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- 2021-04-14 发布
第五讲 状语从句
第一课时 知识过关课
1
．在时间状语或条件状语从句中，通常用一般现在时代替一般将来时，用现在完成时代替将来完成时。
2
．辨析：
when
，
while
，
as
引导时间状语从句。
while
必须与延续性动词连用，强调主句动作延续到从句所指的整个时间时，只能用
while
；表示
“
随着
”
只能用
as
；表示有规律的
“
每当
”
时或主句动作与从句动作有先后时，只能用
when
。
3
．辨析：
because
，
since
，
as
引导原因状语从句。
because
语气最强，表示直接的原因，是说话人认为对方不知道的原因，它引导的从句通常位于主句之后；在回答
why
时，或者在强调结构中，只能用
because
。
since
和
as
是对大家已知的事实提供理由或背景，它们引导的从句多位于主句前，有时也位于主句后。
4
．
as
引导让步状语从句时，从句中的状语、表语或动词必须置于句首；
though
引导让步状语从句时，这些成分可置于句首也可用正常语序；但
although
等其他词引导的让步状语从句不能将这些成分前置。
5
．表示
“
虽然
”
的连词
though/although
不能与表示
“
但是
”
的连词
but
连用；表示
“
原因
”
的
because
等连词不可与表示结果的连词
so
等同时使用。
读语篇，悟语法。反复朗读下列短文，领悟画线黑体部分。思考：有多少种状语从句？下面的状语从句各属于哪一种？有哪些特殊的用法？
My mother was cooking in the kitchen
while
[1]
I was doing my school
assignments.
As
soon as
[2]
I finished my homework, I went to get some water to drink. Then the doorbell rang. However, my sister unlocked the door
before
[3]
I could open
it.We
were surprised
the moment
[4]
we saw her
because
[5]
her clothes and face were terribly
dirty.She
looked much poorer
than
[6]
we expected.
Since
[7]
we
didn
’
t
know what had happened to her, we stood there and waited for my
sister
’
s
story. We
wouldn
’
t
leave
unless
[8]
my sister told us all about it.
After
[9]
my sister got changed, she told us that she
fell into a ditch
when
[10]
she walked on a path on her way to my
uncle
’
s
home in the countryside. She
couldn
’
t
get out of the
ditch.
Although
[11]
she cried for help, no one could hear her. She tried to climb out of it, but,
however
[12]
hard she tried, she failed to escape from it.
As
[13]
time went by, she got worried. After several vain attempts she had to stand
where
[14]
she was and waited
until
[15]
a boy student passed by and gave her a hand. The boy reached her a long rope and told her to climb with the rope. She did
as
[16]
the boy told,
so that
[17]
she came out. My sister also warned us to be careful
when
[18]
walking on a path
even though/if
[19]
we are in a great hurry.
That
’
s
true. We should mind our step
so that
[20]
we can ensure our safety.
1
．用于对比两件事，意思是
“
而
……”
用
while
，不能用
when/as
代替。
2
．
as soon as
引导时间状语从句，表示
“
一
……
就
……”
。
3
．
before
表示
“
还没来得及就
……”
。
4
．名词词组如
the moment/the second/the day/the first time/next time...
等可以用来引导时间状语从句。
5
．引导表示原因的从句时用
because
，其引导的原因状语从句一般放在主句之后，而如果只是名词性短语表示原因，则用
because of
引导。
6
．在表示比较时，用
than
来引导比较状语从句，
than
也可以作介词。
7
．对大家已知的事实提供理由或背景时，常用
since
引导，意思是
“
既然
”
。其引导的从句多在主句之前。
8
．引导条件状语从句，
unless
＝
if...not
，是
“
除非，如果不
”
之意。
9
．
after/before
引导表示时间先后的状语从句，根据实际表达需要选用其一。
10
．
when
引导表示
“
当
……
时
”
的时间状语从句。
11
．引导让步状语从句时，可以用
although
或
though
，主句可以与副词
still
连用，但不能再与连词
but
连用了，一个复合句只需一个连词。当是
as
引导让步状语从句时，从句中的状语、表语或动词置于句首。
12
．
however
引导让步状语从句时，其后常接形容词或副词，用于修饰该形容词或副词，
wherever
，
whenever
也可以引导让步状语从句，在从句中作状语，相当于
no matter how/where/when
；另外
whatever
，
whoever
，
whichever
也可以引导让步状语从句。
13
．表示
“
随着
”
时，只能用
as
引导。
14
．引导地点状语从句时，用
where/wherever
，表示
“
在
……
的地方
”
。
15
．固定用法
“
直到
……
才
……”
可以用两种表达形式：
“
延续性动词＋
until
＋句子
”
(
用肯定形式
)
；
“
not
＋短暂性动词＋
until
＋句子
”
(
用否定形式
)
。
16
．引导方式状语从句时，可以用
as
，意思是
“
按照，像
……
那样
”
。
17
．
so that
引导结果状语从句，从句表示的通常是某件事的结果。
18
．
when
引导表示
“
当
……
时
”
的时间状语从句时，如果主句的主语和从句的主语是一致的，可以省略
when
从句的主语和
be
动词，用分词来表示。
19
．表示
“
即使，尽管
”
的
even though/if
引导让步状语从句。
20
．
so that
除了引导结果状语从句外，还可以引导目的状语从句，常与情态动词
can/could
等连用。
Ⅰ
.
单句填空
(
用适当的从属连词填空
)
1
．
________ hard you try, it is very difficult to lose weight without cutting down the amount you eat.
2
．
—Did Jenny return early last night?
—Exactly. It was not yet nine
o
’
clock
________ she arrived home.
3
．
________________ the doctor has warned him of the side effects of the medicine, he still takes it every day.
4
．
It was several minutes
we
realised
what was happening.
5
．
Quiet boy _________ he may be, he talks a lot about his favorite singers after class.
However
when
Though/Although
before
as/though
6
．
The old man asked Lucy to move to another chair ________ he wanted to sit next to his wife.
7
．
She says that
she
’
ll
have to close the shop ________ business improves.
8
．
If you happen to get lost in the wild,
you
’
d
better stay ________ you are and wait for help.
9
．
I went on with my work ________ I finished washing all the clothes.
10
．
You will never gain success ________ you are fully devoted to your work.
because
unless
where
until
unless
Ⅱ
.
单句改错
(
下列每句中有一处错误，每处涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改，请指出并改正。
)
1
．
He
can
’
t
come because of he is ill.__________________
2
．
She studied hard so that could catch up with others.____________
3
．
Only we keep optimistic can we succeed.________________
4
．
When he hesitating, a man came up to him._____________
5
．
Although she was in poor health, but she continued to carry out her duties.
____________
去掉
because
后的
of
在
that
后加
she
在
only
后加
when
在
he
后加
was
去掉
but
6
．
I will stick to my plan if you agree with me or not.____________
7
．
I lived in this house since I came to this city._______________
8
．
I had hardly got home than it began to rain.____________
9
．
We left in so a hurry that we forgot to lock the door.____________
10
．
He came in quietly in order to he
wouldn
’
t
wake his wife.____________
if
→
whether
在
lived
前加
have
than
→
when
so
→
such
to
→
that
Ⅲ
.
语篇填空
(
在下面空格处填入
1
个适当的连接词，使结构完整，语意通顺。
)
My classmate Michael studied very hard 1.________ he went to senior school. Every day he worked 2.________ every one left the classroom. He said he
wouldn
’
t
stop trying 3.________ he got satisfying scores in his
studies.Hard
4.________ he tried, he made little progress, but he
didn
’
t
lose heart at all 5.________ he believed as long as he persisted he would succeed one day.6.________ time went by, he made improvements in his studies and he was admitted to a university in Guangzhou at last. We had a
get-
together party 7.________
we started our new life in university.8.________ everyone had got offers from universities, we had a very good time. When we stood 9.________ we used to play and study, we
couldn
’
t
help thinking of our happy old days. We believed we would never forget each other
，
10.________ we would go or whatever we would do. Before we departed
，
11.________ we seemed a little sadder 12.________ before, we still fought back the tears.
【语篇导读】
我的同学
Michael
上了高中之后努力学习，一开始效果并不好，但经过坚持不懈的努力，他终于考上了广州的一所大学。
1
．
after
[
根据语境
“
Michael
上了高中后就开始努力学习
”
。
]
2
．
until
[
“
直到
……
才
……”
是固定用法，
“
延续性动词＋
until
＋句子
”
用肯定形式，而
“
not
＋短暂性动词＋
until
＋句子
”
则用否定形式。
]
3
．
unless
[
根据句意
“
除非他取得满意的成绩，否则他是不会放弃的
”
可知。
]
4
．
as
[
引导让步状语从句时，从句中的状语、表语或动词置于句首，意思是
“
尽管
”
。
]
5
．
because
[
根据前面可知
“
尽管他没有取得很大的进步，但是他毫不气馁，因为他坚信只要坚持，总会成功
”
。
]
6
．
As
[
根据句意
“
随着时间的流逝
”
，只能用
as
。
]
7
．
before
[
引导时间状语从句，意思是
“
在
……
之前
”
。
]
8
．
Since
[
从下文
“
we had a very good time
”
可以推断出，此从句是原因状语从句，从句在主句之前，常用
since
，意思是
“
既然
”
。
]
9
．
where
[
动词
stood
是不及物动词，其后跟的是表示地点的状语从句，意为
“
站在曾经学习和玩耍的地方
”
。
]
10
．
wherever
[
从下文
“
or whatever we would do
”
可知，前面是一样的结构，从句缺状语。
]
11
．
although/though
[
从下文的
“
we still fought back the tears
”
可知前面是让步状语从句。
]
12
．
than
[
从前面的
“
a little sadder
”
可知是比较状语，用
than
。
]
第二课时 高考研究课
状语从句在语法填空中的考查点
规律方法
1
．正确理解语境；
2
．根据语境暗含的逻辑关系，选用正确的连接词。
真题验证
1
1
．
________ you can sleep well
，
you will lose the ability to focus
，
plan and stay motivated after one or two nights.
(2018·
江苏卷改编
)
答案
Unless
[
语境意义：除非你能睡好
……
。由语境可知此处应填让步状语从句的连词。
]
2
．
Pahlsson screamed ________ loudly that her daughter came running from the house.
“
She thought I had hurt myself
，
”
says Pahlsson.
(2017·
浙江卷
)
3
．
Over time, ________ the population grew, people began cutting food into small pieces so it would cook more quickly.(2016·
全国卷
Ⅲ
)
答案
so
[
Pahlsson
大声尖叫，以至于她的女儿跑了过来。根据后面的
loudly that her daughter came running from the house
可知，此处为
so... that...
表示
“
如此
……
以至于
……”
，
so
在此处修饰副词
loudly
。
]
答案
as/when
[
语境意义：随着人口的增长
……
。根据语境可知，此处应该填时间状语的连词。
]
4
．
The mother held the baby in her front paws much the way a human does. ________ it cried, she rocked it back and forth and gave it little comforting pats.
(2016·
四川卷
)
答案
When/If
[
语境意义：这位妈妈在很大程度上和人类一样用前肢抱着婴儿，如果婴儿哭了
/
当婴儿哭的时候，它会前后摇晃，并轻轻拍打来安慰婴儿。根据语境可知所填之处引导条件状语从句或时间状语从句。
]
状语从句在短文改错中的考查点
1
．根据语境体现的上下文逻辑关系，判断连词是否正确；
2
．两个并列成分之间是否只有一个连词。
规律方法
真题验证
2
1
．
The games my parents taught me where I was a child turned out to be very useful later in my life.
(2018·
全国卷
Ⅱ
)
________
答案
where
→
when
[
连词误用，语境意义：孩提时代父母教给我的这个游戏证明对我以后的生活中很有用。由语境意义可知此处应用时间状语。
]
2
．
My only mistake was that I dropped some on the floor after I was packing them up
.
(
陕
西卷
)
____________
3
．
Though not very big, but the restaurant is popular in our area.
(2016·
全国卷
Ⅰ
)
____________
答案
after
→
when
/while
[
连词误用，
after
意为：在
……
之后；
when/while
意为：在
……
时候。
]
答案
去
掉
but
[
连词多余，句子中含有
though/although
时，后面的句子不再使用
but
。
]
第三课时 写作增分课
状语从句在写作中的增分点
一、用好时间状语从句
1
．他正沿着马路骑车上学，这时，一辆小汽车插进来，把他撞倒了。
(ride along the road, cut in, knock him down)
____________________________________________________________
2
．随着时间流逝，我渐渐对自己失去了信心。
(lose confidence in, gradually, as time goes by)
_____________________________________________
He was riding along the road when a car cut in and knocked him down.
I lost confidence in myself gradually as time went by.
3
．我一听到这个消息，就急不可待地想告诉我父母。
(the moment, can
’
t wait to)
_______________________________________________________
4
．他不久就会辞职。他在我来这里之前很久就在这里教学。
(quit, before long, long before)
_____________________________________________________________
5
．我们应当趁还来得及早点采取措施。
(take measures, too late)
_______________________________________
I couldn’t wait to tell my parents the news the moment I heard it.
He will quit before long. He began to teach here long before I came here.
We should take measures before it’s too late.
6
．直到老师跟我谈心之后，我才意识到我犯了多么大的一个错误。
(not until, realize)
________________________________________________________________________
二、利用原因状语从句中的高级句式来写作
1
．
李华一定是来了，因为他的书在课桌上。
(must have, for)
________________________________________________________________________
2
．
既然你不得不整天
待
在教室里，你倒不如利用这个机会全身心地投入到学习上。
(now that, might as well, put your heart into)
________________________________________________________________________
______________
Not until my teacher had a talk with me heart to heart did I realize what a mistake I had made.
Li
Hua
must have come, for his books are on his desk.
Now that you have to stay in the classroom all day, you might as well put your heart into your studies.
3
．你应当好好学习，因为它可以为你的未来打下坚实的基础。
(in that, lay a solid foundation)
________________________________________________________________________
4
．他考试不及格是因为他粗心。
(fail the exam, because, careless)
________________________________________________________________________
You should study hard in that it can lay a solid foundation for your future.
He failed the exam because he was careless.
三、地点状语从句对写作也很增彩
1
．
哪里阳光、雨水充足，哪里的田野就绿油油的。
(
wherever, the fields are green)
____________________________________________________
2
．
不管你在哪里，不管你做什么，一定要照看好自己。
(wherever, whatever, take care of)
______________________________________________________________
3
．当你读书的时候，你最好在你不理解的地方做个标记。
(make a mark)
__________________________________________________________________
Wherever there’s plenty of sun and rain, the fields are green.
Wherever you are and whatever you do, please take good care of yourself.
When you are reading, you’d better make a mark where you don’t understand.
四、用好方式状语从句
1
．
你可以按照上次我告诉你的那样下载这个软件。
(download the software, as)
_______________________________________________
2
．
他看起来好像前一天夜里没睡觉一样。
(as if, sleep a wink)
________________________________________________
3
．
他英语说得非常流利，好像他就是一个母语是英语的人一样。
(fluently, as if, native speaker)
_______________________________________________________
You can download the software as I told you last time.
He looked as if he hadn’t slept a wink the night before.
He speaks English very fluently as if he were a native speaker.
五、正确利用目的状语从句来写作
1
．
在考试中我非常紧张，害怕考试再一次不及格。
(be nervous, for fear that, fail)
___________________________________________________________
2
．
我每天五点钟就起床，以便能在期末考试中能拿到班级第一名。
(so that, get the first place)
________________________________________________________________________
I was very nervous in the exam for fear that I should fail a second time.
I get up at 5 am every day so that I can get the first place in our class in the final exams.
3
．请带上雨伞或者雨衣，以防下雨。
(umbrella, raincoat, in case)
____________________________________________________
4
．多和父母交流，以便你们能更好地相互了解。
(communicate with)
________________________________________________________________________
_____________
Please take an umbrella or a raincoat with you in case it rains.
Communicate more frequently with your parents so that you can understand each other better.
六、利用条件状语从句中的高级句式来写作
1
．
我明天会准时到那里，除非下雨。
(unless)
_________________________________________
2
．
只要你坚持按你制定的计划来提高英语，你的英语就会越来越好。
(as long as, stick to, improve)
________________________________________________________________________
______________________
3
．
一旦他下定决心，没有人能改变。
(once, make up
one
’
s
mind, change it)
_____________________________________________
I will get there on time unless it rains tomorrow.
As long as you stick to the plan you’ve made to improve your English, your English will get better and better.
Once he’s made up his mind, nobody can change it.
七、正确利用让步状语从句来写作
1
．
尽管我们的政府已采取了一些措施，但是污染却越来越严重。
(although, government, take some measures, pollution)
________________________________________________________________________
________________
2
．
即使你落到别人后面也不要泄气。
(get discouraged, even if)
________________________________________________________________________
Although the government has taken some measures, the pollution is still getting worse and worse.
Don’t get discouraged even if you have fallen behind others.
3
．所有的学生，不管他们的学业成绩是好是坏，都在为到来的考试做准备。
(whether...or, academic performance, prepare oneself for)
________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________
4
．尽管上网有好处，但不要在上面花费太多时间。
(while, the Internet, of great help, spend too much)
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All the students, whether their academic performances are good or bad, are all preparing themselves for the coming exams.
While the Internet is of great help, don’t spend too much time on it.