词所表示的意义为前一句话的内容。
剖析
思维拓展
18
/24
例
8
(
08·
全国卷
Ⅱ
)
It was in New Zealand _____ Elizabeth first met Mr. Smith.
A. that B. how
C. which D. when
本题并非考查定语从句,而是强调句型
。
剖析
思维拓展
19
/24
例
9
(
08·
湖南)
The growing speed of a plant is influenced by a number of factors, ______ are beyond our control.
A. most of them B. most of which
C. most of what D. most of that
非限制性定语从句,表示关系代词所表示的意义
为
先行词的一部分,又介词后应用
which
。
剖析
思维拓展
20
/24
例
10
(
08·
北京)
I’ll give you my friend’s home address, _____ I can be reached most evenings.
A. which B. when
C. whom D. where
非限制性定语从句,注意从句使用的被动语态,不缺主干成分,所以应用关系副词
where
。句意为:我给你我朋友的地址,大多数傍晚你可以在他家里找到我。
剖析
思维拓展
21
/24
谢 谢!
链接返回主页