上海市七宝中学2020届高三上学期摸底考试英语试题 37页

‎2019年七宝中学高三第一学期暑假作业检测 I. Listening Comprehension 25%‎ Section A Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.‎ ‎1. A. She’s too sick to have any visitor. B. Her sister’s flight was canceled.‎ C. Her sister has changed her plans. D. She picked up her sister last night.‎ ‎2. A. The library closes at five o’clock.  B. She’ll get the things the man needs.‎ C. Mary wants to go to the classroom too.  D. There isn’t enough time to go to the classroom.‎ ‎3. A. Take less medicine each day.  B. Visit him as often as possible.‎ C. Have more stretching exercises.  D. Try a new kind of headache medicine.‎ ‎4. A. The next bus leaves in 15 minutes.‎ B. The man can go to the exhibition by bus.‎ C. The man missed the subway train to the exhibition.‎ D. The subway will arrive at the exhibition before 11:30.‎ ‎5. A. The cellphone cannot be repaired.‎ B. The woman misunderstood what he said.‎ C. He doesn’t know what’s wrong with the cellphone.‎ D. The problem is different from what he thought it was.‎ ‎6. A. She wished she had gone to sleep earlier.‎ B. She missed the beginning of the program.‎ C. She fell asleep before the program ended.‎ D. She was awakened in time to see the program.‎ ‎7. A. More copies of the letter are needed.‎ B. It’s too late to apply for the university.‎ C. The man should get a more recent reference letter.‎ D. The principal is the best person to write the letter of reference.‎ ‎8. A. He wants to talk to Sally and Mark.‎ B. The woman should not let out others’ secret.‎ C. He will explain to the woman what happened.‎ D. The woman shouldn’t get involved in the situation.‎ ‎9. A. He wants the woman to postpone the lecture.‎ B. He hasn’t finished preparing for his lecture.‎ C. He can’t explain the simple concepts of economics.‎ D. He regularly gives lectures to high school students.‎ ‎10. A. Hire a tutor before the mid-term exam. B. Avoid making any mistake in the exam.‎ C. Turning to the same tutor that she had. D. Work hard to catch up with others.‎ Section B Directions: In Section B, you will hear two passages and a longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the question will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.‎ Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following lecture.‎ ‎11. A. Most canals were not wide enough for the boats.‎ B. Other means of transportation became accessible.‎ C. The boats were no longer considered fashionable.‎ D. They learned the boats were bad for the environment.‎ ‎12. A. Some people get frustrated with their speed.‎ B. They are mainly used for transportation.‎ C. People can have easy access to them.‎ D. A license is needed to operate them.‎ ‎13. A. The changing role of narrow boats.‎ B. The uniqueness of the design of narrow boats.‎ C. The importance of narrow boats in the 18th century.‎ D. The reason why British people say hello to strangers.‎ Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.‎ ‎14. A. To get new design ideas.‎ B. To make furniture used in space.‎ C. To take part in scientific training.‎ D. To create an environment similar to Mars.‎ ‎15. A. It is operated by NASA.‎ B. It offers people a taste of isolated life on Mars.‎ C. It is used to train people for an educational purpose.‎ D. It helps people to get used to living with limited resources.‎ ‎16. A. How to store things.‎ B. How to think creatively.‎ C. How to live in space.‎ D. How to cut down the cost.‎ Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.‎ ‎17. A. Profession. B. Manners. C. News reports. D. Psychology tests.‎ ‎18. A. By travelling worldwide. B. By testing the door holder.‎ C. By dropping a pile of papers. D. By putting cups of coffee on a tray.‎ ‎19. A. 35. B. 55.  C. 70. D. 90.‎ ‎20. A. She impressed the reporter with what she held in her hands.‎ B. She helped the reporter even though her hands were full.‎ C. She was looking for what she could do for others.‎ D. She told the reporter a warm enough story.‎ II. Grammar (1*10=10)‎ Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.‎ A new study shows that ___1___(good) your short-term memory the faster you feel fed up and decide you’ve had enough. The findings appear in the Journal of Consumer Research.‎ Noelle Nelson, assistant professor of marketing and consumer behavior at the University of Kansas School of Business. She and her colleague Joseph Redden at the University of Minnesota tried to think outside the lunch box. “Something that was interesting to me is that some people get tired of things ___2___ very different rates. When you think about pop songs on the radio, some people must still be enjoying them and requesting them even after hearing them a lot. But a lot of other people are really sick of those same songs.” The difference, the researchers supposed, might have to do with memories of past consumption.‎ The researchers tested the memory capacity of undergraduates. The students then viewed a repeating series of three classic paintings…like The Starry Night, American Gothic, and The Scream…or listened and re-listened to a series of three pop songs…or three pieces of classical music. Throughout the test, the participants were asked to rate their experience on a scale of zero to ten. “We found that people with larger capacities remembered more about the music or art, which led to them ___3___(get) tired of the music or art more quickly. So remembering more details actually made the participants feel like they’d experienced the music or art more often.” The findings suggest that marketers ___4___ cope with our desire for their products by figuring out ways to distract us and keep us from fully remembering our experiences. We could also trick ____5____ into eating less junk food by recalling the experience of a previous snack. As for kids easily bored, just tell them to forget about it—it might help them have more fun.‎ Clearly if we are to participate in the society in which we live, we must ‎ communicate with other people. A great deal of communicating is performed on a person-to-person basis by the simple means of speech. If we travel in buses, buy things in shops, or eat in restaurants, we are likely to have conversations ___6___ we give information or opinions, receive news or comment and very likely have our views ___7___(challenge) by other members of society.‎ Face-to face contact is by no means the only form of communication and during the last two hundred years the art of mass communication ___8___(become) one of the dominating factors of current society. Two things, above others, have caused the enormous growth of the communication industry. Firstly, inventiveness has led to advances in printing, telecommunications, photography, radio and television. Secondly, speed has revolutionized the transmission and reception of communications___9___ local news often takes a back seat to national news, which itself is often almost eclipsed (失去优势) by international news.‎ No longer is the possession of information restricted to a wealthy minority. In the last century the wealthy man with his own library was indeed fortunate, but today there are public libraries. Forty years ago, people used to go to the cinema, but now far more people sit at home and turn on the TV to watch a program that ___10___(channel) into millions of homes…..‎ ‎【答案】1. the better ‎ ‎2. at 3. getting ‎ ‎4. could /can ‎ ‎5. ourselves ‎ ‎6. where 7. challenged ‎ ‎8. has become ‎ ‎9. so that 10. is being channeled ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ 这是一篇说明文。一项新的研究表明，你的短期记忆越好，你就会越快感到厌倦，并认为自己已经受够了。这项研究结果发表在《消费者研究》杂志上。同时说明了实验的过程以及说明如今人们的沟通方式的变化。‎ ‎【1题详解】‎ 考查形容词比较级。结合下文the faster you feel fed up可知为“the +比较级，the+比较级”结构表示“越……，越……”，故填the better。‎ ‎【2题详解】‎ 考查介词。句意：我感兴趣的是，人们对同一事物感到厌倦的速度有很大差异。“at …rate”表示“以……的速度”，是固定搭配。故该空填介词at。‎ ‎【3题详解】‎ 考查非谓语动词。句意：我们发现，能力更强的人对音乐或艺术的记忆更多，这导致他们更快地厌倦音乐或艺术。lead to意为“导致”，to是介词，后面接动名词作宾语。故该空填动名词getting。‎ ‎【4题详解】‎ 考查情态动词。句意：研究结果表明，市场营销人员可以通过分散我们的注意力，不让我们完全记住自己的经历，来操纵我们对产品的欲望。根据下文cope为动词原形可知本空应填情态动词，表示“可以”，故填could/can。‎ ‎【5题详解】‎ 考查反身代词。句意：我们也可以通过回忆以前吃零食的经历来欺骗我们自己少吃垃圾食品。trick sb into doing sth“诱使某人做某事”。结合语境以及上文we可知此处表示“我们自己”应用反身代词。故填ourselves。‎ ‎【6题详解】‎ 考查定语从句。句意：如果我们乘公共汽车旅行，在商店买东西，或在餐馆吃饭，我们很可能在交谈中提供信息或意见，接收新闻或评论，很可能我们的观点会受到社会其他成员的挑战。分析句子结构可知，___6___ we give information or opinions, receive news or comment and very likely have our views ___7___(challenge) by other members of society是定语从句，修饰conversations，引导词在从句中作抽象地点状语，需用关系副词where引导从句。故填where。‎ ‎【7题详解】‎ 考查非谓语动词。本句为“have sth. done”结构，challenge与views构成被动关系应用过去分词，故填challenged。‎ ‎【8题详解】‎ 考查时态和主谓一致。根据上文during the last two hundred years 可知应用现在完成时，主语为the art of mass communication，谓语动词用单数。故填has become。‎ ‎【9题详解】‎ 考查连词。句意：其次，信息传播的速度已经彻底改变了通信的传输和接收方式，所以地方新闻常常被置于国家新闻之后，而国家新闻本身也常常被国际新闻所掩盖。本句为结果状语从句，表示“所以”，故填so that。‎ ‎【10题详解】‎ 考查时态，语态和主谓一致。句意：现在越来越多的人坐在家里，打开电视看正在被传输到千家万户的电视节目……。that ___10___(channel) into millions of homes是定语从句，修饰a program。空处在句中作谓语。根据时间状语now，结合句意，人们观看的是正在被传输的电视节目，因此应用现在进行时态。且that指代a program是单数，和channel之间是被动关系，句子应用被动语态，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。综上，故填is being channeled。‎ ‎【点睛】定语从句的关系词的选择可考虑以下三点：‎ ‎(1)一看先行词的意义，即分清先行词是指人、指物、时间、地点还是原因(如指物时不能用who或whom，指人时通常不用which等)‎ ‎(2)二看关系词的句法功能，即分清关系词是担任什么句子成分，是作主语还是宾语、是作定语还是状语等(如作定语通常用whose，有时也用which；作状语要用when, where, why)‎ ‎(3)三看定语从句的种类，即分清是限制性定语从句还是非限制性定语从句(如that和why通常不引导非限制性定语从句)‎ 如第六小题，句意：如果我们乘公共汽车旅行，在商店买东西，或在餐馆吃饭，我们很可能在交谈中提供信息或意见，接收新闻或评论，很可能我们的观点会受到社会其他成员的挑战。分析句子结构可知，___6___ we give information or opinions, receive news or comment and very likely have our views ___7___(challenge) by other members of society是定语从句，修饰conversations，引导词在从句中作抽象地点状语，需用关系副词where引导从句。故填where。‎ Vocabulary 10’‎ Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.‎ You're trying your best to enjoy an evening cookout, but a constant swarm of mosquitoes follows you from grill to poolside. The threat? A pierce to your skin, leaving behind an itchy red welt and possibly even a serious illness. As you swat madly at the pests, you notice that others seem completely unbothered. Could it be that mosquitoes prefer to bite some people over others?‎ The short answer is yes. Mosquitoes do ___11___ blood-sucking preferences, say the experts. "One in 10 people are highly attractive to mosquitoes," reports Jerry Butler, PhD, professor emeritus at the University of Florida. But it's not dinner they're sucking out of you. Female mosquitoes -- males do not bite people -- need human blood to develop ___12___ eggs. And apparently, not just anyone's will do.‎ Who Mosquitoes Like Best? Although researchers have yet to ___13___ what mosquitoes consider an ideal hunk (大块) of human flesh, the hunt is on. "There's a tremendous amount of research being conducted on what compounds and odors people exude that might be attractive to mosquitoes," says Joe Conlon, PhD, technical advisor to the American Mosquito Control Association. With 400 different compounds to examine, it's an extremely laborious process. "Researchers are just beginning to ____14____ the surface," he says.‎ Scientists do know that genetics _____15_____ for an overwhelming 85% of our susceptibility to mosquito bites. They've also identified certain elements of our body chemistry that, when found in excess on the skin's surface, make mosquitoes swarm closer.‎ ‎"People with high _____16_____ of steroids or cholesterol on their skin surface attract mosquitoes," Butler tells WebMD. That doesn't necessarily mean that mosquitoes prey on people with higher overall levels of cholesterol, Butler explains. These people simply may be more efficient at processing cholesterol, the byproducts of which remain on the skin's surface.‎ Mosquitoes also ___17___ people who produce excess amounts of certain acids, such as uric acid, explains entomologist John Edman, PhD, spokesman for the Entomological ‎ Society of America. These substances can trigger mosquitoes' sense of smell, luring them to land on ____18____victims.‎ But the process of attraction begins long before the landing. Mosquitoes can smell their dinner from a(n) _____19_____ distance of up to 50 meters, explains Edman. This doesn't bode well for people who emit large quantities of carbon dioxide…..Luckily, there are chemical-based mosquito repellents and the soybean oil-based repellent that can help to keep the bite at____20____.‎ ‎【答案】11. C 12. AC ‎ ‎13. BC 14. BD ‎ ‎15. AB 16. ABC ‎ ‎17. B 18. AD ‎ ‎19. D 20. A ‎【解析】‎ 这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了专家们发现蚊子确实显示出吸血的偏好，以及说明了人体中哪些因素会导致人更容易吸引蚊子的叮咬，如人体化学中的某些元素，皮肤表面高浓度类固醇或胆固醇的人会吸引蚊子以及包括那些产生过量某些酸的人等等。‎ ‎【11题详解】‎ 考查动词。句意：专家们说，蚊子确实显示出吸血的偏好。根据上文do可知应填动词原形，且结合句意可知表示“显示”应为exhibit。故选C。‎ ‎【12题详解】‎ 考查形容词。句意：雌蚊——雄蚊不咬人——需要人的血液来培育可生育的卵子。修饰名词eggs应用形容词，且结合句意可知表示“能生育的”应为fertile。故选AC。‎ ‎【13题详解】‎ 考查动词。句意：虽然研究人员还没有确定蚊子认为理想的人肉块是什么，但寻找工作正在进行。根据上文to可知填动词原形，且根据句意可知表示“确定；查明”应为pinpoint。故选BC。‎ ‎【14题详解】‎ 考查动词。句意：“研究人员才刚刚开始触及表面，”他说。begin to do sth ,可知本空应填动词原形，且根据句意可知表示“触及表面”短语为scratch the surface。故选BD。‎ ‎【15题详解】‎ 考查动词。句意：科学家确实知道，基因决定了我们85% 的人易受蚊子叮咬。分析句子可知，本句为一般现在时，主语为genetics，本空需要动词，且根据句意可知表示“导致；决定”短语为account for。故选AB。‎ ‎【16题详解】‎ 考查名词。句意：“皮肤表面高浓度类固醇或胆固醇的人会吸引蚊子，”Butler告诉WebMD。根据上文high可知应填名词，且根据句意可知表示“浓度”为concentrations。故选ABC。‎ ‎【17题详解】‎ 考查动词。句意：美国昆虫学会发言人、昆虫学家John Edman博士解释说，蚊子目标还包括那些产生过量某些酸的人，比如尿酸。结合上文可知应填动词原形，且结合句意可知表示“以……为目标”为target。故选B。‎ ‎18题详解】‎ 考查形容词。句意：这些物质可以触发蚊子的嗅觉，引诱它们落在毫无防备的受害者身上。修饰名词victims可知应填形容词，且结合句意表示“毫无防备的”为unsuspecting。故选AD。‎ ‎【19题详解】‎ 考查形容词。句意：埃德曼解释说，蚊子从一个令人赞叹的距离——50米远的地方就能闻到食物的味道。修饰名词distance应用形容词，且结合句意表示“令人赞叹的”为impressive。故选D ‎【20题详解】‎ 考查名词。句意：幸运的是，有化学驱蚊剂和豆油驱蚊剂可以帮助阻止蚊虫叮咬。at bay意为“(猎物等)被困，处于走投无路的境地”，符合语境。故选A。‎ III. Reading comprehension Section A Cloze: 15‎ I recently met a Texan couple whose son was still in diapers. They were seeking to get him into a preschool that ____21____ a private preparatory school with a great record for college admissions.‎ The couple were ambivalent (uncertain) about doing this. They were from immigrant and working-class backgrounds, and had thrived in public schools. In theory, they believed that all children should have an equal chance to succeed. But I ____22____ that if they got their son a spot in the preschool, they’d take it.‎ It’s a familiar story. Psychologists, sociologists and journalists have spent over a decade critiquing （评论；评判）the habits of “helicopter parents” and their school ____23____. They insist that hyper-parenting backfires — creating a generation of stressed-out kids who can’t ____24____ alone. Parents themselves alternate between feeling guilty, panicked and ridiculous.‎ But a new research shows that in our unequal era, this kind of parenting brings life-changing benefits. According to the research, when inequality hit a low in the 1970s, there wasn’t that much of a gap between what someone earned with or without a college degree. Strict parenting ____25____ an era of “permissive parenting” — giving children lots of freedom with little oversight.‎ In the 1980s, however, inequality increased sharply in Western countries, especially the United States, and the gap between white- and blue-collar pay widened. Permissive parenting was replaced by helicopter parenting. Middle- and upper-class parents who’d gone to public schools and spent evenings playing kickball in the neighborhood began elbowing their toddlers into fast-track preschools and spending evenings monitoring their homework and driving them to activities.‎ American parents eventually increased their ____26____ caregiving by about 12 hours a week, compared with the 1970s.‎ Not all the changes were rational. But____27____, the new parenting efforts seemed effective. When the researchers analyzed the 2012 PISA, an academic test of 15-year-olds around the world, along with reports from the teenagers and their parents about how they interact, they found that an “intensive parenting style” correlated with higher scores on the test.‎ It’s not enough just to ____28____ over your kids, however. If you do it as an “authoritarian” parent — defined as someone who ____29____ directives, expects children to obey and sometimes hits those who don’t — you won’t get the full benefits.‎ The most effective parents, according to the authors, are “authoritative.” They use reasoning to persuade kids to do things that are good for them. Instead of strict obedience, they emphasize ____30____, problem-solving and independence — skills that ‎ will help their offspring in future workplaces that we can’t even imagine yet.‎ And they seem most successful at helping their kids achieve the holy grails(圣杯) of modern parenting: college and postgraduate degrees, which now have a huge financial payoff.‎ The benefits aren’t just ____31____. In a British study, kids raised by authoritative parents reported better health and higher self-esteem. In the American study, they were less likely to use drugs, smoke or ____32____ alcohol.‎ So why wouldn’t everyone just become a(n) ____33____ parent? Religious people, regardless of their income, are more likely to be authoritarian parents who expect obedience and believe in corporal punishment, the authors found. Working-class and poor parents might not have the leisure time to hover or the budget to pay for activities and expensive schools. And they may ___34___ feel that they need to prepare their children for jobs in which rule-following matters more than debating skills. Those who can afford to helicopter are probably making things even more unequal for the next generation. Since there’s apparently no ____35____ to how much people will do for their kids, the prognosis for parenting doesn’t look good. Yet another reason to elect people who’ll make America more equal: We grown-ups can finally stop doing homework.‎ ‎21. A. changes into B. feeds into C. turns into D. transforms into ‎22. A. claimed B. doubted C. suspected D. questioned ‎23. A. obsessions B. associations C. observations D. investigations ‎24. A. mention B. action C. transition D. function ‎25. A. objected to B. contributed to C. gave rise to D. gave way to ‎26. A. hands-down B. hands-off C. hands-on D. hands-over ‎27. A. for all the attention B. for the most part C. within ‎ defined areas D. under right supervision ‎28. A. look B. hover C. take D. protect ‎29. A. issues B. figures C. employs D. evaluates ‎30. A. reliability B. probability C. regularity D. adaptability ‎31. A. financial B. physical C. academic D. mental ‎32. A. abuse B. refuse C. counter D. command ‎33. A. permissive B. authoritative C. authoritarian D. helicopter ‎34 A. neutrally B. formally C. rightly D. reluctantly ‎35. A. link B. proof C. comparison D. limit ‎【答案】21. B 22. C 23. A 24. D 25. D 26. C 27. B 28. B 29. A 30. D 31. C 32. A 33. B 34. C 35. D ‎【解析】‎ 这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了心理学家、社会学家和记者花了十多年的时间来批评“直升机父母”的习惯和他们对学校的痴迷。他们坚持认为，过度养育会产生事与愿违的结果——产生一代压力过大、无法独立生活的孩子。但一项新的研究表明，在我们这个不平等的时代，这种教育方式带来了改变人生的好处。同时对比了不同时期家长教育方式的不同。得出结论在大多数情况下，这种新的育儿方式似乎很有效。‎ ‎【21题详解】‎ 考查动词短语辨析。句意：他们想把他送进一所幼儿园，这所幼儿园隶属于一所私立预科学校，该学校有很好的大学录取记录。A. changes into变成；B. feeds into流入，注入；C. turns into变成，成为；D. transforms into转变成。幼儿园不可能“变成”预科学校，由此可以排除ACD三个选项。根据常识，该幼儿园应该是该私立学校旗下的一个分支机构，即：幼儿园“流入”私立预科学校。故选B。‎ ‎【22题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：但我认为如果他们能让他们的儿子上这个幼儿园，他们会接受的。‎ A. claimed宣称； B. doubted怀疑；C. suspected认为，怀疑；D. questioned质疑。该句前面提到：这对夫妇对这样做感到矛盾。他们来自移民和工人阶级家庭，在公立学校里茁壮成长。从理论上讲，他们认为所有的孩子都应该有平等的成功机会。根据But转折可知，尽管这对夫妇对于将孩子送入这个幼儿园感到矛盾，但是一旦有机会，他们是会这样做的。这是作者的看法。故选C。‎ ‎【23题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：心理学家、社会学家和记者花了十多年来批评“直升机父母”的习惯和他们对学校的痴迷。A. obsessions痴迷； B. associations联系，社团； C. observations观察，观测；D. investigations调查。根据第一和第二段那对夫妇的例子可知，很多“直升机父母”追求名校，想让孩子上好学校。即：对名校的痴迷。故选A。‎ ‎【24题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们坚持认为，过度养育会产生事与愿违的结果——产生一代压力过大、无法独立生活的孩子。A. mention提及；B. action务必做，确保处理；C. transition（n.）转变，过渡；D. function运转，正常工作。根据该句前面提到心理学家，社会学家和记者们批判“直升机父母”可以推知，他们认为这样做不好，会导致孩子无法独立“运转”。故选D。‎ ‎【25题详解】‎ 考查动词短语辨析。句意：严格的家教让位于“宽松家教”的时代——给孩子们很多自由，几乎没有监督。A. objected to反对；B. contributed to为……做贡献； C. gave rise to引起，导致；D. gave way to给……让路。根据该句前面一句可知，根据这项研究，当不平等在20世纪70年代达到最低点时，拥有或没有大学学位的人之间的收入差距并没有那么大。由此推知，70年代，人们推崇的是“宽松家教”，即：“严格家教”给“宽松家教”让路。故选D。‎ ‎【26题详解】‎ 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：与上世纪70年代相比，美国父母最终将他们的亲自照料孩子的时间增加了大约12个小时。A. hands-down无疑的，唾手可得的；B. hands-off 不干涉的，不插手的；C. hands-on亲身实践的，亲自动手的；D. hands-over。根据上一段可知，上过公立学校、晚上在社区里玩踢球的中上层阶级家长开始把他们的孩子推到快速学前班，晚上监督他们的家庭作业，开车带他们去参加活动。即：这些家长开始亲自照料孩子，教养孩子。故选C。‎ ‎【27题详解】‎ 考查介词短语辨析。句意：但在大多数情况下，这种新的育儿方式似乎很有效。A. for all the attention 对于所有的关注； B. for the most part在极大程度上，多半； C. within defined areas在定义的区域之内； D. under right supervision在正确的监督下。根据该段最后一句可知，研究发现，“强化教育方式”与考试高分相关。由此推知，尽管并非所有的改变都是合理的，但是，在大多数情况下，“强化教育方式”是有效的。故选B。‎ ‎【28题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，仅仅盯着你的孩子是不够的。A. look看；B. hover盘旋，徘徊； C. take带走；D. protect保护。下一句提到，如果你是作为一个“专制”的父母来做这件事，你将不会得到全部的好处。下一段建议人们要通过“说理”来说服孩子们。由此推知，该句想表达的是“强化式教育”并不意味着仅仅围着孩子转。故选B。‎ ‎【29题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果你是作为一个“专制”的父母来做这件事，你将不会得到全部的好处。“专制”父母的定义是发布指令，希望孩子们服从，有时还会打击那些不服从的人。A. issues发布，出版，发行； B. figures认为，认定，计算； C. employs雇佣； D. evaluates评估。该句是对“专制”的父母的解释。根据常识可知，专制型的人往往会发布指令。故选A。‎ ‎【30题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们强调的不是严格的服从，而是适应能力、解决问题的能力和独立性—这些技能将有助于他们的后代在未来的工作场所中发挥作用，这是我们甚至还无法想象的。A. reliability可靠性； B. probability可能性； C. regularity规律性； D. adaptability适应性。该空和problem-solving，independence并列，都是有助于孩子们未来工作的技能。由此推知，“适应性”符合语境。故选D。‎ ‎【31题详解】‎ 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这些好处不仅仅是学业方面的。A. financial财务的，金融的； B. physical身体的，物理的；C. academic学业的，学术的； D. mental精神的，脑力的。上一段中提到的“college and postgraduate degrees”都是学业方面的成就。故选C。‎ ‎【32题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在这项美国研究中，他们吸毒，抽烟，酗酒的可能性更小。A. abuse滥用，辱骂； B. refuse拒绝； C. counter反驳，驳斥 D. command 命令，指挥。结合前面的。____ alcohol和use drugs，smoke并列，都是一些不好的行为。故推知，该处应指“滥用酒精”。故选A。‎ ‎33题详解】‎ 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：那么，为什么不是每个人都成为一个权威的家长呢? A. permissive放任的，纵容的；B. authoritative命令式的，专断的；C. authoritarian威权主义的，专制的；D. helicopter（n.）直升机。前面三段介绍的是“权威型家长”的特点以及好处。该段承接上文，提出问题：既然“权威型家长”这么好，为什么不是每个人都成为一个权威型的家长呢？故选B。‎ ‎【34题详解】‎ 考查副词词义辨析。句意：他们可能会理所当然地认为，他们需要为孩子们准备好工作，在这些工作中，遵守规则比辩论技巧更重要。A. neutrally中立地；B. formally正式地； C. rightly正当地，理由充分地； D. reluctantly不情愿地，嫌恶地。上一句提到：工薪阶层和贫困家庭的父母可能没有空闲时间或预算来支付活动和昂贵的学校费用。因此这些父母“有充足的理由”认为他们需要为孩子们准备好工作。故选C。‎ ‎【35题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：显然人们为孩子所做的事情没有限度，所以父母对孩子的教育前景并不乐观。A. link联系； B. proof证明； C. comparison比较； D. limit限制。该段前面分别以“religious people”，“working-class and poor parents”，“helicopter parents”为例，分别阐述了这三类父母为孩子付出的不同。由此推知，不同类型的父母为孩子的付出是不同的，这种付出可多可少，没有“限度”。故选D。‎ Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.‎ ‎(A)‎ As more and more people speak the global languages of English, Chinese, Spanish, and Arabic, other languages are rapidly disappearing. In fact, half of the 6,000-7,000 languages spoken around the world today will likely die out by the next century, according to the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization ‎ (UNESCO).‎ In an effort to prevent language loss, scholars from a number of organizations —— UNESCO and National Geographic among them—have for many years been documenting dying languages and the cultures they reflect.‎ Mark Turin, a scientist at the Macmillan Centre Yale University, who specializes in the languages and oral traditions of the Himalayas, is following that tradition. His recently published book, A Grammar of Thangmi with an Ethnolinguistic Introduction to the Speakers and Their Culture, grows out of his experience of living, working, and raising a family in a village in Nepal.‎ Documenting the Thangmi language and culture is just a starting point for Turin, who seeks to include other languages and oral traditions across the Himalayan reaches of India , Nepal, Bhutan, and China . But he is not content to simply record these voices before they disappear without record.‎ At the University of Cambridge Turin discovered a wealth of important materials—— including photographs, films, tape recordings, and field notes—— which had remained unstudied and were badly in need of care and protection.‎ Now, through the two organizations that he has founded ——the Digital Himalaya Project and the World Oral Literature Project ——Turin has started a campaign to make such documents available not just to scholars but to the younger generations of communities from whom the materials were originally collected. Thanks to digital technology and the widely available Internet, Turin notes, the endangered languages can be saved and reconnected with speech communities.‎ ‎36. Many scholars are making efforts to ______.‎ A. promote global languages B. rescue disappearing languages C. search for language communities D. set up language research organizations.‎ ‎37. What does “that tradition” in Paragraph 3 refer to ?‎ A. Having full records of the languages B. Writing books on language teaching.‎ C. Telling stories about language users D. Living with the native speaker.‎ ‎38. What is Turin’s book based on?‎ A. The cultural studies B. The documents available at Yale.‎ C. His language research in Bhutan. D. His personal experience in Nepal.‎ ‎39. Which of the following best describe Turin’s work?‎ A. Write, sell and donate. B. Record, repair and reward.‎ C. Collect, protect and reconnect. D. Design, experiment and report.‎ ‎【答案】36. B 37. A 38. D 39. C ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ 本文是一篇记叙文。叙述了学者们正在努力记录濒临消失的语言和文化，来挽救这些语言。耶鲁大学的科学家Mark Turin专门研究喜马拉雅山的语言和口述传统，并他根据自己在尼泊尔一个村庄的生活经历写了一本书。他不只是满足把这些语言在灭绝前记录下来，他要把他们挽救下来，和现在的语言进行重新的连接。‎ ‎【36题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“In an effort to prevent language loss, scholars from a number of organizations —— UNESCO and National Geographic among them—have for many years been documenting dying languages and the cultures they reflect.”可知， 为了防止语言的流失，教科文组织和国家地理等多个组织的学者多年来一直在记录濒临消亡的语言和它们所反映的文化。结合题干可知，很多学者正在努力地挽救濒临灭绝的语言。故选B。‎ ‎【37题详解】‎ 词义猜测题。根据第二段In an effort to prevent language loss, scholars from a number of organizations —— UNESCO and National Geographic among them—have for many years been documenting dying languages and the cultures they reflect.（为了防止语言的流失，教科文组织和国家地理等多个组织的学者多年来一直在记录濒临消亡的语言和它们所反映的文化。）提到：很多学者多年来一直在记录濒临消亡的语言和它们所反映的文化。紧接着第三段第一句Mark Turin, a scientist at the Macmillan Centre Yale University, who specializes in the languages and oral traditions of the Himalayas, is following in that tradition.‎ ‎（马克·图灵是耶鲁大学麦克米伦中心的一名科学家，专门研究喜马拉雅山的语言和口头传统，他继承了这一传统。）就提到马克·图灵继承了这一传统。联系第二段，很明显，that tradition指的是“记录濒临消亡的语言和它们所反映的文化”这一做法。结合选项，A选项表达了这个意思。故选A。‎ ‎【38题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“His recently published book, A Grammar of Thangmi with an Ethnolinguistic Introduction to the Speakers and Their Culture, grows out of his experience of living, working, and raising a family in a village in Nepal.”可知，Turin最近出版的书是根据他在尼泊尔一个村庄的生活、工作和养家的经历写成的。即：这本书是基于他在尼泊尔的个人经历写成的。故选D。‎ ‎【39题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Turin has started a campaign to make such documents available not just to scholars but to the younger generations of communities from whom the materials were originally collected. Thanks to digital technology and the widely available Internet, Turin notes, the endangered languages can be saved and reconnected with speech communities.”可知，都灵已经开始了一场运动，不仅让学者们可以获得这些文件，而且让那些最初收集这些材料的社区的年轻一代也可以获得这些文件。都灵指出，由于数字技术和广泛使用的互联网，濒危语言可以得到拯救，并与语言社区重新建立联系。由此可以概括出Turin的工作主要是：搜集材料，保护这些材料，重建这些语言和语言社区的联系。故选C。‎ ‎【点睛】词义猜测题是高考阅读理解中常考题型之一，可以大致分为 ‎① 定义猜词，可以根据定义信息和举例猜测词义。如文中常用refer to，be called或that’s to say，such as等。‎ ‎② 逻辑猜词可以根据同义词、反义词、因果关系词等猜测词义，例如，similarly,the same as,but,however,while,on the other hand,since ,because等，所猜词与这些提示词前/后面部分的含义一样、相反或是前因后果。‎ ‎③ 语法猜词，可以根据构词法，再结合上下文进行猜词。‎ ‎④ 语境猜词，猜测词义离不开上下文的语境，通过上下文提供的情景和线索进行合理的分析，同时还要关注其所在的整段及整篇文章。‎ ‎⑤ 指代猜词即找出人称代词、指示代词、关系代词或关系副词等所指代的内容，做题时要注意指代词的位置，以便于判断，然后用所找的指代内容替换划线代词，核实其逻辑、意义、位置等是否一致，最后比较所找部分与选项，确定意思最接近的选项。‎ 如第二小题，根据第二段In an effort to prevent language loss, scholars from a number of organizations —— UNESCO and National Geographic among them—have for many years been documenting dying languages and the cultures they reflect.（为了防止语言的流失，教科文组织和国家地理等多个组织的学者多年来一直在记录濒临消亡的语言和它们所反映的文化。）提到：很多学者多年来一直在记录濒临消亡的语言和它们所反映的文化。紧接着第三段第一句Mark Turin, a scientist at the Macmillan Centre Yale University, who specializes in the languages and oral traditions of the Himalayas, is following in that tradition.（马克·图灵是耶鲁大学麦克米伦中心的一名科学家，专门研究喜马拉雅山的语言和口头传统，他继承了这一传统。）就提到马克·图灵继承了这一传统。联系第二段，很明显，that tradition指的是“记录濒临消亡的语言和它们所反映的文化”这一做法。结合选项，A选项表达了这个意思。故选A。‎ ‎ (B)‎ The global energy crisis is approaching. What can we do? Here are some steps you can take.‎ Cooling puts the greatest stress on your summer energy bill and the power grid. Just as a tune-up for your car can improve your gas mileage, a yearly tune-up of your heating and cooling system can improve efficiency and comfort. Clean or replace filter monthly or as needed.‎ For central air conditioning systems and room air conditioners, look for the ENERGY STAR, the federal government’s symbol for energy efficiency. For central air, purchase the system with the highest possible Seasonal Energy Efficiency Ratio. (SEER)‎ Use energy efficient ceiling fans either alone or with air conditioning. Ceiling fans do a great job of circulating air. When used with air conditioning, fans allow you to raise the thermostat and cut costs. Ceiling fans cool people, not rooms, so before you leave, turn off the ceiling fan.‎ Let a programmable thermostat “remember for you” to automatically adjust the indoor climate with your daily and weekend patterns to reduce cooling bills by up to 10 percent. You can come home to a comfortable house without wasting energy and creating pollution all day while you are at work.‎ Try to make your home airtight enough to increase your comfort, make your home ‎ quieter and cleaner and reduce your cooling costs up to 20 percent.‎ Cut your air conditioning load, and reduce pollution by planting leafy trees around your home and fixing reflective bricks on your roof.‎ Close blinds or shades on south-and west-facing windows during the day, or fix shading equipment to avoid heat build-up.‎ Turn off everything not in use: lights, TVs, computers. And use fluorescent bulbs, which provide bright, warm light while using at least two-thirds less energy, producing 70 percent less heat and lasting up to 10 times longer than incandescent bulbs.‎ Drive the car that gets better gas mileage whenever possible if you own more than one vehicle. If you drive 12,500 miles a year, switching 10 percent of your trips from a car that gets 20 miles per gallon to one that gets 30 mpg will save you more than £65 per year.‎ Carpool. The average U.S. commuter could save about £260 a year by sharing cars twice a week with two other people in a car that gets 20.1 mpg-assuming the three passengers share the cost of gas.‎ ‎40. According to the passage, the thermostat is used to ________.‎ A. make rooms quieter B. control room temperature C. turn off the air conditioner D. reduce room air pollution ‎41. We can conclude from the passage that the author probably discourages _________.‎ A. planting leafy trees around your home B. turning off the ceiling fan before you leave your house C. keeping your south-facing windows open during the day D. using fluorescent bulbs instead of incandescent bulbs ‎42. According to the passage, you can save fuel by _______.‎ A. using energy-efficient ceiling fans B. sharing cars with others on workdays C. turning off everything not in use D. reducing 10% of your car trips every year ‎【答案】40. B 41. C 42. B ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ 这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了导致能源危机的一些原因并提出了相应的解决方法。‎ ‎【40题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据第五段中的“Let a programmable thermostat “remember for you” to automatically adjust the indoor climate with your daily and weekend patterns to reduce cooling bills by up to 10 percent.”可知，让一个可编程的恒温器“为你记住”去自动调整室内气候与你的日常和周末模式，以减少高达10%的冷却费用。由此可知，恒温器是调整室内气候，即控制室温。故选B。‎ ‎【41题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据第八段“Close blinds or shades on south-and west-facing windows during the day, or fix shading equipment to avoid heat build-up.”可知，作者支持我们在白天关闭朝南和朝西的窗户的百叶窗或遮帘，或修理遮阳设备以避免热量积聚。可以推断出，作者不赞成白天开着朝南的窗户。故选C。‎ ‎【42题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据最后一段“Carpool. The average U.S. commuter could save about £260 a year by sharing cars twice a week with two other people in a car that gets 20.1 mpg-assuming the three passengers share the cost of gas.”可知，美国普通通勤者每周与另外两个人共用一辆每加仑汽油行驶20.1英里的汽车，平均每年可节省约260英镑——假设这三名乘客分摊汽油费用。所以作者建议工作日拼车。故选B。‎ ‎【点睛】态度、观点及感受类推理判断题。高考阅读理解题中有些题目考查考生对文章作者的思想、人物性格倾向等方面的理解。对于判断情感态度类题目，考生需要分析段落大意、作者的思路，理解了文章的段落大意、中心思想后，才能判断出作者的情感态度。学会辨别清楚文章的体裁。‎ 高考阅读理解题涉及各类文章。以议论文为主，文章的主题句往往会直接地表明作者的态度立场；说明文，因为其体裁的客观性，所以作者往往采取中立态度；记叙文，作者往往不直接提出文章观点，而且作者写作时也常常带有某种倾向性，所以我们在读这种体裁的文章时，要细心捕捉表达或暗示情感态度的单词或短语。学会区分不同的观点，尤其要善于找出作者的观点。我们要注意文中出现的直接引语和间接引语。出现的观点一般是当事人的观点，而不是作者的观点。此类试题的干扰项常具有以下特点：或是自己的某种看法或观点；或是社会的一种普遍倾向；或是与本文无关或与作者的观点或看法相反等。学生容易误选与自己的看法相吻合的选项。‎ 如第二小题，根据第八段“Close blinds or shades on south-and west-facing windows during the day, or fix shading equipment to avoid heat build-up.”可知，作者支持我们在白天关闭朝南和朝西的窗户的百叶窗或遮帘，或修理遮阳设备以避免热量积聚。可以推断出，作者不赞成白天开着朝南的窗户。故选C。‎ ‎(C)‎ Earlier this year a series of papers in The Lancet reported that 85 percent of the $265 billion spent each year on medical research is wasted because too often absolutely nothing happens after initial results of a study are published. No follow-up investigations to replicate(复制) or expand on a discovery. No one uses the findings to build new technologies.‎ The problem is not just what happens after publication — scientists often have trouble choosing the right questions and properly designing studies to answer them. Too many studies test too few subjects to arrive at firm conclusions. Researchers publish reports on hundreds of treatments for diseases that work in animal models but not in humans. Drug companies find themselves unable to reproduce promising drug targets published by the best academic institutions. The growing recognition that something has gone wrong in the laboratory has led to calls for, as one might guess, more research on research — attempts to find rules to ensure that peer-reviewed studies are, in fact, valid.‎ It will take a concerted effort by scientists and other stakeholders to fix this problem. We can do so by exploring ways to make scientific investigation more reliable and efficient. These may include collaborative team science, study registration, stronger study designs and statistical tools, and better peer review, along with making scientific data widely available so that others can replicate experiments, therefore building trust in the conclusions of those studies.‎ Reproducing other scientists’ analyses or replicating their results has too often in the past been looked down on with a kind of “me-too” derision(嘲笑) that would waste resources — but often they may help avoid false leads that would have ‎ been even more wasteful. Perhaps the biggest obstacle to replication is the inaccessibility of data and results necessary to rerun the analyses that went into the original experiments. Searching for such information can be extremely difficult. Investigators die, move and change jobs; computers crash; online links malfunction. Data are sometimes lost — even, as one researcher claimed when confronted about spurious(伪造的) results, eaten by termites(白蚁).‎ There has definitely been some recent progress. An increasing number of journals, including Nature and Science, have adopted measures such as checklists for study design and reporting while improving statistical review and encouraging access to data. Several funding agencies, meanwhile, have asked that researchers outline their plans for sharing data before they can receive a government grant.‎ But it will take much more to achieve a lasting culture change. Investigators should be rewarded for performing good science rather than just getting statistically significant (“positive”) but nonreplicable results. Revising the present incentive(激励) structure may require changes on the part of journals, funders, universities and other research institutions.‎ ‎43. What is the problem reported in those papers in The Lancet?‎ A. Great achievements in medical research failed to get published.‎ B. Money was wasted on follow-up investigations in medical research.‎ C. Too many new research findings are not put into use after publication.‎ D. Few scientists are devoted to building new technologies for mankind.‎ ‎44. Which of the following situation is most similar to the problem described in paragraph 2?‎ A. A high school decides to cut its art programs due to the lack of fund.‎ B. A patient gets sicker because he does not follow the doctor’s advice.‎ C. A marketing firm tests a website with participants that are not target population.‎ D. A drug company fails to produce the new drug due to no access to the latest data.‎ ‎45. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?‎ A. Measures are taken to ensure publication of tested results only.‎ B. Scientific experiments must be replicable to be considered valid.‎ C. Experiment replication is unoriginal and not worthwhile.‎ D. Rewards should be given only to those nonreplicable findings.‎ ‎46. The purpose of this article is to ___________.‎ A. argue that scientific research lacks efficiency B. explain the result of a recent scientific study C. introduce some recent progress in medical research D. highlight the possible problems of research studies ‎【答案】43. C 44. C 45. B 46. D ‎【解析】‎ 这是一篇说明文。今年早些时候 The Lancet发表的一系列论文称，每年用于医学研究的2,650亿美元中，有85%被浪费了，因为在一项研究的初步结果发表后，往往什么都没有发生。文章论述了医学研究存在的两大问题：1. 很多研究发现没有被投入使用。2. 研究过程本身存在问题。文章提出，要通过共同努力来解决这些问题。‎ ‎【43题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据第一段“Earlier this year a series of papers in The Lancet reported that 85 percent of the $265 billion spent each year on medical research is wasted because too often absolutely nothing happens after initial results of a study are published. No follow-up investigations to replicate(复制) or expand on a discovery. No one uses the findings to build new technologies. ”可知，每年用于医学研究的2,650亿美元中，有85%被浪费了，因为在一项研究的初步结果发表后，往往什么都没有发生。没有后续调查来复制或扩展一个发现。没有人利用这些发现来开发新技术。结合选项，C选项表达了这个意思：很多发现在被发表之后并没有被投入使用。故选C。‎ ‎【44题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据第二段中的“scientists often have trouble choosing the right questions and properly designing studies to answer them. Too many studies test too few subjects to arrive at firm conclusions. Researchers publish reports on hundreds of treatments for diseases that work in animal models but not in humans. Drug companies find themselves unable to reproduce promising drug targets published by the best academic institutions.‎ ‎”可知，科学家们经常在选择正确的问题和正确设计研究来回答这些问题时遇到困难。太多的研究对太少的对象进行测试，无法得出确定的结论。研究人员发表了数百种治疗疾病的方法的报告，这些方法在动物模型中有效，但在人类身上无效。制药公司发现他们无法复制由最好的学术机构发表的有希望的药物目标。结合选项，C选项提到的“一个营销公司测试一个网站的参与者，而这些参与者并不是该网站的目标人群。”则属于这一类问题。故选C。‎ ‎【45题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“We can do so by exploring ways to make scientific investigation more reliable and efficient. These may include collaborative team science, study registration, stronger study designs and statistical tools, and better peer review, along with making scientific data widely available so that others can replicate experiments, therefore building trust in the conclusions of those studies”可知，我们可以通过探索使科学调查更加可靠和有效的方法来做到这一点。这些可能包括协作团队科学、研究注册、更强的研究设计和统计工具、更好的同行评审，以及广泛提供科学数据，以便其他人能够复制实验，从而建立对这些研究结论的信任。由此推知，实验必须可以复制才能有效，获取信任。故选B。‎ ‎【46题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据文章第一段中Earlier this year a series of papers in The Lancet reported that 85 percent of the $265 billion spent each year on medical research is wasted because too often absolutely nothing happens after initial results of a study are published.（今年早些时候， The Lancet发表的一系列论文称，每年用于医学研究的2,650亿美元中，有85%被浪费了，因为在一项研究的初步结果发表后，往往什么都没有发生。）以及第一和第二段介绍了科学研究存在的问题。第三段提出解决问题的办法。第四段提出解决问题过程中可能遇到的困难。最后一段强调解决问题需要更多的努力。由此可知，这篇文章的写作目的是为了介绍科学研究存在的问题，后面的内容都是围绕这个展开的。结合选项，D选项符合题意。故选D。‎ Section C（8分）‎ Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.‎ According to a new study just published in Psychological Science, any one person seen in a group just seems better looking than when viewed alone. The reason: human ‎ eyes average things out, and when it comes to faces, average is usually good.‎ ‎_____47_____ Facial analysis studies show the symmetry(对称) is almost always regarded as prettier than asymmetry and the most beautiful faces are the ones on which eyes are no more or less than a certain distance apart, and the forehead, chin, cheeks and other features take up no more than a certain share of the whole. It’s the reason that models may be gorgeous but can prove awfully difficult to tell apart.‎ ‎“Perhaps,” says psychological scientist Drew Walker of the University of California, San Diego, in a statement that accompanied the release of the study, “beautiful people are all alike, but every unattractive person is unattractive in their own ways.”‎ To test how that plays out in a group setting, Walker and his UCSD collaborator, psychological scientist Edward Vul, recruited 130 undergraduate students and showed them pictures of 100 different men and women. _____48_____ Other times they were cut out to show just one face at a time. Still other times, the faces were taken out of context and arranged on a simple grid (网格) of either four, nine or 16 faces.‎ Consistently, the researchers found, the sole shots were regarded as less attractive than the faces viewed in a group—whether in a real setting or on the grid. This was true regardless of the gender of the subjects and regardless of whether they would broadly be described as following most definitions of attractiveness or unattractiveness. ____49____‎ The explanation for the phenomenon, they believe, is the averaging effect and how it works. ___50___ “Individuals with complementary features—one person with narrow eyes and one person with wide eyes—would enjoy a greater boost in attractiveness when seen together, as compared to groups composed of individuals who have similar features,” Walker and Vul write.‎ A. Both the gorgeous and non- gorgeous improved by being with other people.‎ B. Sometimes the subjects in the pictures were shown as part of a three-person group.‎ C. It turns out that people don’t even need to be in an actual group to look more attractive.‎ D. It’s no secret that our definition of beauty is defined by a very clear set of ‎ physical norms.‎ AB. A big nose in the company of a small nose does not look bigger still; rather, both noses move closer to the average.‎ AC. While being average-looking might seem like a bad thing, the research suggests that’s not necessarily the case for attractiveness.‎ ‎【答案】47. D 48. B ‎ ‎49. A 50. AB ‎【解析】‎ 这是一篇说明文。研究发现：任何一个人在一群人中出现时，看起来都比单独出现时好看。原因是：人类的眼睛会将事物平均化，而当涉及到脸部时，平均化通常是好的。文章对这个研究以及研究结果进行了具体的介绍。‎ ‎【47题详解】‎ 本句为本段主题句。结合下文Facial analysis studies show the symmetry is almost always regarded as prettier than asymmetry and the most beautiful faces are the ones on which eyes are no more or less than a certain distance apart,（面部分析研究表明，对称几乎总是被认为比不对称更漂亮，最漂亮的脸是那些眼睛之间距离不超过或少于一定距离的脸）以及通读本段可知本段主要说明人类定义美丽时所依据的生理标准，故D选项“众所周知，我们对美的定义是由一套非常清晰的物理规范定义的。”符合语境。故选D。‎ ‎【48题详解】‎ 结合后文Other times they were cut out to show just one face at a time. Still other times, the faces were taken out of context and arranged on a simple grid of either four, nine or 16 faces.（其他时候，他们被剪下来一次只露出一张脸。还有一些时候，这些脸被断章取法地排列在一个简单的网格上，由4张、9张或16张脸组成。）中Other times与Still other times 可对应到B选项中Sometimes，表示“有时，照片中的受试者作为三人小组的一部分被展示。”承接上下文。故选B。‎ ‎【49题详解】‎ 该空前文This was true regardless of the gender of the subjects and regardless of whether they would broadly be described as following most definitions of attractiveness or unattractiveness.‎ ‎（不管研究对象的性别如何，也不管他们是否被广泛地描述为符合大多数关于吸引力或无吸引力的定义，这都是正确的。）可知研究人员一致认为，无论是在真实环境中还是在网格中，单独的照片都不如在一组照片中看到的面孔有吸引力。不管研究对象的性别如何，也不管他们是否被广泛地描述为符合大多数关于吸引力或无吸引力的定义，这一点都是正确的。该空承接上文，A选项“华丽的人和不华丽的人都是通过和别人在一起而提高的”和上文最衔接。故选A。‎ ‎【50题详解】‎ 上一句The explanation for the phenomenon, they believe, is the averaging effect and how it works.提到：他们认为，对这种现象的解释是平均效应及其工作原理。下一句提到：沃克和沃尔在研究报告中写道:“与具有相似特征的个体组成的群体相比，具有互补特征的个体——个窄眼睛的人和一个宽眼睛的人—在一起看的时候更有吸引力。”。该空承上启下，应该提到和平均效应以及互补特征相关的话题，AB选项“在小鼻子的陪伴下，大鼻子并不显得更大;更确切地说，两只鼻子都向平均值靠近。”最符合语境。故选AB。‎ VI: Summary (10’)‎ ‎51.Directions: Read the passage carefully. Then write an English summary within 60 words in your own words according to the passage given below.‎ ‎“Parents today want their kids spending time on things that can bring them success, but ironically, we’ve stopped doing one thing that’s actually been a proven predictor of success—and that’s household chores.” says Richard Rende, a developmental psychologist in Paradise Valley, Ariz., and co-author of the forthcoming book “raising Can-Do Kids”. Decades of studies show the benefits of chores--academically, emotionally and professionally.‎ Giving children household chores at an early age helps to build a lasting sense of mastery, responsibility and independence, according to research by Marty Rossmann, professor at the University of Minnesota. In 2002, Dr. Rossmann analyzed data from a longitudinal(纵向的) study that followed 84 children across four periods in their lives--in preschool around ages 10 and 15, and in their mid-20s. She found that young adults who began chores at ages 3 and 4 were more likely to have good relationships with family and friends and to achieve academic and early career success and to be self-sufficient, as compared with those who didn’t have chores or who started them as teens.‎ Chores also teach children how to be empathetic and responsive to others’ needs,‎ ‎ notes psychologist Richard Weissbourd. In research, his team surveyed 10,000 high-school students and asked them to rank what they treasured more: achievement, happiness or caring for others. Almost 80% chose either achievement or happiness over caring for others. As he points out, however, research suggests that personal happiness comes most reliably not from high achievement but from strong relationships. “We’re out of balance,” says Dr. Weissbourd. A good way to start re-adjusting priorities, he suggests, is by learning to be kind and helpful at home.‎ The next time that your child asks to skip chores to do homework, resist the urge to let him or her off the hook. Being slack(懈怠的) about chores when they compete with school sends your child the message that grades and achievement are more important than caring about others. What may seem like small messages in the moment add up to big ones over time.‎ ‎【答案】Parents today overlook the significance of kids sharing housework, but studies show chores help children develop better in studies, mental health and even future careers. Besides, it enables kids to become responsible and self- reliant. Still, by doing their share of chores, kids grow to be loving, caring and helpful. So it’s important for parents to let children take up housework.‎ ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ 这是一篇概要写作。‎ ‎【详解】概要写作 写作步骤 ‎1）细读原文。首先要仔细阅读短文，掌握文章主旨。文章主要说明了如今的父母忽视了让孩子分担家务的重要性，但研究表明，家务可以帮助孩子在学习、心理健康甚至未来的职业生涯中发展得更好。此外，它使孩子成为负责任和自力更生。尽管如此，通过分担家务，孩子们成长为有爱心、有爱心和乐于助人的人。所以父母让孩子承担家务是很重要的。‎ ‎2）弄清结构，归纳段意。概要写作是写全文概要，不是写某一部分的概要，或者就某些问题写出要点。因此一定要弄清文章结构，归纳文章各段大意。‎ ‎3）列出原文要点。分析原文的内容和结构，将内容分项扼要表述并注意在结构上的顺序。在此基础上选出与文章主题密切相关的部分。‎ ‎4）在写作时要特别注意下面几点：‎ ‎（1）概要应包括原文中的主要事实，略去不必要的细节。‎ ‎（2）安排好篇幅的比例，概要应同原文保持协调，即用较多的文字写重要内容，用较少的文字写次要内容。‎ ‎（3）注意要点之间的衔接，要用适当的关联词语贯通全文，切忌只简单地写出一些互不相干的句子，但也不要每两句之间都加关联词语，以免显得生硬。‎ ‎（4）不排斥用原文的某些词句，但不要照搬原文的句子，如果不能完全用自己的话语表达，至少对原文句子做一些同义词替换，如果结构上也能有一些转换会更好。‎ ‎（5）计算词数，看是否符合规定的词数要求。‎ Translation Part One ‎ Translate the following phrases ‎52. 包办旅游 ‎53. 学生会主席 ‎54. 挑食particular ‎55. 随着时间的推移passage ‎56. 在我看来 view ‎57. 给委员会递交申请present ‎58. 把一半的工资储存起来以备不时之需put ‎59. 不可能question ‎60. 理解字里行间的意思 read ‎61. 自立 stand ‎62. 代我向你的父母问好remember ‎63. 使我国摆脱贫困 rid ‎64. 导致一系列的问题 rise ‎65. 为了安全起见 sake ‎66 权衡利弊 weigh ‎67. 掌握….线索track ‎68. 创造奇迹 ‎69. 为保持健康而每天锻炼 work ‎70. 一位不速之客 ‎71. 不辞辛劳做某事 trouble ‎【答案】52. package tour ‎ ‎53. Chairman of the Students’ Union ‎ ‎54. be particular about food/what sb eats ‎ ‎55. with the passage of time ‎ ‎56. from my point of view = in my view ‎ ‎57. present an application to the committee ‎ ‎58. put aside half of one’s salary for a rainy day ‎ ‎59. out of the question ‎ ‎60. read between the lines ‎ ‎61. stand on one’s own feet ‎ ‎62. remember me to your parents ‎ ‎63. rid our country of poverty ‎ ‎64. give rise to a series of problems ‎ ‎65. for the sake of safety= for safety’s sake ‎ ‎66. weigh the pros and cons= weigh the advantages and disadvantages ‎ ‎67. keep track of sth ‎ ‎68. do/perform/work/accomplish wonders/miracles ‎ ‎69. work out every day to keep fit ‎ ‎70. an unexpected guest ‎ ‎71. take trouble to do sth ‎【解析】‎ 考查短语翻译。‎ ‎【52题详解】‎ 该表达中，“旅游”是tour，package用来修饰tour。故翻译为package tour。‎ ‎【53题详解】‎ 中心词为“主席”，用chairman表达。后面接介词of表示所属关系。故翻译为Chairman of the Students’ Union。‎ ‎【54题详解】‎ be particular about表示“对……挑剔”。故翻译为be particular about food。‎ ‎【55题详解】‎ passage是名词，所以前面应该用介词with表示“随着”。故翻译为with the passage of time。‎ ‎【56题详解】‎ in one’s view或from one’s point of view 表示“在某人看来”，其中，view用单数形式。故翻译为from my point of view = in my view。‎ ‎【57题详解】‎ 表示“向……递交……”，用present sth. to sb.。注意用介词to。故翻译为present an application to the committee。‎ ‎【58题详解】‎ put sth. aside表示“把……存储起来”。故翻译为put aside half of one’s salary for a rainy day。‎ ‎【59题详解】‎ 表示“不可能”，用out of the question。注意不要遗留定冠词the。故翻译为out of the question。‎ ‎【60题详解】‎ ‎“字里行间”用between the lines表达，注意用介词between。故翻译为read between the lines。‎ ‎【61题详解】‎ ‎“自立”用stand on one’s feet表达。注意用介词on，foot用复数。故翻译为stand on one’s feet。‎ ‎【62题详解】‎ 表示“代……向……问好”，用remember sb. to sb.。故翻译为remember me to your parents。‎ ‎【63题详解】‎ 表示“使……摆脱……”，用rid sb. of sth.。“贫穷”用poverty表达。故翻译为rid our country of poverty。‎ ‎【64题详解】‎ ‎“导致”用give rise to表达。“一系列”用a series of表达，后面接名词复数。故翻译为give rise to a series of problems。‎ ‎【65题详解】‎ ‎“为了……起见”用“for the sake of”或“for one’s sake”表达。故翻译为for the sake of safety或for safety’s sake。‎ ‎【66题详解】‎ ‎“利弊”用“the pros and cons”或“the advantages and disadvantages”表达。故翻译为weigh the pros and cons或weigh the advantages and disadvantages。‎ ‎【67题详解】‎ ‎“掌握……的线索”用keep track of表达。故翻译为keep track of sth.。‎ ‎【68题详解】‎ ‎“奇迹”可用“wonder”或“miracle”表达。“创造奇迹”可用动词do/perform/work/accomplish。故翻译为“do/perform/work/accomplish wonders/miracles”。‎ ‎【69题详解】‎ ‎“锻炼”用work out 表达。“保持健康”用keep fit 表达。表目的，用动词不定式。故翻译为work out to keep fit。‎ ‎【70题详解】‎ ‎“不速之客”用“unexpected guest”表达。注意unexpected的发音中，开头为元音音素，前面用不定冠词an。故翻译为an unexpected guest。‎ ‎【71题详解】‎ ‎“不辞劳苦做某事”可翻译为“take trouble to do sth.”，注意：take trouble后面接动词不定式。故翻译为take trouble to do sth.。‎ Part Two ‎ Translate the following sentences ‎72. 学生在英语写作中词不达意的现象值得每位英语教师关注。(worth)‎ ‎73. 下周一整周都可以用肉眼观察到火星，这让很多天文(astronomy)爱好者欣喜若狂。(visible)‎ ‎74. 应当鼓励孩子从小接触音乐，音乐一直被认为是灵感的恒久源泉。source ‎75. 中日两国的共同利益远远大于分歧，对话与合作始终是两国关系的主流。（outweigh）‎ ‎【答案】72. The phenomenon that students can’t convey/express their ideas is worth paying attention to by every English teacher. ‎ ‎73. Mars will be visible to the naked eye all week next week, which makes many astronomy lovers wild with joy. ‎ ‎74. Kids should be encouraged to be exposed to/ expose themselves to music from an early age because music is regarded as an enduring source of inspiration. ‎ ‎75. The common interests between China and Japan far outweigh their differences, so dialogue and cooperation should remain the main stream of their relations.‎ ‎【解析】‎ 考查句子翻译。‎ ‎【72题详解】‎ 考查固定短语和名词性从句。固定短语be worth doing sth.“值得做某事”，pay attention to“对……的注意”，本句为同位语从句修饰先行词phenomenon。故翻译为The phenomenon that students can’t convey/express their ideas is worth paying attention to by every English teacher.。‎ ‎【73题详解】‎ 考查固定短语和定语从句。固定短语be visible to“……所看见的”，wild with joy“欣喜若狂”，本句为非限定性定语从句修饰主句，且主句为一般将来时，从句应用一般现在时。故翻译为Mars will be visible to the naked eye all week next week, which makes many astronomy lovers wild with joy.。‎ ‎【74题详解】‎ 考查固定短语和状语从句。固定短语be exposed to/expose oneself to“接触……”，an enduring source of inspiration“灵感的恒久源泉”，be regarded as“被视为……”，本句为原因状语从句，从句为一般现在时。故翻译为Kids should be encouraged to be exposed to/ expose themselves to music from an early age because music is regarded as an enduring source of inspiration.。‎ ‎【75题详解】‎ 考查固定短语。固定短语far outweigh“远远大于”，the main stream“主流”。本句应用一般现在时。故翻译为The common interests between China and Japan far outweigh their differences, so dialogue and cooperation should remain the main stream of their ‎ relations.。‎ ‎ ‎