【英语】2019届高考二轮复习“倒装句”复习总结（6页word版） 6页

‎2019届高考二轮复习“倒装句”复习总结 英语最基本的词序是主语在谓语动词的前面。如果将句子的主语和谓语完全颠倒过来，这称之为完全倒装。如果只将助动词或情态动词移至主语之前，谓语的其他部分仍保留在主语的后面，这称之为部分倒装。‎ 疑问句和特殊疑问句要倒装 Are you cold?‎ Does he go to school by bike?‎ 注意：若疑问词在句中作主语或主语的定语时，不倒装。‎ Who is your English teacher?‎ Whose father is a worker?‎ There be 句型 在There+助动词/情态动词+be+主语+地点/时间的句型中，主语在谓语be动词后面，因此这是倒装。‎ There is a mobile phone and some books on the desk.‎ 桌上有一个手机和一些书。‎ There are thousands of people gathering on the square.‎ 广场上聚集着成千上万的人 注意 ：引导词there 还可以接appear,exist, lie, remain, seem, stand, live 等词。‎ There lived an old fisherman in the village.‎ 村里住着一位老渔夫。‎ There stand two white houses by the river.‎ 河滨矗立着两座白房子。‎ There existed some doubt among the students.‎ 学生中有些怀疑。‎ 直接引语在句首 ‎“May I come in and take a rest?” asked the poor girl.‎ ‎“Get out of the room!” shouted the angry woman.‎ 虚拟条件句的倒装 当if引导的虚拟条件从句中含有had, were, should等时，如将if省略，则要将had, were, should等移到主语前，构成倒装句：‎ Had you come yesterday, you would have seen him.‎ 若你昨天来，你就会见到他了。‎ Should you require anything give me a ring.‎ 如果需要什么，可以给我打电话。‎ Were it not for your help, I would still behomeless.‎ 要不是你帮助，我会仍然无家可归。‎ 注意：省略if后提前的had不一定是助动词 Had I money, I would buy it. 假若我有钱，我就会买它。‎ 全部倒装 全部倒装是只将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。‎ ‎1） here, there, now,then, thus等副词置于句首, 谓语动词常用be,come, go, lie, run等表示来去或状态的动词。‎ 例如：‎ Then came the chairman. 那时总裁来了。‎ Here is your letter. 你的信。‎ ‎2）表示运动方向的副词或地点状语置于句首，以out, in, up, down, off, away等副词开头，谓语动词是表示“移动”的go, come, leave等句子里。‎ 例如：‎ Ahead sat an old woman. 前面坐着一个老妪。‎ Down went the small boat. 小船沉下去了。‎ 注意:在完全倒装的结构里,如果主语是人称代词,则用正常语序。‎ ‎3）表示地点的介词词组位于句首，谓语动词是表示“存在”之意的be, lie, stand, exist等句子中。‎ South of the lake lies a big supermarket.‎ 湖泊的南边是一个大超市。‎ ‎20 miles east of our school lies a modernswimming pool.‎ 我们学校向东20英里有一个现代化的游泳池。‎ ‎4) 在there be或者there live(stand, appear, seem, remain, exist….) 句型中。‎ 部分倒装 ‎1.句首为否定或半否定的副词或连词。‎ 如no, not,never, seldom, little, hardly, scarcely, rarely, at no time决不, by no means, on no account, inno case, many a time, under no circumstances, in no way, many a time, notuntil… 等。‎ 例如：‎ He cares little about his clothes.‎ ‎= Little does he care about his clothes.‎ 他不在乎穿着。‎ I have never seen him before.‎ ‎= Never have I seen him before.‎ ‎= Never before have I seen him.‎ 我以前没见过他。‎ The mother didn't leave the room until thechild fell asleep.‎ ‎= Not until the child fell asleep did themother leave the room.‎ 孩子睡着了，妈妈才离开房间。‎ ‎(Not until引出的主从复合句中，主句倒装，从句不倒装。即：后倒前不倒。注意：如否定词不在句首不倒装。)‎ 例如：‎ Churchill was not only a statesman, but apoet.‎ ‎= Not only was Churchill a statesman, but apoet.‎ 丘吉尔不仅是个政治家，而且还是个诗人。‎ I shall by no means give up.‎ ‎= By no means shall I give up. 我决不放弃。‎ 必背：表示“刚……就……的倒装结构 Hardly had he started to leave when itbegan to rain.‎ 他刚要离开，天就下起了雨。‎ Scarcely had he sat down when his mobilephone rang.‎ 他刚坐下，手机就响了。‎ No sooner had he handed in his paper thanhe realized his mistakes.‎ 他刚交卷就意识到出错了。‎ Seldom is my son late for school.我儿子上学几乎不迟到。‎ In no case should you touch it.无论如何你都不能碰它。‎ ‎2．以否定连词开头作部分倒装 如 Not only…butalso, Hardly/Scarcely…when, No sooner… than等，前倒后不倒。例如：‎ Not only did he refuse the gift, he alsoseverely criticized the sender. 他没有收下礼物，还狠狠批评了送礼的人。‎ Hardly had she gone out when a student cameto visit her. 她刚出门，就有个学生来访。‎ No sooner had she gone out than a studentcame to visit her. 她刚出门，就有个学生来访。‎ ‎3． so, neither, nor作部分倒装 表示另一主语“也…样”时，用“So +be(have,助动词或情态动词)+主语”结构；而表示另一主语“也不…样”时，用“NorNeither + be(have,助动词或情态动词)+主语”结构。‎ 例如：‎ Tom can speak French. So can Jack. 汤姆会讲法语，杰克也会。‎ If you won't go, neither will I. 你不去，我也不去。‎ She won’t go. Neither/Nor will I.‎ 她不走，我也不。‎ 注意：如果前面所说的内容既有肯定又有否定，或前后的谓语动词形式不一致时，用“It is the same with +主语”结构或用“So it is with +主语”结构。‎ ‎4．only+状语在句首倒装的情况。‎ only+副词；或介词短语；或状语从句时，主句倒装。‎ 例如：‎ Only then did I see life was not easy.只有那时我才知道生活是不易的。‎ Only in this way, can you learn Englishwell. 只有这样，你才能学好英语。（only+介词短语）‎ Only after being asked three times did hecome to the meeting. 叫了三次，他才来参加会议。‎ Only yesterday did he find out that hiswatch was missing.（only+副词）‎ Only when it began to rain did he finishhis job.（only+状语从句）‎ 注：如果句子为主从复合句，则主句倒装，从句不倒装。‎ 例如：‎ Only when he is seriously ill does he everstay in bed. 病得狠重时，他才卧床休息。‎ ‎5. so… that，such…that引导的结果状语从句中，部分倒装。当so位于句首时，用”so +adj. + 主语+谓语”。‎ 例如：‎ So frightened was he that he did not dareto move an inch. 他害怕得很，动也不敢动。‎ So difficult was the exam that most of thestudents failed to pass it. 考试如此难，以至于大多数 同学没能考过。‎ So stingy is she that none of us likes her.她太小气，没人喜欢她。‎ ‎6. so作“也”讲时，引导的句子用倒装语序，表示前面所说的肯定情况也适用于另一人(或物)。其句型是：So + be（have，助动词或情态动词）+主语 She has been to Tokyo. So have I.‎ 她去过东京，我也去过。‎ He can send emails to his formerclassmates. So can she.‎ 他能电子邮件给以前的同学，她也能。‎ ‎ 7. as, though引导的部分倒装 as / though引导的让步从句由于语法需要，可将表语或状语提前（形容词, 副词, 分词, 实义动词提前）。‎ 但需注意：‎ ‎1）句首名词不能带任何冠词。‎ ‎2）句首是实义动词, 其他助动词放在主语后。如果实义动词有宾语和状语，随实义动词一起放在主语之前。‎ 例如：‎ Shortest as/though she is, she is not therichest.(倒装后，最高级前不用冠词)‎ Child as he is, he knows a lot.(倒装后，单数名词前不用a) ‎ Fail as I did, I would try again.(倒装后，实义动词提前，在主语后添加助动词。)‎ 注意：让步状语从句中，有though，although时，后面的主句不能有but，但是 though 和yet可连用。‎ 当as作“虽然”解，引导让步状语从句时，必须将表语、状语或动词原形提到as前面。‎ 句子的倒装语序有以下三种形式：‎ ‎(1). 形容词或副词+as+主语+连系动词be或实义动词。‎ 例如：‎ Rich as he is, he never spends a cent onclothes.‎ 虽然他很富有，但他从不花一分钱在衣服上。‎ Much as I admire his courage, I don’t thinkhe acted wisely.‎ 我虽然佩服他的勇气，但我认为他这样做是不聪明的。‎ ‎(2). 名词+as+主语+连系动词be (注意句首的名词不带冠词)。‎ 例如：‎ Child as he is, he knows a lot.‎ 尽管他是个孩子，但懂很多事情。‎ Boy as he was, he was chosen king.‎ 尽管他还是个孩子，但却被立为国王。‎ ‎(3). 实义动词+as+主语+助动词[如果没有助动词，则要加上一个do(does或did)]。‎ 例如：‎ Try as he may, he never succeeds.‎ 尽管他很努力，但总是不成功。‎ Change your mind as you will, you will gainno additional support.‎ 即使你改变主意，你也不会得到另外的支持。‎ ‎8．一些表示频率的副词（如many a time, often等）位于句首时。‎ I have seen her taking a walk alone many atime.‎ Many a time have I seen her taking a walkalone.‎ 我多次看到她独自一人在散步。‎ She often came to my house in the past.‎ Often did she come to my house in the past.‎ 过去她常到我家来。‎