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- 2021-04-15 发布
2020
届二轮复习 非谓语动词 【过去分词专题】
Grammar
过去分词知识总结
I
过去分词的形式
II
过去分词的用法
构成形式
“动词原形
+ed”
规则形式
:
e.g.
open → love → study → stop →
不规则形式：
e.g.
cost → bend → keep → fight → break → rise → swim →
★
过去分词没有时态和语态的变化
I
过去分词的构成形式
opened
loved
studied
stopped
cost
bent
kept
fought
broken
risen
swum
II
过去分词的性质
过去分词既有
动词
性质，也有
形容词
和
副词
性质
1)
动词性质表现为
:
可以有自己的状语并组成过去分词短语。
He likes to read the books
written by
Lu Xun
.(
过去分词短语
)
★
2)
形容词和副词性质表现为：过去分词（短语）在句中可作
定语
、
表语
、
状语
、
补足语
等。
译：他喜欢读
鲁迅写的
书。
★
III
过去分词的用法
过去分词（短语）作定语
We should pay attention to our
spoken English
.
单个过去分词作定语常放在它所修饰的名词之
前
,
和它所修饰的名词存在动宾
(
被动
)
关系。
This is one of the
schools
built in 1980
.
过去分词短语常放在它所修饰的名词之后，与
被修饰的名词之间存在动宾关系，相当于一个
定语从句，但是更简洁。
= This is one of the
schools
which were built in 1980
.
习题：
— I ’m very thirsty.
— You’d better drink some ___ water.
A. boiling B. boil C. boiled D. to be boiled
析
C
①
单个分词作定语放在所修饰的名词之前。
②现在分词表明动作正在进行，过去分词表明动作已经完成
。
A. held B. to be held
C. holding D. being holding
析
①
过去分词短语做定语放在所修饰名词
(
词组
)
之后，与其所修饰的名词
(
词组是
)
动宾关系
,
且动作已经完成。
译
:
公元前
776
年举行的奥运会只持续了一天。
2)The Olympic Games __ in 776 B.C. lasted for only one day.
A
析
①
过去分词
invited
作定语修饰指示代词
those,
意为
“
被邀请的那些人
”
,
两者是动宾（被动）关系。
those invited = those people who have been invited
②
单个过去分词作定语需放在所修饰的名词之前
,
但是
something
、
anything
、
nobody
、
nothing
、
those
等代词的定语需后置。
3.
Please don’t forget him. He is one of ___.
A. those invited B. invited those
C. those inviting D. inviting those
A
过去分词（短语）
作表语
过去分词（短语）用在系动词之后作表语，和句子主语之间存在动宾关系。
The children
were
satisfied
with his explanation
.
She
looked
worried
.
译：孩子们对他的解释感到满意。
译：她看起来很焦急。
1. The rooms are ____, so you can’t move in.
A. painted B. painting
C. being painted D. to be painted
2. As soon as he entered the city, he ____.
A. was losing B. got losing
C. lost D. got lost
3. What he has done is really ____.Now his parents
are _____ him.
A. disappointing; disappointed at
B. disappointing; disappointed about
C. disappointing; disappointed with
D. disappointed; disappointing by
C
C
D
(
e.g.
get hurt get excited
get pleased
)
习题：
This river
is polluted
.
（过去分词作表语，表状态）
译：这条河被污染了
This river was
polluted
by the chemical plant
.
（过去分词构成被动语态，表动作）
译：这条河是被那家化工厂给污染的。
★
过去分词作表语和被动语态的区别：
The windows are closed
.
译：窗户是关着的。
The windows were closed by Jack.
译：窗户是被杰克关起来的
过去分词作表语，表状态，相当于一个形容词；在被动语态中，过去分词表动作，常由
by
引出动作的发出者。
过去分词（短语）
作宾语补足语
I found
the small town
changed
a lot
.(
表动作已完成
)
He wants
the letter
typed
right away
.(
动宾关系
)
We must get
our homework
finished
on
time.
(
动宾关系
)
过去分词（短语）在句子中作宾语补足语表示动作已完成，
或和宾语存在动宾关系。这类句子的谓语动词通常是表示
“感知”（如
see, hear, feel, watch, notice, find
等
)
、
“
意愿
”
（如
want, wish, expect,
等
)
的动词，
或是使役动词
（如
make, have, keep
等）。
习题：
1.We saw
the thief
_________ (catch) by the police.
caught
译：我看见那个小偷被警察抓住了。
（过去分词短语作宾语补足语，表被动。
)
2. I saw
him
_________ (get on ) the bus .
getting on
译：我看见他正在上车。
（现在分词短语作宾语补足语，表主动。动作正在进行。）
3. I will have/get
my hair
______ (cut) tomorrow.
cut
译：我准备明天理发。
(
过去分词作宾补，表被动。
)
过去分词（短语）
作状语
过去分词（短语）作状语，修饰谓语，常常表示时间、条件、原因、让步、伴随情况等，相当于对应的状语从句。它和主句的主语存在动宾关系。
a
、
表示时间
Seen
from space,
the earth
looks blue.
When it is
seen from space, the earth looks blue.
b
、表示条件
Kept in refrigerator, these vegetables will remain
fresh
.
If they are
kept in refrigerator, these vegetables will remain fresh
.
c
、
表示
原因
d
、
表示伴随情况
e
、表示让步
Deeply
moved
by the movie,
the girls
began to cry.
As they were
deeply moved by the movie, the girls began to cry.
She
walked out of the house,
followed
by her daughter.
She walked out of the house,
and
was followed by her
daughter.
Beaten
by the enemy,
he
refused to let out the secret.
Although he was
beaten by the enemy, he refused to
let out the secret.
1._____ a reply, he decided to write again.
A. Not receiving B. Receiving not
C. Not having received D. Having not received
C
2.
____in her new skirt ,she tried to make herself ____at the party .
A. Dressed; noticed B. Dressing; noticed
C. Dressed; noticing D. Dressing; being noticing
3. ____ better attention , the vegetables could have grown better
A. Giving B. Given C. Give D. To give
B
(he
和
receive
是主谓关系，且
receive
先于
decide
之前发生。
)
A
4. Unless ___ to speak, you should remain silent at the conference.
A. invited B. inviting
C. being invited D. having invited
A
5.____ by his teachers, he has made great progress in his lesson.
A. Helping B. To help
C. Help D. Helped
D
6. ____his telephone number, she had some difficulty getting
in touch with Bill.
Knowing not B. Not known
C. Not knowing D. Not know
C
8. The old man walked in the street, ____.
A. following his son B. followed his son
C. and following his son D. following by his son
A
9. ___ a white sweater, she looks much more beautiful.
Dressing B. wearing
C. Dressed D. Having dressed
B
10. ___, the little boy is living a happy life.
Taking good care B. Taken good care
C. Having taken good care D. Taken good care of
D
That's all, goodbye!