2018届二轮复习短文语法填空解题策略课件（41张） 41页

2018 届二轮复习语法填空解题技巧 Grammar Cloze Test Learning aims 1.Learn to analyze sentence structures to fill in the blanks. 2.Learn some strategies to deal with Grammar Cloze Test. 在一篇 200 词左右的短文中留出 10 个空白，部分空白的后面给出单词的基本形式，要求考生根据上下文在空白处填写 1 个适当的单词或所给单词的正确形式。 考纲解读 短文特点 阳朔 记叙文 167 2015 大熊猫 记叙文 188 2016 食物与健康 主题词 说明文 文 体 208 短文词数 2017 全国 Ⅰ 卷 年 卷别 类别 份 土坯房 说明文 165 2015 缓解压力 说明文 181 2016 地铁 主题词 说明文 文 体 192 短文词数 2017 全国 Ⅱ 卷 年 卷别 类别 份 对 文章大意 的理解及上下文 语义、语境 的逻辑判断及推理能力 较强的 句子分析 能力与 语法运用 能力 掌握大量 词汇 和 构词法 的应用 能力要求 有不给提示词 ( 纯空格 ) 和给提示词两类。两类题的比例通常为 3:7 ，有时为 4:6 。 *** 答案词数： 不给提示词的纯空格只能填 1 个英语单词，而给提示词的答案可能是一个词、两个词，也可能是多个词。 空格类型 有给定词 无给定词 命题形式 考点分析 10 空 有给定词 （ 7 空） 无给定词 （ 3 空） 动词 名词： 单复数；所有格 形容词 / 副词 ： 比较级、最高级 词性转换 反义词 代词： 人称代词、反身代词、物主代词 连词： 并列单词短语或句子： and, but, or ， 引导从句 : who , that, which ， what … 介词： in, on, to, for… 冠词： a/an, the 连接性副词： however, therefore… 时间副词： before, later, ago… 代词 : 指代上下文、 形式主语 / 宾语、强调句 谓语：时态，语态，主谓一致 非谓语动词： - ing ， -ed ， to do 分析句子结构或分析语义 , 确定所填词 汇 解题四步走 通读全文 , 理解大意 确定固定搭配 , 使句子前后连贯 语法是否正确，逻辑是否合理 高考真题重做 想一想 析真题，寻规律。 201 5高考全国新课标语法填空 (1) Yangshuo,China It was raining lightly when I 61________ (arrive) in Yangshuo just before dawn. But I didn’t care. A few hours 62______________ , I’d been at home in Hong Kong, with 63_____ (it) choking smog. Here, the air was clean and fresh, even with the rain. its before/ earlier arrive d 谓语动词 副词 代词 I’d skipped nearby Guilin, a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River 64____________ are pictured by artists in so many Chinese 65___________ (painting). Instead, I ’ d headed straight for Yangshuo . For those who fly to Guilin, it’s only an hour away 66______ car and offers all the scenery of the better-known city. that/which paintings by 介词 连词 名词 Yangshuo 67____ (be) really beautiful. A study of travelers 68____________ (conduct) by the website TripAdvisor names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations in the world. And the town is fast becoming a popular weekend destination for people in Asia. Abercrombie & Kent, a travel company in Hong Kong, says it 69___________ (regular) arranges quick getaways here for people 70________ (live) in Shanghai and Hong Kong. is conducted regularly living 非谓语 非谓语 副词 谓语动词 2015 年全国卷一语法填空题考点分布 谓语动词 非谓语动词 副词 连词 代词 名词 介词 2 arrived is 2 conducted living 2 earlier /before regularly 1 that/ which 1 its 1 paintings 1 by 完成 201 7 高考全国新课标 I 语法填空 , 想想其考点分布情况？ There has been a recent trend in the food service industry toward lower fat content and less salt. This trend, which was started by the medical community （医学界） 61 a method of fighting heart disease, has had some unintended side 62 (effect) such as overweight and heart disease-the very thing the medical community was trying to fight. Fat and salt are very important parts of a diet. They are required 63 (process) the food that we eat, to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions. When fat and salt 64 (remove) from food, the food tastes as if is missing something. As 65 result, people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing. Even 66 (bad), the amount of fast food that people eat goes up. Fast food 67 (be) full of fat and salt; by 68 (eat) more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet. Having enough fat and salt in your meals will reduce the urge to snack(吃点心) between meals and will improve the taste of your food. However, be 69 (care) not to go to extremes. Like anything, it is possible to have too much of both, 70 is not good for the health. a to process are removed effects worse is eating careful which as 2017 年全国卷一语法填空题考点分布 谓语动词 非谓语动词 形容词副词 连词 冠词 名词 介词 2 is are removed 2 eating to process 2 careful worse 1 which 1 a 1 effects 1 as 完成 201 7 高考全国新课标 I 语法填空 , 想想其考点分布情况？ 无提示词类 想一想 析真题，寻规律。 1.Mary began this work four years ago and ____enjoyed it very much. 2.I like this house with a beautiful garden, but I don ’ t have enough money to buy . it Skill 1. 简单句或者并列句 缺主语或宾语， 一般填 ______ 代词 she 1. I think it ’ s a good idea ___ you to come back to China. 2. Though she is a girl , she is interested ____ football . Skill 2. 介词的考查：多数情况下出现在固定搭配中。 for in It be adj./n. for sb to do sth be interested in . Skill 3 . 两个主谓从句之间如果没有分号或句号，很可能填 _ 词 1.Tom is very young ， ____ he play basketball very well . 2.He worked hard ,____ he suc c eeded finally . 3.______the population grew, people began cutting food into small pieces. but 连 and As Skill 4 . 冠词的考查； 多数情况下出现在 a/an, the + 名词 或 a/an, the + 形容词 + 名词。 1. Giving rural children a good education is ____ important task in fighting poverty. 2. When he was saying that, he broke ____ branch from the tree that grew near the door. an a 归纳： 无给定词题 的解题技巧 Skill 1. 简单句或者并列句中缺主语或宾语，一定填代词 Skill 2. 介词的考查；多数情况下出现在固定搭配。 Skill 3 . 两个主谓之间如果没有分号或句号，很可能填 _ 连 词。 Skill 4 . 冠词的考查； a/an, the + 名词前或者形容词 + 名词前。 Practice makes perfect! 1.the 2.in 3.or 4.which/that 5.it 6.when/as 7.and 8.by 提示词为 动词类 高考真题再现 想一想 析真题，寻规律。 1. It was raining lightly when I ________ (arrive) in Yangshuo just before dawn. (2015 全国卷 1) 2. A study of travelers _______________ (conduct) by the website TripAdvisor names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations in the world. (15.1) 3. Abercrombie & Kent, a travel company in Hong Kong, says it regularly arranges quick getaways here for people ________ (live) in Shanghai and Hong Kong. (15.1) 4. It took years of work ________ (reduce) the industrial pollution and clean the water. (14.1) 5. While there are ________ (amaze) stories of instant transformation, for most of us the changes are gradual and require a lot of effort and work, like cleaning up a polluted river. (14.1) 动词考查是重点， 形式呈现分 谓非 ， 谓语就看 语数时 ， 非谓 成分 最关键， 主被完成 记心间。 1. It was raining lightly when I ________ (arrive) in Yangshuo just before dawn. (15.1) 如何判定时态和非谓语动词？ arrived 1 As we climbed the mountains, we saw monkeys, ________(visit) temples and told stories. 2 The teacher went into the classroom, _______ (follow) by some students. visited followed 3 The baby stayed in the room , _______ (cry) loudly . crying 非谓语 非谓语 谓语 Association: 时间 / 语体 一般 进行 完成 完成进行 现在 do/ does am/is/are doing has/have done has/have been doing 过去 did was/were doing had done 将来 will do will be doing 过去 将来 would do 熟记十种时态及其被动语态 2. A study of travelers ______________ (conduct) by the website TripAdvisor names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations in the world. (15.1) 3. Abercrombie & Kent, a travel company in Hong Kong, says it regularly arranges quick getaways here for people ________ (live) in Shanghai and Hong Kong. (15.1) conducted living By the age of three, most children have the big potential ____________ （ understand) about 1,000 words. to understand 4. It took years of work __________ (reduce) the industrial pollution and clean the water. (14.1) 5. While there are __________ (amaze) stories of instant transformation, for most of us the changes are gradual and require a lot of effort and work, like cleaning up a polluted river. (14.1) to reduce amazing 如何判定谓语动词和非谓语动词？ 如何判定时态？ 如何判定非谓语动词形式？ Thinking Practice 1. To my delight, I (choose) from hundreds of applicants. 2. Time_________ (spend) in England is so memorable that I will treasure it forever. 3. Like ancient sailors, birds can find their way (use) the sun and the stars. 4. I’m sorry for_______ (be) late. 5. Just as I got to the school gate, I realized I (leave) my book in the cafe. 6. The story was so __________(move) that everyone present was ________(move) to tears. was chosen spent being had left moving moved using 1.resting 2.be made 3.is 4.managed 5.to prove 6.using 7.to bring 8.using 提示词为 形容词、名词或 人称代词类 高考真题重做 想一想 析真题，寻规律。 1. The river was so polluted that it _______ (actual) caught fire and burned. (14.1) 2. Finally, that hard work paid off and now the water in the river is ________ (clean) than ever. (14.1) 3.While there are amazing stories of instant transformation ， for most of us the ________ (change) are gradual and require a lot of effort and work ， like cleaning up a polluted river. Just be ________ (patience). (14.1) 4. I'd been at home in Hong Kong ， with ______ (it) choking smog. (15.1) actually cleaner changes patient its 形容词的考查方式 名词的考查方式 人称代词的考查方式 important- importance intelligent- intelligence absent- absence silent- silence present- presence evident- evidence patient- patience different- difference independent- independence distant- distance confident- confidence violent- violence significant- significance convenient- convenience consequent- consequence accurate- accuracy fluent- fluency frequent- frequency As a result of the research evidence of the importance (important) of the first three years of a child’s life ， a pilot programme which focused on parents as the child’s first teachers started in the Us. Practice 1. _______________(fortune), I missed the last train. 2. All in all, every student should behave _______ (he) and keep away from violence. 3. The ______ (much) medicine I take, the worse I seem to feel. 4. It was a difficult job for him. He had tried everything but it made little ___________(different). 5. Recent ______ (study) show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks regularly. Unfortunately himself more difference 1.introduction 2.fairly 3.greater 4.its 5. ability studies 模拟命题 1-2 组第一段（建议 2 个动词 ,1 个介词和 1 个连词 ) 3-4 组第二段（建议 2 个动词 ,1 个形容词和 1 个连词 ) 5-6 组第三段（建议 1 个动词 ,1 个代词 ,1 个形容词和 1 个从句 ) 1. One morning, I was waiting at the bus stop, worried about being late for school. There were many people waiting at the bus stop, and some of them looked very anxious and disappointed. When the bus finally came, we all hurried on board. I got a place next to the window, so I had a good view of the sidewalk. A boy on a bike caught my attention. He was riding beside the bus and waving his arms. 2. I heard a passenger behind me shouting to the driver, but he refused to stop until we reached the next stop. Still, the boy kept riding. He was carrying something over his shoulder and shouting. Finally, when we came to the next stop, the boy ran up to the door of the bus. I heard an excited conversation. 3. Then the driver stood up and asked, “Did anyone lose a suitcase at the last stop?” A woman on the bus shouted, “Oh, dear! It ’s mine”. She pushed her way to the driver and took the suitcase thankfully. Everyone on the bus began talking about what the boy had done and the crowd of strangers suddenly became friendly to one another. One morning, I was waiting at the bus stop, worried about __1___ (be) late for school. There were many people waiting at the bus stop, __2__ some of them looked very anxious and __3__(disappoint) . When the bus finally came, we all hurried on board. I got a place next _4_ the window, so I had a good view of the sidewalk. A boy on a bike _5_ (catch ) my attention. He was riding beside the bus and waving his arms. I heard a passenger behind me shouting to the driver, but he refused __6__(stop) until we reached the next stop. Still, the boy kept __7__(ride). He was carrying something over his shoulder and shouting. Finally, when we came to the next stop, the boy ran up the door of the bus. I heard an excited conversation. Then the driver stood up and asked, “__8__ anyone lose a suitcase at the last stop?” A woman on the bus shouted, “Oh, dear! It ‘s ____9___ (I )”. She pushed her way to the driver and took the suitcase thankfully, Five others on the bus began talking about what the boy had done and the crowd of strangers ___10__(sudden) became friendly to one another. 强化训练 I take the train to work every morning. There is rubbish 61 ( throw) away everywhere in the railway station, 62 terrible smell is more than I can put up with. So I always try to rush through it. The other day I was trying to do so as usual 63 something made me stop for a moment. I saw the most beautiful act of an old lady 64 (walk) in front of me. 65 (support) by a white stick, the old lady was walking slowly as each step took some effort. She stopped near a rubbish bin and slowly placed her walking stick against it. With great difficulty she bent down, picked up some rubbish with her left hand 66 threw it inside the bin. It all took her great effort. I 67 (move) to see this old woman make such a great effort to keep even a small part of it clean! I couldn’t stop thinking about that all day. I want to follow 68 (she) example. I hope people will do the same as I do. If everyone makes 69 (contribute) to protecting the environment, there will be less pollution and the world will become 70 (clean) and more beautiful. thrown whose when walking Supported and was moved her ontributions cleaner Summary presentation ： What you have learned in this class? 词性 考查重点 动词 名词 形容词 / 副词 人称代词 冠词 连词 引导词 介词 时态和语态；单数；非谓语； 单复数 变副词、比较级、最高级、反义词 五类 ( 主、宾、形容词性、名词性、反身代词 ) 不定冠词 a/an 与定冠词 the 的区别 从句间的逻辑关系；并列句的关系 名词性从句和定语从句的用法 与动词、形容词或名词的固定搭配 根据语义 , 确定词 形 分析句子 , 确定词 性 解题四步走 通读全文 , 理解大意 总结提升 检查搭配 , 前后连贯 课后训练： Stephen Hawking, who is the most famous physicist, was born in Britain on January 8th, 1942. As a child, he was enthusiastic about 1.______ (design) complicated toys but 2.________ (fortune), in his twenties, he suffered 3._______ a disease that was impossible to be cured, 4._______ was a great challenge for him. However, he was not only positive about the misfortunes, and eventually he 5._______ (defeat) all the obstacles but also he was absorbed 6.______ his research in the universe. In 1988, his best-seller A Brief History of Time 7.________ (publish), in which he put forward the idea 8.______ time itself has a beginning, and that it will have 9.______ end. In 10.______ (conclude), he has made outstanding contributions to the fields of cosmology and quantum(量子论) gravity. designing unfortunately from which defeated in was published that an conclusion