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- 2021-04-16 发布
二轮复习形容词和副词学案
1.(2017·江苏高考卷)Only five years after Steve Jobs' death,smartphones defeated________ PCs in sales.
A.controversial B.contradictory
C.confidential D.conventional
D [句意:仅仅在史蒂夫·乔布斯去世五年后,智能手机的销售额就打败了传统的个人电脑。conventional“传统的”,符合句意。controversial“引起争论的”;contradictory“相互矛盾的”;confidential“机密的”。]
2.(2017·江苏高考卷)The disappearance of dinosaurs is not necessarily caused by astronomical incidents.But________ explanations are hard to find.
A.alternative B.aggressive
C.ambiguous D.apparent
A [句意:恐龙的灭绝不一定就是由天文事件引起的,但是很难找到其他的解释。alternative“可替代的,另外的”,符合句意。aggressive“好斗的,有进取心的”;ambiguous“模棱两可的”;apparent“明白的,显而易见的”。]
3.(2016·江苏高考卷)His comprehensive surveys have provided the most________ statements of how,and on what basis,data are collected.
A.explicit B.ambiguous
C.original D.arbitrary
A [句意:他全面的调查为如何收集、在什么基础上收集数据提供了最清楚明确的说明。explicit清楚明确的;ambiguous模棱两可的;original原始的,原创的,新颖的;arbitrary任意的,武断的,专横的。]
4.(2015·江苏高考卷)The police officers decided to conduct a thorough and________ review of the case.
A.comprehensive B.complicated
C.conscious D.crucial
A [句意:警官决定对该案件进行一次细致、详尽的审查。comprehensive详尽的,全面的,彻底的;complicated复杂的,难懂的;conscious慎重的,刻意的;crucial关键的,至关重要的。]
5.(2014·江苏高考卷)I can't meet you on Sunday.I'll be________ occupied.
A.also B.just
C.nevertheless D.otherwise
D [句意:星期天我不能去接你了,我要忙其他的事情。be otherwise occupied意为“忙其他的事情”。]
6.(2017·天津高考卷)—I want to see Mr.White.We have an appointment.
—I'm sorry,but he is not________ at the moment,for the meeting hasn't ended.
A.busy B.active
C.concerned D.available
D [句意:——我想见怀特先生。我们有预约。——对不起,但他这个时候没空,因为会议还没有结束。根据答句中的“the meeting hasn't ended”可知怀特先生没空,故选D。available在这里表示“(人)有空的”。]
形容词和副词的辨析主要是给出语境,让学生选择符合这种语境的形容词或副词。近几年考查的形容词和副词词义辨析主要有以下几种形式:
形容词:
1.“同缀”词的词义辨析,即相同词缀的形容词辨析。如:
①available(可用的,可以得到的) affordable(负担得起的)
acceptable(可接受的) valuable(有价值的)
②generous(慷慨的) curious(好奇的)
obvious(明显的) conscious(清醒的;有知觉的)
2.“无关联”词的词义辨析。如:
①awful(可怕的) essential(必要的)
impressive(印象深刻的) convenient(便利的,方便的)
②cautious(谨慎的) grateful(感激的)
tolerant(忍耐的) wild(狂野的)
③commercial(商业的) vital(重要的)
comparable(类似的,同类的) profitable(有利可图的)
④dramatic(戏剧性的) regional(地区的)
apparent(明显的) subtle(细微的)
⑤unchallenged(不成问题的) relevant(相关的)
controversial(有争议的) contradictory(矛盾的)
副词:
1.“同缀”词的词义辨析,主要是以ly为后缀的副词词义辨析。如:
①hopefully(有望) curiously(好奇地)
occasionally(偶尔) gradually(逐渐地)
②competitively(竞争地) recently(最近)
reasonably(合理地) affordably(付得起)
③especially(特别,尤其) equally(平等地)
naturally(自然地) normally(正常地)
④generally(普遍地,一般地) regularly(经常地,有规律地)
particularly(独特地,具体地) approximately(大约)
2.其他常见副词的词义辨析。如:
①thus(因此,从而) besides(此外,而且)
rather(宁可,宁愿) otherwise(否则)
②however(无论如何) therefore(因此)
instead(代替,相反) nevertheless(然而)
3.几个常见表示程度的副词与其他词的位置关系
a very/fairly good book
quite a good book
so/that good a book=such a good book
too difficult a task
I make $2,000 a week.60 surely won't make that big a difference to me.
我一周挣2 000美元,60美元对我而言当然没有那么大的影响。
1.(2017·南京、盐城高三一模)Shortly after the operation,the patient's immune system would reject the transplanted organ as a________ object.
A.fragile B.domestic
C.transparent D.foreign
D [句意:手术后不久,病人的免疫系统会把移植的器官当作外来物体进行排斥。fragile意为“易碎的,脆弱的”;domestic意为“驯养的,家务的”;transparent意为“透明的”;foreign意为“外国的,陌生的”,foreign object“异物,外来物体”。根据句意可知应选D项。]
2.(2017·镇江高三一模)More employers now offer fresh college graduates________jobs,hoping to seek out experienced candidates.
A.contemporary B.temporary
C.permanent D.primitive
B [句意:现在更多的雇主向应届大学毕业生提供临时工作,希望找到有经验的人选。contemporary 意为“同时代的”;temporary意为“临时的”;permanent意为“永久的”;primitive意为“原始的”。根据句意可知应选B项。]
3.(2017·南通、泰州高三一模)Thanks to the efforts of the last three years,there has been a________ change in the infrastructure construction of our city.
A.tentative B.confidential
C.fundamental D.conventional
C [句意:多亏了过去三年的努力,我们的城市在基础设施建设方面已经发生了十分重大的变化。fundamental意为“十分重大的,基础的,根本的”,符合语境。tentative意为“踌躇的”;confidential意为“机密的,隐密的”;conventional意为“传统的,依照惯例的”。]
4.(2017·南京、盐城高三二模)—Iris is always kind and________ to the suffering of others.
—No wonder she chooses to be a relief worker.
A.allergic B.immune
C.relevant D.sensitive
D [句意:——Iris总是很善良并且能体恤别人的痛苦。——难怪她选择当一名救援工作者。allergic“讨厌的,过敏的”;immune“免疫的”;relevant“相关的”;sensitive“体恤的,敏感的”。]
5.(2017·扬、泰、通、淮、宿、徐高三二模)In contrast with the liberal social climate of the present,traditions in the past were relatively________.
A.competitive B.comprehensive
C.creative D.conservative
D [句意:与目前自由的社会风气相比,过去的传统相对比较保守。competitive 意为“竞争的,有竞争力的”;comprehensive 意为“综合的,全面的”;creative意为“创造性的,有创造力的”;conservative 意为“保守的”。根据句意可知,选D项。]
6.(2017·南京高三三模)—Why can't John land a________ job in years?
—Anyone with criminal records will be laid off first when it comes time to let staff go.
A.rewarding B.demanding
C.worthwhile D.stable
D [句意:——John为什么多年来找不到一份稳定的工作?——任何有犯罪记录的人在裁员时都会被先解雇的。rewarding“报酬高的,有益的”;demanding“要求高的,苛刻的”;worthwhile“值得做的,重要的”;stable“稳定的”。]
7.(2017·盐城市高三三模)The sum total of housework should be divided,according to household needs,and be assigned to members,________ with their will and skill.
A.concerned B.familiar
C.consistent D.associated
C [句意:全部家务活应该根据家庭的需要分配给家庭成员,并要和他们的意愿和能力相符。(be)concerned with“关注”;(be)familiar with“对……熟悉”;(be)consistent with“与……相符、一致”;(be)associated with“与……有关”。根据句意可知选C项。]
8.(2017·通、扬、泰、淮高三三模)There are no________ proposals to reduce the road accidents.We are still seeking inspiration.
A.contradictory B.concrete
C.confidential D.controversial
B [句意:我们还没有减少交通事故的具体建议,仍在寻找灵感。contradictory“矛盾的,抵触的”;concrete“实在的,具体的”;confidential“机密的”;controversial“有争议的,有争论的”。根据句意可知,空格处用形容词concrete。]
9.(2017·无锡高三一模)—Why didn't you go with us to the movie Star Trek Beyond?
—I would love to have,but I was________ engaged.
A.else B.otherwise
C.somehow D.anyhow
B [句意:——你为什么不和我们一起去看电影《星际迷航3:超越星辰》呢?——我很想去,但是我正忙着别的事情。根据句意可知,此处表示“另外,在其他方面”,所以要用otherwise。else“别的”;somehow“以某种方法”;anyhow“总之,无论如何”。]
10.(2017·苏锡常镇高三二模 )Men are anxious to improve their circumstances,but are unwilling to improve themselves;________, they remain trapped.
A.besides B.therefore
C.however D.instead
B [句意:人们希望改善自己的环境,但是不愿意去提高自身,因此,他们仍然被困于原地。前后句之间是因果关系,所以用副词therefore,意为“因而,因此”。besides意为“此外”;however意为“但是,不过”;instead意为“相反,反而”。]