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Unit 19 Language
一、语基必备知识
(一)重点词汇——分类记忆
Ⅰ.阅读词汇——知其意
1．punctuation n． 标点符号
2．nationwide adv. 全国性地
3．trend n. 趋势，倾向
4．theory n. 理论，学说
5．enlarge vt. 扩大
6．theft n. 偷窃
7．relative n. 亲戚，亲属
8．tight adj. 绷紧的
9．transparent adj. 清晰易辨的；透明的
10．outline vt. 勾出轮廓
11．certificate n. 证书；证明
12．diploma n. 毕业证书
13．candidate n. 候选人
14．amateur adj. 业余的
15．sincerely adv. 真诚地
16．purchase vt. 购买
Ⅱ.核心词汇——写其形
1．thankful adj. 为……感到高兴的；感谢的
2．fold v. 折叠；交叉
3．decade n. 十年
4．ensure vt. 确保，保证
5．attain vt. 达到；获得
6．accelerate vi.& vt. 加速
7．guarantee vt. 保证
8．resemble vt. 像；与……相似
9．target n. 目标
10．unconscious adj. 无意的；不知不觉的
11．merely adv. 只；仅仅
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12．competence n. 能力
13．register vt. 登记
14．punctual adj. 准时的，守时的
Ⅲ.拓展词汇——通其变
1．fluency n．流利度，流畅度→fluent adj.流利的，流畅的→fluently adv.流利地
2．accuracy n．精确度，准确度→accurate adj.精确的，准确的→accurately adv.精确地
3．absence n．缺乏；缺席→absent adj.缺席的，不在场的
4．surround vt.环绕，围绕→surrounding adj.周围的→surroundings n．环境
5．adequate adj.足够的，充分的→adequately adv.足够地；充分地
6．adjust vt.调节；调整→adjustable adj.可调整的→adjustment n．调节；调整
7．inform vt.告知，通知→information n．信息
8．announcement n．通告；宣告→announce v．通知；告知
9．congratulate vt.祝贺→congratulation n．祝贺，贺喜
10．negotiate vt.协商；谈判→negotiation n．谈判；协商
11．offence n．冒犯；得罪→offend v．冒犯
12．approval n．赞成；赞许；批准→approve vt.赞成→approving adj.同意的；赞成的
13．applicant n．申请人→apply v．申请→application n．申请
14．embarrass vt.使窘迫→embarrassing adj.令人难堪的，令人窘迫的→embarrassed adj.感到窘迫的→embarrassment n．窘迫，难堪
1.想要一份工作需要什么？
①certificate 证书；证明
②competence 能力
③diploma 毕业证书
④resume 简历
⑤application 申请书
⑥interview 面试
⑦punctual 准时的；守时的
2.前缀“en”/后缀“en”动词知多少
①enrich 使充实
②enable 使能够
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③enlarge 扩大
④ensure 确保，担保
⑤endanger 使……遭遇危险
⑥widen 加宽
⑦broaden 扩大
3.与“购物”相关的名词一览
①discount 折扣
②customer 顾客
③consumer 消费者
④purchase 购买
⑤bargain 便宜货
⑥cashier 出纳员
⑦refund 退款
(二)重点短语——记牢用活
1．team__up 合作
2．stand__out 出色；突出
3．get__ahead 取得成功；获得进步
4．rely__on 依靠；依赖
5．take__the__form__of 采取……形式
6．adjust...to... 调整……以适应……
7．inform__sb.of__sth. 通知某人某事
8．consist__of__ 由……组成，构成
9．catch__on 学会，受欢迎
10．for__ages 很久，很长时间
11．congratulate__sb.on__sth. 就某事向某人祝贺
12．on__purpose 故意地
13．regardless__of 不管；不顾
14．on__the__other__hand 另一方面
15．I__bet 我肯定
16．more__than 不仅仅，超过
1.“devote...to(介词)”朋友圈
①adapt...to... 使适应；使配合
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②adjust...to... 调节……以适应
③addict...to... 使……对……上瘾
④apply...to... 把……应用于……
⑤prefer...to... 喜欢……胜过……
2.“不管；不顾”词语一览
①in spite of 尽管；不管
②despite 尽管；不管
③regardless of 不管；不顾
④no matter 不管，无论
⑤leave alone 不管；不理
3.“偶然地”和“故意地”短语集锦
①by accident 偶然地
②by chance 偶然地
③by design 故意地
④on purpose 故意地
(三)重点句式——背熟巧用
句型公式
教材原句
句型1：It is predicted that...据预测……
It__was__predicted as early as the 1700s that English would one day be the global language and that has proved to be the case in the last few decades.
早在十八世纪的时候，人们就预测有一天英语会成为全球语言。在过去的几十年，事实证明确实如此。
句型2：whether...or...无论是……还是……，不管是……还是……
Quality input ensures quality output，whether it is speaking or writing.
无论是说还是写，高质量的输入确保高质量的输出。
句型3：while表示对比，意为“而，却”
Somebody jumping for joy is easy to see while a raised eyebrow conveying doubt is easier to miss. 欢呼雀跃的人很容易被看到，而挑起眉毛表示怀疑的(人)则更容易被忽略。
句型4：provided that引导条件状语从句，意为“如果，倘若”
Thirdly，you say that there is a discount provided__that I pay in advance.
第三，你们说如果我预付货款就有折扣。
二、语境强化训练
Ⅰ.语境填词——根据提示写出该词的适当形式
1．I think it may take some time before we can have an accurate(准确的) assessment
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of the damage.
2．A number of recent studies indicate that happiness is more easily attained(获得) after middle age.
3．(2017·江苏卷)This complete but brief historical collection is certain to entertain readers young and old, and guaranteed(保证) to present even the biggest history lover with something new!
4．We just naturally think that the future will resemble(与……相似) the past.
5．Don’t be so serious. I merely(仅仅) played a joke on you.
6．It is a beautiful city, surrounded(surround) by mountains and the Pacific Ocean.
7．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)Now all that was needed were the parents, but they were absent(absence). I gave the homeowner a recording of the hunger screams of owl chicks.
8．We all came up to the lucky boy to offer our congratulations(congratulate) to him.
9．The firm wants to avoid any embarrassing(embarrass) questions about its finance.
10．(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)It clearly showed that while likability can lead to healthy adjustment(adjust), high status has just the opposite effect on us.
Ⅱ.派生词练习——用所给词的适当形式填空
1．I’m not convinced about the accuracy of the weather report. That is, I think it is not accurate,__for it’s impossible to predict the weather accurately．(accurate)
2．She could speak fluent English.When we heard her speak English so fluently，we were amazed at her fluency in English.(fluent)
3．Tom had hoped to meet with the manager’s approval and from the manager’s approving nod, he knew that his plan was approved．(approve)
4．To our embarrassment,__all of us had no money to pay the bill.In that embarrassing situation，all of us were very embarrassed．(embarrass)
5．The children are good at adjusting．As for the chairs, they are adjustable and you can make some adjustments to them.(adjust)
Ⅲ.选词成篇
catch on; provided that; for ages; consist of; differ from; get ahead; keep
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in mind; keep sb. informed of
To 1.get__ahead in English, Li Hua has been working very hard to 2.catch__on her lessons 3.for__ages. Several days ago, she joined the English Corner 4.consisting__of twenty students.She 5.differs__from other students in some aspects. For example, she often 6.keeps__in__mind what she has learned and tries her best to 7.keep__herself__informed__of the latest learning methods 8.provided__that she has the opportunity.
on the one hand; stand out; adjust oneself to; on the other hand; congratulate sb. on; in the absence of
To 9.stand__out in his class and make progress, John worked very hard. And to achieve his goal, he 10.adjusted__himself quickly to the new surroundings, learning the latest news.
In addition, he attended English evening classes, but soon he was aware that it was hard to learn it well 11.in__the__absence__of the native language environment. So to ensure that he could achieve his goal, 12.on__the__one__hand,__he talked with his foreign teacher as much as possible at school, and 13.on__the__other__hand,__he listened to BBC news reports and watched English programmes.
At last, his hard work paid off and all of his friends 14.congratulated__him__on his progress.
Ⅳ.完成句子
1．预计随着战争的继续，会有更多人失业。
It__is__predicted__that more jobs will be lost with the war going on.
2．无论好坏，我已经决定接受这份工作邀请。
I have decided to take the job offer, whether__it__is__good__or__bad．
3．我去游泳，而其他的人都打网球去了。
I went swimming while the others played tennis.
4．只要情况允许，我们下周将举行会议。
Provided__that circumstances permit, we shall hold the meeting next week.
absence n．缺席，不在；缺乏，不存在
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①I shall be in charge in the absence of the manager.
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②During his absence from Guangzhou his coworkers did a lot of work.
③The accident resulted from his absence of mind during driving.
[能力提升]——一句多译
在我很长时间没有上学后，我的老师和同学们都帮助我补习功课。
④My teachers and classmates helped me with the lessons after my__long__absence__from__school．(absence)
⑤My teachers and classmates helped me with the lessons after I__had__been__absent__from__school__for__a__long__time．(absent)
(1)absence from school/work 缺课/缺勤
absence of mind 心不在焉的
in the absence of (人)不在，缺席；
(物)不存在，缺少
in one’s absence 在某人不在时，
在某人缺席时
(2)absent adj. 缺席的，不在的
be absent from 缺席；不在
[佳句背诵] It was his absence of mind during driving that nearly caused a serious accident. 就是他开车时的心不在焉才差点导致一起严重事故。
surround vt.围绕；环绕
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①a.(2019·江苏卷) Steve arrived and sat in the front row, surrounded(surround) by his family.
b．(2018·天津卷)Now we live in a world surrounded(surround) by the “can’t do” attitudes.
c．(福建卷)Surrounding(surround) yourself with people who’ll provide you with respect support can be very beneficial.
②a.(2018·天津卷) Why do the hikers take no notice of the surroundings(surround) during the journey?
b．Standing on the top of the mountain, we can have a good view of the surrounding(surround) hills.
[能力提升]——句式升级
③(普通表达)The tall building in the distance is home to my father’s company. The tall building is surrounded by a great many big trees.
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(高级表达)The tall building which__is__surrounded__by__a__great__many__big__trees__in__the__distance is home to my father’s company.(定语从句)
(1)surround sb./sth.with/by...
使某人/某物被……包围
(2)surrounding adj. 周围的
surroundings n. 环境 (通常用复数形式)
[佳句背诵] Seeing from the hill in the distance, you will find the city of Pingyao is still surrounded by the old city walls. 从远处的山上看，你会发现平遥市仍被古城墙围绕着。
[名师点津]
(1)surroundings专指自然环境；
(2)environment可指自然环境也可指精神环境，常用单数形式。
[词块助记]
some issues surrounding alcohol abuse
有关酗酒的一些问题
the surrounding scenery 四周的风景
guarantee vt.保证；担保 n．保证；保修；担保；抵押品
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①a.I guarantee to__pay(pay) off my debts on time, no matter what happens.
b．We should pay attention to small details, which can guarantee us to__succeed(succeed) in the end.
②The shop said they would replace the television as long as it was still under guarantee.
[能力提升]——一句多译
抓住这个机会吧，我保证你不会后悔的。
③Take this opportunity, and I guarantee__that__you__won’t__regret__it．(guarantee v．)
④Take this opportunity, and I give__you__a__guarantee__that__you__won’t__regret__it．(guarantee n．)
(1)guarantee sb. sth./guarantee sth.to sb.
向某人保证某事
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guarantee to do/that...
保证做……；确保……
(2)under guarantee 在保修期内
give sb. a guarantee (that)．..
向某人保证……
[佳句背诵] ①Not only is working hard a guarantee of success, but it is also among the essential requirements. 努力工作不仅是成功的保证，而且是成功必不可少的要求之一。
②The car is still under guarantee, so you should be able to get it repaired free of charge.
这辆汽车还在保修期内，所以你应该可以免费修理。
adjust v．调节，调整；校准；使适应
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①This kind of desk can be__adjusted(adjust) to the height you need. Besides, it’s not expensive at all.
②I was wondering whether she could adjust to living(live) in the mountainous village alone.
③(江苏卷)Some schools will have to make adjustments(adjust) in agreement with the national soccer reform.
[能力提升]——完成句子/句式升级
④(普通表达)Mike’s mother did almost everything for him when he was in high school, and that made__it__difficult__for__him__to__adjust__to(让他很难适应) the firstyear college life.
⑤(高级表达)Mike’s mother did almost everything for him when he was in high school, making__it__difficult__for__him__to__adjust__to__the__firstyear__college__life．(现在分词作状语)
(1)adjust...to... 调整……以适应……
adjust (oneself) to... (使自己)适应……
(2)adjustment n. 调整；调节
make an adjustment to 对……进行调整
[佳句背诵] I think that you will quickly adjust (yourself) to them though the weather and the food are different from yours.
虽然天气、食物与你那儿的有所不同，但我相信你会很快适应的。
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[名师点津] adjust to...和adjust...to...中的to都是介词，其后需接名词或动名词。
inform vt.告知；通知
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)Now，I am writing to inform you of some relevant details.
②The boss asked his secretary to keep him well informed(inform) of the programme’s progress.
③He threatened to__inform(inform) the government of his illegal activities.
[能力提升]——词汇升级
④(普通表达)I’m more than delighted to tell you the good news that a short English film will be shown this weekend in our school.(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)
(高级表达)I’m more than delighted to inform__you__of the good news that a short English film will be shown this weekend in our school.
(1)inform sb. of sth. 告诉/通知某人某事
inform sb. that/when/how...
通知某人……
keep sb. informed (of...)
使某人随时了解(……)
(2)information n. [U]通知；消息；情报；信息
[佳句背诵] I’m Li Hua, the captain of our school volleyball team.I am writing to inform you that our team is going to play in the National League.
我是李华，是我们学校排球队的队长。我写信是想通知你我们队要参加全国联赛。(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)
congratulate vt.祝贺；庆贺
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
① (2019·天津卷)I had hoped to send Peter a gift to__congratulate(congratulate) him on his marriage, but I couldn’t manage it.
②Congratulations(congratulate) to you on your qualification for this World Cup Football Championship!
[能力提升]——一句多译
我祝贺你在“汉语桥”汉语演讲比赛中获得一等奖。
③I would like to __express__my__congratulations__to__you__on your receiving the first prize of Chinese Bridge Chinese Speech Contest.(congratulation n．)
④I would like to congratulate__you__on__ your receiving the first prize of
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Chinese Bridge Chinese Speech Contest. (congratulate vt.)
(1)congratulate sb. on
祝贺某人某事/做某事
(2)congratulation n. 祝贺；恭喜
congratulations to sb. on sth.
祝贺某人某事
[佳句背诵] Congratulations on your making great progress in learning Chinese. 祝贺你在学习汉语方面取得了很大的进步。(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)
[名师点津] congratulation在用作名词时常常要用复数形式。
resemble vt.像；与……相似
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①She resembles her sister in appearance but not in character.
②The animals make a strange sound, resembling(resemble) the bark of a dog.
[能力提升]——一句多译
电影里发生的事和现实生活几乎没有相似之处。
③What happens in the film is__hardly__similar__to what actually happened.(similar)
④What happens in the film bears__little__resemblance__to what actually happened.(resemblance)
(1)resemble sb./sth.(in)... (在……方面)与某人/某物相似
(2)resemblance n. 相似
bear a resemblance to(＝be similar to...)
与……相似
[佳句背诵] From afar, the reed houses resemble the rice dumplings we have at Dragon Boat Festival.
芦苇屋远看像极了我们端午节吃的粽子。
get ahead 取得进步；获得成功；领先
[能力提升]——完成句子
①对我来讲，此时最重要的是在工作上获得成功。
Getting__ahead__at__work is the most important thing to me at the moment.
②现在我们必须忘掉所有不愉快的事并且展望未来。
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We have to forget all the sad things now and look__ahead．
③(全国卷Ⅲ)他虽然受了伤，但是没有被打垮，他仍然是超越我的。
Damaged but not defeated, he was still ahead__of__me．
get ahead of 超过；胜过
go ahead 前进；干吧；说吧
go ahead with 开始
look ahead 向前看
ahead of 在……之前；胜过，超过
[佳句背诵] He was talking about the way to get ahead in business.
他正在谈如何成功地拓展业务。
take the/a form of 以……的形式出现(存在)
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①I saw Mike last night—he was in good form，which made me relieved.
②In other words, help in the form of money will be very welcome.
③(广东卷)Another argument against television is that it replaces reading as a form of entertainment.
④You need to fill in/out a form if you want to apply for this position.
[能力提升]——完成句子
⑤(重庆卷)自从那时，我已养成了与朋友定期打篮球的习惯，这有助于我们变得更强大、 更自信。
Since then, I__have__formed__the__habit__of__playing__basketball with my friends regularly, which helps us to grow stronger and become more confident.
(1)form the habit of doing sth.＝get into/fall into the habit of doing sth.
养成做某事的习惯
(2)in the form of 以……的形式；
呈现……的形式
in form 竞技状态佳的
out of form 竞技状态不佳的
fill in/out a form 填表
[佳句背诵] Usually these favors take the form of an introduction, reference, feedback, or broadcast on social media.
通常情况下，
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这些人情的表现形式是相互介绍、做出担保、给予反馈或者在社交媒体上传播信息。
catch on 学会；受欢迎；流行起来；(与to连用)理解；被接受
[一词多义]——写出下列句中catch on的含义
①He invented a new game，but it never really caught on.流行起来
②He is very quick to catch on to things.理解
③I think this novel will catch on well after it comes out.受欢迎
④If only this idea could catch on，we should be able to make much money out of it.被接受
[基础练习]——单句语法填空/单句改错
⑤It is a nice song and I think it will catch on quickly.
⑥John ran too fast for me to catch up with him.
⑦The girl dressed in white was once caught steal from the supermarket. steal→stealing
⑧He was walking in the street when he caught the sight of a bird in the tree. 删除第二个the
catch hold of 抓住
catch up (with) 赶上
catch sb.doing sth. 撞见某人做某事
catch sight of 看见
[佳句背诵] ①Mothers catch on to what their children think about.
妈妈们最理解她们的孩子们在想什么。
②Keep an eye out for the beautiful, observe the unusual, and catch sight of the surprising.
留意周围不经意的美丽，观察那些不同寻常的事物，捕捉那令人惊艳的一瞥。
[名师点津] “v.＋on”的相关短语还有：agree on, carry on, come on, depend on, focus on等。
on the other hand 另一方面；反过来说
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①To improve your English, firstly, you should listen more；secondly(second), you should read more；last but not least, you should put what you have learned into use.
②They didn’t buy the car. For one thing, they didn’t like its color; for another,__it was too expensive.
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[能力提升]——完成句子
③(2018·浙江卷6月)一方面，我精通英语；另一方面我有陪伴外国朋友的经验。
On__the__one__hand,__I have a good command of spoken English；on__the__other__hand I have some experience in accompanying foreign friends.
④一方面，我对那部电影没有兴趣；另一方面，我没有时间。
For__one__thing,__I don’t have any interest in that movie; for__another,__I have no time.
表示列举的表达方式：
(1)on (the) one hand ...; on the other hand ...
一方面……；另一方面……
(2)for one thing ...; for another (thing) ...
首先/一则……；其次/二则……
(3)first(ly) ...; second(ly) ...
第一……；第二……
[名师点津] (1)on the one hand...; on the other hand... “一方面……；另一方面……”，常用来表述一个事物的两个方面，通常用于引出不同的，尤其对立的观点、思想等。
(2)for one thing...; for another (thing)．..“首先……；其次……”，所述两个方面的情况常常一致。
whether...or...无论是……还是……，不管是……还是……
(教材P6)Quality input ensures quality output，whether it is speaking or writing.
无论是说还是写，高质量的输入确保高质量的输出。
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①(山东卷)It doesn’t matter whether you pay by cash or credit card in this store.
②(2018·北京卷)When I started running in my 30s, I realized running was a battle against myself, not about competition or whether or not I was athletic.
[能力提升]——完成句子
③(牛津词典)不管成功与否，我们确实已尽了最大努力。
Whether__we__are__successful__or__not,__we can be sure that we did our best.(让步状语从句)
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④究竟此事对我们有害还是有利，还有待验证。
Whether__it__will__do__us__harm__or__good__remains to be seen.(主语从句)
(1)whether ...or ...“无论是……还是……， 不管是……还是……”， 引导让步状语从句。
(2)whether ...or ...也可引导名词性从句作主语或宾语。
(3)whether也可和or not 连用。
[佳句背诵] Your son may not be the best basketball player on his team. But if he’s out there every day and playing hard, you should praise his effort regardless of whether his team wins or loses.
你儿子可能不是他队里最好的篮球运动员。但是如果他每天都在那里努力训练，不管他的球队是赢还是输，你都应该对他的努力提出表扬。(2019·浙江卷6月)
provided that引导条件状语从句，意为“如果，倘若”
(教材P12)Thirdly, you say that there is a discount provided that I pay in advance. 第三，你们说如果我预付货款就有折扣。
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①I’ll agree to go to that famous city provided(provide) that my expenses are paid.
②Given(give) that flights are fully booked on that day—which other day could we go?
[能力提升]——一句多译
只要你把作业做完，你就可以出去玩。
③You can go out to play as__long__as__you__finish__your__homework．(as long as)
④You can go out to play on__condition__that__you__finish__your__homework．(on condition that)
⑤You can go out to play provided__that__you__finish__your__homework．(provided that)
此句中的provided that为连词，表示“如果，倘若”，引导条件状语从句，that可以省去，也可用providing替换provided。与之同义的结构还有suppose/supposing that/given that/assuming that/as long as/on condition that等。
[佳句背诵] ①Provided that there is no objection, we will begin the next item.
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如果没有异议，我们将开始下一个项目。
②Providing that he can win the support of most of his classmates, he will be elected monitor.
如果他能赢得大多数同学的支持，他就会被选为班长。
维度一 在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式
1．(2018·天津卷)It took him a long time to acquire(acquisition) the skills he needed to become a good dancer.
2．He tried to run away but gave up when he found himself surrounded(surround)．
3．My horse turned to the left to avoid the little rabbit as I held on tightly(tight) and tried not to fall.
4．It is impossible to say with any accuracy(accurate) how many are affected.
5．With the levels of carbon dioxide in the air increasing rapidly, the global(globe) temperature continues going up.
维度二 在空白处填入1个适当的单词
1．It is reported that a mine accident happened in a town in Shanxi Province.
2．The boss asked us to keep him informed of what’s going on in the company.
3．We have been training our students to adjust themselves to the life here.
4．Provided/Providing that they refuse our plan，who else can you turn to for help?
5．You may even catch sight of a polar bear on the ice.
维度三 语境品词(写出加黑词汇在语境中的意义)
1．We offered our sincere congratulations to her when she finally graduated from college.祝贺
2．Surrounded by the sea on three sides, modern Qingdao is considered one of the most livable cities in China.包围；环绕
3．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)On March 19, Dennis got a group text informing him that a couple he didn’t know were at the hospital, waiting for the arrival of a baby.
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告知；通知
4．Only when one is in good health can he guarantee efficient learning. 保证
5．As an old saying goes, “Happiness is not the absence of problems, but the ability to deal with them.”不存在
提能一 语段填空(短文中黑体部分为本单元核心知识点，请补全短文，并背诵体会黑体部分用法)
As a candidate, David worked very hard to attain his target. On the one hand, he adjusted 1.himself(him) to the new surroundings. On the other hand, he kept himself 2.informed(inform) of the latest news. Besides, 3.to__ensure(ensure) adequate chances to speak, he registered for classes online, 4.because he was aware that it was hard to learn English well 5.in the absence of native speakers. 6.What surprised all was that he not merely attended classes 7.punctually(punctual) and read books adapted for beginners, but he also 8.enlarged(enlarge) his vocabulary through different 9.media(medium). At last, his hard work 10.paid(pay) off and all of his friends congratulated him on his progress.
提能二 话题写作(用本单元词汇、句式和语法知识写满分作文)
1．补全要点句(黑体部分请用本单元所学词汇)
①在当今社会，说流利的英语对我们非常重要。
It is very important for us to speak__fluent__English in today’s world.
②要掌握一门外语，我认为扩大词汇量是必不可少的。
To acquire a good knowledge of a foreign language, I think it__is__essential__to__enlarge__our__vocabulary．
③我们应该尽量置身于母语是英语的人的包围之中。
We should try__to__be__surrounded__by__those__native__speakers．
④我们不能太依赖母语。
We shouldn’t rely__on__our__mother__tongue__too__much．
⑤只要我们坚持努力练习，迟早我们会脱颖而出的。
If we keep practicing English, we will stand__out__sooner__or__later．
2．升级平淡句
⑥用“be of＋名词”升级句①
It__is__of__great__importance__for__us__to__speak__fluent__English__in__today’s__world.
⑦用as long as引导条件状语从句升级句⑤
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As__long__as__we__keep__practicing__English,__we__will__stand__out__sooner__or__later.
3．衔接成美文(注意使用适当的过渡衔接词汇：first of all, secondly, lastly)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
One possible version：
It is of great importance for us to speak fluent English in today’s world. To acquire a good knowledge of a foreign language, I think, first of all, it is essential to enlarge our vocabulary. Secondly, we should try to be surrounded by those native speakers. Lastly, we shouldn’t rely on our mother tongue too much. As long as we keep practicing English, we will stand out sooner or later.
课时练1 2篇阅读＋1篇七选五＋1篇完形
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2020·北京房山区高三模拟)Gabriella’s family immigrated to the US from Peru when she was two years old. As a compound bilingual(熟谙两种语言的人), Gabriella develops two linguistic codes at the same time, with a set of concepts, learning both English and Spanish. Her teenage brother, on the other hand, might be a coordinate bilingual, working with two sets of concepts, learning English in school, Spanish at home. Finally, Gabriella’s parents are likely to be subordinate bilinguals who learned a second language by translating it into their mother tongue.
Regardless of accent and pronunciation, all types of bilingual people can become fully proficient in a language. It seems that the difference may not be apparent. But recently brain imaging technology has given a glimpse into how specific aspects of language learning affect the bilingual brain. It’s well known that the brain’s left hemisphere(半球) is in charge of logical processes, while the right hemisphere is more active in emotional and social ones. Language involves both types of
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functions. Critical period hypothesis says children learn languages more easily because their developing brains let them use both hemispheres in language learning, while in most adults, language relies on one hemisphere, usually the left.
Before the 1960s, bilingualism was considered a handicap that slowed the children’s development by forcing them to spend too much energy distinguishing between languages. But a recent study did show that bilingualism may make you smarter. It does make your brain more complex, healthier, and more actively engaged, and even if you didn’t have the good fortune of learning a second language like a child, it’s never too late to do yourself a favor and make the linguistic leap from “Hello” to “Hola” “Bonjour” or “nihao” because when it comes to our brains, a little exercise can go a long way.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。研究发现，双语学习能使大脑更加聪明、更加健康、更活跃；学习外语永远不迟。
1．Why is Gabriella’s family used as the example in Paragraph 1?
A．To show that the family are bilinguals.
B．To explain the advantages of bilinguals.
C．To illustrate the three types of bilinguals.
D．To prove all ages can learn foreign languages.
C 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段的内容可知，Gabriella家中有三种不同的双语学习类型的人，据此可知，第一段以Gabriella的家庭为例是为了说明三种不同双语学习类型的人，故C项正确。
2．Why do the children learn languages more easily than adults?
A．Because they learn languages with a set of concepts.
B．Because they use both hemispheres to learn languages.
C．Because their mother tongue doesn’t influence them much.
D．Because they can easily translate one language into another.
B 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段尾句中的“children learn languages more easily because their developing brains let them use both hemispheres in language learning, while in most adults, language relies on one hemisphere, usually the left”可知，儿童学习语言更容易是因为他们发育中的大脑让他们在语言学习中使用两个大脑半球，而在大多数成年人中，学习语言依赖于一个大脑半球，通常是左半球，故B项正确。
3．Which of the following best explains the underlined word “handicap” in Paragraph 3?
A．Disease. B．Disability.
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C．Disadvantage. D．Illness.
C 解析：词义猜测题。根据第三段第一句“Before the 1960s, bilingualism was considered a handicap that slowed the children’s development by forcing them to spend too much energy distinguishing between languages.”尤其是该句中的“slowed”和“forcing them to spend too much energy distinguishing between languages”并结合语境可推知，画线词与C项“不利因素，障碍”意思相近，故C项正确。
4．What can we infer from the text?
A．The left brain is more important for language learning.
B．Learning languages can promote the brain development.
C．The proficiency of language becomes weak gradually with age.
D．Immigrants have advantages in learning languages over natives.
B 解析：推理判断题。根据第三段第二、三句中的“But a recent study did show that bilingualism may make you smarter. It does make your brain more complex, healthier, and more actively engaged”可知，最近的一项研究确实表明，双语可能会让你更聪明。它确实会让你的大脑更复杂、更健康、更活跃；据此可推知，学习语言会促进大脑的发展，故B项正确。
B
(2020·郑州高三第二次质量预测)Thomas Cheatham had planned to study Latin during his time at Hebron High School in Texas. But when he learned that the school district was going to offer a Mandarin(普通话) class, he quickly changed his mind.
“I thought Mandarin would be more beneficial than Latin，” said Cheatham, who is now in his second year of studying the language.
He speaks Mandarin to order food at Chinese restaurants and can read social media posts from his Chinesespeaking friends. While it’s a difficult language to master, the high school junior, who plans to study computer engineering, thinks it will be important for his career. “Chinese is a good language to know, especially with China becoming a growing power，” he said.
Many experts agree that proficiency(熟练) in a language spoken by a billion people worldwide will give American students an edge in the global economy.
“People are looking at China as our next economic competitor, and interest in Mandarin is growing fast，” said Marty Abbott, director of the American Council on the Teaching of Foreign Languages. “We’re seeing it in all parts of the country.”
Abbott predicts that as many as 100，000 students are now studying Mandarin in
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public and private schools throughout the US. She said the US government has designated(指定) Mandarin as an “important need” language and provides professional development programs for teachers. “Our government wants to increase our language ability for economic competitiveness，” Abbott added.
At the same time, the Chinese government is spreading knowledge of the Chinese language and culture through Confucius Institutes set up in many US states. For example, the Confucius Institute at the University of Texas at Dallas has been the home of a Confucius Institute for 10 years. It sponsors Confucius Classrooms at 21 local public and private schools, where tens of thousands of students are learning Mandarin.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文，主要讲了普通话在美国学生中日益流行。
5．Why did Thomas Cheatham decide to study Mandarin instead of Latin?
A．Mandarin was easier to learn than Latin.
B．Mandarin could be helpful to his future career.
C．Mandarin might help him learn more about China.
D．Mandarin could enable him to study computer engineering.
B 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段第二句“While it’s a difficult language to master, the high school junior, who plans to study computer engineering, thinks it will be important for his career.”可知，Thomas Cheatham认为学习普通话对他的未来职业有帮助，所以才决定学习普通话。
6．The underlined word “edge” in Paragraph 4 probably means “________”．
A．a slight advantage B．the outside limit
C．a sharp tone of voice D．an exciting quality
A 解析：词义猜测题。根据语境尤其是第三段最后一句中的“Chinese is a good language to know, especially with China becoming a growing power”和第四段第一句中的“a language spoken by a billion people”可知，随着中国的发展，学习普通话大有裨益，由此可推知，学习普通话让美国学生在全球经济中有一定的优势，这与文章第五段的内容呼应。故画线词意为“优势”，与A项含义相近。
7．Which of the following statements might Marty Abbott agree with?
A．Mandarin should be taught in classrooms throughout the US.
B．Those skilled at Chinese will be the most competitive in the future.
C．The US government’s policy has helped popularize Mandarin in the US.
D．Americans learn Mandarin because they worry about their economic security.
C 解析：推理判断题。根据语境尤其是对第六段的整体理解可推知，在Marty
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Abbott看来，美国政府的政策有助于普通话在美国的推广。
8．What does the author mainly talk about in this passage?
A．The rising popularity of Mandarin among American students.
B．The great benefits of learning Mandarin for American students.
C．The influence of China’s growing power on American education.
D．The effect of Confucius Institutes in promoting Mandarin in the US.
A 解析：主旨大意题。根据对全文的整体理解可推知，本文主要讲述的是普通话在美国学生中日益流行的现象，这与最后一段的进一步论述呼应。故选A。
Ⅱ.七选五
(2020·郑州一中摸底测试) Teenagers are especially likely to suffer loneliness. Here are some suggestions for speeding a recovery from loneliness.
Reach out to others, but start small. A smile and a friendly greeting for the student behind you in line at the cafeteria won’t make you best friends. 1.________ It also can make it easier to interact the next time.
Find a safe place to make connections. If going to the school dance makes you feel like you just don’t belong, try joining a special interest group. Maybe it’s the drama club or the marching band. 2.________
Find other ways of making connections. Lonely people hunger for acceptance and friendship. Sometimes feeling accepted and liked comes more easily when you do something for others. 3.________ Teach a child reading. Take notes for a disabled classmate. You might be surprised at the connections you make after reaching out to others in these ways.
4．________ Loneliness is an absence of quality friendships, not of a particular quantity of friends. That’s why it’s important to know how to select a friend. The best friendships are those based on similar values and attitudes.
You get what you expect, so expect the best. If you expect others to be friendly, you will behave in similar ways.
5．________ It goes away as teens learn how to find their way through their social world and connect with others.
A．But it will make you both feel pretty good.
B．So consider becoming a volunteer.
C．Some teens aren’t so adaptable, however.
D．Encourage people to be friendlier to you.
E．Choose the right people.
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F．For most young people, loneliness is only temporary.
G．Look for a group that allows you to ease gradually.
【解题导语】 本文主要介绍了应对孤独的一些建议。
1．A 解析：根据语境可知，空前一句和空后的“It also can make it easier to interact the next time.”存在逻辑上的转折关系，所以A项“但是它将使你们都感到很好”符合语境。
2．G 解析：根据上文“Find a safe place to make connections. If going to the school dance makes you feel like you just don’t belong, try joining a special interest group.”可推知，作者建议找一个让自己觉得舒服的团体，所以选G项。
3．B 解析：根据上文“Sometimes feeling accepted and liked comes more easily when you do something for others.”可知，帮助他人会让孤独者更易被接纳和喜欢。故B项“因此考虑做一名志愿者”衔接下文“Teach a child reading. Take notes for a disabled classmate.”。
4．E 解析：根据下文“Loneliness is an absence of quality friendships, not of a particular quantity of friends. That’s why it’s important to know how to select a friend.”可推知，选对朋友对孤独者尤其重要，他们缺的不是特定数量的朋友，而是高质量的友谊，所以选E项。
5．F 解析：由空后的“It goes away as teens learn how to find their way through their social world and connect with others.”可推知，青少年的孤独是暂时的，随着他们学会如何通过社会阅历找到自己的道路和与他人建立关系，孤独就会不复存在，所以选F项。
Ⅲ.完形填空
(2020·信阳高三调研)In a clean, clinical room, my best friend was dying in my arms. His eyes, dark brown and trusting, would soon __1__ forever. Heartbroken, I said, “Flash, you __2__ so much happiness to me. I will do something good as a __3__．”
Flash came into my __4__ when I was nine. From the moment my parents brought this cute dog home, he __5__ my family with joy.
Then, __6__ happened. My mum was diagnosed with breast cancer when I was 11. Then my grandma, who was my __7__， passed away. My sister developed Crohn’s disease and while being tested, __8__ a heart attack. I was being bullied at school and started to __9__ classes and avoid seeing people.
Flash soon gave me all the __10__ he could offer. There were times when I felt there was no __11__， but a pair of brown eyes and loving face would somehow ease me. I knew he was __12__ there for me. I knew he understood.
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Now after 15 years, Flash was __13__. I thought doing charity work was the best reward for him. I __14__ in a nonprofit organization in Southampton and contributed about 3，500 hours to __15__ children with special needs, which completely changed my life. I learned to love the __16__ I had been on, and even accept the __17__ bits.
I still miss Flash. It was him that had somehow __18__ me to help others. Flash’s death was one of the __19__ moments of my life. But it was also an inspiring moment that __20__ who I was—in the best possible way—forever.
【解题导语】 陪伴“我”多年的狗去世了，“我”悲痛欲绝，因为它曾经在“我”人生最艰难的时期陪伴“我”；狗离开“我”之后，“我”开始思考如何回报它的陪伴；于是，“我”加入了志愿者服务行列。
1．A.open B．close
C．shine D．fade
B 解析：根据本段第一句中的“my best friend was dying”可知，狗就要去世了，它的眼睛即将永远闭上。故选B。
2．A.brought B．told
C．saved D．owed
A 解析：根据第二段的内容可知，“我”九岁时，Flash走进“我”的生活，陪伴“我”；由此可知，此处表示它曾经给“我”带来了那么多的快乐。故选A。
3．A.relief B．chance
C．bonus D．reward
D 解析：根据第五段中的“I thought doing charity work was the best reward for him.”可知，为了报答Flash的陪伴，“我”将尽自己的能力做一些事情回报它。故选D。
4．A.mind B．room
C．world D．power
C 解析：根据下文中的“my parents brought this cute dog home”可知，在“我”九岁时，Flash进入“我”的世界。故选C。
5．A.helped B．filled
C．protected D．decorated
B 解析：根据语境可知，Flash让“我”的家充满欢乐。故选B。
6．A.disasters B．stories
C．wonders D．mistakes
A 解析：根据下文可知，母亲患了癌症，祖母去世了，妹妹也生病了，并且“我”在学校受到同学的欺负。由此可知，“我”的家庭经历了一系列不幸的事情，故选A。
7．A.burden B．trouble
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C．strength D．challenge
C 解析：根据语境并结合选项可知，祖母当时是“我”的力量源泉。故选C。
8．A.caused B．noticed
C．fought D．suffered
D 解析：根据该句中的“while being tested”和“a heart attack”可推知，妹妹当时在检查的过程中，遭受了心脏病的折磨。故选D。
9．A.skip B．give
C．take D．enjoy
A 解析：根据该句中的“being bullied at school”和“avoid seeing people”可知，“我”当时在学校受到欺负，并且开始避开人群。由此可推知，“我”当时开始逃课。故选A。
10．A.comment B．comfort
C．expectation D．relaxation
B 解析：根据该段中的“ease me”和“I knew he understood.”可知，Flash给了“我”极大的安慰。故选B。
11．A.hope B．time
C．money D．use
A 解析：根据第三段的内容可知，“我”曾经遇到了一系列的不幸，“我”时常感到生活没有了希望，但是Flash棕色的眼睛、可爱的脸庞总是能让“我”感到宽慰。故选A。
12．A.frequently B．sometimes
C．hardly D．always
D 解析：根据上文可知，Flash总是能够在“我”最困难的时候，一直陪伴“我”。故选D。
13．A.aging B．gone
C．missing D．deserted
B 解析：根据本文第一句并结合该句可知，现在，15年后，Flash去世了。故选B。
14．A.searched B．competed
C．volunteered D．performed
C 解析：根据下文中的“a nonprofit organization”和“contributed about 3，500 hours”可知，“我”自愿在一家非营利机构工作。故选C。
15．A.attending to B．meeting with
C．talking about D．bringing up
A 解析：根据下文中的“children with special needs”可知，“我”贡献了大约3 500个小时来照看有特殊需要的孩子。故选A。A项意为“照料”。
16．A.earth B．journey
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C．holiday D．street
B 解析：根据上文中的“which completely changed my life”可知，通过志愿者服务，“我”的生活完全变了，“我”开始喜欢自己过去所经历的旅程，甚至接受了最难接受的那些事情。故选B。
17．A.fantastic B．absurd
C．hard D．pleasant
C 解析：参见上题解析。
18．A.led B．forced
C．trained D．persuaded
A 解析：根据空前一句“I still miss Flash.”及下文中的“an inspiring moment”可知，Flash引导“我”去帮助他人。故选A。
19．A.fullest B．craziest
C．tiniest D．saddest
D 解析：根据第一段中的“Heartbroken”可知，Flash的去世是“我”人生中最难过的时刻之一。故选D。
20．A.explained B．transformed
C．admitted D．described
B 解析：根据第五段中的“which completely changed my life”并结合本段内容可知，Flash的去世也是让“我”发生改变的时刻。故选B。
课时练2 2篇阅读＋1篇七选五＋
1篇语法填空
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2020·合肥重点高中摸底)Most dog owners are convinced that their fourlegged friends know exactly what they mean when they use certain words like “sit”， “stay” or “treat”. However, researchers have always wondered whether dogs really understand human speech or if they rely on other information to get the meaning. For example, does the word “fetch” form a picture of a stick or ball in the dog’s mind, or does the dog bring back the object based on the owner’s voice or gesture? A new study by scientists at Atlanta’s Emory University seems to indicate that “man’s best friend” does indeed know what the owner is saying.
The researchers began by asking the owners of twelve dogs of various kinds to train their pets to identify two toys of different materials, such as a toy animal
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and a ball. Once the dogs had mastered the task, they took turns inside a special scanner. The owners then tested their dog’s language skill by first calling out the names of the toys they had been trained to recognize and then saying meaningless words such as “bobbu” and “bodmick” while holding up random objects the dogs hadn’t seen before.
The scans suggested that the parts of the dogs’ brains responsible for processing sounds showed different brain patterns when they heard words they were familiar with, compared with the ones they had never heard before. While that was not enough to prove that the dogs were picturing their toys when they heard the word, it did indicate some sort of recognition. The researchers believe this is an important step in understanding how dogs process language.
Something even more interesting was that the dog’s brains showed a higher level of neural (神经的) activity at the sound of unknown words. This is the exact opposite of what happens in human brains, which get more active at the sound of familiar words. The researchers say the dogs may become cheerful at the sound of new words to try to understand them in the hope of delighting their masters. “Dogs want to please their owners, and perhaps also want to receive praise or food，” says Emory neuroscientist Gregory Berns, senior author of the study.
However, though a pet may understand human speech, the scientists recommend using visual signals and smell for training. “When people want to teach their dog a trick, they often use spoken commands because that’s what we humans prefer，” Prichard says. “From the dog’s view, however, a visual command might be more effective, helping the dog learn the trick faster.”
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。一项新的研究表明，狗的确能理解主人说的话。
1．What’s the purpose of the new study?
A．To convince dog owners to understand their dogs.
B．To advise dog owners to treat their dogs kindly.
C．To prove dogs follow owners’ order by listening.
D．To test out how dogs get information from owners.
D 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段尾句“A new study by scientists at Atlanta’s Emory University seems to indicate that ‘man’s best friend’ does indeed know what the owner is saying.”可知，亚特兰大的埃默里大学的科学家进行的一项新研究似乎表明， “人类最好的朋友”确实知道主人在说什么，并结合全文可知，该研究的目的是测试狗是如何理解主人的话的，故D项正确。
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2．What does the author intend to do in Paragraph 2?
A．Inform the result of the research.
B．State the process of the research.
C．Stress the importance of the research.
D．Introduce the subjects of the research.
B 解析：写作意图题。根据第二段第一句“The researchers began by asking the owners of twelve dogs of various kinds to train their pets to identify two toys of different materials, such as a toy animal and a ball.”并结合该段内容可知，该段主要介绍了进行研究的过程，包括让不同品种的狗识别不同材料的两个玩具等，据此可知，该段旨在介绍研究过程，故B项正确。
3．How do human brains and dog brains react to words?
A．Human brains become active in unfamiliar words.
B．Dog brains become delighted at unfamiliar words.
C．Human brains are not sensitive to familiar words.
D．Dog brains show no response to familiar words.
B 解析：细节理解题。根据第四段前两句“Something even more interesting...This is the exact opposite of what happens in human brains, which get more active at the sound of familiar words.”可知，对于不熟悉的单词，狗的大脑呈现出高水平的神经活动，而人类的大脑相反，故B项正确。
4．What do scientists advise the owners to do in dog training?
A．Give dogs oral commands.
B．Teach dogs new tricks.
C．Involve sight and smell.
D．Encourage faster learning.
C 解析：细节理解题。根据尾段第一句“However, though a pet may understand human speech, the scientists recommend using visual signals and smell for training.”可知，尽管狗可能理解人类的语言，但科学家们建议使用视觉信号和嗅觉来训练它们，故C项正确。
B
(2020·广东清远高三调研)Brits(英国人) are extremely bad at languages, with many of us relying on the fact that the rest of the world speak English. Only half(51%) are able to speak a second language to any standard and as more people travel abroad, this is becoming an increasing regret, according to a new study.
Almost twothirds(62%) of UK adults wish they were better at speaking languages.
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So they can better understand a city’s culture(38% of respondents), talk with locals(24%) and go beyond the guide book(21%)．
Overcoming language barriers can be one of the most difficult parts of a holiday, particularly when in unfamiliar surroundings. So stressful in the fact that 10% of respondents said they didn’t travel because of the problem.
The survey by Hostelworld showed that one in five blamed getting lost on the language barrier, while a similar number had problems ordering food and one in ten got on the wrong train, plane or other form of transportation.
If languages weren’t an issue then one in eight(12%) Brits would visit Japan. China, Italy and Russia were also popular choices. Despite the communication problem, Japan has seen a 7.5% increase in the number of British visitors between January and April, compared to this time last year.
“The number of British travelers to Japan has been growing year on year，” according to Hollie Mantle, marketing and communication manager for the Japanese Tourist Board. “People are realizing that Japan is one of the most hospitable and beautiful countries on earth, with so many new experiences for travelers to try, not to mention worldclass cuisine！”
They had this message for Brits thinking about visiting：“Though some travelers worry about language barriers, as soon as you arrive in Japan, you’ll realize that people will go out of their way to help you enjoy their country. There really are few ‘barriers’—road signs and train stations are in English, you’ll find that people speak more English than they let on, and even when they don’t, they will go above and beyond to help you out.”
【解题导语】 本文主要介绍了语言障碍成为英国人出国旅游的一大顾虑。
5．What do we know from the first two paragraphs?
A．Brits are poor at languages.
B．Brits regret what they have done.
C．Brits like relying on others.
D．Brits are good at languages.
A 解析：推理判断题。根据第一段第一句“Brits(英国人) are extremely bad at languages, with many of us relying on the fact that the rest of the world speak English.”点题，并结合对前两段的整体理解可推知，英国人的语言能力比较差，故选A。
6．How many Brits can’t order food correctly because of language barriers?
A．About 10%. B．About 12%.
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C．About 20%. D．About 21%.
C 解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的“The survey by Hostelworld showed that one in five blamed getting lost on the language barrier, while a similar number had problems ordering food”可知，1/5即20%的英国人因为语言障碍不能正确点餐，故选C。
7．How is the text mainly developed?
A．By analyzing causes. B．By giving examples.
C．By making description. D．By listing data.
D 解析：写作手法题。根据对文章的整体理解可知，本文列举了大量的数据来论证作者的观点，由此可推知，本文是通过列出数据来展开的，故选D。
Ⅱ.七选五
(2020·合肥第二次质检)What’s the purpose of building patience abilities? In a word, happiness. Better relationships, more success. But indeed it takes efforts to build them successfully. 1.________ Thus, when the big ones come, we will have developed the patience we need for hard times.
Understand the addictive nature of anger and impatience. We, human beings, are still constructed with our old reptilian(爬行动物的) brain that protects our physical and emotional survival. On the emotional survival side, we want our way to get ahead, to achieve, and to “look good”. Let’s just face it. 2.________ So the first step in growing patience is to get in touch with the addictive quality of the opposite of patience—anger, impatience, blame and shame. We all have them. And we can grow beyond them.
Upgrade our attitude towards discomfort and pain. Pain has its purposes and pushes us to find solutions—we try to change the other person, situation or thing that we think is causing our discomfort. But the problem is that it is not the outside thing that’s the source of our pain, but how our mind is set. 3.________
Pay attention when the impatience or pain starts. Most of us don’t really realize it when we are feeling even the smallest—but very present—painful feelings. 4.________ But to really care for ourselves, get curious about what’s actually happening in the moment inside you. Focusing on what’s actually happening, you can notice the worry of not wanting what’s happening, the resistance.
5．________ When you find yourself impatient, or angry with yourself, you can remind yourself that you are growing, and that, “Sure, this is understandable; this is what happens to me when I’m bothered.” You can say to yourself, “It’s true. I don’t like this; this is uncomfortable, but I can tolerate it.”
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A．Practice positive selftalk.
B．So the solution to pain is an inside job.
C．Patience abilities benefit you in many ways.
D．Learn to forgive yourself for being impatient in hard times.
E．We ignore the fact that we’re in pain and focus completely on fixing the problem.
F．The urge to protect ourselves and what we consider valuable is absolutely habitforming.
G．Effective ways are recommended to train ourselves to work with little pain and annoyance.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了培养耐心的几个有效的方法。
1．G 解析：根据空后一句“Thus, when the big ones come, we will... hard times.”可知，成功地培养耐心需要花费精力，因而推荐一些有效的方法用来训练我们应对痛苦及烦恼的能力，因此当更大的麻烦来临时，我们将已经有耐心应对困难的时刻。故G项符合语境。
2．F 解析：根据空后的“So the first step... blame and shame.”可推知，保护我们自己和我们认为有价值的东西的冲动绝对是由习惯养成的，因此要做的第一步就是了解负面情绪根深蒂固的本性。故选F。
3．B 解析：根据空前一句“But the problem is that it is not the outside thing that’s the source of our pain, but how our mind is set.”可知，问题不是出现在引起痛苦的外在因素上，而是出现在我们的思考方式上，因此解决痛苦是一种内在的活动。故选B。
4．E 解析：根据空前一句“Most of us don’t really realize it... painful feelings.”及空后的“get curious about what’s actually happening in the moment inside you”可知，我们经常忽略了这样一个事实，即我们处于痛苦之中，而我们关注的焦点总是全部集中在解决问题上。
5．A 解析：根据文章结构和空处所在位置可知，空处为段落主题句；通读本段可知，本段主要是说要积极地自我对话，故A项符合语境。
Ⅲ.语法填空
(2020·长春质量监测一)It used to be common to see US teenagers busy at fastfood restaurants cooking burgers and 1.____________(clean) tables, especially during the summer vacation. 2.____________， the scene is becoming less common.
Instead of finding summer jobs, many US teenagers are spending 3.____________(they) free time taking classes. According to The Atlantic, this
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change partly results 4.____________the low teen earnings paying little toward the costs of college. For many students who are going to attend college, the money from summer jobs doesn’t live up to their 5.____________(expect) at all. Meanwhile, US teenagers’ increasing interest in education 6.____________(account) for this as well. They go to summer school to learn 7.____________they might not have time for after they leave school, which 8.____________(consider) as a wise choice.
Despite this, a summer job is still believed to benefit teenagers. Early work experience is 9.____________human activity that develops people’s social skills. When kids are working, they gradually gain 10.____________(practice) knowledge and understanding of the labor market.
【解题导语】 这是一篇说明文，主要介绍了美国青少年暑期生活的变化。
1．cleaning 解析：考查非谓语动词。根据空前的并列连词and可知，空处与前面的cooking并列作be busy(in) doing sth.结构的宾语。
2．However 解析：考查副词。由上文中的“It used to be common”以及空后的“the scene is becoming less common”可知，此处前后句构成转折关系，故用However。
3．their 解析：考查代词。根据语境可知，空处修饰名词free time，故应用they的形容词性物主代词their在句中作定语，表示“他们的”。
4．from 解析：考查固定搭配。这种变化部分是由青少年得到的薪水很低而难以支付大学的费用造成的。result from “(由……而)造成”为固定搭配。
5．expectations 解析：考查词性转换和名词的单复数。根据语境及空前的“their”可知，空处应用expect的名词复数形式，表示“他们的那些期望”。
6．accounts 解析：考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据语境可知，文章介绍的是一般情况，且主语是US teenagers’ increasing interest，因此谓语动词用一般现在时的第三人称单数形式accounts。
7．what 解析：考查连接词。分析句子结构可知，空处引导宾语从句，作动词learn的宾语，指物，因此填what。
8．is considered 解析：考查动词的时态和语态。根据语境可知，文章介绍的是一般情况，应用一般现在时，此处表示“这被认为是一个明智的选择”，应用被动语态，故用一般现在时的被动语态。
9．a 解析：考查冠词。根据空前的“is”和空后的“human activity”可知，此处表示泛指“一项人类活动”，且human的发音以辅音音素开头，故用不定冠词a。
10．practical 解析：考查形容词。修饰名词应用形容词，故用practical “实用的”。
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