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- 2023-11-26 发布
2018届二轮复习 短文改错 满分方略
[解题技巧]
1.改前通读全文,了解大意,整体把握全文的时态、人称、行文逻辑等。
这一步至关重要,切忌拿来就改。
2.读完后分句细读,以句子为单位找错,尤其注意语法和词汇方面的错误。
只有站在完整句子的角度才能发现其中的错误。
3.改后将答案放回原文并重读全文,目的主要是检查答案是否符合逻辑
或英语表达习惯。
主要考查冠词表示特指、泛指的用法,定冠词和不定冠词的混用,不定
冠词a 和an的混用,零冠词和非零冠词的混用以及冠词的缺失与多余等。
1.I still remember how hard first day was.(2017·全国Ⅰ)
分析:句意为:我依然记得第一天是多么艰难。表示第几天,序数词前
要加定冠词the或用限定词进行修饰,所以在first前加上the或my。my
first day表示“我的第一天”。
(一)冠词
2.They live far from the school,and it takes them about a hour and a half to
go to work every day.(2017·全国Ⅱ)
分析:hour是以元音音素开头的单词,前面要用不定冠词an。表示“一个小
时”可以用an hour,也可以用one hour,故将hour前的a改为an或one。
3.My uncle says that he never dreams of becoming rich in the short period of
time.(2016·全国Ⅰ)
分析:in a short period of time是固定搭配,意为“在短时间内”,故应将
the改为a。
4.But in that case,we will learn little about world.(2016·全国Ⅱ)
分析:此处特指我们所生活的这个世界,因此world之前应加定冠词the。
主要考查可数名词与不可数名词的辨析、可数名词单复数以及固定词组
中的名词误用等。
1.The instructor kept repeating the word,“Speed up!” “Slow
down!”...(2017·全国Ⅰ)
分析:句意为:教练不停地重复“加速!”“减速!”……由后面引号
内的内容可知此处word表示“词,说的话”,为可数名词,且不止一个
词(一句话),应用复数形式,故将word改为words。
(二)名词
2....they often get some useful informations from the Internet.(2017·全国Ⅱ)
分析:information是不可数名词,没有复数形式,故将informations改为
information。
3.When I was a very young children,my father created a regular practice
I remember well years later.(2016·浙江)
分析:根据句中的I was a可知,其后应该用单数,而children是复数,所
以应把children改为child。
(三)动词
主要考查动词的时态和语态等。
1....once I started the car,my mind goes blank.I forgot what he had said
to me altogether.(2017·全国Ⅰ)
分析:结合上下文语境可知,此处描述的是过去的经历,时态应保持一
致,应用一般过去时,所以把goes改为went。
2.When summer came,they will invite their students...(2017·全国Ⅱ)
分析:when引导时间状语从句,如果主句是将来时,从句通常用一般现
在时表示将来,故将came改为comes。
3.I had grown not only physically,but also mentally in the past few
years.(2017·全国Ⅲ)
分析:根据时间状语in the past few years可知应用现在完成时,故将
had改为have。
4.About one month after this photo was took...(2017·全国Ⅲ)
分析:由句意可知此处表示被动,被动语态的结构为“be+及物动词
的过去分词”。take的过去分词为taken,故将took改为taken。
(四)形容词和副词
主要考查形容词和副词的词性辨析、词义辨析、比较等级以及-ing形式和
-ed形式的形容词的辨析等。
1.It was a relief and I came to a suddenly stop just in the middle of the
road.(2017·全国Ⅰ)
分析:此处表示“我来了个紧急刹车”。suddenly是副词,表示“意外
地,忽然地”;sudden为形容词,表示“突然的;迅速的”。修饰名词
stop应用形容词,故将suddenly改为sudden。a sudden stop表示“急刹
车”。
2.In their spare time,they are interesting in planting vegetables in their
garden...(2017·全国Ⅱ)
分析:interesting有趣的,多指物;interested感兴趣的,多指人。由于
此句的主语是they,指人,故将interesting改为interested。be
interested in对……感兴趣。
3.They were also the best and worse years in my life.(2016·全国Ⅲ)
分析:与前面的best并列,此处应用最高级,故将worse改为worst。
(五)代词
主要考查各类代词的用法、代词指代的人或事物前后不一致、代词的缺失
或多余以及it的不当使用等。
1.Mr and Mrs Zhang all work in our school.(2017·全国Ⅱ)
分析:Mr and Mrs Zhang是指两个人,应用both。因both在此作同位语,
也可以去掉。故将all改为both或删除all。
2.This picture often brings back to me many happy memories of your high
school days.(2017·全国Ⅲ)
分析:根据句意可知此处是作者以自己的口吻写的“我的高中时代的美好
回忆”,故把your改为my。
3.It does not cost many,yet we can still learn a lot.(2016·全国Ⅱ)
分析:此处表示“这样不会花费很多钱”,cost much花费很多,可以理解为
cost much money的省略,故将many改为much。
4.At first,I thought I knew everything and could make decisions by
yourself.(2016·全国Ⅲ)
分析:根据句意可知,此处指作者自己,即“我自己”,故将yourself改为
myself。
5.At last,I will be on my own,but I still want to have my parents to turn to
whenever need help.(2016·全国Ⅲ)
分析:分析句子结构可知,whenever引导状语从句,从句中缺少主语,由句
意可知,此处表示“在我需要帮助的任何时候”,故在whenever后加上I。
(六)介词
主要考查介词的意义和用法、介词短语中介词的使用错误、介词与动词的
搭配错误、介词与形容词的搭配错误、介词与名词的搭配错误、介词的缺
失与多余等。
1.It was a relief and I came to a sudden stop just in the middle on the road.
(2017·全国Ⅰ)
分析:由语境可知此处表示“在路中间急刹车”,in the middle of the
road表示“在路中央”,为固定搭配,故将on改为of。
2.They have also bought for some gardening tools.(2017·全国Ⅱ)
分析:buy是及物动词,表示“买某物”直接用buy sth.,其后无需跟介词,
故将for删除。
3.My uncle says that he never dreams becoming rich in a short period of
time.(2016·全国Ⅰ)
分析:dream of doing sth.是固定短语,意为“梦想做某事”,因此应
在dreams后加上介词of。
4.Now I am leaving home to college.(2016·全国Ⅲ)
分析:leave...for...是固定搭配,表示“离开……去……”,所以应把to
改为for。
(七)连词
主要从逻辑关系角度考查连词的误用,或从成分缺失的角度考查连词的
漏用。
1.Before getting into the car,I thought I had learned the instructor’s
orders,so once I started the car,my mind went blank.(2017·全国Ⅰ)
分析:根据句意可知作者本以为自己已经掌握了教练的指令,结果一发
动车,脑中一片空白,前后文为转折关系,故将so改为but或yet。
2.I have grown not only physically,and also mentally in the past few
years.(2017·全国Ⅲ)
分析:not only...but also...意为“不但……而且……”,为固定表达,
连接并列成分,故将and改为but。
3.Every day he makes sure that fresh vegetables or high quality oil are
used for cooking.(2016·全国Ⅰ)
分析:通过分析句子成分可知,在宾语从句中,fresh vegetables与high
quality oil是并列主语,应用and来连接,所以把or改为and。
4.Though not very big,but the restaurant is popular in our area.
(2016·全国Ⅰ)
分析:从属连词though不可与并列连词but连用但可以与yet连用,因此
应该删除but或将but改为yet。
(八)从句的引导词
主要考查定语从句中关系词的错用或缺失、状语从句引导词的错用、
名词性从句引导词的错用、多余或缺失。
1.Around me in the picture are the things they were very important in
my life at that time(2017·全国Ⅲ)
分析:由句子结构可知,things是先行词,后面是定语从句,从句中缺
少主语,引导词应用that或which,所以把they改为that或which。
2.In their spare time,they are interested in planting vegetables in their garden,
that is on the rooftop of their house.(2017·全国Ⅱ)
分析:此处是非限制性定语从句,需要用which而不能用that引导,故将that改
为which。
3.My uncle is the owner of a restaurant close to that I live.(2016·全国Ⅰ)
分析:由句子结构可知,介词to后为宾语从句,而从句中缺少地点状语。故应把
that改为where。
4.If I was only a child when I studied in that classroom,I will never forget it.
(2015·浙江)
分析:由语境可知,此处表示“尽管在那间教室学习的时候我还是个孩子,但
我永远不会忘记它”,为让步状语从句,应用although或though引导,故将If改
为Although或Though。
(九)主谓一致
主要考查主语和谓语在人称和数上的一致性、定语从句或强调句型中的
主谓一致、非谓语动词(短语)或主语从句作主语时的主谓一致等。
1.He would ask who we was and pretend not to know us.(2016·浙江)
分析:we 是复数,谓语动词应该用复数,所以应把was改为were。
2.My dream school look like a big garden.(2014·新课标全国Ⅱ)
分析:句子的主语My dream school 是单数形式,其后的谓语动词也应采
用单数形式,所以look应改为looks。
(十)非谓语动词
主要考查动词不定式、动词-ing形式以及过去分词的用法、谓语动词与非
谓语动词的混用、并列结构中非谓语动词的误用等。
1.When summer comes,they will invite their students pick the fresh
vegetables!(2017·全国Ⅱ)
分析:本句出现了两个动词,所以要将第二个动词变为非谓语动词,又根
据句意可知,摘新鲜的蔬菜是目的,所以把第二个动词变为to do不定式的
形式表目的,故在pick前加上to。invite sb.to do sth.邀请某人做某事。
2.We can choose between staying at home and take a trip.(2016·全国Ⅱ)
分析:此处为between...and...结构,前后应是并列成分,根据and前的
staying可知,后面也要用动名词形式,故把take改为taking。
3.He would ask who we were and pretend not to knowing us.(2016·浙江)
分析:pretend后接不定式作宾语,这里是其否定形式,不定式符号to后应
该跟动词原形,所以应把knowing改为know。
4.After looks at the toy for some time,he turned around and found that his
parents were missing.(2015·全国Ⅱ)
分析:after之后省去了主语he,he与look之间是逻辑上的主谓关系,故应
用现在分词形式,所以looks应改为looking。