【英语】2019届高考英语二轮复习增分技巧学案：专题三习题讲评课二 8页

‎ 因不能发现远距离复现词而错选 词汇复现是指某一个词以原词，或同/ 近义词(如decide与determine)、‎ 同根词(如ill与illness)、上下义词(如rose是flower的下义词， flower是 利用词汇 复现解题 rose的上义词)、反义词(如wrong与right)等方式在同一语篇中重复出现 的现象。词汇复现是语篇衔接的一个重要手段。我们在解答完形填空 题时，要留心选项中是否有与上下文中的词汇相对应的词，利用词汇 复现解题。‎ ‎1．原词复现——在上下文中同一词汇重复出现 ‎[典例]　(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)During my second year at the city college, I was told that the education department was offering a “free” course, called Thinking Chess, for three credits ...‎ I managed to get an A in that 53 and learned life lessons that have served me well beyond the 54. classroom. ‎ ‎53．A.game　　　　　　　　 B．presentation C．course D．experiment 分析：本题可以利用原词复现解题。根据文章首句中的“the education department was offering a ‘free’ course”可知，“我”设法在那门“课程”上获得了A，此处是course的原词复现，故选C项。‎ ‎2．同/近义词复现——意思相同、相近的表达方式，或者解释性的词汇复现 ‎[典例]　(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)The baby was born and update texts were 47.coming in quickly from the overjoyed grandmother, Teresa.In her 48 ， she didn’t seem to realize that she was 49.sharing the baby’s photos with a complete stranger.‎ ‎48．A.opinion B．anxiety C．excitement D．effort 分析：本题可以利用近义词复现解题。根据上文中的“the overjoyed grandmother”可知，此处填入的词应与“overjoyed (欣喜若狂的)”在语义范畴上一致，故选C项。‎ ‎3．同根词复现——词形变化的词汇复现 ‎[典例]　(2016·北京高考)It was a cold January in ‎1925 in Nome, Alaska.The town was cut off from the rest of the world due to heavy snow.‎ ‎...‎ How could the medicine get to Nome? The town’s 39.harbor was already full of ice, so ‎ it couldn’t come by ship.Cars and horses couldn’t travel on the 40 roads.‎ ‎40．A.narrow B．snowy C．busy D．dirty 分析：本题可以利用同根词复现解题。根据选文第一段可知，大雪覆盖了道路，切断了小镇与世界的联系，故汽车和马无法在满是雪的(snowy)道路上行进，空格处与第一段最后一个单词snow是同根词复现。故选B。‎ ‎4．上下义词复现——总括与分述的词汇复现 ‎[典例]　(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)Sitting back in the car on the way to the airport, I figured it all out.Rani’s 59 — her warm smile, her nods, her ‘I’m here for you’ 60.attitude — were all silent signals that didn’t travel through wires.‎ ‎59．A.forgiveness B．eagerness C．friendliness D．skillfulness 分析：本题可以利用上下义词复现解题。根据下文“她温暖的微笑，她的点头，她的’我在这里为你我服务’的态度”等表明瑞妮很友好(friendliness)，故选C。其中smile，nod等是下义词(具体行为)，friendliness是上义词(概括)。‎ ‎5．反义词 ‎[典例]　(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)I had advised the kids that while verbs (动词) may seem dull, most of the 50 things they do throughout their lives will be verbs.‎ ‎50．A.simple B．unique C．fun D．clever 分析：本题可以利用反义词复现解题。根据前面的while(虽然)可知，空格处应填与dull(无聊的，枯燥无味的)意思上相反的词fun，表示“有趣的，令人快乐的”。故选C。‎ ‎(铺阴影的题目为“可利用词汇复现解题”)‎ A 体裁 话题 词数 限时 议论文 道歉 ‎263‎ ‎16分钟 Most people say “I’m sorry” many times a day for a host of trivial (琐碎的) things.These apologies are easy and usually readily 1 ， often with a response like, “No problem.” 2 ， when “I’m sorry” are the words needed to right truly hurtful words or acts, they can be the hardest ones to 3 .And even when an apology is offered with the best of intentions, it can be seriously 4 by the way in which it is worded.A poorly worded apology can 5 lasting anger and 6 an important relationship.‎ I admit to a lifetime of challenges when it comes to 7 ， especially when I thought I was right or 8 .But I recently 9 that the need for an apology is less about me than ‎ the person who is 10 by something I said or did or failed to do.I also learned that a sincere apology can be extremely 11 for the recipient (接受者) as well as the 12 .‎ After learning that a neighbour who seemed 13 due to my small errors, I wrote a 14 and apologized for my 15 .I said I wasn’t asking for 16 ， merely hoping that we could have a harmonious 17 ， and then delivered the letter with a jar of my homemade jam.‎ Expecting nothing 18 ， I was greatly relieved when my doorbell rang and the neighbour 19 me for what I had said and done.I felt as if I’d not only got rid of a(n) 20 but made a new friend, which is indeed how it played out in the days that followed.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。不找任何借口，带着诚意与尊重为自己的过失道歉，不仅会减少一个敌人，而且会多交一个朋友。‎ ‎1．A.accepted　　　　　　　 B．found C．proved D．remembered 解析：选A　根据该空后的“often with a response like, ‘No problem.’”可知，大多数人每天为各种微不足道的小事说许多次“对不起”，这些道歉容易做到，通常也易于“接受(accepted)”。‎ ‎2．A.Therefore B．Otherwise C．However D．Besides 解析：选C　根据上文中的“easy”与下文中的“hardest”的对比可知，该空前后两个句子之间是语意上的转折关系，故However符合语境。‎ ‎3．A.say B．gain C．forget D．control 解析：选A　根据该空前的“to right truly hurtful words or acts”可知，但是当“对不起”是为了弥补确实很伤人的话语或行为时，会很难“说(say)”出口。另外联系上文中的“apologies”以及该空前的“I’m sorry”可知，要道歉就是要说出口。‎ ‎4．A.described 　　　　　　 B．weakened C．recorded D．trusted 解析：选B　根据下文中的“poorly worded”与选项中的“weakened”近义词复现可知，即便你是本着最大的善意致歉，也有可能因为措辞不当而被“削弱(weakened)”。‎ ‎5．A.depend on B．look on C．take in D．result in 解析：选D　根据上文内容可知，措辞不当的道歉会“导致(result in)”持久的愤怒，也会“破坏(destroy)”一段重要的关系。‎ ‎6．A.continue B．manage C．judge D．destroy 解析：选D　参见上题解析。‎ ‎7．A.lying B．dreaming C．apologizing D．praising 解析：选C　根据“especially when I thought I was right”可知，作者承认“道歉(apologizing)”是人生的一个挑战，尤其是当他认为自己是对的，或被“误解(misunderstood)”时。其中right与misunderstood是并列关系。‎ ‎8．A.admired B．worried C．misunderstood D．delighted 解析：选C　参见上题解析。‎ ‎9．A.discovered B．expected C．promised D．feared 解析：选A　根据“But”提示和该空前后语境转折可知，“that the need ...failed to do”是作者最近“发现(discovered)”的道理。‎ ‎10．A.moved B．hurt C．attracted D．criticized 解析：选B　根据该空后的“by something I said or did or failed to do”可知，被自己所言、所行或未能做到的事“伤害(hurt)”到的人，更需要“我”的道歉。‎ ‎11．A.simple B．impossible C．beneficial D．interesting 解析：选C　根据下一段的具体事例可知，真诚的道歉不论对接受者还是“给予者(giver)”而言，都是非常“有好处的(beneficial)”。‎ ‎12．A.quitter 　　　　　　　 B．giver C．lover D．rescuer 解析：选B　参见上题解析。上文“recipient”和选项中的“giver”是反义词。‎ ‎13．A.excited B．puzzled C．embarrassed D．annoyed 解析：选D　根据该空后的“due to my small errors”以及“apologized for”可知，邻居因作者的一些小错误而“感到恼火(annoyed)”。‎ ‎14．A.letter　　　　　　 　 B．book C．story D．poem 解析：选A　根据第17空后的“delivered the letter”提示可知，作者写了一封“信(letter)”。此处为原词复现。‎ ‎15．A.jokes　　　　 　　 　 B．mistakes C．excuses D．decisions 解析：选B　根据第13空后的“small errors”和选项中的“mistakes”之间是同义词复现关系，故此处表示作者为自己的“错误(mistakes)”道歉。‎ ‎16．A.introduction B．suggestion C．forgiveness D．encouragement 解析：选C　根据该空后的“merely hoping that we could have a harmonious ‎17 ”‎以及最后一段中的“Expecting nothing”可知，作者并不请求“原谅(forgiveness)”。‎ ‎17．A.occupation B．relationship C．community D．situation 解析：选B　根据上文可知，因作者的错误破坏了他与邻居之间的关系，那么作者道歉的初衷只是希望保持一种和谐的“关系(relationship)”。‎ ‎18．A.in total B．in turn C．in brief D．in return 解析：选D　联系上下文内容可知，作者并不期待任何“回报(in return )”。‎ ‎19．A.thanked B．changed C．comforted D．helped 解析：选A　根据该空前的“greatly relieved”可知，邻居“感谢(thanked)”作者所说的话和所做的事。‎ ‎20．A.worker　　　　　　　 B．relative C．neighbour D．enemy 解析：选D　根据该空后的“but”转折可知，该空与“a new friend”形成对比，故enemy符合语境。此处“friend”与“enemy”是反义词。‎ B 体裁 话题 词数 限时 记叙文 母亲的来信 ‎263‎ ‎15分钟 ‎“I have a letter for you，” my friend Kirsten told me on the phone.“I think it’s from your mother.” I was 1 ， since my mother had been 2 for seven years.‎ A few weeks later Kirsten handed me the 3 dated Aug.30,2002.Around then I was preparing for my pilot course’s final exam at the 4 school.The students finished the training on 5 days.I was the first to 6 .My mother’s letter 7 after I left.Kirsten picked it up from my mailbox, to keep it 8 she next saw me. 9 ， a few days later, when it was her turn to leave, she 10 the letter among the piles of papers she 11 packed into boxes.It 12 there for a decade, during which my mother died.In 2013, when Kirsten 13 some dusty belongings from her flying school days, she 14 the letter.‎ It’s been two years since Kirsten gave me the letter which I’ve carried on my long flights.But I haven’t 15 it yet.When I told some friends this, they 16 their heads.They said they wouldn’t have been able to wait a second.Of course, I 17 — How could I not? — about her ‎18 in the envelope.Surely, I think, she had written to wish me luck, ask about my life and tell me the news from 19 to make me at ease.However, for now it’s 20 to look at her handwriting on the envelope, and to remember that until I open it, I know I’ll hear from her once more.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了“我”的母亲写给“我”的一封信，但由于意外，“我”在十年后才收到这封信。“我”在文中表达了对母亲的怀念。‎ ‎1．A.delighted　　 　　　　　 B．confused C．terrified D．moved 解析：选B　根据下文可知，“我”的母亲已经去世七年了。所以，当朋友告诉“我”这封信来自“我”的母亲时，“我”很迷惑(confused)。‎ ‎2．A.back　　　　　　　　　 B．lost C．dead D．sick 解析：选C　根据第二段中的“during which my mother died”可知，选C。此处属于同根词复现。‎ ‎3．A.envelope　 　　　　　 　 B．package C．ticket D．stamp 解析：选A　根据第一段可知，这是母亲写给“我”的一封信，所以柯尔丝滕交给“我”的是一个带有日期的信封。且文章最后一句中的“on the envelope”也是信息暗示，属于原词复现，故选A。‎ ‎4．A.art　　　　　　　　 　　 B．sports C．flight D．military 解析：选C　根据空前的“my pilot course’s final exam”和下文中的“flying school days”以及第三段第一句中的“on my long flights”可知，作者上的是飞行学校。此处是原词复现，故选C。‎ ‎5．A.blessed B．hard C．particular D．different 解析：选D　根据下文可知，“我”是第一个离开的，再结合下文中的“when it was her turn to leave”可知，学生们是在不同的日子完成训练的，故选D。‎ ‎6．A.flee　　　　　　　　　　 B．leave C．fly D．escape 解析：选B　根据下文中的“after I left”可知，此处leave符合语境。此处为原词复现。‎ ‎7．A.landed B．returned C．disappeared D．delivered 解析：选A　根据下文“Kirsten picked it up from my mailbox, to keep it”可知，在“我”离开之后，母亲的信到了。land“着陆，到达”。‎ ‎8．A.until B．when C．unless D．after 解析：选A　柯尔丝滕从“我”的邮箱里把信拿出来，保存到她下次见到“我”的时候(再给“我”)，故选A。until“直到……”符合语境。‎ ‎9．A.Surely B．Thankfully C．Doubtfully D．Unfortunately 解析：选D　根据上下文语境可知，此处表示转折，不幸的是(Unfortunately)，轮到她离开时，她把那封信误放到(misplaced)她匆忙(hurriedly)装到箱子里的成堆的文件里了。‎ ‎10．A.removed B．misplaced C．hid D．unfolded 解析：选B　参见上题解析。‎ ‎11．A.slowly B．seriously C．hurriedly D．carefully 解析：选C　参见第9题解析。‎ ‎12．A.appeared B．stood C．settled D．remained 解析：选D　结合语境可知，它在那里待了十年。remain“停留，保持”。‎ ‎13．A.sorted through B．set down C．put down D．got through 解析：选A　2013年，当她查看并整理(sorted through)一些在飞行学校上学时留下来的积满灰尘的物品的时候，她发现了(found)那封信。sort through“查看并整理”。‎ ‎14．A.posted B．recalled C．found D．addressed 解析：选C　参见上题解析。‎ ‎15．A.received　　　　　　 　 B．opened C．touched D．replied 解析：选B　根据文章最后一句中的“and to remember that until I open it”可知选B。此处为原词复现。‎ ‎16．A.nodded B．lifted C．shook D．lowered 解析：选C　根据下一句“They said they wouldn’t have been able to wait a second.”可知，当“我”告诉他们“我”还没有打开信的时候，他们不赞成“我”的做法，故应为摇了摇头。‎ ‎17．A.complain B．inquire C．worry D．wonder 解析：选D　当然，“我”也想知道她在信里写了什么。“How could I not？”为插入语。wonder“想要知道”，符合语境。‎ ‎18．A.words B．interests C．puzzle D．secret 解析：选A　sb.’s words“某人说的话(写的内容)”。‎ ‎19．A.networks B．abroad C．papers D．home 解析：选D　当然“我”认为她写信是要祝“我”好运，问问“我”的生活并且告诉“我”家里(home)的消息以使“我”放松。‎ ‎20．A.appropriate B．enough C．foolish D．polite 解析：选B　然而，对于现在来说，看到信封上母亲写的字，并记住到“我”打开它时，“我”会再一次得到她的消息，这就够了(enough)。‎