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- 2021-04-15 发布
2020
届二轮复习
虚拟语气
含义
动 词 形 式
与事实
相反
If
从 句
过去
现在
将来
主 句
did/were
had+done
did/were
were to+do
should+do
would/should/
could/might+
do
would/should/
could/might+
have done
1.虚拟条件句
3
4
1 If someone
gave
you a valuable painting as a present, what
would
you
do
with it?
2 If you
became
the head of the United Nations, what
would
you
do
first?
3 If you
travelled
anywhere in the world,where
would
you
go
and what
would
you
do
?
(the present)
5
4
1 If someone
had given
you a valuable painting as a present, what
would
you
have done
with it?
2 If you had
become
the head of the United Nations, what
would
you
have done
first?
3 If you
had travelled
anywhere in the world,where
would
you
have gone
and what
would
you
have done
?
(the past)
5
1 If someone
gave
you a valuable painting as a present, what
would
you
do
with it?
2 If you
were to
become
the head of the United Nations, what
would
you
do
first?
3 If you
should
travel anywhere in the world,where
would
you
go
and what
would
you
do
?
(the future)
5
省略
if
的倒装句
e.g. 1.If they were here, they would help us.
如果从句中有
were，should，had
等词， 可省略
if，
并把
were，should，had
放句首进行倒装。
2. If you had come earlier, nothing would have happened.
Were they here, they would help us.
Had you come earlier, nothing would have happened.
3. If they should be here tomorrow, they would help us.
Should they be here tomorrow, they would help us.
省略
if
的倒装句
注意：
1
条件句中必须有
should, were
或者
had
才能省略。
2
倒装之后用一般疑问句来检验。
假如他那是时不是个党员，他就不会就那个男孩了。（用省略
if
的倒装句）
Had he
not
been a Party member, he wouldn’t have saved the boy.
3
否定词
not
只能留在助于后面，不能移到主语前面。
含蓄条件句的虚拟语气
假设情况不以
if
条件句表现出来，而是通过某个介词或介词短语，不定式表现出来。如
without, but for, but, otherwise, because, or
等。
含蓄条件句的虚拟语气
If I had not lost her phone number, I would have rung her up.
(
用
otherwise, but
和
or
分别造句
)
I lost her phone number. Otherwise, I would have rung her up.
I would have rung her up but I lost her phone number.
I lost her phone number or I would have rung her up.
含蓄条件句的虚拟语气
要不是有。。。
(but for, without, if it were not for, if it had not been for)
If you had not helped me, I would not have the chance to go to school.
Without / but for your help, I would not have the chance to go to school.
含蓄条件句的虚拟语气
If it had not been for your help,
I would not have the chance to go to school.
But for your help, I would not have the chance to go to school.
If it were not for his presence now, I would punish you.
But for his presence, I would punish you.
If it had not been for his presence yesterday, I would have punished you.
But for his presence yesterday, I would have punished you.
错综条件句是指条件从句中的动作和主句的动作发生的时间不一致。动词的虚拟形式要根据时间做出相应的调整.
e.g. If she hadn’t studied hard, she wouldn’t speak English so well.
If he __ his legs yesterday, he __ with us now.
A.hadn’t hurt ; would go
B.hadn’t hurt; would have gone
C.didn’t hurt; would go
D.didn’t hurt; would have gone
√
错综时间条件句
17
19
21
含义
动 词 形 式
例句
I wish you had
told me earlier.
Did / were
Had done
对现状
表达愿望
would/
could/might
+
do
对过去表示
遗憾/后悔
对将来
表达愿望
I wish I had a
little lab of my
own.
I wish he could
come tomorrow.
2.wish
后的宾语从句
= if only
注意：
1 wish
后面跟的宾语从句一定要用虚拟语气。
2 hope
没有虚拟语气
可以说
hope that… / hope to do…,
但是不能说
hope sb to do
3
以下情况是可以实现的：
wish sb to do, wish sb sth
I wish you to be a scientist.
We wish you a merry Christmas.
含义
动 词 形 式
例句
It appeared as if nothing
had happened
.
Did / were
Have done
现在
would/
could/might
+
do
过去
将来
He looks
as if he
knew
the little girl.
The man looked worried, as if something bad
would happen
.
3.as if / as though
后的表语或状语从句
(与
wish
相同)
含义
动 词 形 式
例句
did
Had done
现在
过去
将来
I would rather he
took
me over the
crossing.
I would rather you
hadn’t told
me the
truth.
4.would rather
后的宾语从句
(宁愿……)
5.
动词形式为(
should)+do
的虚拟
表示命令/建议/要求的词所带的从句
记住以下动词以及他们的名词。
建议：
suggest / recommand / advise / propose
要求：
require / request / demand / ask / desire
命令：
order / command/
坚持：
insist
不过是动词还是名词，不过是主动还是被动，后面带的不管是主语从句， 宾语从句， 表语从句还是同位语从句， 都要用
should do
5.
动词形式为(
should)+do
的虚拟
My suggestion is that we
should
listen
to his opinion first.
It is suggested that we should listen to his opinion first
My suggestion that we should listen to his opinion first is being discussed.
注意当
insist—
硬说，
suggest—
表明， 不能有虚拟语气。
5.
动词形式为(
should)+do
的虚拟
2.
It’s + adj.+that
的主语从句
(
adj: necessary / essential/ important / natural / strange / possible / impossible
eg. It is important that we
should
attend the meeting.
It’s a pity that
可以用虚拟，也可以不用。
3.
It’s
(high / about )
time+that
从句
+
sb should do / sb did
(该是做……时候)
eg. It is time that we
should stop
work and go home.
It is time that we
stopped
work and
went
home.
注意:
should
不能省略;
动词也可用过去式
6.
虚拟语气表示祝愿
Long
live
Chairman Mao!
God
bless
you!
May
you
have
a long and happy life!
Wish you
a happy birthday
!
注意:动词用原形,后边用!
may+
人+
do!
wish +
人+名词!
7.
其他句型
Had thought / hoped / expected that +
过去时间
I had hoped that you could win the match yesterday but you didn’t.
对过去的猜测
肯定
must have done
否定
can / could not have done
可能
may / might have done
本应该做（实际没有做，有责备意思）
Should have done
Shouldn’t have done
本来有必要作（实际没有做，不含责备意思）
Need have done
Needn't have done
Practice
1.
If I ______ (know) her address, I would write to her.
2. What would you have done if you __________(miss) the train?
3. If he ___________ (not be ill ), he would have done something.
4. If it ________________________(snow) tomorrow, we ____________(get up) early.
5.
If you had asked him yesterday, you __________ (know) what to do now.
knew
had missed
had not been ill
were to /should snow/ snowed
should get up
would know
snows
will get up
18
判断以下句子是不是正确的虚拟语气：
If we could finish our work earlier
we shall go to the cinema.
2.
The doctor suggests that she will not smoke.
3.
I wish that it is true.
4.
Had you put on more clothes, you would not catch a cold.
shall
改成
should
will not
改成
(
should ) not
is
改成
were
would not catch
改成
would not have caught
Translation 1
用
if
条件句
如果他现在知道这消息，他就会合我争吵的。（事实上，他现在不知道这消息。）
假如他过去读过这本小说，他早就讲给我们听这个故事了。
假如他明天来这里，他就会帮助我们了。（事实上，他明天不来。用三种形式。）
If he knew the news now, he would quarrel with me.
If he had read the novel, he would have told us that story.
If he came here tomorrow, he would help us.
If he should come heretomorrow, he …
If he were to come here tomorrow, he…
Translation 2 I wish / if only
要是他昨天已来这里就好了。
/
但愿他昨天已来这里。
要是他现在已在这里就好了。
/
但愿他现在已在这里。
要是他明天会来这里就好了。
/
但愿他明天会来这里。
I wish that he had come here yesterday. / If only he had come here yesterday.
I wish that he were here now. / If only he were here now.
I wish that he would come here tomorrow. / If only he would come here tomorrow.
Translation 3
用
if
条件句的省略式
假如他过去读过这本小说，他早就讲给我们听这个故事了。
假如他明天来这里，他就会帮助我们了。（他明天不来。用两种形式。）
Had he read the novel, he would have told us that story.
Should he come here tomorrow, he would help us.
Were he to come here tomorrow, he would help us.
Translation 4
含蓄条件句
:
假如没有水和空气，人类就不可能生存。
(without)
要不是有有你的帮助，我昨天就不能完成这项工作。
(
造两句，一句用
but for
， 另一句
if
条件句
)
错综时间条件句
:
假如你中午吃过饭，你现在就不会那么饿。
Without water or air, man couldn’t live.
But for your help, I wouldn’t have finished the work yesterday.
If it had not been for your help, I wouldn’t have finished the work yesterday.
If you had eaten lunch, you wouldn’t be so hungry now.
Translation 5
他现在走得很慢，好像生病似的。（
as if
）
他那时走得很慢，好像生病似的。 （
as if
）
我宁可他马上走开。（
would rather
）
我宁可他昨天就离开这里。（
would rather
）
He walks slowly as if he were ill.
He walked slowly as if he had been ill.
I would rather he went away at once.
I would he had left yesterday.
Translation 6
我们马上离开的建议被忽略了。
奇怪的是
Tom
明天也去那里。
是时候该回家了。
祝你好运！
我本来期待你和你的女朋友今天早晨一起来的。
My advice that we should leave right away is being ignored.
It is strange that Tom go there tomorrow, too.
It is (high) time that we went home. / It is (high) time that we should go home.
Wish you good luck!
I had expected that you came here together with your girl-friend this morning.