2018届语法二轮复习虚拟语气课件（28张） 28页

2018 届 语法二轮复习 虚拟语气 注： 虚拟条件句与主语的谓语动词 —— 与现在事实或将来可能的事实相反，从句用一般过去式 (be 用 were ；与将来可 能事实相反时还可用 were to /should + 动 词原形 ) ，主句用 would /should /could/ might + 动词原形；与过去事实相反，从句用过去完成时，主句用 would /should/ could /might have + 过去分词。 熟读深思 My deskmate , Mary, treats me as if she were ［ 1 ］ my sister. She is nice but fat. If she were not so fat, she would look ［ 2 ］ like a super model. Last year, a doctor advised that she (should) eat ［ 3 ］ more vegetables and fruits. He also made a suggestion that she (should) work out ［ 4 ］ regularly. Besides, he insisted that she (should) walk ［ 5 ］ to school. If she had followed the doctor’s advice , she would not be so fat now ［ 6 ］ . In other words, if the doctor had persuaded her to do so, she would not have become ［ 7 ］ overweight. This morning, Mary’s mother bought her a new dress. It was really nice. But after she tried it on, she couldn’t help shouting,“ If only I were ［ 8 ］ a little thinner! How I wish I hadn’t eaten ［ 9 ］ so much junk food before!” Were I Mary , I would make ［ 10 ］ a weight loss plan. If I became overweight in the future , I would do ［ 11 ］ sports every day. Now it is high time she changed ［ 12 ］ her lifestyle. Without a healthy lifestyle, she wouldn’t be ［ 13 ］ able to lose weight. I would rather she went ［ 14 ］ swimming with me, but she insists that water sports are ［ 15 ］ not suitable for her. So it is necessary that she (should) walk ［ 16 ］ to school. 汉语译文： 我的同桌玛丽对我像亲姐妹一样。她人长得漂亮，就是有点胖。要不然，她就是一个超级模特了。去年，医生建议她多吃蔬菜和水果，同时建议她要经常锻炼，并坚持让她步行上学。如果她当时听了医生的建议，现在也不至于这么胖了。也就是说，假如医生说服了她减肥，她就不会太胖。 今天上午，玛丽的妈妈给她买了一条新裙子。那裙子真是漂亮。可是，玛丽试穿后，忍不住叫了起来：“我多希望我瘦一点点啊！要是当初我没有吃那么多的垃圾食品该多好啊！”如果我是玛丽，我会制定一个减肥计划。要是将来我发胖了，我一定会每天做运动。 现在，该是玛丽改变她的生活方式的时候了。没有健康的生活方式，她是不可能成功减肥的。我倒是宁愿她和我一起去游泳。可是她坚持认为水上运动不适合她。因此，她有必要步行上学了。 熟读深思 1. 在 as if/ as though, even if/even though 引导的状语从句或表语从句中，与现在事实相反时，从句的谓语动词用一般过去时；与过去事实相反时，从句的谓语动词用过去完成时。  2. 表示与现在事实相反的假设， if 从句的谓语动词用一般过去式， (be 一般用 were) ，主句的谓语用 would/ should/ could/ might + 动词原形。 3. ～ 5. 在 insist, suggest, advise, order, command, propose, demand, require, request 等后面的宾语从句的谓语动词用“ should+ 动词原形”，其中的 should 可以省略。在 suggestion, advice, order, command, demand, requirement, request 等名词后面的表语从句或同位语从句中，谓语动词用“ should+ 动词原形”， 其中的 should 可以省略。 6. 错综条件句：有时 if 从句中的动作与主句动作发生的时间不一致，这时动词的形式应根据他们表示的时间加以调整。本句的虚拟条件句与过去事实相反，主句与现在事实相同。 7. 表示与过去事实相反的假设， if 从句的谓语形式用过去完成时，即“ had ＋过去分词”，主句用“ would /should/could / might + have + 过去分词”。 8 ～ 9. 在表示愿望的动词 wish 后的宾语从句和 If only （但愿）引出的句子中 , 需用虚拟语气。表示与现在事实相反，从句或 if only 后的句子的谓语动词用一般过去时；与过去事实相反，从句或 if only 后的句子的谓语动词用过去完成时。 10. 如果 if 从句中含有 were, had 或 should, 可将 if 省略，然后将 were, had 或 should 提前至主语前。即从句可用半倒装。 11. 表示与将来事实相反的假设， if 从句的谓语形式用一般过去式，或用“ were to / should + 动词原形”，主句用“ would / should /could/ might + 动词原形”。 12. 在 It is (high) time that 后的从句中， 谓语动词用“ should( 不能省略 )+ 动词原形”或一般过去时都可以。 13. 含蓄条件从句：用连词 otherwise, or ， but 或用介词 but for, without 等暗示前面的条件。与现在事实相反，谓语动词用一般过去时；与过去事实相反，谓语动词用过去完成时。其中介词 but for, without 表示的虚拟语气， 可和 if 引导的假设条件状语从句替换。 14. would (had) rather , would sooner 用来表达主观愿望，它们之后的宾语从句中需用虚拟语气。谓语动词用过去式表示现在或将来，用过去完成式表示与过去事实相反。 15. 动词 insist 表“坚持认为，坚持说 , 坚持某种说法”； suggest 表“暗示，表明”时，后面从句不用虚拟语气。 16. 在 it is necessary (important, natural, strange, surprising) that 引导的主语从句中，主语从句中的谓语动词用“ should+ 动词原形”。 倒装与高考 1. 我们在做语法填空题时，一旦判断所给动词在句中作为谓语后，就考虑其时态、语态、语气、主谓一致等。 2. 短文改错中，可能出现动词形式的错误。 1.If I _____ (be) you, I would do it in a different way. 1. 与现在事实相反。 2. If you had followed my advice just now, you _________(be) fine now. 2. 与现在事实相反。 were would be 一、单句填空 灵活运用 3. He hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball, otherwise he ________________ (score) a goal. 3. 与过去事实相反。 4. If I ____(have) a million dollars, I would first donate some of the money to poor children in remote mountainous areas. 4. 与现在事实相反。 would have scored had 5. The doctor ordered that she ________ (stay) in bed for a few days. (should) stay 6. It is very important that you ______ _______(master) the skills of computer. 7. English teachers give advice that we ____________ (make) good use of every chance to speak English. (should) make (should) master 8. It is high time that we _________ ______(take) some measures to protect the wild animals. took/should take 9. How I wish every family ____ (have) a large house with a beautiful garden ！ had 10. Jane’s pale face suggested that she ___ (be) ill, and her parents suggested that she ___________(have) a medical examination. should have was 二、语篇填空 Tom and Peter are twins. They look as if they 1 _____(be) the same person. Both the two boys are smart, but Tom is hard-working while Peter is lazy. Tom always wins the first place in the exams, which suggests that he 2 ___(be) hard-working. Peter could do better, 3 ____ he doesn’t want to work hard. People believe if Peter 4 _______(work) as hard as Tom, he would do as well as his brother in his study. were is but worked At home, their parents make a suggestion that they 5 ________(do) the dishes in turn and insist that they 6____________ (finish) their homework before playing computer games. But Peter insists that it 7 ___(be) also OK to play games first as long as he can hand in his homework in time. Their mother gives in in the end. One day, when doing his homework, Tom found he made a serious mistake. So, he put the exercise-book aside and used another one. should do should finish is When Peter found the previous exercise-book, he struck out Tom’s name and signed his name on its cover happily, and handed it in as his own homework the next day. When the teacher told the truth to the twins’ Mother, she kept silent first but her expression suggested that she 8 ______(be) angry. Later, she shouted at Peter: “How I wish you 9 ______(be) as diligent as your brother! Now it’s time that I 10 _____ (give) you a good lesson. was were gave And I insist that you 11 ________________( not play) any computer games for a whole month too. Remember to do as I ask you to, 12 ___________, you would be forbidden to touch the computer for a year!” “Oh, no! Mom. 13 _______computer for such a long time, I would die. I would rather you 14 _______(ask) me to do the dishes for a month alone.” Peter was upset. “If you 15 __________ (finish) your homework on time yesterday, you wouldn’t be punished now.” said the mother. should not play or/otherwise without asked had finished 汤姆和彼特虽然长得很像且都很聪明 , 但学习上却一勤一懒 , 各不相同 , 甚至有一次还因彼特偷懒 , 投机取巧 , 闹出了笑话。 1. were 因 as if 引导的表语从句是与现在事实相反的情况 , 从句谓语用一般过去时 , be 一般用 were 。 2. is 因 suggests 表示“表明，说明”，其后的宾语从句的谓语动词用陈述语气。 3. but 因“本来可以做得更好”与“不愿努力学”是转折关系。 4. worked 因 if 表示与现在事实相反的假设，从句谓语用一般过去时。 5. should do 在表示“建议”的 suggestion 后的同位语从句中，谓语动词用 should do 。 6. should finish 在 insist 表示“坚决要求”时 , 其后的宾语从句的谓语动词用“ should+ 动词原形”。 7. is 该句的 insists 表示“坚持认为”，其宾语从句的谓语动词用陈述语气。 8. was 因 suggested 作“表明，说明”解，其宾语从句的谓语动词用陈述语气。 9. were 在表示愿望的 wish 后的宾语从句，其宾语从句的谓语动词用一般过去式表示现在的愿望。 10. gave 或 should give 在 It’s time that 句型的 that 从句中，谓语动词用一般过去式或“ should + 动词原形”。 11. should not play 句中 insist 表示“坚决要求”，其宾语从句的谓语用“ should+ 动词原形”。 12. or/otherwise 由后面句中的谓语 would be 可知 , 前面用 or 或 otherwise ( 否则 ) 来表示虚拟条件。 13. Without 由后面的 would die 可知，填 without 表示虚拟条件。 14. asked 在 would rather 后的从句中，用一般过去时表示现在或将来。 15. had finished 表示与过去事实相反的情况，虚拟条件句的谓语用过去完成时。 三、单句改错 1. How I wish there are 28 hours a day so that I had more time for fun. are→ were 与现在事实相反或不可能实现的愿望，故用一般过去时。 2. Had he worked hard years ago, he would become very rich today. 在 become 前加 have 前句相当于 If he had worked hard years ago, 与过去事实相反的假设 , 主句谓语要用 would have done 。句意：如果他几年前就努力工作，他现在也已经变得富有了。 3. If I were a boy again, I will remember that a good skater never tries to skate in two directions at once. will→ would 虚拟条件句是与现在事实相反的情况，主句谓语用 would do 。 4. But the fact that China are also affected by the global economic crisis, we would have fewer workers now. 在 But 后加 for 因 but for( 如果没有，要不是 ) 是固定短语，常与虚拟语气连用。 5. It might have been done better if you have been more careful. have→ had 在表示与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句中，谓语用过去完成时。 6. I actually believe that we would be in Xi’an now if you hadn’t caught drunk while driving last month. 在 caught 前加 been 表示“被抓”用被动语态。 7. It is high time that we establish an honest and fair system of education. establish→ established 或在 establish 前加 should 因为由句型 It is time that sb. should do 或 It is high time that sb. did sth. 决定的。其中 should 不能省略。 8. Mr. Li, my English teacher, speaks English as if he is an Englishman. is→ were 表示与现在事实相反的情况，用一般过去时表示， be 一律用 were 。 9. Tibet is so mysteriously described by some people that I think if only I can go there. can→ could 因 if only ( 但愿，要是 …… 就好了 ) 是个固定句型 , 表示将来的愿望 , 用 could do 。 10. I’d rather he goes to the theatre tomorrow. goes→ went 在 would rather 后接句子时，用一般过去时表示与现在或将来不太可能的愿望；用过去完成时表示与过去事实相反的愿望。