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- 2021-02-26 发布
2019
届高考完形填空
解题技巧
完型填空
之能力训练目标
：
词语辨析能力
语法结构分析能力
语篇理解能力
逻辑推理能力
文化背景透析能力
作者意图剖析能力
生活常识综合运用能力
题材常为说明文或
夹叙夹议的文章
.
内容完整
,
逻辑性强
,
语言结构严谨
.
考察近义词语细微差别的辨析
.
考察重点多为实词
:
名
/
代
/
动词
/
形容
/
副词等
.
关注语境背景知识
,
侧重上下关联
,
暗示判断能力
.
侧重于篇章
,
体现语用判断和内在逻辑
.
完型填空特点
:
完形填空总体要求
完形填空全面考查学生的语言知识、阅读理解能力和总体语言水平。
解题过程是对语篇中的缺失信息进行猜测、推断、验证的过程，通常我们可以
借助语篇的上下文线索以及文化背景知识等
进行解题。
解题方法：
总的原则
:
“
先完意，后完形
”
。
八字方针：
上下求索，瞻前顾后。
三步曲：
读
——
填
——
读
三步答题
Step1
Skip
(
跳读
)
the passage to get
the general idea
and pay attention to
the first sentence
.
In the cloze test, there is no blank in
the first sentence
(
首句
)
.
It helps us to know
the topic
of the whole passage
.
(
完形填空首句不挖空，帮助进入语境）
Step2
Reread
and choose the best answer for each blank by using
some
methods
.
(
在把握语篇大意的基础上，借助于一些恰当的方法选择最佳答案
)
Four methods(
四种常用的方法
)
：
1
、
context
(
上下文语境
)
2
、
word distinctions or collocations
(
词语辨析和固定搭配
)
3
、
information given in the passage
(
利用文章中的信息
---
原词复现、近义词和反义词等
)
4
、
cultural background and common sense
(
文化背景和常识
)
Step3
Read the passage again and
check
the answers.
（将所选定的词放到文章中复读检查）
Tips:
1. the tense and the voice
，
the accord between subject and predicate
(
时态语态，主谓语在上下文的中是否一致
)
2. grammar and collocations
(
语法和习惯用法的搭配在上下文中是否一致
)
3. the connection between sentences and paragraphs
(
段与段，句与句之间的衔接是否连贯
)
4. the meaning of the whole passage
(
整体上检查结构、语义及逻辑是否一致，上下文的衔接是否合理
)
完形填空之
九大解题技巧
利用首句来解题
I
did very badly
at school. My headmaster
thought I was
36
and when I was 14, he
said, “You’re never going to be
37(anything)
but a failure. ”
36.A. bright B. useless
C. simple D. hopeful
2.
根据上下文语境，合理推断来解题
Our father was a struggling
36(lawyer)
,
but
I always knew he was
37
. He never
criticized us, but used
38
to bring out our
best.
37. A. strict B. honest
C. special D. learned
38. A. help B. peace
C. smile D. praise
Practice
His big stomach has always
ballooned out
between his T-shirt and trousers.
Although
his family often
43
about that, Ed refused
to buy a
44
T-shirt or to lose weight.
43. A. cared B. forgot
C. quarreled D. joked
44. A. clean B. straight
C. larger D. darker
常见的标志性的词语有以下几种
:
结构层次
:firstly, secondly, thirdly
；
逻辑关系：
thus, therefore, so
；
递进关系：
besides, what’s more, further;
转折关系：
but, while, however
等。
3.
利用语篇的标志性的词语解题
She told the front-desk clerk she had had
a(n) __1_vacation, but was heart-broken
about losing several rolls of Kodak color
film she had not yet developed.
1.A. disappointing B. wonderful
C. uncomfortable D. important
__
…and the officers then began to eat their meal , saying that the mushrooms had a very strange__37_quite pleasant taste.
37. A. besides B. but
C. and D. or
4. 根据逻辑推理解题
Students generally appreciate these special
50
opportunities. They are almost
always fun and interesting, and
professors
51
them too because students
learn
so
much in just a few short months.
50. A. working B. living
C. teaching D. learning
51. A. hold B. like
C. dislike D. discover
Practice
The amount of usable water has always been of great interest in the world.
36(Owning)
springs and streams sometimes means control , particularly in the
37
areas
like the desert.
A
．
dry B
．
distant
C
．
deserted D
．
wild
5. 根据常识和文化背景的角度来选择
I went into a café and asked for a coffee.
21
I was waiting for my drink, I realized that there were other people in the place , but I sensed
22 (loneliness)
.
A
．
Before B
．
Since
C
．
Although D
．
While
6.从语法角度来解题
1) He was only fourteen and was not good at swimming__1_.So he shouldn’t have gone into that place.
1.A.after all B.in all C.at all D. for all
2) So I tried hard with my writing and went to college . My first novel
45
while I was at college.
45. A. came on B. came in
C. came out D. came back
7.
从词汇辨析和固定搭配方面来解题
8.利用词汇的复现解题
How does a tooth
go bad
? The
51
begins in a little crack in the enamel (
珐琅）
covering of the tooth. This happens after germs and bits of food have collected there. Then the
decay
slowly spreads inside the tooth. In the end, poison goes into blood, and we may feel quite ill.
51. A. destruction B. decay
C. fault D. hurt
上文中讲蛀牙如何产生。 空
51
和红体单词在意义上是一致的， 属于
同义词复现现象
。
….I raised the pistol and fired. The
animal fell backwards with an angry cry.
Father took the
___38____
smoking
pistol
from my hand , and fired another shot,
which killed the gorilla.
38. A. still B. yet C. even D. already
9.利用语气副词的情景解题
完形填空之
实战训练
Are dreams of any use to
the dreamer or to anybody
else? We may remember
the traveler who __1_______
the ship Waratah at Durban
because of his terrible
_2_______. The Waratah later
disappeared entirely, with
everyone on _3________. The
traveler’s dreams helped
him and saved him from
_4__________, but they didn’t
help the other people. Why
was this man treated
_5___________ from everyone
else?
1. A. left B. got
C. drove D. enter
2. A. ideas
B. suggestions
C. dreams D. words
3. A. board B. ship
C. sea D. deck
4. A. life B. death
C. illness D. disease
5. A. similarly
B. differently
C. strangely
D. unfortunately
left
board
death
differently
dreams
Another man _
6
_____ had
a dream about the Black
Forest in Germany. In his
dream he was walking in
the forest _
7
______ two men
ran out and tried to throw
him to the _
8
_______. He ran
off as fast as he could, but
they followed. He reached
a place _
9
_____ he saw two
_
10
________ roads in front of
him,
one
to the right and
the other
to the left. Which
road ought he to _
11
______ ?
6. A. alone B. once
C. still D. even
7. A. while B. as
C. before D. when
8. A. floor B. earth
C. soil D. ground
9. A. which B. that
C. where D. who
10. A. same B. separate
C. divided D. crossed
11. A. take B. bring
C. carry D. go
句型
下文有暗示
宾语
separate
where
ground
when
once
take
He heard the two men
_12____ him, getting nearer
and at the same time he
heard a voice in his ear. It
told him to go to the _13__ ,
and he did so. He ran on
and soon came to a small
hotel. He was _14________
here kindly and given a
room, and so he was _15__
from the two men. That
was the dream.
12. A. next to
B. in front of
C. beside D. behind
13. A. house B. hotel
C. left D. right
14. A. accepted
B. received
C. refused D. closed
15. A. killed
B. murdered
C. saved D. robbed
behind
right
下文有暗示
received
saved
16. A. exactly B. really
C. sincerely D. actually
17. A. happened
B. performed
C. acted D. chose
18. A. forgot
B. remembered
C. missed
D. noticed
19. A. arrived B. left
C. reached D. got
20. A. ago B. before
C. later D. after
Twenty years later he was
_16_______ in the Black Forest
and as it _17_________ in the
dream long before, two men
ran out and tried to throw him
down. He ran off, and came to
a place with two roads as in
the dream.He_18__________ the
dream and took the road to
the right. He soon _19_______a
small hotel, was taken in, and
so was safe. His dream of
twenty years _20_________ had
Saved his life.
really
happened
remembered
reached
before
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11
题答案
第
13
题答案