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- 2021-02-26 发布
2018届 二轮复习 代词
单数
复数
第一人称
第二人称
第三人称
第一人称
第二人称
第三人称
人
称
代
词
主格
I
you
he, she, it
we
you
they
宾格
me
you
him, her, it
us
you
them
代词分类
物
主
代
词
形容词性
my
your
his, her, its
our
your
their
名词性
mine
yours
his, hers, its
ours
yours
theirs
反身代词
myself
yourself
himself,
herself, itself
ours-elves
yours-elves
them-
selves
指示代词
this, that
these, those
疑问代词
what, which, who, whom, whose
关系代词
that, which, who, whose, as
连接代词
who, whom, whose, which, what, whoever, whomever, whichever, whatever
不定代词
all, both, either, other, another, one, each, many, much, (a) few, (a) little, some, any, none, no one, more, most
复合不定代词
someone, anyone, something, anything, nothing, everything, everyone, nobody…
相互代词
宾格
each other, one another
所有格
each other’s, one another’s
考点梳理
一、人称代词
人称代词有主格和宾格之分，主格在句中作主语、表语等成，宾格在句中作动词、介词宾语、同位语等成分，有时也可作表语。不仅指人，也可指物，有人称和数的变化。
人称代词，物主代词，反身代词
【注意】在连词
than
和
as
引导的比较状语从句中常常省略从句，只保留人称代词，人称代词作主语时要用主格，在口语中也常用宾格；但当人称代词后有动词时就必须用主格。
如：
My sister speaks English
as well as me/I
. (
口语中常用
me)
My sister speaks English
as well as I do
. (
此时只能用
I)
二、物主代词
1.
物主代词分为形容词性物主代词和名词
性物主代词，必须与所指的名词在人称、数和性别方面保持一致。
如：
The waiters
offered
their
food to the homeless man.
【注意】单数阳性名词和单数阴性名词连用作主语时，如果前面有
every
，
each
修饰，谓语动词用单数，代词用
his
。
如：
2.
形容词性物主代词相当于形容词，只能作
名词或动名词的定语。
e.g. This is
our
classroom.
Would you mind
my
opening the
window?
Each
boy and
each
girl wants to lend
his
raincoat to the soldiers.
3.
名词性物主代词相当于“形容词性物主代
词＋名词”，可单独作主语、宾语、表
语。此外，名词性物主代词还可与名词及
of
连用，构成双重所有格。
如：
This is her coat.
Mine
is over there.
Some friends of mine
will attend my birthday party.
三、反身代词
1.
反身代词通常在
enjoy, teach, hurt, buy,
introduce, seat, dress, express, amuse,
behave
等动词和
by, for, to, of
等介词后作宾语。
如：
He was left at home
by himself
the whole
day yesterday.
2.
反身代词可以作主语的同位语，主要起加
强语气的作用，意为“亲自，本人，亲
身”。
e.g. The teacher and pupils mended the
road themselves
.
3.
反身代词可以在
be, feel, look, seem
等系动
词后作表语，表示身体或精神状态处于正
常。
e.g.
—
You look pale. What’s wrong with you?
—
I’m not feeling
myself
today, not
serious, though.
注意
(1)
反身代词本身不能单独作主语。
(
正
) I
myself
drove the car.
我自己开车。
(
误
)
Myself
drove the car.
(2)
在由
and, or, nor
连接的并列主语中，第
二个主语可用反身代词，特别是
myself
作主语。
e.g. Charles and
myself
saw it.
(3)
在不强调的情况下，
but, except, for
等介
词后宾语用反身代词或人称代词均可。
e.g. No one but
myself/me
is hurt.
4.
反身代词的习惯搭配
介词
+
反身代词
for oneself
为自己；亲自地
to oneself
对自己；独用
of oneself
自动地
by oneself
独自地
(2)
动词＋反身代词
dress oneself
自己穿衣
make oneself at home
不要客气
seat oneself=be seated
就坐
teach oneself
自学
come to oneself
苏醒
devote oneself to = be devoted to
致力于
enjoy oneself
过得愉快，玩得高兴
help oneself to
自行取用，请自便
accustom oneself to=be accustomed to
习惯于
amuse oneself
消遣，自娱
behave oneself
表现良好
apply oneself to sth
.
致力于
explain oneself
说明自己的意图
express oneself
表达自己的思想
abandon oneself to
沉迷于，放纵
一、指示代词
指示代词是用来指代或标记人或事物的代词，表示“这个（些）”、“那个（些）”。
1.
指上文提到的事物，一般用
that
，有时也用
this
；指下文将要提到的事物，常用
this
或
these
。
如：
He said I was lying, and
that
was unfair.
(that
指代上文
He said I was lying)
What I want you to remember is
this
：
Practise
makes perfect.
(
此句中
this
指代下文，不能换为
that)
指示代词，相互代词，疑问代词和不定代词
2. that/those
可作定语从句的先行词，但
this/these
不能；其中
those
可指人，但
that
不能。
如：
She has known
that
which she wanted to
know.
I admire
those
who are always helping
others.
(those
作定语从句的先行词，指人
)
二、相互代词
相互代词是表示相互关系的代词，只有
each other
和
one another
两个词组，都表示“互相，相互”。
1. each other
和
one another
在句中可以作动词
或介词的宾语。
如：
Let’s help
each other
and learn from
each
other
.
They looked at
one another
and laughed.
2.
作定语时
each other
和
one another
须用
所有格，表示“彼此的”。
如：
We said hello to
one another’s/each
other’s
family.
三、疑问代词
疑问代词是用来进行提问，构成特殊疑问句的词，包括
who, whom, whose, what, which
等。
1.
疑问代词后接
ever
的用法。
(1) whatever/whoever/whomever/whichever
表泛指，意为“无论
……
”
。
如：
You have our support,
whatever
you
decide.
Whichever
of you gets here first will get
the prize.
I don’t want to see them,
whoever
they
are.
(2)
置于疑问代词后，用于加强语气。如：
Whatever
do you mean?
Whoever
heard of such a thing!
2.
疑问代词的单复数形式要由所代表的人或事
物的单复数形式来确定，如果不清楚代表的
人或物是复数还是单数，则谓语动词多用单
数形式。
who/what/which
作主语时，谓语动
词既可以用单数形式，也可以用复数形式。
如：
What
he needs most
is
his mother’s love.
What
we need
are
good books.
四、不定代词
1）不定代词可分为两类：
a.
由body
, one,
thing构成的复合不定代词
人
物
某
someone / somebody
something
任何
anyone / anybody
anything
每个，所有
everyone / everybody
everything
没有
no one / nobody
nothing
b. some, any, both, none, either, neither, all,
one, each, many, much, another, other,
more, most, few, little
等。
2
）不定代词在句中可用作主语、宾语、表
语、同位语、定语或状语。如：
One
should be careful when crossing the street.
Tess
went and said goodbye to
all
her favourite
cows, touching each of them with her hand.
He was little or
nothing of
a translator.
In that case, we’ll
each
pay half.
There’s still
some
wine in the bottle.
It was
nothing
like what I had imagined.
3
）复合不定代词构成的固定短语：
anything but
根本不，一点也不
nothing but
只不过
do nothing but
只有，除
……
之外什么事也不做
have something/nothing to do with
与
……
有
/
无关
something of
有点，有几分
易混淆点辨析
一、全部否定与部分否定
由
some
和
any
构成的不定代词的用法与
some
和
any
的用法基本一致。
all, both, everyone, everybody, everything
以及“
every+
名词”都表示全部肯定；
no one, none, nobody, nothing, not...any
以及“
no+
名词”都表示全部否定；
但当
not
出现在含有全部肯定的不定代词的句子中，不管
not
在它们之前还是在它们之后都表示部分否定。此外
not
与总括性副词如
everywhere, always, wholly, altogether
等连用时也表示部分否定。
e.g.
All of
the boys are clever, but
none of
them can work out this problem.
(all
表示
全部肯定，
none
表示全部否定
)
Such a thing
can’t
be found
everywhere
.
(“not
＋
everywhere”
表示部分否定
)
The exam is very easy, but
not all
of the
students can pass it.
(“not
＋
all”
表示部分否定
)
二、
both, either, neither, each, all, none
both
表示两者都，具有肯定含义；
either
表示两者中的任何一个；
neither
表示两者都不；
each
表示两者或两者以上的每一个；
all
表示全部，指三者或三者以上的人或物，也可笼统地表示“一切，所有”；
none
表示三者或三者以上的人或物的全部否定，与
of
连用或用来回答
how many / much
的提问。
【考例】
It’s an either-or situation — we can buy a new car this year or we can go on holiday but we can’t do _____. (2013
新课标全国卷
II)
A. others B. either
C. another D. both
D
三、
another, other, the other, others, the
others
another
泛指三者或三者以上的人或物中不确定的另一个；
other
表示“另外的人
/
物，别的人
/
物”；
the other
指两者中的另一个；
others = other +
名词，泛指“别的人或物”；
the others
指“一定范围内其余的人或物”，如果被指代的名词是不可数名词，则用
the rest
。
【考例】
In some countries, people eat with chopsticks, while in _____, knives and forks. (
福建
2014)
A. another B. others
C. both D. all
B
四、
much, many, (a) few, (a) little
修饰或代替
肯定
否定
可数名词复数
many
a few
few
不可数名词
much
a little
little
1.
【
2015·
浙江
】
12. How would you like _____ if
you were watching your favorite TV program
and someone came into the room and just
shut it off without asking you?
A. them B. one C. those D. it
【解析】句意：当你正在看一个你喜欢的节目时，突然有个人进来，一声不吭的关掉电视，你会怎么样？
it
作形式宾语，指代
if
后面的句子。
真题再现
2.
【
2015·
天津
】
2. The quality of education in
this small school is better than ______ in
some larger schools.
A. that B. one C. it D. this
【解析
】
句意：这所小学校的教育质量要好于一些大学校。句中代词代指不可数名词
the quality of education
，故用代词
that
。代词
it
和
one
都代指可数名词单数。故选
A
。
3.
【
2015·
陕西
】
13. To warm himself, the
sailor sat in front of the fire rubbing one
bare foot against ______.
A. another B. the other C. other D. either
【解析
】
句意：为了让自己暖和起来，这个水手坐在火前面一只光脚搓着另一只脚。因为人有两只脚，一只是
one
，另外一只是
the other
，所以选
B
。
4.
【
2015·
重庆
】
2. The meeting will be held in September, but ____ knows the date for sure.
A. everybody B. nobody
C. anybody D. somebody
5. ... I’d been at home in Hong Kong,
with
63
(it) choking smog.
（
2015
新课
标全国卷
I
第三部分）
6. If it’s a false alarm and there is no fire,
your teacher will lead us back to the
classroom.
（四川
2014
短文改错）
7. I was eager to see him, but outside her
room I stopped.
（辽宁
2013
短文改错）
its
you
his
8. The fruits are small in size ... There are
so much that we often share them with our
neighbors.
（
2014
新课标全国卷
I
短文改
错）
9. On my recent visit, I held a lively
three-month-old twin that had been rejected
by 68. ___ (it) mother.
（
2016
新课标全
国卷
I
）
10. If we go on a trip abroad, we can broaden
_____ view and gain knowledge we
cannot get from books.
（
2016
新课标全国
卷
II
）
many
its
our
11. I thought I knew everything and could
make decisions by ________ (I).
（
2016
新课标全国卷
III
）
12. In many ways, the education system in the
US is not very different from _____ in
the UK.
（浙江
2016
）
13. Every time he arrived home at the end of
the day, we’d greet ___ at the door.
（浙江
2016
）
myself
that
him
I.
选用下面合适的代词并用其正确形式填（每个单词限用一次）。
whoever, one, it, much, either, nothing, that, another, which, others, those, none
1. There is only a copy of the book in the
library, so I decide to buy ___ in the bookstore.
2. The manager didn’t make ____ clear where
the meeting would be held.
3. —Would you like tea or coffee?
—________. I really don’t mind.
巩固练习
one
it
Either
whoever, one, it, much, either, nothing,
that, another, which, others, those, none
4. ________ wants to stay in the European
Union must have a child with the nationality
of one of the EU member states.
5. Mark whispered so softly that ____ but
Julie heard him.
6. They had gone to a great deal of expense for
________.
Whoever
nothing
none
whoever, one, it, much, either, nothing,
that, another, which, others, those, none
7. This result is only slightly different from
________ obtained in the US.
8. That first hot dog tasted so good I’d like
________.
9. The museum, ______ we visited during the
trip to Britain, is one of London’s tourist
attractions.
10. The cells of the body, especially ______ of
the brain, can live only minutes without
circulating blood.
that
another
which
those
whoever, one, it, much, either, nothing,
that, another, which, others, those, none
11. The couple had one biological child and
adopted three ________.
12. We saw a film but I don’t remember
________ of it.
others
much