通用版2021高考英语一轮复习考点十名词性从句练习含解析 15页

- 1 - 考点十 名词性从句 限时 25 分钟 一、单句语法填空 1．________ she was invited to the ball made her very happy. 答案：That 空格处引导主语从句。从句中不缺少成分，并且句意完整，因此用 that 引 导该主语从句。 2．Children should be reminded of ________ they should do in public places. 答案：what 句意：应该提醒孩子们在公共场所应该做些什么。所填词引导宾语从句且 在从句中作 do 的宾语，意为“……的事情”，故用 what。 3．Dick enjoys painting but he knows the fact ________ he doesn't have what it takes to be a professional. 答案：that 句意：迪克喜欢画画，但他知道自己没有成为一名专业画家所需要的(素质)。 that 引导同位语从句，说明 fact 的具体内容。 4．Success partially depends on ________ you have the patience to do simple things perfectly. 答案：whether 根据句子结构可知，设空处引导宾语从句；根据句意可判断，设空处意 为“是否”，其前有介词 on，故填 whether。 5．I lost my cell phone yesterday. Can you tell me ________ I can buy one? 答案：where where 引导宾语从句，且在从句中作地点状语。 6．It never occurred to me ________ you could succeed in persuading him to change his mind. 答案：that it 为形式主语，真正的主语为后面的从句，从句中不缺少成分，且句意完 整，因此用 that。 7．________ breaks the law will be punished. 答案：Whoever 句意：无论谁违法都将受到惩罚。主语从句中缺少主语，指人，并且表 泛指，故用 whoever。 8．She will give ________ needs help a warm support. 答案：whoever 句意：凡是需要帮助的人，她都会给予热情的支持。由句意可知，应填 whoever，在宾语从句中充当主语。 9．I have no idea ________ the girl is doing in her room now. 答案：what 句意：我不知道那个女孩现在在房间里干什么。由句意可知，应填 what， 在同位语从句中作宾语，且意为“……的事情”。 - 2 - 10．________ is well known to everyone, I should say, is that a man becomes learned by asking questions. 答案：What 分析句子成分可知，主语从句中缺少主语，且指事物，因此用 what。 11．Exactly ________ the potato was introduced into Europe is uncertain, but it was probably around 1565. 答案：when 句意：土豆被引入欧洲的确切时间不能确定，但很可能是 1565 年左右。分 析句子结构可知，设空处为主语从句的引导词，从 around 1565 判断，这里指时间，故填 when。 12．It shocked the world ________ the United States withdrew from some major agreements it had been committed to, including the 2015 Paris Agreement on climate change and the 2015 Iran Nuclear Deal. 答案：that 句意：令世界震惊的是，美国退出了它所承诺的一些主要协议，包括 2015 年《巴黎气候变化协定》和 2015 年《伊朗核协议》。此处 it 是形式主语，真正的主语是 that 引导的主语从句。 13．I need help now! I have to fix a leaking pipe in my bathroom but I'm not sure ________ I should begin. 答案：where 句意：我现在需要帮助！我不得不修理洗手间里一个正在漏水的管子，但 是我不确定我应该从何处着手。此处引导宾语从句，表示“在哪里”，故填 where。 14．Forty grams of meat per day is ________ people should consume in order to stay fit. 答案：what 句意：为了保持健康，人们每天应该消耗 40 克肉。“________ people should consume”是表语从句，该从句中，consume 缺少宾语，且表示“所……的东西”，故要用 what 引导该从句。 15．The famous player tried again and again after each failure. That's ________ he succeeded at last. 答案：why 句意：每次失败后，这位著名的球员一次又一次地尝试。那就是为什么他最 终成功了(的原因)。设空处后引导一个表语从句，用 why 引导从句，表示结果，故填 why。 16．The retired engineer is showing ________ the wheelchair climbs stairs, which all the curious visitors want to know. 答案：how 句意：这位退休的工程师正在展示轮椅如何爬楼梯，这是所有有好奇心的游 客想知道的。由句意可知填 how，意为“怎么，如何”。这是 how 引导的宾语从句。 17．It hasn't been made clear ________ the new underground line is to be open to traffic. 答案：when 句意：新的地铁线路何时开放还不清楚。由句意可知填 when。这是 when 引导的主语从句，it 是形式主语。 - 3 - 18．The problem is ________ sometimes when we are given something on a constant basis, we start to take it for granted and forget to be thankful for what we already have. 答案：that 句意：问题是，有时候当我们不断地被给予某些东西时，我们就认为这是 理所当然的，从而忘记了要对我们已经拥有的东西应该心存感恩。设空处后引导表语从句， 由于从句中成分完整，因此应用 that 来引导，that 在从句中只起连接作用，不作任何成分。 19．Ten percent of life is ________ happens to you and ninety percent is ________ you respond to it. 答案：what; how 句意：生活的百分之十是事件本身，另有百分之九十在于你如何回应 它。分析句子结构可知，第一空引导表语从句，从句中缺少主语，意为“什么事”，因此应 用 what 来引导；第二空也引导表语从句，从句中成分齐全，因此应用 how，表方式。 20．After a day's exhausting climb we arrived at ________ we had been told was Garden in the Air. 答案：what 句意：经过一天筋疲力尽的攀爬，我们终于到了那个被称为“空中花园” 的地方。分析句子结构可知，at 为介词，后面是一个宾语从句，“we had been told”为插 入语，宾语从句中缺主语，且在句中意为“……的事物(东西)”，故用 what。 21．Sometimes, ________ we show our gratitude to a person is reflected in the kind of food we serve him or her. 答案：how 句意：有时我们如何表达对一个人的感激之情会体现在招待他或她的食物种 类上。此处用 how，表方式，引导主语从句。 22．It remains to be seen ________ this plan is practical enough to keep the project going. 答案：whether 句意：这个计划是否足够可行来让这个工程继续下去，还有待于进一步 观察。whether 引导主语从句，it 是形式主语。 23．Some summer camps can provide you with as many as ten courses, and you are required to choose ________ suits you best. 答案：whichever 句意：一些夏令营可以提供多达 10 门课程，你可以从中选择最适合 自己的课程。choose 后面是宾语从句，从句中缺少主语，且前句提到范围即“as many as ten courses”，故此处表示你最喜欢的任何一门，故填 whichever。 24．It is reported that a huge percentage of bird species are in danger. It's ________ their habitats or homelands are disappearing. 答案：because 句意：据报道大部分鸟类正面临危险。这是因为它们的栖息地或家园正 在消失。空格处引导表语从句。根据句意可知前后两句表示因果关系，故使用 because。 25．I just wonder ________ it is that all the villagers think highly of him. - 4 - 答案：why 句意：我就是想知道为什么所有的村民对他的评价这么高。wonder 后面用 why 引导宾语从句。 26．If you leave this application form and go to another website, you will lose ________ you have already filled out on this form. 答案：whatever 句意：如果你留下这个申请表不填，而去另一个网站，你将会丢失你 在这个表格中已填好的任何东西。设空处引导宾语从句，且在从句中作宾语，意为“任 何……”，故填 whatever。 27．________ they've managed to get everything finished so quickly is not clear to us. 答案：How 句意：他们是怎样如此快速地把一切做完的我们还不清楚。主语从句中不缺 少主语、宾语或定语，且由“managed to get everything finished”可知，空格处表示方 式，因此填 How。 28．A proposal was put forward at the meeting ________ the new cement plant shouldn't be built near the school. 答案：that 句意：一个建议在会上被提出来，新水泥厂不应该建在学校附近。设空处 引导同位语从句，用以解释说明名词 proposal。 29．The most exciting moment was ________ I was given the first prize. 答案：when 句意：我最兴奋的时刻是我获得第一名的时候。根据句中的“exciting moment”可知，此处用 when 引导的表语从句。 30．They are discussing the problem ________ they should stop investing money in that project. 答案：whether 句意：他们正在讨论是否应该停止向那个项目投资的问题。分析句子结 构可知，空格处引导同位语从句，解释前面“problem”的内容，根据句意可知，此处缺少表 示“是否”的词，而 if 不能引导同位语从句，故只能填 whether。 二、单句改错 1．The fact when he had not said anything surprised me. ________________________________________________________________________ 答案：when→that 本句中含有同位语从句，解释说明 fact 的内容，从句中不缺少成分， 并且句意完整，故引导词用 that。 2．That the fat boy needs is much more practice. ________________________________________________________________________ 答案：That→What is 前面的句子是一个主语从句，从句中缺少 needs 的宾语，且意为 “……的事物(东西)”，因此应用 what。 3．That we can arrive there on time depends on the weather. - 5 - ________________________________________________________________________ 答案：That→Whether 句意：我们是否能准时到达那里取决于天气。whether 引导的主 语从句可置于句首，本句中的主语从句缺少表示“是否”的连接词，故将 That 改为 Whether。 4．The reason why she doesn't like me is I make her angry. ________________________________________________________________________ 答案：is 后加 that is 后是一个表语从句，从句中不缺少成分，并且句意完整，因此 应用 that。表语从句中 that 不能省略。“The reason why ... is that ...”是一固定句型， 意为“……的原因是……”。 5．I have been worrying about if I have hurt Mary's feelings. ________________________________________________________________________ 答案：if→whether 宾语从句位于介词之后，表“是否”时，只能用 whether 引导，不 能用 if。 6．That surprised us most was that Tom should have left without a word. ________________________________________________________________________ 答案：That→What 引导主语从句并且在从句中作主语，且意为“……的事情”，应用 What。 7．It's no longer a question now whether man can land on the moon. ________________________________________________________________________ 答案：whether→that 句意：现在，人类是否能登上月球已经不再是一个问题了。句中 it 作形式主语，真正的主语是 that 引导的从句，从句中不缺成分。 8．The real reason why I don't have a hobby is because I don't have time. ________________________________________________________________________ 答案：because→that 句意：我没有爱好的真正的原因是我没时间。表语从句中不缺少 成分，并且句意完整，因此应用 that。The reason why ... is that ... “……的原因是……”。 9．The news they had won the game soon spread over the whole country. ________________________________________________________________________ 答案：news 后加 that 句意：他们赢得比赛的消息很快就传遍了全国。that 引导同位 语从句，解释前面的 news 的内容，that 不能省略。 10．The organizers promise who wins the first prize a chance to go abroad. ________________________________________________________________________ 答案：who→whoever 句意：组织者承诺无论谁获得一等奖都会有出国的机会。在题干 中，promise 后面跟的是一个宾语从句，who 指具体的“谁”，与题意不符；whoever 是“无 论谁”之意，相当于 anyone who，可引导宾语从句，在从句中作主语，与题意相符。 11．Mary is a humorous and warmhearted woman and that is because she is a most - 6 - popular person in her community. ________________________________________________________________________ 答案：because→why 句意：玛丽是一个很幽默而且很热心的女人，这就是她为什么会 成为社区里非常受欢迎的人。that is 后引导的从句作 is 的表语，表结果，故用 why。 12．The question is if they will be able to help us. ________________________________________________________________________ 答案：if→whether 句意：问题是他们是否能帮我们。本句中包含表语从句，if 不连 接表语从句，故将 if 改为 whether。 13．In the office an electrical engineer is looking through the instructions to know whether the heat system works. ________________________________________________________________________ 答案：whether→how 句意：办公室里一名电气工程师正在浏览说明书为了弄明白供热 系统是如何工作的。know 后是一个宾语从句，连接词在从句中表示方式。根据句意可知，应 将 whether 改为 how。 14．I know nothing about him except he is from the south. ________________________________________________________________________ 答案：except 后加 that except that 是一个固定结构，连接宾语从句，故在 except 后加 that。 15．He says the book is very interesting, and all the children love to read it. ________________________________________________________________________ 答案：and 后加 that 动词后接有两个或者两个以上的宾语从句时，第二个以及以后的 宾语从句中的 that 不能省略。 名词性从句(一) 名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句四种。 引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类： 连词：that, whether, if (在从句中均不充当任何成分)。 连接代词：what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whomever, which, whichever 等。 连接副词：when, where, how, why, whenever, wherever, however 等。 注意：that 在名词性从句中不作任何成分，但在主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句中也 不能省略，在引导宾语从句时，第一个宾语从句中的 that 可以省略；that 引导的宾语从句作 介词的宾语时，that 不可以省略；whether 和 if 意为“是否”，在宾语从句中可以互换使用 (注意介词后面的宾语从句只能用 whether 引导)；在表语从句、同位语从句、主语从句且主 语从句位于句首时，只能用 whether。从句均用陈述语序。 - 7 - 一、主语从句 1．主语从句：在复合句中充当主语成分的从句。 That_he_passed_the_driving_test made us very happy. Who_will_take_over_the_company has not been decided yet. 2．为了防止一些句子头重脚轻，通常用 it 作形式主语。 用 it 作形式主语的常用句型 ①It is＋名词 (a fact, a shame, a pity, good news ...) that ... ②It is＋形容词 (true, certain, clear ...) that ... ③It is＋过去分词 (said, reported, believed ...) that ... ④It＋不及物动词 (occurs, matters ... )＋that 从句 It_is_certain_that you will pass the College Entrance Exam. It_is_a_pity_that I missed the party held last night. It_is_reported_that the accident was caused by carelessness. It_had_never_occurred_to_him_that he might be falling in love with her. 二、宾语从句 1．宾语从句：在复合句中充当宾语成分的从句。分为及物动词的宾语从句、介词的宾语 从句、形容词后的宾语从句。 Do you know who_has_got_the_first_prize? We are talking about whether_we_should_admit_students_into_our_club. I am sure I_will_pass_the_exam. 2．it 作形式宾语，常用的动词有：find, make, feel, think, consider 等。 I find it necessary that_we_do_some_reading_every_day. 3．有些动词不能直接跟宾语从句，需要借助形式宾语 it。常见的有 like, dislike, hate, love, enjoy, appreciate 等。 I hate it when_people_speak_with_their_mouths_full. I would appreciate it if_you_could_stay_for_lunch. 4．在 suggest, demand, insist, order 等动词后的宾语从句中， 谓语动词要用虚拟 语气，即 (should＋)动词原形。 She suggested that we (should)_not_go there for holiday. 注意：whether 和 if 引导宾语从句时大多数情况下可以通用，但其他情况下二者还是有 一定的区别。下列情况下一般用 whether 不用 if： ①引导主语从句且从句位于句首、表语从句、同位语从句时； ②作介词或 discuss 的宾语时； ③与 or not 连用时； - 8 - ④用在不定式前面时。 限时 25 分钟 一、单句语法填空 1．(2020·甘肃省会宁县第一中学高三上学期第一次月考)I can buy and eat ________ I want simply with a tap of my phone. 答案：whatever/what 句意：我可以仅仅按一下我的手机来购买我想买来吃的东西。在 此用 whatever/what 引导宾语从句，在从句中作 want 的宾语，故填 whatever/what。 2．(2020·陕西省百校联盟高三 TOP20 联考)The story goes ________ while sitting under a mulberry (桑树) tree in her palace garden, the Empress was having tea. 答案：that 句意：故事是这样的： 皇后坐在她的宫殿花园的桑树下在喝茶。that 引 导宾语从句，作 goes 的宾语，在从句中不作任何成分。 3．(2020·广西柳州市高三上学期英语摸底考试)However, it's not just when you eat that matters, but ________ you eat also matters. 答案：what 句意：但是，重要的不只是你什么时候吃，而是你吃了什么。 空格处引导 主语从句，从句中缺少宾语，故填 what。 4．(2020·山西省祁县中学高三月考)We don't respect ________ we think is better than us. 答案：who 空处引导宾语从句，在从句中作主语，且主语是人，we think 是插入语， 不影响句子结构，故应填 who。 5．(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)But in this experiment ________ they're doing is paying more attention to the big number than the little one. 答案：what 句意：但是在这个实验中，他们所做的是更关注大的数字而不是小的数字。 空格处引导主语从句，在从句中作宾语，意为“……的事物”，故用 what 引导。 6．(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)However, if others benefit in the process, and I get some reward too, does it really matter ________ my motivation lies? 答案：where 句意：然而，如果其他人在这个过程中受益，而我也得到了一些奖励，那 么我的动机在哪里真的重要吗？matter 后是一个主语从句，引导词在从句中作地点状语，故 用 where 引导。 7．(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)________ you need is a great teacher who lets you make mistakes. 答案：What 空格处引导主语从句，在从句中作宾语，指“……的事物”，故用 what 引 导。 8．(2019·江苏高考)Scientists have obtained more evidence ________ plastic is - 9 - finding its way into the human body. 答案：that 句意：科学家已经获得了更多的证据，证明塑料正在进入人体。分析句子 结构可知，空格处引导同位语从句，解释说明 evidence 的具体内容，从句中不缺成分，故用 that 引导。 9．(2019·江苏高考)Another unique human characteristic is ________ we walk upright. 答案：that 本句中 is 后面跟一个表语从句，从句成分完整，故用 that 引导。 10．(2019·北京高考)What students do at college seems to matter much more than ________ they go. 答案：where 句意：学生在大学里做什么似乎比他们去哪里更重要。在介词 than 后跟 宾语从句， where 在从句中作状语，意为“去哪里”。 11．(2019·北京高考)Soon you will also question ________ the voice you're hearing is actually real. 答案：whether 句意：很快你就会怀疑你听到的声音是不是真的。动词 question 后跟 宾语从句，根据句意判断，应用 whether 引导，意为“是否……”。 12．(2019·北京高考)The reason ________ robocalls are a headache has less to do with amount than precision. 答案：that 句意：“机器人来电”之所以让人头疼的原因，与数量无关，而与准确性 有关。The reason 后的从句中不缺成分，作 reason 的同位语，是对 reason 的解释说明，故 用 that 引导。 13．(2018·天津高考)When I told Sally ________ happened, she covered her mouth, laughing. 答案：what 句意：当我告诉萨莉发生了什么事情的时候，她捂着嘴笑了。what 引导宾 语从句，作 told 的宾语。 14．(2018·浙江高考)It's partly true ________ Dickens' style of writing attracted audiences from all walks of life. 答案：that 句意：这一点部分是真实的，即狄更斯的写作风格吸引了各行各业的人们。 it 是形式主语，that 引导主语从句，that 在从句中不作任何成分。 15．(2018·浙江高考)This is ________ there is a saying that if you want something done, ask a busy person to do it. 答案：why 句意：这就是为什么有这样的一种说法，求忙人才能做成事。此处 why 引导 表语从句。 16．(2018·江苏高考)________ starts as fun usage of apps turns into tremendous pressure in real social media interaction at secondary school. - 10 - 答案：What 句意：开始中学生玩这些应用程序只是因为它们有趣，后来它们变成了一 个现实社交互动中的巨大压力。what 引导主语从句，且在从句中作主语。 17．(2017·北京高考)Every year, ________ makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival. 答案：whoever 句意：每年，在风筝节上，制作出最漂亮的风筝的人会赢得一份奖品。 设空处引导主语从句，从句中缺少主语，且表示“无论谁”，故填 whoever。 18．(2017·北京高考)Jane moved aimlessly down the treelined street, not knowing ________ she was heading. 答案：where 句意：简在绿树成荫的街道上漫无目的地走着，不知道她要去哪里。设空 处引导宾语从句，从句中缺少地点状语，故用 where 引导。 19．(2017·江苏高考)We choose this hotel because the price for a night here is down to $20, half of ________ it used to charge. 答案：what 句意：我们选择这家宾馆是因为这里住一晚上的价格降到了 20 美元，这是 其过去要价的一半。“half of ________ it used to charge”为$ 20 的同位语，而设空处 引导宾语从句，作介词 of 的宾语。从句中缺少 charge 的宾语且表示“……的事物”，故用 what 引导。 20．(2017·天津高考)She asked me ________ I had returned the books to the library, and I admitted that I hadn't. 答案：whether/if 句意：她问我是否已经把书还给图书馆，我承认我还没有归还。设 空处引导的是宾语从句，根据句意可知，该宾语从句要用 whether/if 引导，意为“是否”。 21．(2019·厦门一中高三模拟)His success in digital field proved ________ it took to be a best CEO. 答案：what 句意：他在数字领域的成功证明了要想成为最好的 CEO 所需要的条件。 proved 后接宾语从句。因为从句中 took 缺宾语，意为“……的事物(东西)”，故填 what。 22．(2019·河北省保定市月考)Built over 2,200 years ago in ________ is now Sichuan Province in Southwest China, this amazing engineering achievement is still used today. 答案：what 句意：2,200 多年前在现在的中国西南部的四川省，建造的这个惊人的工 程至今仍在使用。what 引导宾语从句，作介词 in 的宾语，同时在宾语从句中作主语。 23 ． (2019· 广 东 省 五 校 高 三 联 考 )In Japan, it is recognized that the best communication is ________ you don't speak at all. 答案：when 句意：在日本，人们公认最好的交流是当你什么也不说时。根据语境可知， 此处填 when 引导表语从句。 24．(2018·北京高考)Without his support, we wouldn't be ________ we are now. - 11 - 答案：where 句意： 如果没有他的支持，我们不可能取得现在的成就。without 引导 一个含蓄条件句，主句是对现在的虚拟，where we are 指我们所处的现状，是一个表语从句。 25．(2018·北京高考)This is ________ my father has taught me—to always face difficulties and hope for the best. 答案：what 句意：这是我父亲已经教给我的东西：总是勇敢地面对困难并且抱最好的 希望。what 引导表语从句，从句中缺少 taught 的宾语，故填 what。 26．(2018·天津高考)The gold medal will be awarded to ________ wins the first place in the bicycle race. 答案：whoever 句意：无论谁获得自行车比赛第一名，金牌将授予他。分析句子可知， 宾语从句中缺少主语，故用 whoever，表示“任何人，无论谁”。 27．(2018·江苏高考)By boat is the only way to get here, which is ________ we arrived. 答案：how 句意：乘船是到达这里唯一的途径，这就是我们如何到达的。which 引导非 限制性定语从句，is 后面为表语从句。这里用连接副词 how 引导表语从句，充当方式状语， 表示“如何”。 28．(2019·河北曲周县一中高三模拟)I'd like to start my own business—that's ________ I'd do if I had money. 答案：what 句意：我想自己创业，那是我有钱后要做的事。此处引导表语从句，且在 从句中作 do 的宾语，意为“……的事情”。故用 what。 29．(2018·天津高考)The possibility ________ there is life on other planets in the universe has always inspired scientists to explore the outer space. 答案：that 此处 that 引导同位语从句，说明 possibility 的内容。 30．(2019·海南儋州一中高三统测)Today, people still come and go—to see ________ the Canadian gold rush happened. 答案：where 句意：如今，人们仍然来往这里看加拿大的淘金热在哪里发生。分析句子 结构可知，宾语从句中缺少地点状语，故填 where。 二、单句改错 1．(2020·广西南宁市第三中学高三月考)That he did was to wave at everyone who passed by. ________________________________________________________________________ 答案：That→What 句意：他所做的就是向每一个经过的人招手。这是 what 引导的主语 从句，what 作 did 的宾语，故把 that 改为 what。 2．(2020·甘肃省会宁县第一中学高三上学期第一次月考)Optimistic attitude is that really matters. - 12 - ________________________________________________________________________ 答案：that→what is 后跟表语从句，从句中缺少主语，指物，表示“真正重要的东西”， 所以不能用 that 引导，而应用 what。故将 that 改为 what。 3．(2020·陕西省百校联盟高三 TOP20 联考)In China, however, legend has it what Empress Xi Lingshi of China was the first one to discover silk more than five thousand years ago. ________________________________________________________________________ 答案：what→that 句意：然而，在中国，传说中国的西陵氏是五千多年前第一个发现 丝绸的人。it 后是同位语从句，从句中不缺任何成分，故用 that 引导。也可将 Legend has it that ... 视为固定句型，意为“传说是这样的……”。 4．(2020·湖北省黄冈市高三质量检测)The ambulance came and drove us a short distance to what a helicopter was waiting to take my mom to the hospital. ________________________________________________________________________ 答案：what→where 句意：救护车来了，载了我们一小段路，来到一架直升机正等着把 我妈妈送到医院的地方。to 后跟宾语从句，从句中缺少地点状语，故将 what 改为 where。 5．(2020·河北省衡水中学全国高三第一次联合考试)After a few lessons you'll stop looking at the others around you are doing. ________________________________________________________________________ 答案：at 后加 what 句意：上了几堂课之后，你就不会再看别人在做什么了。looking at 后跟一个宾语从句，从句中 doing 缺少宾语，指物，故用 what 引导。 6．(2019·北京高考)Phone carriers and consumers need to work together to find ways of determining and communicating which is real. ________________________________________________________________________ 答案：which→what 句意：电话运营商和消费者需要共同努力来找到办法以确定和沟通 什么是真实的。communicating 后跟宾语从句，宾语从句不用 which 引导；从句中缺少主语， 指物，故用 what 引导，将 which 改为 what。 7 ． (2019· 天 津 高 考 )All participants must address what communication or transportation technology has promoted the quality of life for Americans throughout history. ________________________________________________________________________ 答案：what→how 句意：所有与会者都必须阐明通信或交通技术在历史上如何提高了美 国人的生活质量。address 后跟一个宾语从句，连接词在从句中作方式状语，故将 what 改为 how。 8．(2019·江苏质检)The hope he may recover is not gone yet. - 13 - ________________________________________________________________________ 答案：hope 后加 that 本句中含有同位语从句，其中连接词 that 不能省略。 9．(2019·唐山模拟)I didn't know what one to buy because these books were all useful to me. ________________________________________________________________________ 答案：what→which 句意：我不知道该买哪一本，因为这些书对我都有用。which 指“哪 一本”符合句意。 10 ． (2019· 河 北 调 研 )The question that who should do the job requires consideration. ________________________________________________________________________ 答案：去掉 that the question 后为同位语从句，这个同位语从句是由 who 引导的，that 为多余的连接词。 11．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)But sometimes we're not aware what cheaply we can make this food ourselves. ________________________________________________________________________ 答案：what→how 句意：但是有的时候我们意识不到我们自己可以使得这种食物多么地 便宜。此处修饰 cheaply。故用连接副词 how。 12．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)The general rule is what mild zones have relatively few languages, often spoken by many people. ________________________________________________________________________ 答案：what→that 句意：通常的规则是气候温暖的地区语言种类少，而说这些语言的 人人数较多。that 引导表语从句，在从句中不作任何成分，而 what 作主语，宾语或者表语。 故将 what 改为 that。 13．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)Exercising makes you more awake and ready to handle whenever is ahead of you for the day. ________________________________________________________________________ 答案：whenever→whatever 句意：锻炼使得你更加清醒从而为这一天中要面临的困难 做好准备。handle 后面的宾语从句中缺少主语，而 whenever 作时间状语，故将 whenever 改 为 whatever。 14．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)That is only evidence which traditions once existed. ________________________________________________________________________ 答案：which→that 句意：这是唯一的证据证明传统曾经存在过。that 引导同位语从 句，介绍前面的 evidence 的内容。 15．(2018·北京高考)It's hard to predict why driverless cars will be everywhere - 14 - on our roads. ________________________________________________________________________ 答案：why→when 句意：很难预测什么时候无人驾驶汽车会行驶在我们的道路上。when 引导宾语从句，作时间状语。 名词性从句(二) 三、表语从句 1．表语从句：在复合句中充当表语成分的从句。通常位于 be 动词或系动词 look, seem 等之后。 The problem is when_we_can_get_a_pay_rise. That is what_I_want_to_tell_you. 2．表语从句可以用 as if/though 引导，意为“好像……”。 It looks as_if it is going to rain. 3．because 引导的表语从句强调原因，而 why 引导的表语从句强调结果。 That's because_he_doesn't_understand_me. He was busy. That's why_he_didn't_attend_the_meeting. 4．“The reason why ... ＋be＋that 从句”结构。 The_reason_why he was absent was_that_he_was_ill. 四、同位语从句 1．同位语从句：在主从复合句中，用作同位语的从句，叫同位语从句。它一般跟在某些 抽象名词之后，如：fact, idea, news, promise, doubt, truth, hope, suggestion, belief 等后面，用以解释说明这些名词。 I have no idea when_Chaplin's_film_will_be_on_again. We were very excited at the news that_our_team_had_won. The fact that_women_can_work_as_well_as_men is clear. Henry Adams made a promise that_he_would_not_open_the_letter_until_2_o'clock. 2．同位语从句与名词之间有时会被句子的其他成分隔开，形成间隔性同位语从句。 Word came that_our_team_had_won_the_game. 3．that 引导的同位语从句与定语从句的区别： 同位语从句只是说明或解释前面名词的具体内容，that 在从句中只起连接作用，不充当 句子成分；定语从句用来修饰限定前面的名词或代词，关系词 that 在从句中既起到连接作用， 又在从句中充当成分。 Have you heard the news that_our_team_won_the_game? (同位语从句) Have you heard the news that_was_reported_from_the_front？(定语从句) - 15 -