2019届二轮复习时态和语态中的错误课件（57张） 57页

时态和语态中 的 错误 2019 届二轮复习 真题再练 1. (2017 全国 Ⅰ 卷 )Before getting into the car, I thought I had learned the instructor’s orders, but once I started the car, my mind goes blank. I forgot what he had said to me altogether. 全文都是用一般过去时讲述，故所有谓语动词皆用一般过去时，所以把 goes 改成 went 。 went 上下文时态一致 2. (2017 全国 Ⅰ 卷 ) The instructor kept repeating the words, “Speed up!” “Slow down!” “Turning left!” 根据前面两个教练发出的指令可知，这三个属于并列结构，都是祈使句，用动词原形，所以将 Turning 改成 Turn ，跟前面的 Speed up 和 Slow down 并列。 Turn 考查 并列一致 或 祈使句句型 3. (2017 全国 Ⅱ 卷 ) They often get up early and water the vegetables together… Besides, they often get some useful information from the Internet. When summer came, they will invite their students to pick the fresh vegetables! 整篇文章以一般现在时为主。 主句谓语动词为一般将来时， when 引导的时间状语从句的谓语动词用一般现在时。 comes 上下文时态一致 4. (2017 全国 Ⅲ 卷 ) I had grown not only physically, but also mentally in the past few years. 由该句子的时间状语 in the past few years 可知，应用现在完成时，故改为 have 。 have 5. (2017 全国 Ⅲ 卷 ) About one month after this photo was taken, I entered my second year of high school and become a new member of the school music club. 与上下文保持一致，用一般过去时，故改为 became 。 became 并列一致 6. (2016 全国 Ⅰ 卷 ) It is always crowded with customers at meal times. Some people even had to wait outside. My uncle tells me that… 上文 is 和下文 tells 用的都是一般现在时，故 had 也应改用一般现在时 have ，前后才时态一致。 have ？ 上下文时态一致 7. (2016 全国 Ⅰ 卷 ) Every day he makes sure that fresh vegetables and high quality oil are using for cooking. 因“蔬菜和油”与“使用”是被动关系，所以用被动语态；另外， be used for doing sth. (=be used to do sth.) 为固定搭配，意为“被用来做某事”。 used 语态 8. (2016 全国 Ⅱ 卷 ) Some classmates suggest… I thought that it is a good idea. It does not cost… 由上文 suggest 和下文 does not cost 的时态可知，用一般现在时，故改成 think 。 think ？ 上下文时态一致 9. (2016 全国 Ⅱ 卷 ) We can chose between staying at home and taking a trip. 因 can 为情态动词，其后要求接动词原形，故改 chose 为 choose 。 choose 情态动词 + 动词原形 ？ 10. (2016 全国 Ⅱ 卷 ) Some classmates suggest we can go to places of interest nearby. 因 we can go to… 是 suggest ( 建议 ) 的宾语从句，从句谓语要用虚拟语气，即“ should+ 动词原形”，其中 should 可以省略。故可将 can 改成 should, 也可去掉 can 。 should 虚拟语气 ( 坚持、命令、建议、要求 ) 11. (2016 全国 Ⅲ 卷 ) At first, I thought I knew… my parents didn’t seem… They always tell me what to do…I ever felt… 上两句谓语动词 thought, knew, didn’t seem 和下句谓语动词 felt 都是用一般过去时，故此处也应用一般过去时，才前后时态一致。 told ？ 上下文时态一致 12. (2015 全国 I 卷 ) When I was a child, I hoped to live in the city. I think I would be happy there. 指小时候“想”，用一般过去时，改后才与 was, hoped 时态一致。 thought ？ 上下文时态一致 13. (2015 全国 I 卷 ) Lots of studies have been shown that global warming has already become a very serious problem. 因“研究”与“表明”是主动关系。 语态 14. (2015 全国 I 卷 ) We must found ways to protect the environment. 在情态动词 (must) 后用动词原形。 find ？ 情态动词 + 动词原形 15. (2015 全国 II 卷 ) A woman saw him crying and telling him to wait outside the shop. 与前面的 saw 是并列谓语，用 told 。注意：考生易误以为 telling 与 crying 并列，如果这样，意思是讲不通的。 told ？ 并列一致 16. (2015 全国 II 卷 ) Tony was scared and begun to cry. 因 begin 的过去式是 began 。考生易受 and 前面部分影响，以为也要跟 scared 一样用过去分词构成被动语态，其实，“托尼”与“开始哭”是主动关系。 began ？ 并列一致 17. (2014 全国 II 卷 ) My dream school starts at 8: 30 a. m. and ends at 3: 30 p. m. There are three lessons in the morning and two in the afternoon. We didn’t need to do so much homework. 据上文动词时态可知，要用一般现在时。 don’t ？ 上下文时态一致 18. (2014 全国 II 卷 ) We can lie on the grass for a rest, or sat by the lake listening to music. 与 or 前的 lie 并列， sit 也用原形。 sit ？ 并列一致 19. (2014 全国 II 卷 ) My dream school look like a big garden. There are all kinds of flowers and … We can lie on the grass…The teachers here are kind…They are not only our teachers… looks 一般现在时，主语 My dream school 是第三人称单数，谓语动词要加 s 。 ？ 主谓一致 20.(2013 全国 I 卷 ) She used to hold me on her knees and sing old songs. I was only four when she passes away. 由主句时态可知，用一般过去时。 passed ？ 上下文时态一致 21. (2017 全国 Ⅲ 卷 ) About one month after this photo was took, I entered my second year of high school and became a new member of the school music club. “照片”与“拍下”是被动关系，应用被动语态；被动语态由“ be+ 过去分词”构成； take 的过去分词为 taken ，故将 took 改为 taken 。 taken 语态 22. (2013 全国 II 卷 ) Tea in China was traditionally drank from cups without handles. 构成被动语态，用过去分词。 drunk 语态 23.(2012 全国课标卷 ) But before long, they began to see what was happening. When I tear apart my fifth birthday toy train, my father said, “That’s it. No more toys for you.” 上下文谓语动词的时态都是用一般过去时。 tore 上下文时态一致 24. (2012 全国课标卷 ) My punishment lasted a year. Meanwhile, I found out that with more patience, I must make my toys last. 更有耐心 , 才 “ 可以 ” 让玩具持续更久。 could /might 情态动词的语气 25.(2011 全国课标卷 ) When I finally arrived at my friend’s he lent me lots of clothes. I feel very happy that I could change my clothes at last. 上文谓语动词都是用一般过去时，而 feel 却用一般现在时，时态不一致。 felt 上下文时态一致 26. (2011 全国课标卷 ) Luckily, I had all my money in my pocket, but the only clothes I had was those I had on. 句中 (that) I had 是定语从句，主句主语是 clothes ，为复数，故 was 改用 were 才主谓一致。 were ( ) 主谓一致 思路点拨 短文一般含 6~10 句话，对每句话的谓语一定都要仔细研究。可按以下线索去思考： 1. 查时态是否一致。 遇到某个谓语动词的时态与上下文的时态不一致时，十有八九是出错了，需仔细审查。如［真题再练］第 12 题，前面两个动词 was, hoped 和后面的 would 都是过去式，而 think 却用一般现在时，不一致，就很可能错了，需重点核实。 2. 查语态是否正确。 当主语是谓语动词的动作的承受者时，即谓语与主语在逻辑上有动宾关系时，要用被动语态。被动语态由 “ be+ 过去分词”构成。［真题再练］第 7 、 13 、 21 题即考查语态。 (1) 查该用主动还是被动。如果是主动语态，句中有行为动词时，不能再用 be 。如［真题再练］第 13 题，“研究”与“表明”是主动关系，已有行为动词 show 了，就不能再用 be ，故删除 been 。 (2) 如果要用被动语态，看是否漏掉 be ；同时注意 be 的时态是否正确，主谓是否一致，过去分词拼写是否正确 ( 常误写成过去式或原形 ) 。如［真题再练］第 21 题，就是误写成过去式。 3. 查并列动词的形式是否一致。 在 A and /or B 或 A, B and C 这类结构中， A, B, C 的形式应一致，关键是要找准谁跟谁并列，不要找错对象，尤其当句子有谓语动词又有非谓语动词时更应注意。如［真题再练］第 5 、 15 、 16 、 18 题。 4. 查主谓是否一致。 有时虽然前后时态是一致的，但主谓不一致。如［真题再练］第 19 题。 5. 查情态动词是否用错。 若有情态动词，首先根据语境体会句子所表达的语气与情态，判断是否用错了情态动词。如［真题再练］第 23 题，“我明白了，有了耐心，我就一定让我的玩具用得更久”，玩具是否用得久，还受本身的质量或其他因素的影响，用“一定 (must)” 语气太强了，改用“可能 (could)” 更好。另外，情态动词有三大特征： (1) 后面一定要接动词原形，并与之一起构成谓语。 (2) 没有人称和数的变化。 (3) 其疑问式是将情态动词放到主语前，否定式是在情态动词后加 not 。 因此，我们还要考虑作者是否因不懂情态动词的基本用法而用错了。如［真题再练］第 9 、 14 题，分别在 can 接了过去式 chose ，在 must 后接了过去式 found ，应改为原形 choose 、 find 。 6. 虚拟语气。 如［真题再练］第 10 题。 考点归纳 谓语动词的错误不仅每年必考，而且考得最多，每套题中平均有两处错。到目前为止，仅考查了以下 8 点： 1. 前后谓语动词的时态不一致。 2. 主动语态中已有行为动词时却多用了 be 。 3. 被动语态中或者完成时态中，过去分词拼写错误。如： A little girl was hurted and her mother needed help. (2009 大纲卷 II) 解析 ： “小女孩被弄伤”，用被动语态是对的，但 hurt 的过去式、过去分词与原形是相同的，即 hurt—hurt—hurt ，故 hurted 错了，应改为 hurt 。 hurt Since then we haven’t see each other much. But we’ve kept writing to each other. (2007 全国课标卷 ) 解析： 由 since then ( 自那时起到现在 ) 可知，用现在完成时是正确的，但现在完成时由“ have+ 过去分词”构成，故 see 错了，要改为 seen 。 seen 4. 并列谓语的时态形式应该一致却没有一致。 5. 主语与谓语在人称和数方面应该一致却没有一致。 6. 情态动词后本应接动词原形却接了过去式，或者根本没有动词。如： So real friendship should able to stand all sorts of tests. (2014 全国大纲卷 ) 解析： should 是情态动词，后面一定要跟动词原形，而 able 是形容词，故应加 be ，构成 be able to( 能够 ) 。 be 7. 虚拟语气。 如： My father was so pleased that he suggested I went to England for a holiday. (2008 大纲 Ⅰ 卷 ) 解析： 因表示“提议，建议”的 suggest 后的宾语从句的谓语动词要用“ (should +) do”, 所以 went 要改为 go 。 go 8. 命题人有时也会利用某些动词的过去式与过去分词拼写相同，将一般过去时故意误写成现在完成时，要求考生删除 have 或 has 。如： Li Ming came to see me every day. Then his father has changed jobs and they moved to another city. (2007 全国课标卷 ) 解析： 由后面的并列句中的 moved 可知， change 也应用一般过去时，故删除 changed 前的 has 。 注意： 时态只需注意前后一致，且只需注意现在时与过去时即可。 考点练透 1. (2010 全国课标卷 )One day he was having a yard sale and the old man living next door come by to help. As the old man looked… 上下文都是用一般过去时，这里也改为一般过去时才一致。 came 2. (2009 全国课标卷 ) I remember asking for a room as far away from the lifts as possible and they find me a comfortable one on the second floor. 由语境可知，是 “ 找到 ” 了。 found 3. (2008 全国课标卷 )We were organizing an art exhibition for high school students in the city. It will be held on the 9th of July in the Exhibition Hall of Beihai. More than 1,000 paintings will be on show. 由上下文可知，是指现在正在组织艺展。 are 4. (2007 全国课标卷 ) Then I invited Li Ming to my place. We listen to my CDs together and soon became best friends. 前后都是用一般过去时。 listened 5. (2014 大纲卷 ) All of us need friendship. The understanding between two friends mean both of them have similar ideas … 主语是 The understanding( 第三人称单数 ) 。 means 6. (2013 大纲卷 )At home, my father often thinks I’m silly. He said if I decide to do something, it takes him much time to stop me. 上下文谓语动词都用一般现在时。 says 7. (2012 大纲卷 II) Water is important. We cannot live without water… Yet it seemed water is becoming less and less. 上下文都用一般现在时 seems 8. (2011 大纲卷 I) I hold my lunch- box in my hand when I was going to school. The smell from it was very good. 讲述过去的事情 held 9. (2011 大纲卷 II) However, my father had to return to work on Monday so we fly back last Saturday afternoon. It was really a nice experience. 前后谓语都使用一般过去时，时态应该保持一致。 flew 10. (2010 大纲卷 I) It was …All I had to do was … My teachers have been telling me how great my writing was. 前后都是用过去时 ( 一般过去时 ) ，而这里却用现在时 ( 现在完成进行时 ) 。 had 11. (2010 大纲卷 II) I prepared … She said it was the best gift she has ever had. 上下文的谓语动词都是用过去时，而这里变成现在时 ( 现在完成时 ) 。 had 12. (2010 大纲卷 II) Christie was one of my best friends at high school. At that time, we often spend time together. 上下文谓语动词的时态都是一般过去时。 spent 13. (2009 大纲卷 II) I’m sorry that I wasn’t able to return your bike on time yesterday. I mean to give it back to you before four in the afternoon, but I was held up on my way back. 由上文 yesterday 及与之并列的 was held 可知，是对昨天情况的回顾，故用一般过去时，指昨天“本打算”。 meant 14. (2008 大纲卷 I) I win a national prize for painting last week. 与 last week 连用，用一般过去时。 15. (2008 大纲卷 II) Second, I will learn … Third, since I was familiar with Beijing, I can help visitors find their way in the city. 由上下文的谓语动词可知，要用现在时。 won am 16. (2007 大纲卷 I) I was only about six when he held his hand out to me. I took it in mine and we walked. Then I ask him, “Grandpa, how come you have so many lines on your hand?” 上文动词是一般过去时，回忆六岁时发生的事。 asked THANK YOU!