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2018届二轮复习 虚拟语气考点讲与练
一·语气概述
和时态语态一样，语气也是谓语动词的一种形式，它表明说话者的目的和意图。英语中有三种语气：陈述语气，祈使语气和虚拟语气。（有的语法书说语气有四种，即还包括疑问语气）。
eg：①He doesn’t see very well in his right eye .他右眼视力不太好。（陈述语气）
②Have they ever been to Australia ?他们去过澳大利亚没有？（疑问语气）
③Please read through the instruction in advance .请先通读说明书。（祈使语气）
二·虚拟语气概述
在英语中，由于说话人的意图不同，动词需用不同的形式，称为语气。虚拟语气是指说话人表示一种假设的情况，一种愿望，怀疑，推测，请求等，即认为动词所表示的动作或状态并非事实。虚拟语气可用于状语从句，名词性从句，定语从句及其他结构中。
三·非真实条件句中的虚拟语气
真实条件句（遵循主将从现原则）
A. 由If引导的两种条件句：
非真实条件句（虚拟语气）
以下为If在非真实条件句中虚拟语气的形式和用法：
假设类型
If从句
主句
与现在事实相反
did
(be用were)
should/would/
could/might do
与过去事实相反
had done
should/would/
could/might have done
与将来事实相反
1)did
2)were to do
3)should do
should/would/
could/might do
eg：①If I were you ,I would reconsider their advice .如果我是你的话，我会重新考虑他们的意见。（与现在事实相反）
②You would not have caught a cold if you had put on more clothes .如果你多穿了些衣服，你就不会得感冒了。（与过去事实相反）
③If I were to / should do it ,I would do it in different way .如果我做这件事，我将用不同的方法做。（与将来事实相反）
注意:在非正式文体中，如果If 条件句中有助动词were ,should ,had 可将其提于主语之前（位于句首），再把If省掉，即形成部分倒装。
常见的有：①If I were you ... = Were I you ... 如果我是你/我要是你......
②If it were not for ... = Were it not for ...如果要不是......
③If it had not been for ...=Had it not been for ...如果当时要不是...
（③主句用:should/could/would/might have done的形式）
B. 错综时间条件句。
有时，条件句表示的动作和主句表示的动作发生的时间是不一致的，这时，动词的形式要根据表示的时间来调整，这种句子被称为“错综时间条件句”。
eg：①If the weather had been more favorable ,the crops would be growing still better .如果天气更好的话，庄稼就会长得跟好些。（从句指过去，主句指现在）
②If I were you ,I would have taken his advice .我要是你，我就采取了他的建议。（从句指现在，主句指过去）
C. 含蓄虚拟条件句(虚拟形式:情+have done/do)。
有时假设的情况不以条件句的形式表现出了，而是通过一个介词短语或分词或其他方式表现出来，如：but for（若不是），without,under,otherwise,but,or,but that（若不是）等。
当 but(that),or,otherwise+从句 时，用法如下：
①陈述句 +, or/otherwise 从句（虚拟）
②虚拟 + ,but(that) 从句 （陈述句）
（技巧： 情+have done + ,but(that) 从句（did） ）。
另外：不定式短语或分词也可引导暗含虚拟条件句。
eg：①You would have laughed to see him jump aside .你要是看到他跳到一边的样子会大笑起来的。
②Given more time and money ,he could have done it better than what it is .如果给更多的时间和钱的话，他会把事情做得比现在更好。
D. If only...引导的条件句（常用感叹的形式）表示强烈的不满，遗憾或愿望，主句常省略，意为：“要是/如果......该多好啊/就好了！”。
用法：从句用did表示与现在事实相反；用would/could/ might do表示与将来事实相反；用had done表示与过去事实相反。（注意：“only if ...”意为：“只要......”，位于句首时采用部分倒装。）
结构简图：
eg：①If only I could see him once more ! 我要是再见到他就好了！
②If only we had telephoned him in advance !要是事先给他打个电话就好了！
E. Suppose/Supposing /providing/provided (that)...,what if...等某些特殊的连词后引导的条件句中（有时无主句），表示与现在或将来事实相反用did；表示与过去相反用had done 。
eg：①Suppose/Supposing (that) we told her the truth .假定我们把事情的真相告诉她。
②What if you came tomorrow instead of today . 如果我是你明天来而不是今天来呢？
四·名词性从句中的虚拟语气
即主句含有:建议、命令、请求、要求、愿望、主张等意思时，后面的从句用:(should)+V原/should have done的形式。但注意，若从句中含有”竟然，惊讶，诧异”之意时，”should”则不可以省。
特殊用法：
⑴ . wish用法如下：
1． 表示与现在相反的愿望:
主语 + wish (that)...did (were)...
2． 表示与过去相反的愿望:
主语 + wish (that)...had done...
(注意：如果wish在表达对过去情况的虚拟而不是未实现的愿望时，有时也可用:主语 + wish (that)...would/could have done)。
3． 表示与将来相反的愿望：
主语 + wish (that)... could/would/might do
虚拟(意为：建议)
⑵ . suggest (that) +
陈述(意为：表明、暗示、认为)
虚拟:动作尚未发生(即:坚持要求做…)
insist (that) +
陈述:动作已经发生(即:坚持认为某种观点，看法，事实等)
⑶. had/would sooner/rather + that...从句中意为“宁愿”，用did表示对现在或将来的虚拟；用had done表示对过去的虚拟。
⑷. 由as if/though引导的表语从句
虚拟: 同wish用法；be在第一，三人称可用were/was。
陈述：表示可能发生的几率很大或被假设为真实的。
五·副词性从句中的虚拟语气
A. as if/though用法虽同wish ，但也有一些区别，如下。
as if/though 从句时态不受主句限制:
①在谈论现在情形时用一般过去时。
②在谈论过去情形时用：
Ⅰ.一般过去时：表示过去当时存在的某种状态，但若状态动词后带有持续的时间状语，则要用过去完成时。
eg：They talked as if they had been friends for years.
He looked at me as if I were mad.
Ⅱ.过去完成时: 表过去的动作先于主句而发生，即使主句是现在时，as if 从句中的谓语动词也要用 had done.
eg: It seems as if it had gone bad.它闻起来好像坏了。
③在谈论将来情形时用: would (could/might) + do
B. in case ,lest ,for fear that 表“以防，以免”
等引导的目的状语中的虚拟语气，其后的形式为: (should)+V原 (但注意 ,in case 句中的should通常不省)。若不用虚拟也可用陈述，即用:一般现在时或过去时。
C. even if/though “即使，纵然，虽然”
虚拟:同if用法相同 (方法:主句含有情态动词的过去式)。
陈述:表示真实情况。
六·形容词性从句中的虚拟语气
固定句型 did
It is(high/about/the very/quite)time+(that)定从
译为，“该是…的时候了” Should do
七·虚拟语气的其他用法
⑴ . 表示过去本打算做而实际上没有做。
句型: had done (be,intend,think,mean,plan,hope,etc) to do = Ved + to have done ,would love/like to have done
⑵ . had hoped 表过去未实现的愿望，译为”要想，希望…”，从句谓语常用”would +V原” eg: He had hoped that the family would come before his granny came. ———2013年湖北高考
⑶ . may(might) as well + V原 ，译为”不妨，倒不如”，表示劝说、建议、劝告等。若其后带有某种消极情绪时，常用:might.
⑷ . 表示祝愿、命令的简单句中，eg：Long may you live.
虚拟用法形式总结:
含三种:①所有含if的从句(除what if…外)。②wish从句。
含两种:①某些特殊连词后的条件句。②what if…从句。③would rather从句。④定从中的虚拟。
含一种:①含蓄虚拟语气(情+have done/do)。②名词性从句(除wish外)与表”以防”意义的条件句中的虚拟一样(should+V原)。
高考例题：
1. If only he __C__ quietly as the doctor instructed, he would not suffer so much now.
A. lies B. lay C. had lain D. should lie
2. How I wish every family __B__ a large house with a beautiful garden.
A. has B. had C. will have D. had had
3. You did not let me drive. If we __D__ in turn, you ____ so tired
A. drove; didn’t get B. drove; wouldn’t get C. were driving; wouldn’t get D. had
driven ; wouldn’t have got
4. ___B__ it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the visit to the Yang pu Bridge
A. Were B. Should C. Would D. Will
5. I suggested the person ___C__ to be put into prison
A. refers B. referring C. referred D. refer
6. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it __C__
A. breaks B. has broken C. were broken D. had been broken
7. I insisted ___C__ to see a doctor, but he insisted nothing ___ wrong with him
A. on him to go; should be B. he went; be C. he go; was D. he should to; is
8. ---Your aunt invites you to the movies today
---I had rather she __B__ me tomorrow than today
A. tells B. told C. would tell D. had told
9. ---Would you have called her up had it been possible
---Yes, but I __A__ busy doing my homework
A. was B. were C. had been D. would be
10. I was ill that day, otherwise I __A__ the sports meet
A. would have taken part in B. took part in C. had taken part in D. would take part in
11. _D__ the clouds, you would find the airplane in the sky easily
A. Had it not been for B. If it were not C. If it had not been for D. Were it not for
12. If my lawyer __A__ here last Sunday, he ____ me from going
A. had been, would have prevented B. had been, would prevent C. were, prevent D. were, would have prevented
13. __B__ hard, he would have passed the exam
A. If he were to work B. Had he worked C. Should he work D. Were he to work
14. __A__ today, he would get there by Friday
A. Were he to leave B. If he had left C. Did he to leave D. Had he left
15. Had you listened to the doctor, you __C__ all right now
A. are B. were C. would be D. would have been
16. I did not see your sister at the meeting. If she __D__, she would have met my brother
A. has come B. did come C. come D. had come
17. He __B__ busy yesterday, or he ___you with your experiment.
A. was, had helped B. was, would have helped C. had been, would have helped D. were, would have helped
18. If it __C__ for the snow, we____ the mountain yesterday
A. were not, could have climb B. were not, could climb C. had not been, could have climbed D. hadn’t been, could climb
19. Without electricity, human life __D__ quite difficult today
A. is B. will be C. would have been D. would be
20. ---I am going to tell her the news
---I would as soon you __A___ her about it
A. didn’t tell B. don’t tell C. hadn’t tell D. won’t tell
21. Mike’s father, as well as his mother, insisted he __D__ home
A. stayed B. could stay C. has stayed D. stay
22. It was requested that the play __C__ again
A. should put on B. would put on C. be put on D. put on
23. She insisted that a doctor __C___ immediately
A. had sent for B. send C. be sent for D. was sent
24. ---Did you scold him for his carelessness
----Yes, but __B__ it
A. I’d rather not do B. I’d rather not have done C. I should’ t do D. I’d better not do
25. If only I _A__ my car
A. hadn’t lost B. wouldn’t lose C. didn’t lose D. haven’t lost
26. But for water, it __C__ impossible to live in the earth
A. is B. would C. were D. wouldn’t be
27. I would rather you __B__ anything about it for the time being
A. do B. didn’t do C. don’t D. didn’t
28. The kind-hearted couple treat the orphan very well as though he __B__ their own son
A. is B. were C. had been D. should be
29. How the old people wish that they __A__ young once more
A. were B. could become C. had been D. should be
30. It is high time that we __B__ a meeting to discuss this problem
A. hold B. held C. have held D. had held
31. The thief closed his eyes __D__ he ____dying
A. even if , was B. though, would be C. even, had been D. as if, were
32. I wish that you __C__ such a bad headache because I am sure that you would have enjoyed the concert
A. had not B. did not have had C. hadn’t had D. hadn’t have
33. The chairman insisted that we __C__ the question again
A. will discuss B. to discuss C. should discuss D. will be discussed
34. He requested that the students __A__ them get in crops
A. help B. to help C. helped D. helping
35. The guard at the gate insisted that everybody __B___ the rules
A. obeys B. obey C. will obey D. would obey
36. I wish I __B__ here then
A. was B. had been C. were D. would be
37. It is strange that he __D__ back so early
A. came B. will come C. had come D. should have come
38. Mother suggested that I _B__ my homework first before watching TV
A. did B. do C. shall do D. have done
39. My suggestion is that the meeting __A__ off till next Sunday
A. be put B. put C. should put D. had been put
40. He is talking so much about America as if he __A__
there
A. had been B. has been C. was D. been
41. The teacher demanded that the exam __C___ before eleven
A. must finish B. would be finished C. be finished D. must be finished
42. ---Sorry, Joe. I did not mean to……
----Don’t call me “Joe”, I am Mr. Parker to you, and __D__ you forget it!
A. do B. didn’t C. did D. don’t
43. I did not attend the lecture by Pro. Jackson. I __C__ but I ____ all this morning
A. would, have washed B. could, have been washing C. would have, have been washing D. could have, had washing
44. How I wish I __B__ to repair the watch! I only made it worse
A. had tried B. hadn’t tried C. have tried D. didn’t try
45. ----How could I thank you enough?
----Don’t mention it. Any other man __C__ it
A. must do B. could do C. would have done D. should have done
46. Key European governments insist Iraq’s co-operation __D__ good and military action______ to allow inspections to continue
A. be, be delayed B. is, delay C. should be, be delayed D. is , be delayed
47. If the hurricane had happened during the day-time, __D__ more deaths
A. it would have been B. it would be C. there would be D. there would have been
48. What the customers __B___ from the company is that the goods ____ right to their homes.
A. requested, deliver B. demand, be delivered C. request, should deliver D. demand, delivered
49. If law-breakers __C___ the society will be in disorder
A. made unpunished B. came unpunished C. went unpunished D. not punished
50. We took a taxi to the airport. Otherwise we __D__ late
A. would be B. were C. will be D. would have been
51. Supposing he never __B__, what would happen then
A. come B. came C. would come D. will come
52. What do you think is his proposal that we __B__ a play at the English meeting
A. had put on B. should put on C. have put on D. will put on
53. I hope that you __A__ right
A. will be B. should be C. were D. would be
54. It would be impossible for him to leave hospital tomorrow if __A__ first aid when the accident happened. A. hadn’t been given B. wasn’t be given C. shouldn’t be given D. wouldn’t be given
55. He insisted that we __A__ early the next morning
A. start B. started C. would start D. had started
56. I did not see your sister at the meeting. If she __C__, she would have met my brother
A. has come B. did come C. had come D. came
57. We __D__ last night, but we went to the cinema instead
A. must have studied B. might study C. would study D. would have
studied
58. If it __C___ for the snow, we _____the Simian Mountain last week
A. were not, could have climbed B. were not, could climb C. had not been , could have climbed D. had not been, could climb
59. Without electricity human life __D__ quite different today
A. is B. will be C. would have been D. would be
60. I wish I __C___ you yesterday
A. seen B. did see C. had seen D. were to see
61. He talks as if he __D__ for ages
A. is living there B. was living there C. has lived there D. had lived there
62. The judge ordered the thief __A__ punished
A. should be B. would be C. was to be D. must be
63. Her pale face suggested that she __B__ ill, and her parents suggested that she _____ a medical examination
A. be, should have B. was, have C. should, had D. was, has
64. They are talking __A__ they had known each other for years
A. as if B. even if C. like D. because
65. Had you done as I told you, you __B__
A. would succeed B. would have succeeded C. were to succeed D. should succeed
66. ___C___ your help, I ____the exam
A. Without, will fail B. If not , will fail C. But for, would have failed D. If it is not for, would have failed
67. I would rather you __C__ at once
A. leave B. will leave C. left D. should leave
68. __D__ today, she would arrive in New York by Tuesday
A. If he leaves B. Would he have left C. Was he leaving D. Were he to leave
69. It is high time you __C__ to school
A. will go B. would go C. Went D. had gone
70. If he had taken the doctor’s advice, he __D___ been in hospital now
A. shouldn’t B. hadn’t C. wouldn’t have D. would not
71. It is necessary that he __A__ to the lab right now
A. come B. came C. would come D. is coming
72. But that he __B__ it, he wouldn’t have believed it
A. see B. saw C. had seen D. sees
73. Their suggestion is that the wounded soldiers __A__ to hospital at once
A. be sent B. is sent C. was sent D. should send
74. I would buy that car but I __A__ enough money
A. do not have B. did not have C. will not have D. had not had
75. If only we __B__ about the danger, we couldn’t have joined you
A. knew B. had known C. would know D. should know
76. It was ordered that no smoking __C__ in the library
A. was allowed B. would be allowed C. be allowed D. had been allowed
77. __D__ you come earlier, you would have met him
A. Should B. Would C. Could D.
Had
78. ---You should have finished your homework earlier
----I know but I __B__ the time
A. don’t have B. didn’t have C. won’t have D. had not
79. I tried his best in everything, ___A__ he wouldn’t have been what he was
A. otherwise B. but C. and D. but that
80. How I wish I __B__ such a good chance before
A. didn’t miss B. hadn’t missed C. met D. have met
81. __D_ your letter, I would have started off two days ago
A. If I could have received B. If I received C. Should I received D. Had I received
82. I would ask Tom to lend us money if I __B__ him
A. had known B. knew C. have known D. know
83. If it __A__ tomorrow, what shall we do?
A. rains B. would rain C. rained D. should rain
84. If he _D__ come a few minutes earlier, you would have met him
A. would B. should C. / D. had
85. If he were to come tomorrow, things __B_ easier
A. should be B. would be C. are D. can be
86. If you __C__ that late movie last night, you would not be so sleepy now
A. haven’t watched B. didn’t watch C. hadn’t watched D. wouldn’t have watched
87. __A__ difficulties, we would be successful
A. Should we overcome B. Would we overcome C. Might we overcome D. Could we overcome
88. If only everything __B_ out, as we wanted it to in life
A. is working B. worked C. works D. has worked
89. Mary ___C__ to college last year. Unfortunately, she could not take the examinations because of a sudden illness
A. could go B. did go C. could have gone D. must have gone
90. I wish it __C__ not so cold outside
A. shall be B. be C. were D. is
91. He insisted that we all __A__ in his office at one o’clock
A. be B. to be C. would be D. shall be
92. He insisted that he __C__ our car
A. should steal B. would steal C. hadn’t stolen D. steal
93. Their suggestion is that we __D__ go out for a walk
A. can B. have C. shall D. /
94. It is necessary that he __A__ in time to attend the meeting
A. come B. came C. would come D. need come
95. I __C__ that she had left her home yesterday
A. have thought B. Think C. had thought D. should think
96. We have been sitting doing nothing about it for days. It is time we __C__ the problem
A. shook hands with B. got to brass tacks with C. got to solve D. reached the bottom
of
97. He has just arrived, but he talks as if he __D__ about that
A. know B. knows C. known D. knew
98. In case I ___C__, I would try again
A. will fail B. would miss C. should fail D. shall fail
99. __B__ I will marry him all the same
A. Were he rich or poor B. Be he rich or poor C. Whether rich or poor D. Being rich or poor
100. Without gravity, we __D__ able to walk
A. were B. should be C. can be D. should not be